Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2016, Article ID 2051908, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2051908
Editorial Nanostructured Optoelectronics: Materials and Devices
Hieu P. T. Nguyen,1 Shamsul Arafin,2 J. Piao,3 and Tran Viet Cuong4
1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA 3 Epitaxial Laboratory, Inc., Dix Hills, NY 11746, USA 4 Department of Solid State Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Correspondence should be addressed to Hieu P. T. Nguyen; hieu.p.nguyen@njit.edu
The use of nanostructure materials for optoelectronic devices, next-generation optoelectronic and photonic devices. Fur- including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes, pho- thermore, the use of such 2D materials as a buffer layer for todetectors, and solar cells, has recently attracted consider- the growth of light-emitting III-V compound semiconductors able attention due to their unique geometry. Nanostructures by the so-called van der Waals epitaxy method has opened in small dimensions can be perfectly integrated into a up a new route of heteroepitaxy, mitigating a lot of growth- variety of technological platforms, offering novel physical and related technological challenges. As an effort, this special chemical properties for the high performance optoelectronic issue features a theoretical paper relating to emerging 2D devices. The exploitation of new nanostructures and their materials. X. Hu and F. Meng in “First-Principle Study on optical and electrical properties is necessary for their emerg- the Interaction between Fe and Trivacancy in Graphene” ing practical device applications. have reported the interaction between iron metal and mono- This special issue contains six papers, presenting some layer graphene. In fact, this study has described a detailed recent advances in the theoretical calculation, synthesis, char- investigation on the structural and electronic properties of acterization, and application of such novel nanostructures. graphene with vacancies as well as the advantages offered by Recently, natural dyes have been widely studied as poten- having these vacancies on the graphene surface. These results tial sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due certainly provide insights to engineer the electrical properties to their cost efficiency, nontoxicity, and complete biodegra- of graphene through defect addition and manipulation, being dation. In “Photoactive Layer of DSSCs Based on Natural useful for industrial semiconductor applications such as the Dyes: A Study of Experiment and Theory,” Y. Li et al. photocatalytic technology and graphene-based electronics. investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, three In another paper, W. Sukkabot theoretically studied the natural dyes for DSSCs which were extracted from natural impact of structure shapes on the electron-hole exchange plants, including Forsythia suspensa, Herba Violae, and Corn interaction in core/shell nanostructure semiconductors. The leaf. The authors reported that such natural dyes exhibit study focused on the electron-hole exchange interaction in wide absorption region which covers almost the whole visible the morphological transformation of CdSe/ZnS core/shell spectrum. The highest photoelectronic conversion efficiency nanodisk to CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanorod using atomistic for these natural dyes was recorded to be 0.96% with open tight-binding theory and a configuration interaction descrip- circuit voltage of 0.66 V and short circuit current density of tion. The aspect ratios were successfully used to study the 1.97 mAcm−2 which is promising for future biophotovoltaics structural and optical properties of such nanostructures. applications. The single-particle and excitonic gaps are believed to be Among these novel nanostructures, recent rapid advances decreased by changing from disk to rod shapes. The authors in research involving two-dimensional (2D) layered nanoma- concluded that light hole is suggested to be used for quantum terials and nanoplasmonics could pave the way for developing information instead of a heavy hole. This study contributes 2 Journal of Nanomaterials
important information to the design of high performance
II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals for optoelectronic applica- tions. Y. J. Park et al. reported their study on the enhanced light extraction efficiency of LEDs by employing two ZnO nanostructures. The experiments were performed on two types of nanostructures including one-dimensional nanorods and two-dimensional nanosheets which were grown directly on top of LEDs. The formation of surface texturing on LEDs with ZnO nanorods offers increased escape cone and surface scattering, resulting in the enhancement of light output power of 30% compared to conventional LEDs without using ZnO nanostructures. However, due to the increased internal reflection and light absorption in ZnO nanosheets, LEDs using nanosheet structures have lower light output efficiency compared to the conventional one. The employment of ZnO nanorods shows promising approach for the enhanced output power of LEDs. More importantly, LED devices are not severely suffering from degradation of electrical properties by using ZnO nanorods. In the paper “A Method to Control Dynamic Errors of the Stylus-Based Probing System for the Surface Form Measurement of Microstructures,” H. Fang et al. proposed a simple and cost-effective method to control dynamic errors of the stylus-based probing system on measuring the surface form of microstructures. The dynamic errors were numerically simulated and suggested that the scanning speed and initial position of the measured specimen directly affect the dynamic errors. The authors proposed a solution to enhance the form measurement accuracy of microstructures by using kinematical models to predict the influence of the measurement setup on dynamic performance. The dynamic errors, therefore, can be controlled by properly choosing the optimal scanning speed and the initial position of the measured samples. V. R. Balaji et al. presented a novel design of twelve- channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) demultiplexer using the two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) square resonant cavity. The rod radius and wave- length were optimized by linear regression analysis. The authors claimed that their DWDM exhibits high accuracy of 95% with an average quality factor close to 8000. Importantly, the proposed PC based demultiplexer has small figure size and is perfectly applied in integrated optics.
Acknowledgments The Guest Editors would like to thank all authors for their contributions to this special issue. They would also like to acknowledge reviewers of this special issue for their time and comments. Hieu P. T. Nguyen Shamsul Arafin J. Piao Tran Viet Cuong Journal of International Journal of International Journal of Smart Materials Journal of Nanotechnology Hindawi Publishing Corporation Corrosion Hindawi Publishing Corporation Polymer Science Hindawi Publishing Corporation Research Hindawi Publishing Corporation Composites Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014
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