MANUAL 2628

OWNERS MANUAL
INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

REFRIGERATION PUMP

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

YOUR WARRANTY MAY BE VOID IF

INSTRUCTIONS ARE NOT FOLLOWED

Note: when ordering parts give pump

model and serial number

Cornell Pump Co.

P.O. Box 6334, Portland, OR 97228 USA
Phone: 503-653-0330 Fax: 503-653-0338
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SERIES HT, HTS REFRIGERANT PUMP

INDEX NO. DESCRIPTION SECTION

1 TITLE PAGE 3200-300
2 INDEX PAGE
3 WARRANTY PAGE (REFRIGERANT PUMPS)
4 CAUTION/WARNING PAGE 3500-006
5 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (WARNING) 3200-947
6 START-UP INSTRUCTIONS (WARNING) 3200-947
7 PRESSURE TESTING 3200-948
8 MOTOR BEARING REPLACEMENT INSTRUCTIONS (WARNING) 3200-949
9 IMPELLER LOCKSCREW INSTALLATION (CAUTION) 3200-14
10 PROCEDURES ON ORDERING A CORNELL PUMP PART 3000-2
11 REFRIGERANT PUMP APPLICATION WORKSHEET 3000-3
12 PUMP TROUBLE, CAUSES AND CORRECTIONS 3200-951
13 PARTS PAGE - 1.5HT, 2HT/HTS, 2.5HT, 3HT FA25237
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WARNING PAGE
Installation Start-Up Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3200-365

Warning: The pump discharge must maintain a 15 PSI differential pressure over the LPR pressure at all times
while operating. Failure to maintain this differential will result in inadequate coolant flow through
the motor and may result in damage to the motor, coolant leakage, and possible serious personal
injury.

Warning: The motor coolant /recirculation line valve should be open at all times when the pump is powered.
Failure to open this valve prior to pump operation may result in damage to the motor, coolant
leakage, and possible serious injury.

Warning: If the pump is isolated from the system by closing valves in the suction and discharge lines, the vent
valve (246D) is to be opened. Otherwise, ambient heat may cause excessive pressure in the pump,
leading to casing failure and possible serious personal injury.

Dismantle & Reassemble Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3200-425

Warning: Refrigerant gases are hazardous. Obey safety regulations, or serious personal injury may result.

Impeller Lock Screw Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3200-14

Caution: Lock screw failure can damage impeller and volute. Proper torque during installation is important.

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INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
REFRIGERANT PUMP SERIES “HT”
Inspection
Examine pump for freight damage.
Pump Location
The pump must be located a vertical distance below the receiver minimum liquid level an amount at least equal
to the pump’s NPSHR plus 2 feet. The NPSHR is read from the pump performance curve for the highest
flowrate at which the pump is anticipated to operate. Place the pump as close to the drop leg as is practical
while allowing for two to three pipe diameters between the suction stop valve and the pump suction flange.
Consider access requirements for normal servicing.
Electrical Specifications

Pump Model HP RPM Full Load AMPS Locked Rotor AMPS Frame Size
1.5HT 5 1800 8.4 41.0 P66K
7.5 1800 11.3 52.0 P66V
2HT/HTS 3 1800 6.0 28.0 P66K
5 1800 8.4 41.0 P66K
7.5 1800 11.3 52.0 P66V
2.5HT 10 1800 15.5 70.0 P215M
15 1800 21.8 109.0 P215V
3HT 10 1200 17.0 56.0 P254UN
15 1200 28.0 100.0 P254UN

Piping Connection and Support

The minimum pump leg pipe diameter should be the same size as the pump suction but otherwise should be
sized for an optimum velocity of 2 feet per second. A low loss suction stop valve, such as a full port ball valve,
angle valve or butterfly valve, should be located as close to the drop leg as practical and, again, two to three
pipe diameters from the pump suction flange. Piping must be lined up squarely so that pipe flanges and pump
flanges are parallel and not offset. Piping must be supported and expansion joints or bends employed so that
strain is not transmitted to the pump. The pump base should be mounted in such a way as to permit removal of
the rotating element of the pump without removing the volute from the system piping. Pipe flanges connecting
to the pump should be flat faced and have the same size and rating as those of the pump.
Vent Lines
A 3/8- inch refrigeration duty globe valve is mounted on the top of the pump volute for connection to a vent line.
The volute vent line must be connected to the receiver above the maximum liquid level and should be sloped so
that no liquid can become trapped in the line. For best results, the volute vent should not be connected to a
compressor wet suction line. Systems with widely or rapidly varying loads and those using horizontal receivers
should have pump suction vent lines for limiting vapor entrainment into the pump. The suction vent line should
be connected to the top of the suction pipe, just ahead of the pump suction flange. If the suction pipe size is

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reduced ahead of the pump by means of an eccentric reducer this reducer may be installed with the flat on the
bottom. This provides a high point where vapor can be trapped and piped away. The suction vent line should
be of at least 1.5- inch diameter and should include a valve for isolation. The suction vent must not be
connected to a compressor wet suction and must be connected to the receiver above the maximum liquid level.
A suction vent should not be teed into a volute vent line.
Bypass Line
A bypass line is required to maintain a minimum flow through the pump during periods of reduced or zero
system liquid demand. The bypass should be connected from the pump discharge, upstream of any check valve,
to the receiver. It may be connected to a compressor wet suction line. The bypass should be at least 3/4- inch
diameter and should include an isolation valve for service. The flow through the bypass can be controlled with
a throttling valve such as a hand expansion valve, with a fixed orifice or with a constant flow regulating device.
If a fixed orifice or flow regulator is to be used, consult Cornell for minimum flow requirement for the
particular pump model and application.

Adjustment of Bypass Valve: Start with the bypass valve completely open. Close the pump discharge stop
valve and volute vent valve fully. Slowly close the bypass valve until the pump discharge pressure gauge
becomes “shakey” or unsteady or other unsteady pumping conditions are noted. Slowly open the bypass valve
until conditions become stable. Observe the pump long enough to be certain pump operation is stable, then
open the discharge stop valve.
Motor Coolant/Recirculation Line

WARNING
The pump discharge must maintain a 15 PSI differential pressure over the LPR pressure at all times while
operating. Failure to maintain this differential will result in inadequate coolant flow through the motor and may
result in damage to the motor, coolant leakage, and possible serious personal injury.

The back of the motor (non-drive end) has a 3/4” FNPT and holes to accommodate a standard 3/4" gasketed
flange. This connection must be piped back to the receiver in the same fashion as the volute vent line. It should
enter the receiver above the liquid level, be sloped so that no liquid can become trapped in the line, and not be
tied into any other line. A stop valve should be present in the line for isolation when removing the pump for
servicing.

WARNING
The motor coolant/recirculation line valve should be open at all times when the pump is powered. Failure to
open this valve prior to pump operation may result in damage to the motor, coolant leakage, and possible
serious personal injury.

Gauges
Install gauge valves on the suction side of the pump between the suction stop valve and pump suction flange
and on the discharge side between the pump discharge flange and the first valve (check or stop). When possible
locate the gauge valves at least two pipe diameters away from the pump or the nearest valve, bend or fitting.

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Relief Valves
The pump must be protected from overpressurization by a relief valve in the system set at no higher than 250
PSIG. The pump must not be isolated from this valve while it contains liquid or gaseous refrigerant. During
normal operation the receiver relief valves may serve to protect the pump, but where the pump may be isolated
from the vessel while containing refrigerant (such as during preparation for servicing) other relief devices must
protect the pump. As a manufacturer of a single component of the refrigeration system Cornell cannot design or
dictate the design or installation of relief systems, but as a minimum Cornell recommends adherence to
ANSI/IIAR 2-1999 “Equipment, Design and Installation of Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems,”
Section 5.11.1.2 except where this standard is superseded by more stringent standards or code requirements
governing the particular site into which the pumps are being installed.
Electrical Connections
Motors: Standard Cornell factory supplied motors are dual rated and are either 230 volt, 60 Hz service and 190
volt, 50 Hz service or 460 volt 60 Hz service, and 380 volt, 50 Hz service. The motor nameplates will indicate
which voltages are applicable.

Thermal Protectors: The thermal protector is N/C (normally closed). The thermal protector will open circuit
as the motor approaches the thermal limit (200°C). The thermal protector must be connected in series with
hold- in coil of magnetic contactor or connected to a warning device to sound an alarm. DO NOT apply line
voltage across the thermal protector leads. Thermal protector rating maximum 5 amps at 120 VAC. If the
current through the thermal protector will exceed this value and intermediate control circuit relay must be used
to reduce the current or the thermal protector will not work properly.

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START-UP INSTRUCTIONS
Parts List
240. VENT LINE
246D. PUMP VOLUTE VENT VALVE (normally closed)
OPEN TO REMOVE VAPOR FROM PUMP
246E. VENT DRAIN (normally closed)
Before Starting The Pump
Adjust valves in following order:
1. Close drain valve (246E).
2. Open vent valve (246D).
3. Open valve in discharge line one quarter.
4. Slowly open valve in suction line fully.
5. Open valve in motor coolant line fully.
6. Open suction vent valve (if present) fully.
7. Fill pump with liquid.
8. Open valve in bypass line.
9. Check wiring of motor.
10. Allow pump to cool down for approximately one hour.
Starting the Pump
1. Leak Check. If not already done, check for leaks once pump and associated piping is pressurized.
2. Check for pump rotation. Make sure bypass line is open. Make sure motor coolant line valve is open.
Close vent valve. Open discharge stop valve ½ turn. Start pump and observe discharge pressure. Pressure
should fluctuate briefly and then remain steady as liquid enters the pump. Stop pump and reverse two of the
three power leads to the motor. Start pump again and observe the discharge pressure. Stop pump. Wire the
pump leads to the position that produces the highest discharge pressure, this ensures proper rotation. Open
vent valve.
3. Once correct rotation has been determined, and connections to the motor have been made, the junction box
on the motor should be packed with a water repelling substance to inhibit the collection of condensed water
around the motor leads. Grease, spray- in foam, or any other substance that will expand to fill the junction
box cavity and deter the entrance of water can be used.
4. Close discharge valve. NOTE: If there is no bypass line, leave discharge valve 1/4 open.
5. Start pump. Close vent valve (246D) completely. NOTE: The vent valve will not vent gasses while the
pump is running.
6. Slowly open pump discharge stop valve while observing discharge pressure and pump behavior. If
discharge pressure becomes unstable or cavitation is heard, close discharge stop valve down to the point
where pressure stabilizes.
7. Wait approximately five minutes, then start slowly opening discharge stop valve again. As system becomes
full, further opening of discharge stop valve should not result in unstable pump performance. If, upon fully
opening discharge stop valve, the pump differential pressure* drops more than two to three PSI below the
design differential, it will be necessary to turn down hand expansion valves or other control devices to bring
the pump back up to design differential.
* Pump discharge pressure minus pump suction pressure.

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Recommendations
On initial start- ups or after complete defrost, always start the pump before the compressor unless the system has
a method of flow control to limit start- up capacity within the limits of NPSH requirements. In installations
where a standby pump is used, it is best to rotate the standby/duty pump assignment at least every three months.

WARNING
If the pump is isolated from the system by closing valves in the suction and discharge lines, the vent valve
(246D) is to be opened. Otherwise, ambient heat may cause excessive pressure in the pump leading to casing
failure and possible serious personal injury.

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STATIC PRESSURE TESTING

REFRIGERANT PUMP SERIES “HT”
Every Cornell refrigerant pump is tested at the factory using nitrogen gas. While at pressure every pressure
containing component is checked with a leak detecting solution for joint and casting integrity. If the pump is to
be further pressure tested as part of the refrigeration system, the maximum test pressure is to be no higher than
300 PSIG. This test may be performed with liquid or gas.

WARNING
Do not operate pump when at test pressure. Failure to follow instructions may seriously damage pump and
possibly result in refrigerant leakage and serious personal injury.

Static Test Procedure

A. Open all valves connected between the volute and accumulator starting with the vent valve as shown. Do
not open volute drain valve.
B. Introduce liquid or gas gradually, and slowly raise pressure. Do not exceed maximum test pressure as stated
above.

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REFRIGERANT PUMP BEARING REPLACEMENT INSTRUCTIONS

MODELS 1.5HT, 2HT, 2HTS, 2.5HT, 3HT
Parts List

2. VOLUTE
3. IMPELLER
12. IMPELLER LOCKSCREW
13. IMPELLER WASHER
20. BEARING
28. IMPELLER KEY
55. MOTOR
294. O-RING (BACK SIDE PLATE)
294B. O-RING (BACK SIDE PLATE)

WARNING
Disconnect electrical power before working on the pump. Refrigerant gasses are hazardous. Obey safety
regulations.

WARNING
Vent valve (246D) must be opened prior to isolating pump to avoid overpressurization that could result in
casing failure and serious personal injury.

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Bearing Wear
Before motor disassembly, measure the shaft endplay. Compare the measured endplay with the maximum
values listed in the table belo w. If the measurement exceeds the dimension in the table, the bearings should be
replaced.
After disassembly of motor, measure the inside diameter of the bearings at the point of maximum wear.
Compare this measurement with the maximum values listed in the table below. If the measured diameter
exceeds the diameter in the table, the bearings should be replaced.
Motor Frame Size Nom. Bearing I.D. Max. Bearing I.D. Nom. Shaft Endplay Max. Shaft Endplay
P66 1.1265” 1.132” .094” .125”
P215 1.3765” 1.382” .094” .125”
P256 1.3765” 1.382” .094” .125”

Draining the Pump

Open vent valve (246D). Close suction, discharge, and motor coolant stop valves and bypass valve. Allow ice
to melt off. As the pump warms, gas forming in the casing will escape through the vent line. Refrigerant can
be removed through drain valve (246E). All liquid and gaseous refrigerant must be removed from the pump
before opening the case.

Removal of Rotating Assembly from Volute

It is not necessary to disconnect the volute (2) from the piping. The “back pullout” design enables the removal
of the rotating assembly to a workbench for servicing.
Prior to disassembly, prepare a clean workbench where the necessary tools can be laid out and ready. Have a
supply of clean rags handy and the following tools.
Box end/open end wrenches:
5/16”
3/8”
9/16”
5/8”
11/16”
3/4”
7/8”
15/16”
Small adjustable wrench (6” or 8”)
5/16” Allen wrench
Blade type screwdriver, approximately 8”
Small pipe wrench (8” or 10”)
Oil filter wrench or strap wrench
“Channel- lock” pliers
Two small prybars

Once the pump has been valved off and drained of refrigerant, the motor coolant/re-circulation line can be
disconnected. Next, remove the bolts connecting the motor (55) to the volute (2).
The formed pump support base, has slots where it is bolted to the foundation. It should be possible to loosen
the foundation bolts and slide the pump, rotating assembly free of the volute.
If there is a misalignment between the volute and the rotating assembly, this will have to be corrected before the
rotating assembly will slide out of the volute. If there is no misalignment and the motor will not easily separate
from the volute, then thread two volute bolts into two threaded jackscrew holes on the motor flange, and tighten

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them evenly. The motor will be pushed free of the volute. The entire pump assembly (rotating), less volute,
can now be moved to the workbench for the remaining disassembly.
Disassembly for Bearing Removal
Remove the impeller lockscrew (12) using the 5/16-inch Allen wrench; the impeller (3) can be held stationary
by gripping the outside of the impeller eye with an oil filter wrench or strap wrench.
Insert the two prybars between the impeller backshroud and the motor flange, and apply even pressure. The
impeller should slide off without excessive force. Be sure that someone is holding onto the impeller; if it hits
the floor it may break. Remove the impeller key (28).
Remove the 3/8- inch bolts on the non-drive end of the motor. Three of these bolts are supporting the pump
base. Remove the bearing housing; this may require twisting the bearing cover to free it before it will come off.
Be careful when removing either bearing housing as the shaft/rotor assembly may come out as well. The
rotor/shaft assembly is only held in place by the two thrust bearings contained in the bearing housings.
Remove the four recessed 3/8- inch bolts holding the drive end bearing cover on. Remove the bearing housing;
this may require twisting the bearing cover to free it before it will come off. Be careful when removing either
bearing housing as the shaft/rotor assembly may come out with it. The shaft/rotor assembly is only held in
place by the two thrust bearings contained in the bearing housings.
The bearings can now be knocked out of the bearing housings with a block of wood and a mallet. The bearing
housings should be cleaned of residual adhesive prior to installation of the new bearings.
Bearing Installation
Note: The bearings must be installed with the grooved (thrust) face toward the center of the motor.
Bearings are held into place with LocTite adhesive. Primer bearing and bearing housing surfaces with LocTite
primer 7649. Wait 5 – 10 minutes for primer to adhere to surfaces. Apply LocTite adhesive 680 to both parts
and assemble pump end bearing to dimension shown on the following page. Non-pump end bearing should be
installed flush with the bottom surface of the bore. Install bearing very quickly with turning motion. Remove
excess LocTite from surrounding surfaces. Adhesive will begin to set-up immediately. Allow 24 hours for
adhesive to cure before re-assembly of pump.

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Reassembly
After the LocTite has been given the proper amount of time to cure, the pump may be reassembled. Clean the
O-ring groove in the non-pump end bearing housing and install new O-ring. Install the non-pump end bearing
housing by positioning in place and attaching using the 3/8- inch bolts. Make sure to note that the O-ring is
properly positioned in the bearing housing so that it will not be damaged when tightening the bolts. Also, make
sure the base is properly positioned before tightening the bolts attaching it.
If the shaft/rotor was removed from the pump re- install it now. Clean the interior motor liner and remove any
debris before inserting the shaft/rotor. Be very careful when sliding the shaft/rotor inside the motor or bearings;
damage can result from forcing due to an improper fit or obstructions.
Once the shaft/rotor has been positioned inside the motor, the pump end bearing housing can be installed and
attached using the 3/8- inch bolts.
Install the impeller onto the shaft and tighten the lockscrew. Do not forget to install the key.
Spin the impeller by hand while listening for any rubbing inside the motor, or on the wear ring of the impeller.

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Final Reassembly
Now the pump rotating assembly can be reinstalled into the volute. At this point, the volute O-ring groove on
the motor flange should be cleaned and new O-rings installed. Apply a coat of heavy consistency oil to the O-
rings to aid in installing the backplate into the volute.
Tighten all the volute bolts in an alternating pattern. If, after bolting the motor to the volute, there is a gap
between the pump support base and the foundation, do not bolt the base down. Shim under the support base
before bolting down so that no bending stress is applied to the volute or motor.
Reconnect the motor coolant/re-circulation line. Check all fittings for tightness. The pump is now ready to be
flooded with refrigerant.
Carefully follow the start- up procedures outlined in your manual. If the manual is not available, please contact
Cornell Pump Company at (503) 653-0330, and arrangements will be made to provide you with the necessary
manual pages.

Cornell Pump Company

Supersedes 3200-14
Dec., 96 July, 2001

IMPELLER LOCKSCREW INSTALLATION

Impeller lockscrews are always right hand socket head capscrews. Stainless steel lockscrews are supplied with
Loctite 262, which should be applied to lockscrew thread and shaft thread prior to installation.
Torque for Impeller Lockscrews

First determine size and material of lockscrew, then torque to the appropriate value listed in the table below.
Stainless Steel Lockscrew
Nonmagnetic
Size (302, 303, 304, 316 Series)
.38 – 16UNC 20 Ft-lb
.50 – 13UNC 40 Ft-lb
.62 – 11UNC 90 Ft-lb
.75 – 10UNC 135 Ft-lb
1.00 – 8UNC 265 Ft-lb
1.12 – 7UNC 360 Ft-lb
1.25 – 7UNC 510 Ft-lb
1.50 – 6UNC 875 Ft-lb
Lubrication
Do not lubricate impeller lockscrew or tapped hole or between the lockscrew and the impeller washer or
between the impeller washer and the impeller. Make sure parts are clean and dry; however, it is not necessary
to remove the protective coating from the screw. Lubricated bolts can be overstressed with the torques
indicated.
DO NOT USE LOCKSCREW TO INSTALL THE IMPELLER
CAUTION

Lockscrew failure can damage impeller and volute.

The impeller screw must be of the best material, properly forged and machined to rigid specifications not
available from local suppliers.
Buy only lockscrews available from Cornell to be sure of quality.

Cornell Pump Company

Supersedes 3000-2
Jan., 1992 March., 1993

PROCEDURES ON ORDERING a CORNELL PUMP PART

In order to assure the correct parts are supplied, please provide the following information at the time order is
placed.

1. Pump Model
Example: 2CB-5-4
2. Cornell Serial Number
Example: #36442
3. Parts Description
Example: Impeller (and impeller trim diameter)
4. Any Desired Changes to the Pump From What was Originally Supplied
(This especially applies to material or impeller trim)
5. When You Need the Part
Example: Four weeks
6. Special Shipping Instructions
Example: Prepaid and add; collect; airfreight; or carrier desired
7. Any Special Billing Instructions
Example: COD
8. The Design Conditions (see worksheet, page 3000-3)
Flow rate: Gallons per minute (GPM)
Differential Pressure: Required discharge pressure minus pump suction pressure
Pressure in vessel from which pump takes suction, if not approximately equal to vapor pressure at pumping
temperature
Pumpage temperature
Pumpage: Ammonia, R-22, R-12, etc.
Net positive suction head available (NPSHA) or minimum liquid level above pump suction centerline

Unless Otherwise Specified

Pricing in the Cornell catalog reflects the current engineering designs. Obsolete or suspended parts may cost
more and require additional manufacturing time.

For additional questions, please contact the Cornell Factory.

Cornell Pump Company

P.O. Box 6334
Portland, OR 97228 USA
Phone (503) 653-0330
Fax (503) 653-0338

Cornell Pump Company

NEW PAGE 3000-3
Jan., 1992

REFRIGERANT PUMP APPLICATION WORKSHEET

LIQUID PUMPED SPECIFIC GRAVITY _____________

0
GPM LIQUID TEMPERATURE F

∆P REQUIRED OF PUMP (3) a PSI a FEET

PRESSURE IN VESSEL a PSI a FEET

IS LIQUID SUBCOOLED a YES a NO

TOTAL DISCHARGE PRESSURE (1) a PSI a FEET

MININUM SUCTION LIQUID LEVEL (5) FEET

If available, the following information provides Cornell with a double check on design flow rate in order to
assure the best possible pump selection.
Design recirculation rate (example: 4:1, 3:1, etc.) (4) ____
0
TONS AT F EVAPORATING
0
TONS AT F EVAPORATING
0
TONS AT F EVAPORATING
0
TONS AT F EVAPORATING
0
TONS AT F EVAPORATING
0
TONS AT F EVAPORATING

NOTES:
1. Pd is total pressure required or measured at pump discharge.
2. Ps is pressure measured at suction flange of pump (approximately the pressure in the vessel).
3. ∆ P is the pressure boost required of the pump (Pd -Ps ).
4. Recirculation rate is the ratio, by weight, of liquid supplied to an evaporator to vapor leaving the
evaporator.
5. NPSHA is the amount of liquid (vertical height) over the horizontal suction centerline of the pump, less
suction piping losses.

FOR YOUR NOTES:

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Pump Troubles, Their Causes and Their Corrections

HT Refrigerant Pumps
Problem Probable Cause Corrective Measure

Loss of prime at start up Vent line has liquid trap, preventing gas 1. Slope the vent line from the pump to the
movement to separator. separator so all horizontal portions have
slope with no sagging, which could cause a
liquid trap.
Vent line feeds to another line instead of 2. Vent piping should be directly into
directly into separator separator above the maximum liquid level.
If lines are combined, arrange valves and
slopes so pump being primed has no liquid
in vent line and has separator pressure.
Vent line closed. 3. Open valves.
Pump started before completely filled with 4. Follow “Start-up Instructions” carefully and
liquid or before cooled down. allow ample time for system to balance and
pump to cool down
Pump started with discharge valve fully 5. Throttle discharge valve at start up to
open. almost shut-off and open it very gradually.
Maintain pressure just less than shut-off
pressure.
Suction valve not fully open or partly 6. Open valve. Compare vacuum gage
plugged. readings at pump suction and at separator
when pump is running (but before it loses
its prime). Reading at pump adjusted for
liquid level in separator should be almost
same as separator pressure.
Loss of prime while pump is System demand reduced to zero because 7. Energy used to circulate liquid within the
running all coil, etc., shut-off. Pressure gage goes pump raises temperature of liquid until it
to shut-off pressure and loss of prime is boils and forms gas at eye of impeller.
slow. Open the valve in the by-pass line. Make
sure the by-pass line does not contain a
relief valve (which would normally be
closed). A minimum flow o f approximately
10 GPM is required to keep NPSHR down.
System demand increased (as after a 8. Make suction line as large as pump suction
defrosting cycle), raising the NPSH and use low loss valve, properly located.
required above the maximum NPSH Change system cycling to avoid periods of
available. high capacity pumping. Install flow control
to limit flow so NPSH available will be
greater than NPSHR. Raise minimum level
in separator or raise separator.
Compressor lowers pressure in separator 9. Reduce rate of temperature draw down.
(for a fast temperature draw down) to a
10. Frequently temperature draw down and
point where pressure in the suction piping
increased system demand occur together
is lower than the vapor pressure of the
after defrost and combined corrective
liquids. This results in instant boiling.
measures are required.

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Re-priming difficult One of a combination of above probable 11. When as many of the above measure as
causes. practical have been tried without success, an
ejector system may be of assistance. For
information on this, consult the factory.
Low pressure Over capacity if a new system or if system 12. Check amperage and voltage. Compare
has been changed. with normal power demand. Higher
capacity will require higher power.
Evaluate system requirement.
Plugged pump vane(s) 13. Check power – lower if less liquid being
pumped. Clean impeller.
Restricted suction system. 14. Make vacuum gage check as for Corrective
Measure #6 and power check.
Oil in pump from drop leg. 15. Check amperage and voltage. Compare
with normal power. Oil in pump will
increase power requirement and reduce
pump capacity, thus reducing refrigeration
capability. Drain off the oil. Locate oil
source and correct.
Motor overloading – new Incorrect rotation. 16. Check rotation – refer to ”Start-up
installation Instructions.”
Motor overloading – existing Pump Selection wrong. 17. Review system and consult factory.
installation
Oil in pump. 18. See Corrective Measure #15.
Bearing Failure Pump running in reverse. 19. Switch two leads of pump and check
pressure. Take the higher of the two
readings.
Excessive pump cavitation. 20. See Corrective Measures #7, #8, #9
Motor Failure Can lining rupture due to excessive 21. Replace motor and bearings.
bearing wear.
Single phasing. 22. Check 3 phases.
Lack of motor cooling. 23. Excessive dirt in system.
Improper voltage. 24. Check voltage.

Cornell Pump Company