Use of Yield Charts & Equations
Volume Mass Density Ave BPT Watson K
Hydrogen
For cracking
Sulfur 2 mol/mol S
Dissolved in
1 lb/bbl feed
product
H2S Sulfur in Feed
C3‐ 1.0+0.09*(YLN)
IC4 0.377*(YLN) Calculate Pure
NC4 0.186*(YLN) Calculate Pure
C5 to 180F Fig. 7.3 (YLN) Calculate Calculate 131F Fig. 7.5
180 to 400F Fig. 7.4 Calculate Calculate 281F Fig. 7.5
400F+ Calculate 460F Fig. 7.5
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Trends
Figure 7.3
The lighter the feedstock the
more readily it cracks
The curves for the 10.9 Watson K
factor feed are about 10% lower
than the curves for the 12.1
Watson K factor feed.
• Suggests the calculation
procedure:
K 12.1
Y YKW 12.1 1 0.1 W
10.9 12.1
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Trends
Figure 7.4
Start over‐cracking the heavy
naphtha fraction when the light
naphtha yields gets above 25
vol%.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield – Makeup Hydrogen
Make up hydrogen must be added to compensate for that
chemically consumed & any dissolved in the liquid products
Primary hydrogen consumed will be to saturate aromatics & olefin
structures and break C‐C bonds
Additional hydrogen needed for the removal of sulfur
• Breaking of the C‐S‐C and C‐SH bonds
• Assume the more conservative 2 mol H2 per mol S
Liquid products leave with dissolved H2
• Text book recommends 1 lb H2 per bbl liquid product
Updated: July 12, 2018
4
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Estimate the Watson K factors
for the liquid products
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Calculate other values based on
the physical property
information & flow data.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine amount H2S
produced & amount of H2
required to remove
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine Vol% Light Naphtha
Yield (based on 12.1 Watson K
factor feed).
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Correct to actual Watson K
factor of feed. Calculate
associated mass values.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine Vol% Heavy Naphtha
(180 to 400oF) Yield. Calculate
associated mass values.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine Vol% Butane Yield.
Calculate associated mass
values.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine Wt% C3‐ Yield. Split
between C1, C2, & C3.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine mass amount of
Distillate & residual Gas Oil
(400oF+) based on total mass
balance.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine all other yield
amounts.
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Determine the amount of
dissolved H2 in the liquid
products (C3 & heavier)
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
Hydrocracker Yield Example
Updated: July 12, 2018
Copyright © 2017 John Jechura (jjechura@mines.edu)
