Vi

Vi IMproved
IMproved
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Go to beggining of next/previous word: . . . . . . . . . . . . . wC / bC
Go to end of a word: . . . . . . . eC , . . . . . . . with interpunction EC
Go to declaration:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gdC
• Cancel command: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+uex
2.5. Insert special sumbols
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Shrink/large window by 𝑛 columns: Ctrl+w𝑛<C / Ctrl+w𝑛>C
Same size for all windows: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+w=C
Mass: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . write :wall , quit :qall , :wqall
• Display unprintable characters: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :set list
© 2013 Martin Bruchanov, bruxy@regnet.cz • Go to begin/end of paragraph:. . . . . {C / }C , block: [{C / ]}C • Insert ASCII char: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+v code EndE • Perform mass command for all windows: . . :windo command
• Go to begin/end of line: . . . . . . . . . . . HomeC ≈ ^C / EndC ≈ $C • Open name under cursor in new window: . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+wfC
Basic control and conventions Go to next/previous sentence:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )C / (C
• Show ASCII/UTF-8 of char under cursor:. . . . . . . . . gaC / g8C
• • Suppress control character, e.g. Tab (^I): . . . . . . Ctrl+v TabE 5.2.1. Moving in window
• Key combination – several keys pressed together, e.g. • Go to next/previous line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EndC ≈ +C / -C
Ctrl+AE means Ctrl+Shift+aE . • Table of Unicode digraphs: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :digraphs • Jump to window line: . . . . . . . . . . . . top HC , middle MC , last LC
• Go to column: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . first 0C ≈ |C ; nth n|C • Insert digraphs: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+k K1 K2E • Jump to 𝑛 th line from top/bottom: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 𝑛HC / 𝑛LC
• Key sequence – several keys or combinations pressed gra- • Jump to pair bracket: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %C
dually, e.g.. Ctrl+wwE means a press of combination Ctrl+w • Digraphs: ± +- ° DG × *X ÷ -: – -N — -M „ :9 “ :6 • Set actual line to: . . . . . . . top zEndC , center z.C , bottom z-C
• Print position, number of lines and chars, etc.: . . . . gCtrl+gC • Define digraphs .3 for „…“ (U+2026): . . . . . . . :dig .3 8230 • Scroll window up/down by:line Ctrl+eC / Ctrl+yC , page
and than a key w .
2.1.1. Marking of position Ctrl+bC / Ctrl+fC , half-page Ctrl+uC / Ctrl+dC
• Working mode – it is displayed bottom right:
• Insert invisible mark a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maC
3. Search and replace • Redraw window without scrolling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+lC
− ■ C – basic command mode, EscE , • Ignore case: . . . . . . . . :set ignorecase , opposite :set noic
− ■ E – insert mode InsC , iC , • Jump to mark a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'aC 5.3. Tabs
• Print marks: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :marks • Search forward/backward: . . . . . . . . . . /patternC / ?patternC
− ■ V – visual, used for highlighting of text blocks vC / VC , • Repeat last search: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /C / ?C • Command: . . . . . . . . . . . . . vim -p 𝑓 1, 𝑓 2 … open files in tabs
− ■ ex – command line ex-mode :C . • Erase mark a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :delmarks a • Create/close tab: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :tabnew / :tabc
• Process text from mark a to b: . . . . . . . . :'a,'b příkaz , e.g. • Ignore case: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /\cpatternC
• Repeat command with typing number 𝑛× of repetitions be- • Jump to next searched place: . . . . . nC forward, NC backward • Close all, except current tab: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :tabo
fore command, e.g. 5xC deletes 5 chars from cursor position. :'a,'b !sort will use external command for sort • Go to next/previous:. . :tabn ≈ Ctrl+PageDownE / :tabp ≈
• Search for word under the cursor: . #C forward, . *C backward
Option :set showcmd shows command sequence in bottom 2.2. Deleting, moving and copying of text Ctrl+PageUpE
• Search by ASCII code of „M“:. . . . . . .\%d77, \%x4d, \%o0115
right. • Deletion automaticly stores text in register (for moving) • Search Unicode character „𝛼“ (U+03B1): . . . . . . . . . . \%u03b1 • Move after the fold 𝑛: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :tabm 𝑛
• Help: :help topic , use Tabex for command completion. • Delete:char xC ≈ DelC ; previous char XC ≈ d←C ≈ dhC , • Substitution:. . . . . . . . :substitute/from/to/flag , abbr. :s • Perform mass command: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :tabdo command
• Similar commands uses same keys, e.g. fC / FC , tC / TC (see Ctrl+hE ≈ BackSpaceE ; word dwC ≈ Ctrl+wE ; line ddC • Repeat last substitution: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :s ≈ :s//~/ • Change tab design: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :set tabline
below). The difference is direction or range of operation. • Delete up to pair bracket: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d%C • The delimiter / can be any char instead \, " and | • Open name of file under cursor in new tab: . . . . . . Ctrl+wgfC
• Repeat last: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . command .C , macro @@C • Delete to end/beginning of sentence: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d)C / d(C
• Undo: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uC ≈ :undo , redo Ctrl+rC / :redo • Delete the rest of line/file: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DC ≈ d$C / dGC
• Flags:c – confirmation, g – for whole line, p – print, without 6. Visual mode
flag changes only first occurence
• Set or unset options with :set option a :set nooption . • Delete from cursor position to beginning: . . . . . . . . d0C ≈ d^C • Select: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chars vC , lines VC , cursor sets range
• Cancel highlight: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :nohlsearch
Alone :set displays current options. • Join lines: . . . . . . . . JC add space, . . . . . . . . gJC without space • Block text selection: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+VC
• Search in more files: . . . . . :vimgrep /pattern/g f1 f2 …fn
• Shortening of options:. . . . . . . . . :set ignorecase ≈ :se ic • Copy to register: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . line YC ≈ yyC , word ywC • Change to upper/lower case: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UV / uV
• Execute command on line with: :global/pattern/command
• Line addressing of ex-commands: • Copy to the beginning/end of line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y0C / y$C • Select: . . . . . . . . . word awV , ()/{}block abV / aBV , no brackets
• Execute where pattern not match:. . . :g!/pattern/command
− :𝑥command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . execute on line 𝑥 • More registers: press "k…C before command will save text to ibV / iBV ; XML block with marks atV , inside marks itV
register k. E.g. "kyyC copies line into k
3.1. Regular expressions • Perform command in selected range: . . . . . . :'<,'> command
− :𝑥,𝑦command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from 𝑥 to line 𝑦
− :.,$command . . . . . . . . . . . . from actual position to the end • Paste content of last used register or last deleted text: after • Begin/end of: . . . . . . . . . . line ^ / $, word \< / \>, file \%^ / \%$
− :%command ≈ :1,$command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for whole file pC , before PC cursor, "kppC pastes register k • Last searched pattern/substitution: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & / ~ 7. Abbreviations, key maps and macros
− :.,+𝑥comm ≈ 𝑥 :comm . . . . . . . from cursor to next 𝑥 lines • Special register: "% – current file name, "/ – last search,… • Matches any character: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (dot) • Define abbreviation: . . . :abreviate abbr full expansion
− :.,$--𝑥 . . . from current position to 𝑥. line from the end • Show content of registers: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :register a • Or/and: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \| / \& • Abbreviations for insert/ex-mode: . . . . :iabbrev / :cabbrev
− :/pattern1/,/pattern2/ . . . from the first occurrence of • Swaps the next two chars/lines: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xpC / ddpC • Suppress next special symbol: . . . . . . . . . . \., \&, $, \^, \\, \* • List/delete abbreviations: . . . . . . :ab / :unab abbreviation
line with pattern1 to the first pattern2 • ex-mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . delete :d , move :m , copy :co ≈ :t • Atom: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \(pattern\) • Map key x: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :map x commands
• More ex-commands together: . . . . . . . :command1 | command2 • :10,20m0 – move lines 10–20 to the beginning (0) • 𝑁 th reference: . . . . . . . . . . \N, . . . . . . . . . . first \(pattern\) = \1 • Map by mode: . . . . . . . . . . . :map :imap :cmap :nmap :vmap
• Comparison of two files:. . . . . . . . . . . . . .vimdiff file1 file2 • :.,+5d a – delete next 5 lines and store them to reg. a • Ranges: . . . . . . [abcd] ≈ [a-d], [a-zA-Z] ≈ \a, [0-9] ≈ \d • Map key for insert mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :map! x commands
• Ignored chars and ranges: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [^abcd] ≈ [^a-d] • List key mapping: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :map / :map!
2. Edit and save 2.3. Formatting
• Zero or multiple z: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z* ≈ z\{0,\} • Delete mapping: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :unmap x / :unmap! x
• Set text width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :set textwidth=𝑛 One or multiple z: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z\+ ≈ z\{1,\}
• Edit: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :edit file • • Write macro to register a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qaC
• Switch on line wrap: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :set wrap One or zero times: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z\? ≈ z\{0,1\}
• Open new empty file: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :enew • • End macro definition: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qC
• Justify:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :center , :right , :left Repetition z: . . . . z\{n\} accurate 𝑛×, z\{n,\} minimal 𝑛×,
• Insert file to current position: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :read file • • Perform macro in register a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @aC
• Format line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gqqC z\{n,m\} min. 𝑛 and max. 𝑚 times
• Insert output of system command: . . . . . . . . :read !command • Repeat last called macro: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @@C
• Format paragraph: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gqapC jump to end, gwapC
• Save/append file: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :write file / :w >> file
• Reverse case of char: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~C , line g~~C 4. Folding of text blocks ( :help folding ) • Execute macro a as ex-command: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :@a
• Save/append lines 𝑛 to 𝑚: . . :𝑛,𝑚w file / :𝑛,𝑚w>> file
• Save and quit:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :wq , enforced :wq!
• Line to upper/lower: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gUUC / VuC ≈ guuC / VUC • Fold text: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zfC , selected zfV 8. Spell checking
• Whole file to upper/lower case: . . . . . . . . . . . . gggUGC / ggguGC • Jump to beginning/end of fold: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [zC / ]zC
• Quit without save: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :q! ≈ ZQC • Switch on spelling:. . . . . . . . . . :set spell spelllang=cs,en
• While line/file ROT13 encoding: . . . . . . . . . . . . . g??C / ggg?GC • Open fold under the cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . zoC , recursively zOC
• Quit and save when file was changed:. . . . . . . . . . . . . :x ≈ ZZC • Search next/previous mistype: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]sC / [sC
2.3.1. Indentation • Open/close all: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zRC / zMC
• Go to file under the cursos:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gfC • Add to dictionary a word under cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zgC
Shift line: . . . . . . . . . . . . >>C , Ctrl+tE of :set shiftwidth=𝑛 • Switch fold-unfold:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zaC , recursively zAC
• Change name of current file: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :f jméno • • Add temporary to dictionary: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zGC
Shift line leftwards: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<C , Ctrl+dE • Highlight folded parts: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :set foldcolumn=5
• Insert before/after: . . . . . . . . char iC / aC , line . . . . . . . . IC / AC • • Set word as bad: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zwC , temporary zWC
• Insert new line above/below cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC / oC • Tabbing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TabE ≈ Ctrl+iE 5. Edit more files, windows and tabs • Suggest correctly spelled words: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z=C
Rewrite:char rC , word cwC , line ccC , text RC ≈ InsInsC • Shift line same as before: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ==C • Always take the first suggestion: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1z=C
• 5.1. More files (edit buffers)
• Delete char/line and continue edit: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sC / SC • Indent block relatively:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =a{C
• Refresh indentation of whole file:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gg=GC
• Start vim: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vim file1 file2… 9. Programmer support
2.1. Moving throught file • Display buffers: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :ls ≈ :files (numbered)
2.4. Complementation • Run make: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :make
• Open file on 23rd line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vim file +23 • Switch to next/previous file: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :next / :prev
• Complement word before/after cursor: . . . Ctrl+pE / Ctrl+nE • Jump to next/previous error: . . . . . . . . . :cprevious / :cnext
• Cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . →C ≈ lC , ←C ≈ hC , ↑C ≈ kC , ↓C ≈ jC • Switch to first/last file: . . . . . . . . . :rewind ≈ :first / :last
• Name of file in working directory: . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+x Ctrl+fE • List all errors: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :clist
• Paging: . . . . . . . Ctrl+fC ≈ PageUpE / Ctrl+bC ≈ PageDownE • Perform mass command for all files: . . . . . . . :bufdo command
• Name of directory: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+x Ctrl+dE • Add window with list of errors: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :copen
• Half-paging up/down: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+uC / Ctrl+dC 5.2. Windows
• Jump to 𝑛 th line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . :𝑛 ≈ 𝑛GC , the last :$ ≈ GC • Whole line: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+x Ctrl+lE
• New window: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :new ≈ Ctrl+wnC 10. Other
• Jump to percentual line position: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n%C • Word from dictionary:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+x Ctrl+kE
• Split window: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :split ≈ Ctrl+wsC • Start shell: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :shell
• Display current line number: . . . . . . . . Ctrl+gC , :set number • System command (reads $PATH): . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+x Ctrl+vE
• Vertically split window: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :vsplit ≈ Ctrl+wvC • Open manpage of command under cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KC
• Display number of lines: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . := • Increase/decrease number under cursor: . Ctrl+aC / Ctrl+xC
• Close window: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :close ≈ Ctrl+wcC • Open file under the cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gfC
• Jump to byte position: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :goto 𝑛 • Name of current file: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+r%E
• Close all except current: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :only ≈ Ctrl+woC • Save as color HTML: . . . . . . . :runtime! syntax/2html.vim
• Jump in line before char a forward/backward: . . . . taC / TaC 2.4.1. Completition at ex-command line • Jump to next window: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+wwC • Wildcard of current file %, e.g. :!context % process current
• Jump in line to char a forward/backward: . . . . . . . . faC / FaC • Insert content of register a: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+raex • Shrink/large window by 𝑛 lines: . . . Ctrl+w𝑛-C / Ctrl+w𝑛+C file with ConTEXt
• Repeat last line search forward/backward: . . . . . . . . . . ;C / ,C • Insert word under the cursor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ctrl+r Ctrl+aex