Australasian

Health Facility Guidelines

Part B - Health Facility Briefing and Planning
520 - OPERATING UNIT

Revision 4.0
26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

© 26/10/2010 Australasian Health Infrastructure Alliance

The Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AusHFG) and the information in them are the copyright of the
Australasian Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA). The information in the AusHFG is made freely available.
Australasian Health Facility Guidelines
Address: PO Box 1060, North Sydney NSW 2059
Website: http://www.healthfacilityguidelines.com.au
Email: webmaster@healthfacilityguidelines.com.au
The AusHFG are an initiative of the Australasian Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA). AHIA membership
is comprised of representatives from government health infrastructure planning and delivery entities in all
jurisdictions in Australia and New Zealand.
Disclaimer
AHIA gives no warranty or guarantee that the information in the AusHFG is correct, complete or otherwise
suitable for use. AHIA shall not be liable for any loss howsoever caused whether due to negligence or
otherwise arising from the use of or reliance on this information.
AHIA recommends that those seeking to rely on the information in the AusHFG obtain their own
independent expert advice.

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INDEX
INTRODUCTION 4
Preamble 4
Introduction 4
Policy Framework 4
Description of the Unit 5
PLANNING 8
Operational Models 8
Operational Policies 9
Planning Models 11
Functional Areas 14
Functional Relationships 17
DESIGN 18
Access 18
Parking 18
Disaster Planning 18
Infection Control 18
Environmental Considerations 19
Space Standards and Components 20
Finishes 21
Fittings and Fixtures 22
Safety and Security 23
Building Service Requirements 24
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIT 27
Standard Components 27
Non-Standard Components 27
APPENDICES 31
Schedule of Accommodation 31
Functional Relationships 38
Checklists 38
Operating Unit Flow Diagrams 39
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 44
Further Reading 44
References 47

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INTRODUCTION
Preamble

520.001.000 This Health Planning Unit (HPU) has been developed for use by project staff - architects,
602731 planners, engineers, project managers and other consultants, and for end users to
facilitate the process of planning and design.

520.001.005 The HPU developed for NSW Health in 2004 has been revised for Australasian use. Its
602732 development has been informed by a national workshop and an extensive consultation
process.

Introduction

520.002.000 GENERAL
602733
This HPU outlines the specific requirements for the planning and design of an Operating
Unit.

520.002.005 It should be read in conjunction with the following generic requirements in the
602734 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AusHFG).
- Part A - Introduction and Instructions for Use
- Part B - Section 80 - General Requirements & Section 90 - Standard Components
- Room Data and Room Layout Sheets
- Part C - Design for Access, Mobility, OHS and Security
- Part D - Infection Prevention and Control
- Part E - Building Services and Environmental Design.

520.002.010 TERMINOLOGY
602735
‘Perioperative’ is the term used to describe:
- the preoperative phase of patient management to the point of transfer to the
operating room;
- the intraoperative phase - surgery or procedure; and
- the postoperative phase - from point of transfer to recovery followed by transfer to
an inpatient unit or 2nd stage recovery and discharge.
In the context of this HPU it is used to describe the facilities for preoperative management
of day only, day of surgery admission (DOSA) patients, inpatients and emergency patients
and 2nd stage recovery and discharge facilities for day only patients.

Policy Framework

520.003.000 Policies for the provision of healthcare services are formulated in accordance with the
602736 following principles:
- appropriate service models that ensure a comprehensive service network throughout
state and regional health jurisdictions;
- deployment of resources in a fair and cost effective manner to optimise health
outcomes;
- provision of a safe and efficient environment that minimises risk to all users; and

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- development and support for enhanced information systems to monitor, plan and
evaluate services.

520.003.005 Readers should also refer to individual jurisdiction policies and to specific service planning
602737 guidelines under References and Further Reading.

Description of the Unit

520.004.000 The Operating Unit is a physically distinct and environmentally controlled area comprising
602738 one or more operating rooms and perioperative areas. Increasingly, the postoperative
area for day only patients is developed as an Extended Day Only Unit. The design of the
Operating Unit should be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the day-to-day fluctuations
in surgical and procedural caseload and enable the adoption of emerging technologies and
changing models of care. Whilst facilitating the management of patients, the Unit should
also provide facilities to meet the needs of staff working in the area, authorised visitors to
the Unit (professional and students), families and carers.

520.004.005 This HPU describes the facilities required for:

602739
- patient reception, identification and admission;
- patient and visitor waiting and amenities;
- patient preoperative holding and preparation;
- induction of anaesthesia and associated procedures;
- surgery and procedures such as endoscopy;
- 1st stage recovery (Post-Anaesthetic Care Unit or PACU);
- 2nd stage recovery and discharge including Extended Day Only accommodation;
- clinical support functions;
- administrative support functions;
- staff offices and amenities; and
- teaching and research functions as required.
If a dedicated Day Surgery / Procedure Unit is to be provided, refer to Part B: HPU 270 Day
Surgery Procedure Unit, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010) for details.

520.004.010 NUMBER OF OPERATING ROOMS

602740
The number of operating and procedure rooms will be determined by:
- the case mix and complexity of the surgical and procedural caseload as defined in the
service plan;
- the anticipated volume of procedures including some assumptions regarding the
anticipated number of cancellations;
- operating hours - 8 or 10 hr day - and weekend surgery;
- management of emergencies; and
- the length of time of changeover between procedures.
The number of rooms will then assist in defining the number and type of recovery
bays/rooms required and the extent and configuration of support and other facilities

520.004.015 OPERATING ROOM SIZES

602741
Advances in surgical techniques and the use of new equipment and technology are driving
a requirement for larger operating rooms. The sizes listed in this HPU are minimum sizes

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and a final space allocation will depend on many factors including surgical case mix and
use of new technology in the room e.g. robotics and computers.
The usable floor area should be considered. For every door into the operating room or
item fixed onto a wall the usable space in the room is reduced. Carefully consider the
number of doors and fixed workstations and their locations in terms of their impact on
usable floor area.
Flexibility of use should be considered when planning new units. The impact of this
planning principle may result in the adoption of one operating room size, rather than a
mix of standard and large sizes. This allows for a change in case mix over time and
provides a more flexible footprint when new technologies or practices are adopted.
For operating room sizes, refer to the Schedule of Accommodation.

520.004.020 OPERATING ROOM LAYOUT

602742
Operating rooms should be planned with a separate entry for clean goods and the patient,
and a separate exit for the patient post-surgery and removal of waste to maintain clean
and dirty separation. Trolley holding and stock may be located on one side and a clean-up
bay and waste holding on the other side. Refer to the Operating Unit Flow Diagrams
(Enclosures B7-1 and Enclosure B7-2) for more information.
Wherever possible the layout and equipment provided should be consistent but this
should not interfere with function and usability.

520.004.025 There are two options for operating room layout - single handing and mirror reversal.
602743 Refer to Part C Section 705 - Physical Planning Models and Policies, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010).
Single handing means that the layout of each room is identical including door locations
and the layout of equipment and fittings e.g. medical services panels is standardised.
Single handing may provide benefits including enhanced safety, a reduced rate of errors,
and more intuitive use by staff and ease of staff training. A staff member entering any
operating room, regardless of its approach from the corridor, will find the service panel on
the left, X-ray viewer on the right, etc. However, this configuration presents fewer
opportunities for sharing support rooms.
Operating rooms are frequently configured in pairs and this generally results in mirror
imaging of operating room layout. This maximises opportunities for sharing facilities such
as scrub bays and clean-up rooms.
The Operating Unit Flow Diagrams (Enclosure B8 and Enclosure B9) illustrate the two
approaches and sharing possibilities.

520.004.030 FUTURE TRENDS

602744
Technology for surgical services is continually changing. It is essential that all new
technology is evaluated as it is unlikely that one solution will be applicable in all situations.
In some cases, expensive technologies may not be implemented across all rooms but in
areas where the most benefit can be demonstrated. Issues for consideration also include
occupational and safety issues.
Future trends and technologies may include:
- robotic surgery;
- increasing use of imaging technology in the operating room particularly CT and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
- digital operating rooms; and
- use of ultrasound for image-guided insertion of lines.

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520.004.035 PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS

602745
Patients may be fully ambulant, in wheelchairs, on trolleys or in beds.
Special consideration in terms of the physical environment and operational policies should
be given to the needs and management of:
- infants, children and their parents where a paediatric service is provided. Segregated
areas for the reception of children and for their recovery is recommended where
possible in order to screen children from and avoid potential distress to adult
patients;
- mothers, partners and babies post-caesarean section;
- patients with known infections;
- bariatric patients with regard to equipment, manual handling and patient amenities;
- patients with physical and cognitive disabilities needing additional care and
supervision; and
- patients with mental health conditions undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

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PLANNING
Operational Models

520.005.000 HOURS OF OPERATION

602746
The hours of operation of an Operating Unit will vary according to the level of service,
model of care and operational policies. Large tertiary units will provide services 24
hours/day subject to planned closures and arrangements for emergency surgery during
those periods. Smaller units may provide an on-call service after hours and at week-ends.
Consideration will need to be given to the needs of night staff.

520.005.005 MODELS OF CARE

602747
The model of care and range of services to be provided will determine the configuration
and component parts of the Operating Unit and the functional relationships required with
other units. Examples of models of service delivery are described below.

520.005.010 INTEGRATED UNIT

602748
A fully integrated unit provides all the facilities for preoperative, surgical and
postoperative management of all patients including DOSA and day only patients within a
single envelope. It may or may not have access to an Extended Day Care Unit.
If day surgery and endoscopy are to be performed in a dedicated Day Surgery / Procedure
Unit, refer to Part B: HPU 270 Day Surgery Procedure Unit, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010) for details.

520.005.015 SINGLE SPECIALTY OPERATING UNIT

602749
This may be a unit catering to a single specialty such as burns, obstetrics, plastic surgery,
ophthalmology or plastic surgery. Patients are frequently day-only admissions.

520.005.020 PERIOPERATIVE MODEL

602750
Facilities for preoperative management of day and DOSA patients and postoperative care
of day patients may be undertaken in a separate unit that could additionally operate as an
Extended Day Only Unit.
Patients undergoing planned surgery as day-only or day-of-surgery admissions are
admitted to a dedicated facility prior to surgery. Surgery and 1st stage postoperative
recovery are undertaken in the Operating Unit. DOSA patients are transferred to an
inpatient unit. Day-only cases are transferred to the Perioperative Unit for pre-discharge
care.

520.005.025 EXTENDED (23 HOUR) DAY ONLY UNIT

602751
The Extended Day Only Unit model is based on the premise that the majority of surgical
and procedural care can be provided within a 24 hour period in a non-inpatient unit
environment. Patients are admitted, prepared for the procedure, then recovered post-
surgery before protocol-based discharge. While some patients may only need a few hours
of care post procedure, others may stay in the Unit for up to 23 hours. These units require
similar rooms/spaces to a general inpatient unit.
Refer to Extended Day Only (EDO) Admission Policy (PD2007_065) (NSW Health, 2011).

520.005.030 SHORT STAY UNIT

602752
Patients undergoing planned surgery as a day only or overnight admission are admitted to

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a dedicated short stay unit, transferred to the Operating Unit for surgery and 1st stage
recovery, and then returned to the short stay unit. Postoperative stay is usually 48 hours
or less. Refer to NSW model - Surgical Acute Rapid Assessment Unit (SARA) / NSW Health,
Clinical Services Redesign Program (NSW Health, Clinical Services Redesign Program,
2008).

520.005.035 COLLOCATED OPERATING UNIT AND INTERVENTIONAL IMAGING

602753
his is a model whereby operating rooms and interventional angiography rooms are
collocated, allowing for easy access to anaesthetic support and shared use of
perioperative facilities thus reducing unnecessary duplication.

Operational Policies

520.006.000 GENERAL
602754
Users are required to define their own operational policies as one of the earliest steps in
the planning process.
Policies that may affect planning include:
- booking procedures;
- inclusion or exclusion of day only procedures and endoscopy;
- admission procedures for DOSA and day only patients including arrangements for pre-
admission clinic assessment;
- discharge protocols;
- allocation of specialty-specific operating rooms;
- provision of a dedicated emergency operating room;
- the manner in which food, linen and supplies are ordered, supplied and stored;
- medical records management;
- provision of sterile supplies from a Sterile Supplies Unit (SSU) or Theatre Sterile
Supplies Unit (TSSU);
- use of emergency (flash) sterilization for instruments;
- procedures for cleaning and sterilizing endoscopes;
- flow and management of patients within the Operating and Perioperative Units e.g.
will day and DOSA patients walk to the Operating Room?;
- the management of additional procedures requiring anaesthetic support and/or
recovery (e.g. transoesphageal echo, endoscopy, bronchoscopy). Will this happen at
multiple sites around the hospital or be managed in a minimal number of locations to
ensure patient safety is not compromised;
- management of visitors and students;
- management of mothers, babies and partners post-caesarean section; and
- management of children and parents.
Refer to Part B: Section 80 General Requirements, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines
(AHIA, 2010) for further details.

520.006.005 CASE ASSEMBLY / SET-UP

602755
Assembly / set-up is the process of compiling all the packs and sterile consumables
required for each surgical case / procedure. It will need to be determined whether this
process will be carried out in SSU, TSSU or the Operating Unit’s own Sterile Stock Store.

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A range of equipment may be used for case assembly:

- case carts - one case per cart;
- shopping trolley-like containers - one case per trolley; and
- shelved trolleys that may contain the requirements for several cases.
The opening and laying out of the contents of the packs occurs in the operating /
procedure room and is performed under sterile conditions by a scrubbed staff member. In
some jurisdictions, set-up may refer to the process of opening and laying out of contents -
as distinct from assembly - but provision of separate set-up rooms for this purpose is not
recommended.

520.006.010 CONSIGNMENT (LOAN) INSTRUMENTS

602756
Most Operating Units utilise consignment (loan) instruments, the majority of which are
orthopaedic instruments. There may be 20 or more trays delivered in crates / boxes.
Provide a designated area in the SSU or Operating Unit accessible from the main corridor,
where trays can be delivered, opened and checked prior to being wrapped and sterilized.
The reverse process occurs after use prior to return to the provider. In some instances,
loan sets may be photographed prior to and after use as a quality assurance measure.
Instrument trays may be extremely heavy and the area needs to be designed to minimise
risks of injury associated with manual handling (Designing Safer Buildings And Structures
(WorkSafe Victoria, 2005)).

520.006.015 EMERGENCY (FLASH) STERILIZING

602757
Emergency (flash) sterilizing is restricted to situations where a single instrument has been
dropped and no sterile duplicate item is available. It may only be used for unwrapped,
non-porous items as the process does not dry the load, therefore textiles and paper wraps
cannot be used. Downward displacement sterilizers should not be considered for new or
refurbished facilities. There are pre-vac sterilizers that have a fast cycle that can be used to
fast track items using a flash-pack system. The sterilizers are not designed to sterilize
liquids, and cannulated, complex instruments, suction and other tubing should not be
processed by this method.
It is recommended that emergency sterilizing is carried out in the TSSU or SSU, not in the
Operating Unit to ensure that instruments are appropriately cleaned and processed before
being sterilized. This allows appropriate tracking and ready identification of new
instruments to prevent unnecessary emergency processing.
Where emergency sterilizing is undertaken in the Operating Unit, a dedicated sterilizing
bay is required. The sterilizers should be under the control of SSU or TSSU and tested daily
to ensure that the parameters of sterilizer performance comply with AS/NZS 4187:2014
Reprocessing of Reusable Medical Devices in Health Service Organizations (Standards
Australia, 2014).
NOTE: The use of flash sterilizing as a convenience or a cost saving measure is not
acceptable. An adequate supply of instruments should be available.

520.006.020 MEDICAL IMAGING

602758
Intra-operative diagnostic imaging equipment will have design ramifications, including the
growing need for Imaging control rooms and viewing rooms.

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520.006.025 PATIENT PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION AND HOLDING

602759
The operational model for the Operating Unit will determine the need for preoperative
Holding Bays and Patient Change facilities and amenities. The space allocation of 9m2 for
Holding Bays provides sufficient space for a patient to change into a theatre gown. In this
case additional Patient Change Rooms may not be required.
Alternatively, patients may change into a theatre gown prior to surgery and walk into the
Anaesthetic Bay or Operating Room. In such cases, holding bays for elective surgery
patients may not be required and instead be replaced with a waiting area.

520.006.030 PRE-ADMISSION CLINICS

602760
Centre or within or near the preoperative zone of the Perioperative Unit. Consulting
rooms, ECG capability, pathology testing and access to medical imaging will need to be
considered as a minimum.

Planning Models

520.007.000 GENERAL PRINCIPLES

602761
The operational model chosen for the Operating Unit will greatly influence the planning
model adopted.
The location of units such as Day Surgery Unit, Extended Day Only Unit, TSSU / SSU,
Admissions / Bookings and Administrative Services will have an impact on the selection of
the planning model.

520.007.005 LOCATION
602762
The shape of the building and the location of the Operating Unit within the building will
affect the planning of the unit. However there are a number of other issues / planning
parameters that will need to be evaluated prior to commencing the internal planning of
the Unit as described in the following sections.

520.007.010 TRAFFIC FLOWS

602763
When planning the Operating Unit, it is necessary to understand the flows of:
- people - patients, staff and visitors;
- supplies and equipment, and;
- information.
It is preferable to separate the booked, routine traffic from inpatient and emergency
patients, and staff and goods traffic or movement.
Traditional operating unit designs featured clean and dirty zones and completely separate
corridor systems for patients and for clean and dirty goods. In a modern unit, operational
policies play a greater role in managing and controlling the different flows but control of
traffic flows remains a key issue in unit design.

520.007.015 SINGLE CORRIDOR DESIGN

602764
A single corridor is an option where goods - clean and used and all pre and post operative
patients traverse the one corridor.

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There is ongoing debate as to the suitability of this approach but it may be considered
suitable provided:
- the main circulation corridor is sufficiently wide in order to permit separation of the
passage of goods and services; and
- handling of clean supplies and waste is carefully addressed.

520.007.020 RACE TRACK DESIGN

602765
This model aims to separate dirty from clean traffic by controlling the use of each corridor.
As sterile stock storage is usually centralised in this model, both stock and staff can be
concentrated in one location. This prevents duplication of equipment stock and staff.

520.007.025 CLUSTERS / PODS

602766
A cluster of two to four Operating Rooms with a shared Sterile Stock Store is a model
often considered during the planning stages. Clusters of rooms are often grouped around
surgical specialities. The operating costs of providing dedicated staff and stock duplication
in this arrangement of Operating Rooms need to be considered.
This model can add to the corridor space and circulation space and staff may prefer the
extra space to be allocated to stock storage.

520.007.030 DEDICATED OPERATING ROOMS WITH FIXED EQUIPMENT

602767
This model dedicates particular operating rooms to specific types of surgery using fixed
equipment for specialities such as Urology with a dedicated table and drainage, and
Ophthalmology with ceiling-mounted microscopes. This may be beneficial in larger units
where work volumes justify this specialisation. In smaller units the benefits of flexible use
of operating rooms usually outweighs the benefits of specialisation. However, fixed
equipment can preclude the multifunctional use of the room and if a piece of equipment
needs servicing or repair, the room cannot be used.
Fixed radiology equipment is large and difficult to clean and may not be required for all
cases.

520.007.035 DEDICATED MEDICAL IMAGING ROOMS

602768
Locate dedicated medical imaging rooms within the Operating Unit (such as MRI and CT)
adjacent to the operating rooms that will access this technology.
Two models for the use of these imaging rooms are emerging. Either the imaging modality
is moved via tracks to the patient in the operating room or the patient is moved to the
imaging room. In both cases the option of accessing the imaging room at other times (e.g.
for use by intensive care patients) is desirable. In either case, there will be a requirement
for a control room.

520.007.040 DIGITAL OPERATING ROOMS

602769
The digital operating room integrates operating room systems, the hospital’s information
system (HIS), Picture Archive and Communications Systems (PACS), internet access, and
video and audio technology.
Staff will be able to access images, results and medical records via sterile touch screens.
The images can be transmitted in real time which allows education and/or supervision to
occur in other locations that may be an adjoining observation room, other hospital,
conference facility, etc. In the observation room, visitors can view the surgery on monitors
and communicate with the surgical team through intercoms.

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The structure of a digital operating room differs from a traditional room. Critical
components such as monitors, cameras and certain instruments are suspended from the
ceiling instead of sitting on carts beside the operating table.

520.007.045 LAMINAR FLOW OPERATING ROOMS

602770
There has been much discussion regarding the efficacy of laminar flow in operating rooms
for infection control (the exception being ‘barn’ operating rooms - refer below). Inclusion
of laminar flow should be a project-specific decision. Refer to HB 260:2003 Hospital
Acquired Infections - Engineering Down the Risk (Standards Australia, 2003).

520.007.050 ‘BARN’ OPERATING ROOMS

602771
The Barn concept provides a single space for many operating stations. Each station within
the larger space has its own air handling system (laminar flow), ductwork, lighting,
controls, and shares preparation and cleaning facilities. This arrangement allows some
team members, such as anaesthetic and radiology staff, to move between cases, supervise
staff and be easily on-hand if problems arise (Operating Theatres: Barn Blueprint, Hospital
Development (Advani, Sonali, 2007)). This concept may be considered as part of overall
service planning and in the development of a facility model. It will need to address the
number of work areas and the procedures to be undertaken.

520.007.055 MULTI-STOREY UNITS

602772
There may be occasions when there is insufficient floor area for the entire Operating Unit
to be accommodated on one floor. All patient-related facilities should be collocated but
facilities such as Staff Change Rooms, Staff Lounge, meeting and training rooms and some
offices may be located on a floor above or below the main Operating Unit.
In this model, ease of access to Operating Rooms and the Recovery area via internal lift or
stairs is essential. Stairs or lifts should be centrally located and designed so that clothing
disciplines can be maintained.
Stairs should be of adequate width to accommodate the anticipated traffic.
Adequate communication facilities are required to reach staff in case of emergency e.g.
phone, pager or annunciator system.
Additional staff toilets should be provided on the main floor.

520.007.060 EXTENDED DAY ONLY UNITS

602773
Should the Operational Model determine the need for an Extended Day Only Unit,
consider the need for patient toilets and showers. While some patients being cared for in
this Unit may only need a few hours care post procedure, other will stay in the Unit for
between eight and 20-plus hours and may need access to a shower. These should be
supplied at a ratio of one to six beds but should be dependent on projected activity.
Access may be required to a:
- Beverage Bay with refrigerator;
- waiting area for visitors and families;
- staff station; and
- accessible shower/ or toilet that will also accommodate bariatric patients.

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520.007.065 OPPORTUNITIES FOR SHARING SPACE

602774
Perioperative Units can have predictable peaks and troughs in activity which may provide
opportunities to share space. Holding Bays may be used in the morning to prepare
patients for their procedure. As preoperative activity decreases during the day, these
spaces may be used to recover patients attending for day-only procedures.
Consideration needs to be given to mixing these two groups of patients and this could be
addressed in the design stage of planning.

Functional Areas

520.008.000 UNIT FUNCTIONAL ZONES

602775
The Operating / Perioperative Unit comprises the following functional zones:
- admissions / reception area: for the reception and identification of patients to the
unit with general supervision of day-to-day administrative management of the unit,
control of the main entry and general administrative tasks;
- preoperative area: for the admission, holding and preparation of patients prior to
their surgery or procedure;
- operating area: where procedures are carried out. this generally comprises operating
room, anaesthetic room, scrub bay, exit lobby and clean-up areas;
- clinical support areas: control centre, emergency sterilizing, case assembly;
- storage: sterile stock and consumables, general stores, equipment, linen, anaesthetic
supplies, pharmacy supplies, waste holding;
- recovery area(s): where patients are assisted through the process of recovering from
the effects of surgery and anaesthesia. this may be stage 1, stage 2 and discharge;
- staff areas: male and female change rooms, staff room and teaching / meeting spaces;
- restricted access entry area - for entry of clinicians, inpatients and others, and for
access to back-of-house functions; and
- Administrative support areas: offices and administration areas for clinical staff.

520.008.005 ANAESTHETIC ROOMS

602776
Debate continues regarding the inclusion of these rooms as general anaesthesia
frequently only takes place in these rooms for specialities such as paediatrics,
neurosurgery and cardiothoracic surgery.
Associated costs such as potential equipment duplication is a factor to consider as each
anaesthetic room will require its own complete set of anaesthetic equipment and supplies
in addition to the services required for the equipment.
The rooms do however provide a location for the administration of anaesthetic blocks and
insertion of intravenous lines - which are common practice in specialties such as
orthopaedics and obstetrics - and facilitate rapid patient turnaround. In future the room
may need to accommodate an ultrasound machine to provide image guided support for
the insertion of lines.
The ability to accommodate changes in practice that follow changes in case mix makes
provision of anaesthetic rooms an important future-proofing investment for facilities that
anticipate significant growth or changes in catchment population.
An alternative to anaesthetic rooms is holding bays where procedures such as line
insertion and blocks may be undertaken and where equipment may be more easily shared.

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520.008.010 SCRUB BAYS

602777
Many units are planned with a shared Scrub Bay between two operating rooms that allows
more than two or three persons to scrub at any one time.
Most Operating Rooms are planned with the Scrub Bay located on the patient entry side
and this is recommended. Where space on the entry side is at a premium, Scrub Bays may
be located on the sterile stock inward flow side.
The Scrub Bay should be defined and separated from the corridor and Exit Bay. This allows
for the air pressure to be maintained and will not interfere with easy access if the space is
shared between two Operating Rooms. Refer to the air pressurisation diagrams at the end
of this HPU.
One point of access only from within the operating room itself may facilitate management
of air pressure.

520.008.015 STERILE STOCK STORAGE AREAS

602778
The Operating Unit is a major user of sterile stock and the size of the Sterile Stock Store/s
and relationship to the Operating Rooms is of high importance.
The use of disposable instruments, linen and other supplies is increasing which will impact
on the total amount of supplies needed to support the Operating Unit. This will also
increase the need for waste management and this should be reflected in operational
policies for the facility.
Supplies may be provided from a dedicated TSSU, from the SSU that also serves other
areas of the healthcare facility or from the Operating Unit’s own Sterile Stock Store.
If supplied by the SSU, the Operating Unit will usually have its own Sterile Stock Store. If
supplied by the TSSU, one central Sterile Stock Store may suffice. Ensure that storage
systems comply with AS/NZS 4187:2014 Reprocessing of Reusable Medical Devices in
Health Service Organizations (Standards Australia, 2014).

520.008.020 For optimum efficiency, it is preferable that the TSSU is located adjacent to the Operating
602779 Unit with direct internal access between the two units. If the footprint for the TSSU cannot
be located on the same floor, dedicated clean and used goods lifts will be required with
adequate parking space for trolleys in front of each of the lifts.

520.008.025 EQUIPMENT STORAGE

602780
Considerable attention should be given to the quantity, size and range of equipment to be
stored, to storage locations and storage methods in order to maximise efficiency, reduce
unnecessary duplication and minimise staff travel. In large units particularly, an equipment
tracking system may be installed.
Equipment not in regular use should be stored in a central store or stores.
Smaller items of regularly used equipment may be stored in Exit Lobbies.
Equipment Bays should be provided for storage or parking of equipment in regular use
such as balloon pumps, portable X-ray units, lead aprons, warming devices, and auxiliary
lamps. Additional space may be required to store image intensifiers and ultrasound units.
Equipment Bays should be provided at a minimum rate of 4m2 shared between two
Operating Rooms with minimum depth of 0.8m (1m preferred) and are best designed as
elongated rectangular shapes. The Bays should be recessed off the corridors so that
equipment does not disrupt traffic nor cause a hazard, and power outlets may be required
for recharging equipment.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.008.030 RECOVERY - POST ANAESTHETIC CARE UNIT (PACU)

602781
A Stage 1 Recovery Unit will be incorporated into the Operating Unit. Location of 2nd
stage recovery for day only patients will depend on the planning model selected and may
be collocated with 1st stage recovery or in a separate perioperative unit. Refer to
Recommendations for Post Anaesthesia Recovery Rooms (ANZCA, 2006).

520.008.035 RECOVERY STAGE 1

602782
The number of Stage 1 recovery bays / rooms will depend on:
- the overall number of operating rooms;
- case mix including patients requiring minimal postoperative supervision; and
- number of likely direct transfers from the operating room to a critical care unit.
Stage 1 recovery bays or rooms should be configured to permit good observation from the
Staff Station via open fronted bays, glazed partitions between bays and wide central doors
to any single rooms.
Access should be provided to suitable isolation space e.g. a larger curtained area of space
that can be segregated for this purpose.
Single rooms may be used for preoperative preparation, changing or waiting, isolation of
infectious patients, for children and for post caesarean section mothers, their babies and
partner.

520.008.040 RECOVERY - STAGE 2

602783
curtained cubicles or single rooms of adequate size. There should be a clearance of at least
1.2 metres between patient trolleys or recliners and between patient bedsides and
adjacent walls. Patients require access to toilets, showers, and beverage facilities.

520.008.045 STAFF CHANGE ROOMS

602784
The space allocated in the Schedule of Accommodation for change rooms is indicative only
and will be affected by:
- number of operating rooms;
- staff numbers - full time, part time, visiting, session peaks;
- proportion of male to female staff;
- operational policies regarding the provision of lockers to permanent staff, visiting
staff, students etc.
- Facilities will be divided for female & male staff according to relevant awards &
legislation and will comprise;
- showers;
- toilets and urinals;
- hand basins;
- lockers (full, half, interlock);
- storage for surgical clothing (scrubs), masks, gowns, boots, overshoes etc;
- linen and waste receptacles; and
- booting area.
Access should be via keypad or swipe card with intercom to Reception for admittance of
authorised visitors.

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Functional Relationships

520.009.000 EXTERNAL
602785
Patients may enter the Unit from a number of locations. Some of these will be
emergencies in need of urgent surgery or procedure. For these reasons, it is critical to
have close and direct relationships with;
- Emergency Unit;
- Delivery Suite;
- ICU/NICU; and
- helipad and lift.
Less critical but still important are relationships with:
- Anaesthetic Unit;
- Surgical Inpatient Units; and
- Day Surgery/ Procedures Unit.
To minimise stress to patients and other hospital users, transfer of patients between these
units and the Operating Unit should be rapid, direct and discreet and the use of public
corridors and lifts avoided.

520.009.005 Other units that are intimately linked with the day-to-day running of the Operating Unit
602786 and are often planned as a part of the Unit include:
- Perioperative / Extended Day Only Unit; and
- SSU or TSSU.
Other units that may require a functional link include;
- Pathology Unit, including the Blood Bank; and
- Medical Imaging.

520.009.010 INTERNAL
602787
Planning of an Operating Unit is complex and requires the correct relationships to be
achieved between the functional zones listed previously.
Key issues to be managed include:
- logical orderly patient flow from arrival at Reception, through Preoperative Holding,
Operating Rooms and Recovery back to either the Perioperative Unit, an Inpatient
Unit or discharge to home;
- ready access to sterile stock and equipment;
- the ability of staff to monitor the condition and safety of patients at all times;
- the ability of staff to manage some patient groups (e.g. children) with some degree of
separation;
- maintenance of patient privacy; and
- the efficient management of the Unit, in particular consideration of staffing and
equipment costs.
For further information, refer to Enclosures B7, B8 and B9 at the end of this HPU.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

DESIGN
Access

520.010.000 Access to the Operating Unit should be controlled for infection control reasons, the
602788 security of drugs and equipment and the safety of patients and staff.
Access will be required for:
- day and DOSA patients (trolley, wheelchair, ambulant);
- general inpatients (bed/trolley access);
- emergency patients (trolley/bed);
- general staff working in the unit (e.g. receptionists, secretaries i.e. staff not required
to change into surgical clothing);
- staff change rooms (controlled access via keypad or swipe card);
- visiting staff and students;
- goods and services and maintenance;
- official visitors; and
- general public.
Generally, this is achieved by having one only point of entry for patients and the public,
and separate security-controlled entries for authorised staff and goods and supplies.
Bed access and separate holding area for inpatients will be required.

Parking

520.011.000 For staff parking, refer to Part C: Section 790, Safety and Security Precautions, Australasian
602789 Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015).
Consideration should be given to drop-off parking for day/DOSA patients and non-
emergency ambulances.

Disaster Planning

520.012.000 A Disaster Management Plan should be in place that describes the role of the healthcare
602790 facility in a disaster situation.
Depending on the type of disaster the Operating Unit may be a key element of the disaster
plan with a substantially increased workload. The role of the Unit in the disaster plan
should be understood before planning commences. Disaster planning is addressed in more
detail in Part B: Section 80 General Requirements, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines
(AHIA, 2010).

Infection Control

520.013.000 GENERAL
602791
Due to the invasive procedures undertaken, infection control is a key issue in the design
and planning of the Operating Unit.
Specific issues include:
- air handling (airflow management, air filtration, pressure gradients and humidity);

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

- access control;
- policies on surgical attire (scrubs);
- management and integrity of sterile supplies;
- waste management; and
- provision of an isolation room or rooms in Recovery.
For general details, refer to Part D: Infection Prevention and Control, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015).

520.013.005 ZONING
602792
Surgical clothing policy is an important infection control measure and applies in the
following zones:
- Zone 1: No surgical clothing required in rooms/spaces located on the unit perimeter
and accessible from the hospital side of any demarcation point, such as change
rooms, reception and waiting, disposal room, bulk receiving store, biomedical
workshop. Similarly in pre-op holding areas and discharge areas;
- Zone 2: Surgical clothing comprising scrubs, shoes and head covering worn in all inner
areas of the Unit including Recovery; and
- Zone 3: Surgical clothing plus gowns, aprons, masks, gloves, etc worn in the Operating
Rooms where the highest level of cleanliness is required.

Environmental Considerations

520.014.000 GENERAL
602793
The Operating Unit can be a stressful environment for both patients and staff. Consider
environmental factors such as daylight, noise management, colours, etc that may
ameliorate the impact of a very clinical area.

520.014.005 NATURAL LIGHT

602794
The inclusion of natural light and views can improve the environment considerably,
however, care should be taken to control glare and light intensity in clinical areas. Given
that only a limited number of windows can be achieved within a Unit, it may be preferable
to provide the Staff Lounge and the patients in Recovery and Day Surgery with the
benefits of natural light rather than the staff working in the Operating Rooms.

520.014.010 WINDOWS IN OPERATING ROOMS

602795
Staff often request windows in the operating rooms - not necessarily for views but at least
for a perception of the weather. The resulting ability to adjust eyesight from very close
work to an extended view is also an advantage especially during long cases.
An external aspect may be achieved by locating the operating rooms on external walls or
around an internal light court. However there may be heating and cooling implications
that will have a considerable impact on the recurrent costs of managing the Unit.
Borrowed daylight may be achieved by locating windows in the operating room opposite a
corresponding window in a corridor running between the operating room and external
wall. Depending on the purpose of the corridor, these windows can be useful for
supervision and training purposes.
Many procedures require black-out and there are additional costs associated with
provision of integral blinds - and associated cleaning costs.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Windows or viewing panels in doors to lead-lined operating or other rooms should be

protected to maintain the level of protection required. See the section on glazing in Part C:
Section 710, Space Standards and Dimensions, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines
(AHIA, 2010).

520.014.015 INTERIOR DÉCOR

602796
Colour can be used to avoid an institutional atmosphere.
However, in areas where patient observation is critical such as Operating Rooms,
Anaesthetic Rooms, Recovery, Holding Areas, colours should be chosen that do not alter
the observer's perception of skin tones.

Space Standards and Components

520.015.000 HUMAN ENGINEERING

602797
Human engineering covers those aspects of design that permit effective, appropriate, safe
and dignified use by all people, including those with disabilities. It includes occupational
ergonomics, which aims to fit the work practices, furniture, fittings and equipment (FF&E)
and work environment to the physical and cognitive capabilities of all persons using the
Unit.
The requirements of occupational health and safety and antidiscrimination legislation will
apply. Refer to Part C: Section 790, Safety and Security Precautions, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015), and to OHS legislation.

520.015.005 ERGONOMICS
602798
Operating Units should be planned and designed to prevent exposure of patients, staff,
visitors and maintenance personnel to avoidable risks of injury.
Poorly designed recurring elements such as height, depth and design of workstations and
counters, shelving and the layout of critical rooms have a great impact on the
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) of staff as well as the welfare of patients.
Refer to Part C: Section 730, Human Engineering, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines
(AHIA, 2010).

520.015.010 ACCESS AND MOBILITY

602799
Accessible toilets, showers and change rooms should be provided as necessary for
patients, public and staff and comply with AS/NZS 1428:2010 Design for Access and
Mobility (Set) (Standards Australia, 2010). Also Refer to Part C: Section 730, Human
Engineering, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010).

520.015.015 BUILDING ELEMENTS

602800
Building elements include walls, floors, ceilings, doors, windows and corridors and are
addressed in detail in Part C: Section 710, Space Standards and Dimensions, Australasian
Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010).
Ensure that doorways are sufficiently wide and high enough to permit the manoeuvring of
wheelchairs, trolleys and equipment without risk of damage or manual handling risks.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Finishes

520.016.000 GENERAL
602801
As with most units, the selection of finishes for the Operating Unit is influenced by both
durability and infection control.
The finishes in the Operating Unit should be easy to clean, hard wearing and impervious to
moisture.
Refer to Part C Section 710 and also to specific Room Data Sheets and Room Layout Sheets
for recommended finishes and further information.

520.016.005 FLOOR FINISHES

602802
Floor finishes should be impervious to moisture, easily cleaned, stain resistant,
comfortable for long periods of standing and suitable for wheeled traffic. In the Operating
Rooms and Procedure Rooms, the colour should allow for sufficient contrast to find small
dropped items.
A slip resistant, resilient floor finish with welded joints and coved skirtings is considered
appropriate throughout the Unit.
Carpet may be used in waiting areas, staff areas and offices where appropriate.
Where there are changes in types of floor finishes e.g. vinyl to carpet, there should not be
a change in floor levels. Ridged cover strips and humps where two surfaces meet
represent an infection control risk, and a safety hazard for potential slips, trips and falls.
Refer to Part C: Section 710, Space Standards and Dimensions, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010) for further information.

520.016.010 WALL FINISHES

602803
Due to the high number of trolley movements in the Unit, wall protection is an important
issue. Wall and corner protection is required wherever there is the potential for damage.
All wall surfaces in the Operating Unit are subject to the cleaning protocols documented in
the operational policies for the Unit.
Ceramic tiles are not recommended as a wall finish due to their potential to compromise
infection control. These tiles are also susceptible to damage from trolleys and if cracked or
broken, individual tiles may be difficult to replace.
Refer to specific Room Data Sheets for recommended wall finishes.

520.016.015 GAPS
602804
Gaps between dissimilar surfaces should be avoided. For example, avoid gaps between the
top edge of vinyl skirting and wall, between x-ray viewers and wall, window frames and
wall, etc. All areas where possible gaps between dissimilar materials may occur should be
checked and sealed prior to occupation.

520.016.020 CEILING FINISHES

602805
Ceiling performance requirements include aesthetics, acoustics, infection control, access
to services and durability. In the operating environment, infection control is a significant
factor.
Key risks in operating rooms include potential for drop down contamination, splash or
soiling.
The material chosen should meet the performance requirements and there may be a need

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

for supporting operational policies to be developed to maintain relevant standards.

Acoustic tiles should not be used in clinical areas.
Ceilings will be subjected to the cleaning protocols documented in the Operational Policy
for the Unit.
Refer to Part C: Section 710, Space Standards and Dimensions, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010) and Part D Section 880, Surfaces and Finishes (AHIA, 2015) for
further information.

520.016.025 BENCH TOPS

602806
Consideration should be given to the use of the bench tops and the type of material most
suitable to the task. Bench tops should be of a smooth, impervious finish, resistant to
damage and stains. Joins should be avoided if possible because they are difficult to keep
clean. A range of products is suitable e.g. laminates (providing post-forming or other
means of avoiding jointing is considered), synthetics and stainless steel.

520.016.030 WINDOW TREATMENTS

602807
Window treatments to patient bed areas may require external or internal (between
double glazing) treatments for light and temperature control.
See Part C: Section 710, Space Standards and Dimensions, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010) for further information.

520.016.035 CLEANING REQUIREMENTS

602808
The cleaning policy of the Operating Unit should be determined during the design period.
Design layout, fittings, furnishings, floor coverings and finishes will have significant impact
on the cleaning of the Unit. Ledges, corners and all other surfaces which are difficult to
clean should be minimised.
Facilities should be provided that will assist in the efficient cleaning of the Unit e.g.
appropriate location of power outlets, adequate storage for cleaning materials and
equipment, waste disposal and hand washing facilities.

Fittings and Fixtures

520.017.000 DEFINITION
602809
Within the context of the AusHFG, Room Data Sheets (RDS) and Room Layout Sheets (RLS),
Fixtures and Fittings are defined as follows:
- Fixtures: Refers to fixed items that require service connection (e.g. electrical,
hydraulic, mechanical) and includes basins, light fittings, clocks, medical service
panels, etc., but excluding fixed items of serviced equipment such as operating lights.
- Fittings: Refers to fixed items attached to walls, floors or ceilings that do not require
service connections such as curtain and IV tracks, hooks, mirrors, blinds, joinery, pin
boards etc.
Also refer to Part C: Design for Access, Mobility, OHS and Security, Space Standards and
Dimensions, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010) and to the Standard
Components - Room Data Sheets (RDS) and Room Layout Sheets (RLS), Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015) for further detailed information.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Safety and Security

520.018.000 RISK MANAGEMENT

602810
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislation requires designers to identify, assess and
control risks in order to provide an optimal ergonomic design and to do this in
consultation with stakeholders.
Safety considerations need to address the health and safety of end users, including staff,
maintenance personnel, patients and visitors.
By adopting a risk management approach, many safety and security related hazards can
be eliminated or minimized at the planning stage before work even begins, reducing the
likelihood of adverse incidents occurring.

520.018.005 For further details refer to:

602811
- Part C: Section 730, Human Engineering, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA,
2010) and Part C: Section 790, Safety and Security Precautions, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015) for specific OHS requirements;
- AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management (Standards Australia, 2004);
- TS11 - Engineering Services and Sustainable Development Guidelines (NSW Health,
2013); and
- TS7 - Floor Coverings in Healthcare Buildings, Issue V1.1 (NSW Health, 2009).

520.018.010 SAFETY
602812
Employers and employees have a statutory obligation to ensure the health, safety and
welfare at work of all employees.
The design of the Unit should seek to prevent injury, reduce the number of potential
hazards and be safe by design.
Hazards that may be found in the Operating Unit environment include:
- exposure to infectious substances;
- exposure to radioactive materials;
- exposure to anaesthetic gases;
- exposure to decontamination agents; and
- injury from machines and lifting.
Also refer to AS/NZS 4173: Guide to the Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care (Standards
Australia, 2004).

520.018.015 SECURITY
602813
Aspects of security may include:
- equipment;
- drugs;
- medical gases;
- fixed and personal duress alarms; and
- controlled access.
Refer to individual jurisdiction guidelines and to Part C: Section 790, Safety and Security
Precautions, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015).

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Building Service Requirements

520.019.000 PLANNING FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGY - ADAPTABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

602814
Consideration should be given to planning flexibility in order to adapt to new technology
solutions and capability as they become available. This may include::
- structural considerations for floors and ceilings;
- planning for future access to conduits / wiring to enable ease of wiring new
equipment; and
- infrastructure for digital operating rooms.

520.019.005 CEILING STRUCTURE

602815
Increasingly, services and equipment are ceiling rather than floor mounted. These
structures will need to be supported as the weight of these items can be significant.
Ceiling heights also need to accommodate equipment requirements such as operating
lights and ceiling-mounted equipment. Provide appropriately designed, rigid support
structures located above the finished ceiling.

520.019.010 AIR HANDLING

602816
Operating Units will be air-conditioned and particular parameters apply to the Operating
Rooms and the Sterile Stock Store/s.
Provide ventilation, air-conditioning and humidity in accordance with relevant standards,
and to meet the needs of the patient and clinical team. Temperatures may range from 16
to 28˚C.
Refer to:
- TS11 - Engineering Services and Sustainable Development Guidelines (NSW Health,
2013);
- AS 1668.2:2002 The Use of Ventilation and Airconditioning in Buildings, Part 2; and
- HB 260:2003 Hospital Acquired Infections - Engineering Down the Risk (Standards
Australia, 2003).
Also refer to Enclosures B8 and B9 - Unit Flow and Pressurisation Diagrams at the end of
this HPU for further guidance.

520.019.015 SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

602817
Services and systems to be provided include:
- blood gas machines;
- blood fridge;
- medical gases;
- vacuum tube;
- light and power including emergency and uninterrupted power supply;
- bar code readers;
- thermostatic mixing valves;
- ice making facilities;
- temperature controls and alarms as required (blood fridges, etc);
- radiation shielding in rooms where medical imaging equipment is used (mobile or
inbuilt); and
- fume extraction where glutaraldehyde is used.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

These are described in more detail in Room Data and Room Layout Sheets for standard
component rooms.

520.019.020 MEDICAL GASES

602818
The range of medical gases includes:
- oxygen;
- suction;
- medical air;
- nitrous oxide;
- scavenging; and
- carbon dioxide.
Locate the main storage of medical gases outside the unit reticulated internally to gas
outlets. Provision should be made for additional separate storage of reserve gas cylinders
necessary to complete at least one day's procedures.

520.019.025 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS

602819
Operating Units should be planned with consideration to the following information
technology and communications (IT&C) requirements including:
- personal computers;
- wireless technology;
- voice/data systems for telephones, computers, email, internet;
- cordless telephone system (with headsets) for internal communications;
- staff assist and emergency call systems;
- porter/orderly call system;
- patient monitoring systems;
- telemetry systems;
- point of care clinical systems;
- high speed networks to support the requirements of digital operating rooms and
other equipment;
- teleconferencing and videoconferencing ability;
- stock management systems - bar coding and lean systems;
- PACS;
- education requirements; and
- equipment and instrument tracking systems.
As requirements continue to evolve, adequate capacity should be provided to anticipate
this change.

520.019.030 ELECTRICAL SERVICES

602820
Project teams, particularly engineers, need to consider the following aspects of electrical
services:
- provision of general power outlets (GPOs) particularly in corridors for cleaning and in
bays and store rooms for recharging equipment;
- emergency power supply;
- uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for critical equipment;
- surge protection to electronic equipment to ensure that critical data is not lost;

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

- cardiac protection – using core balance devices (CBD) or line isolation; and
- body protection.
References
- TS11 - Engineering Services and Sustainable Development Guidelines (NSW Health,
2013);
- AS/NZS 3009: 1998, Electrical Installations – Emergency Power Supplies in Hospitals
(Standards Australia, 1998);
- AS/NZS 3000:2007 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand
Wiring Rules) (Standards Australia, 2007); and
- AS/NZS 3003:2011 Electrical Installations - Patient Areas (Standards Australia, 2011).

520.019.035 SIGNAGE
602821
Specialised signage requirements may include:
- lasers in use; and
- x-ray in use.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

COMPONENTS OF THE UNIT

Standard Components

520.020.000 Standard Components (SC) refer to rooms / spaces for which Standard Components -
602822 Room Data Sheets (RDS) and Room Layout Sheets (RLS), Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2015) have been developed and are available on the AusHFG website.
Their availability is indicated by “Y” in the SC column of the Schedule of Accommodation.
Standard components are provided to assist with the development of a project. Their use
is not mandatory and if used they can be edited to be project specific.
Refer to AusHFG Part B: Section 90, Standard Components for the text and to separately
itemised Standard Components - Room Data Sheets (RDS) and Room Layout Sheets (RLS),
Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015).

520.020.005 Provide the Standard Components as identified in the Generic Schedule of

602823 Accommodation. Provision of offices, workstations and support areas will be dependent
on the operational policies and service demand and may vary from the Schedule of
Accommodation. However, room sizes should remain consistent. See also Planning Models
and Functional Areas.

Non-Standard Components

520.021.000 Non-Standard Components are unit-specific and are listed and described below:
602824
- Anaesthetic Store;
- Anaesthetic Workroom and Biomedical Equipment;
- Audiovisual Workroom;
- Control Centre;
- Emergency (Flash) Sterilizing Bay;
- Exit Bay;
- Perfusion Room;
- Store - Non-Sterile / De-boxing; and
- Store - Perfusion.

520.021.005 ANAESTHETIC STORE

602825
Description and Function
This is an area for storage of consumables, monitors and spare parts for anaesthetic
equipment.
It may form part of the Anaesthetic Workroom.
Location and Relationships
Direct access is required from the Operating Unit and from the external corridor for staff
and equipment.
Considerations
Floor parking space is required for large items of equipment.
Shelving and hooks are required for smaller items.

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520.021.010 ANAESTHETIC WORKROOM AND BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT

602826
Description and Function
This is area for the repair, maintenance and calibration of both anaesthetic and biomedical
equipment, and a work base for anaesthetic and biomedical technicians when visiting the
Unit.
Location and Relationships
It may be located on the perimeter of the Unit with internal and external access.
Considerations
Fixtures and fittings may include:
- medical gases - oxygen, suction, medical air, nitrous oxide;
- power for recharge and checking;
- workbenches;
- storage shelving for small items;
- sink; and
- Handbasin Type B.

520.021.015 AUDIOVISUAL WORKROOM

602827
Description and Function
This is a room for audiovisual technicians to manage the recording, editing, broadcast and
storage of video images used for teaching purposes.
Location and Relationships
Locate in a non sterile part of the Unit with ready access from outside the Unit. Irregular
access to the Operating Rooms may be required for camera maintenance.
Considerations
Fixtures and fittings may include:
- benches;
- storage cupboards;
- computers; and
- power outlets.

520.021.020 CONTROL CENTRE

602828
Description and Function
The Control Centre is the focal point controlling the functioning of the Operating Unit.
Functions and activities include:
- staff handover;
- communications centre (telephone & computer) for the Operating Unit;
- preparation of operating lists;
- control and updating of drug records;
- stock control of supplies; and
- report writing.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Location and Relationships

Operational policies will affect the design and location of the Control Centre e.g. the
operational policies may require that the Control Centre has overview of one or more of
the following areas: Reception / Entry Area, Holding Bay or Recovery.
Considerations
Fittings and fixtures may include:
- interactive ‘smart’ boards;
- flat panel plasma screens; and
- wall or ceiling suspended arms or brackets for this equipment.

520.021.025 EMERGENCY (FLASH) STERILIZING BAY

602829
Description and Function
The Sterilizing Bay is an alcove within the Operating Unit where dropped instruments are
rinsed and sterilized when a duplicate item is not available.
Location and Relationships
Ready access is required from the Operating Rooms.
The Sterilizing Bay should not be located in an area where steam could affect sterile stock.
Considerations
Fittings and fixtures include:
- sterilizer;
- bench for QA activities; and
- sink.

520.021.030 EXIT BAY

602830
Description and Function
Functions and activities include;
- egress of the patient and used equipment at the conclusion of a procedure;
- storage of patient bed while procedure is in progress;
- storage of clean bed linen and used linen trolley (optional);
- location for fluid warming cabinet; and
- storage of table accessories.
Location and Relationships
Direct access is required:
- into the Operating Room; and
- from the Operating Room into the corridor.
Considerations
Wall protection is required.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.021.035 PERFUSION ROOM

602831
Description and Function
An area for cleaning, set up and maintenance of perfusion equipment. In sizing, consider
the volume of equipment, machines, number of staff accessing this space and the
specialty theatres served.
Location and Relationships
Direct access is required to the Operating Rooms in which the equipment is used and the
Perfusion Store.

520.021.040 STORE - NON STERILE/DEBOXING

602832
Description and Function
This is a room for storage of non-sterile goods on an open mobile shelving system for use
in the Operating Unit.
Location and Relationships
Direct access is required to the Operating Unit corridor and from the Reception/Entry
Area.

520.021.045 STORE - PERFUSION

602833
Description and Function
This is a room for the storage of consumable goods and spare parts for the perfusion
equipment with a workstation for the perfusionist.
Location and Relationships
Direct access to the Perfusion Room is required.

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APPENDICES
Schedule of Accommodation

520.022.000 OPERATING ROOM

602834
A Schedule of Accommodation for Operating Units providing service levels 2, 3, 4, and 5/6
follows.
Notes:
- Quantities and the sizes of some spaces will need to be determined in response to the
service needs of each unit on a project by project basis.
- This section should be read in conjunction with Part B Standard Components, Room
Data Sheets and Room Layout Sheets.
- ‘Y’ indicates that a standard component is available.
- '(o)' indicates optional.

520.022.005 ADMISSIONS/ RECEPTION AREA

602835

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Reception / Clerical Yes 9 12 12 15 Level 2 includes space for

porter.

Waiting Yes 4 8 16 Near Unit entry & reception.

Meeting Room - 9m2 Yes 9 9 9 May also accommodate

office and interview
functions.

Toilet Accessible 5(o) 5(o) Optional if no facilities

nearby.

Toilet - Public 3(o) 3(o) Optional if no facilities

nearby.

520.022.010 PREOPERATIVE HOLDING AREA

602836
For inpatients, day and day of surgery patients admissions

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Patient Bay - Holding Yes 9 9 9 9 1 per OR; sized for trolleys,

but some may be recliner
chairs.

Office - Write-up Yes 3 3 3 Staff work area. Ready

access from OR, main
corridor. Quiet and privacy
desirable.

Staff Station 6 Only allocated for L5/6 as

Reception could be base
used for other levels.

Bay - Handwashing - Type B Yes 1 1 1 1 Accessible from OR & Patient

Holding Areas. Refer to Part
D for details.

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Bay - Linen Yes 2 2 2 Min 1 per 16 bays. Corridor

with ready access to
Holding/ Anaesthetic Bays.

Bay - Blanket Warmer Yes 2 2 2 Min 1 per 8 bed bays.

Clean Utility Yes 8(o) Direct access from Patient

Holding Areas, may be
shared with Recovery.

Dirty Utility Yes 8(o) Increase to 12m2 if shared

with Recovery & Post-Op
Lounge.

520.022.015 OPERATING ROOM AREA

602837
Notes:
- Note 1: Provide 1 anaesthetic room per operating room for Levels 5/6. The number of
anaesthetic rooms for Levels 3 and 4 to be determined during planning with
consideration to operational policy and throughput.
- Note 2: The number of operating rooms will be determined for each project based on
consideration of throughput and casemix.
- Note 3: The provision of a procedure room in a Level 2 unit for minor surgical
procedures will be determined on consideration of workload and casemix.
- Note 4: Consideration may be given to a larger operating room for highly specialised
surgery.

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Anaesthetic Room Yes 15 15 15 Refer Note 1 above.

Anaesthetic Room - Large Yes 18

Operating Room Yes 42 55 55 55 Refer Notes 2, 3 and 4

above.

Scrub-up Bay Yes 6 8 8 8 1 per operating room. If

shared between 2 rooms,
increase to 10m2.

Set-up Room Yes 8 8 8 Depends on Operational

Policy for case assembly

Exit Bay 8 8 8 8 1 per operating room. If

shared between 2 rooms,
increase to 16m2.

Clean-up, Shared Yes 15 15 15 15 1 per 2 Operating Rooms.

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.022.020 CLINICAL SUPPORT AREAS

602838

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Control Centre 9 12

Bay - Flash Sterilizing 2 2 2 2 If area required to

accommodate a Steris
machine, increase size to
6m2.

Bay - Fluid/ Blanket Warmer Yes 1 1 1 1 Provide at least 1 of each Bay

for L5/6 Operating Rooms.

Bay - Linen Yes 2 2 2 2 1 per Operating Room.

Corridor recess with ready
access to Operating Room.

Bay - Mobile Equipment Yes 4 4 4 4 1 bay per 2 Operating

Rooms. Provide power
outlets for recharging.

Store - Non-sterile / Deboxing 20 20 30 30

Store- Sterile Stock Yes 12 12 12 12 12m2 per Operating Room.

Direct relationship to SSU/
TSSU.

Store - Equipment - Major Yes 30 30 40 * *Plan at 6m2 per Operating

Room for L5/6.

Store - Equipment - Minor 10 10 * *Plan at 5m2 per Operating

Rooms for L5/6

Store - Loan Equipment 9(o) 10(o) 12(o) May be located in SSU/TSSU.

Anaesthetic Workroom & 10(o) 15(o) 20 Assumes dedicated space for

Biomedical Equipment levels 5/6.

Anaesthetic Store 15 20 35

Perfusion Room - Set-up 20

Store - Perfusion 20

Audiovisual Workroom 12

Cleaner’s Room Yes 5 5 5 5 Provide at least 1 room per

1,000m2. Ready access to all
areas of the unit, pref on
perimeter.

Disposal Room Yes 10 10 15 20

Blood Store Yes 2(o) 2 2 2 May be for whole healthcare

facility.

Bay- Pathology Yes 9(o) 9(o) 9

Pharmacy Store 6 9

Office - Write-up Yes 3 3 3 3 1 per 2 Operating Rooms.

Office - Single 9m2 9 Duty anaesthetists.

Toilet - Staff 3 3 3

Discounted Circulation 35% 35% 40% 45%

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.022.025 RECOVERY AREA

602839

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Patient Bay - Recovery - Stage 1 Yes 9 9 9 9 2 bays per Op. & Procedure
Room. L2 assumes Day
Surgery patients recover in
that unit.

Single bedroom - Isolation 12 12

Staff Station 9 12 24

Clean Utility Yes 10 12 14 Direct access from Recovery;

may be shared with Patient
Holding Areas.

Dirty Utility Yes 12 12 12 Direct access from recovery

and post operative areas,
may be shared with holding.

Bay- Linen Yes 2 2 2 1 per 16 spaces.

Bay - Fluid/ Blanket Warmer Yes 1 1 1 1 per 16 spaces.

Store - General Yes 6 6 10 Large enough for cots, IV

poles, blood warmers, etc.
Low traffic area, access to
patient holding large equip
and delivery trolleys, wide
and shallow preferred.

large equip and delivery

trolleys, wide and shallow
preferred.

Bay - Resuscitation Trolley Yes 1.5 1.5 1.5 Access from Operating
Rooms and Patient Care /
Holding Areas.

Bay - Handwashing Type B Yes 1 1 1 1 per 4 bays.

Meeting Room - 9m 2
9(o) May be used for interview
and other purposes.

520.022.030 STAFF AMENITIES

602840

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Change - Staff Yes 20 30 80 120 Indicative only.

Staff Room Yes 20 20 30 60 Smaller units may share as

appropriate. External
window desirable.

Toilet - Accessible Yes 5 5 Unless easily available

elsewhere.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.022.035 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT AREAS

602841

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Office - Single Person 12m2 Yes 12 12 Unit Manager.

Office - Single Person 9m2 Yes 9 9 9 NUM clinical.

Office - Single Person 9m2 Yes 9 Recovery NUM, Anaesthetic

NUM, IT Applications
Manager.

Office - Single Person 9m2 Yes 9 9 Surgeon, Anaesthetist.

Office - 2 Person Shared Yes 12 12 CNC/ Educator.

Office - 3 Person Shared Yes 15 15

Meeting Room - 12m2 Yes Shared 12 Quantity to be determined

by service demand. May be
used for education purposes.

Meeting Room - Medium / Large Yes 15 - 20 20-30 Quantity to be determined

by service demand. May be
used for education purposes.

520.023.000 A Schedule of Accommodation for Perioperatiev Units providing service levels 2, 3, 4, and
961149 5/6 follows.
May also be used to plan an extended day only unit.

520.023.005 ADMISSION/ RECEPTION

602842

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Entry Canopy Varies (o) Varies (o) Varies (o) Varies (o) Only required if external
access is available.

Lobby / Airlock Yes 12(o) 12(o) 12(o) 12(o) Only required if external
access is available.

Clerical Support / Medical 9 9 9 9 May be shared with

Records Operating Unit or
Ambulatory Care Unit.

Reception / Clerical Yes 9 9 9 12 May be shared with

Operating Unit or
consolidated with Reception
in smaller units.

Toilet - Accessible Yes 5 5 5 5

Toilet - Public Yes 3 3 3 3

Waiting - Ward Person 6 6 9

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.023.010 PREOPERATIVE AREA

961150

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Waiting Yes 10 12 15 30 Lounge area for waiting

relatives and patients.

Change Cubicle - Patient Yes 2 2 2 2 The requirement for change

rooms in addition to Holding
Bays needs to be evaluated.

Change Cubicle - Accessible (and Yes 4 4 4 4 30% of the change rooms

Bariatric Patients) should be accessible.

1 Bed Room - Isolation 12 12 12 12 Class S.

Ensuite - Isolation Room Yes 5 5 5 5 For each isolation room.

Bay - Resuscitation Trolley Yes 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Consult Room Yes 12 12 12 12 Option to design one room

for pre-op eye examinations.

Patient Bay - Holding Yes 9 9 9 9 1 per Operating Room.

Bay - Patient Property 2 2 4 4 May be located with Patient

Toilet and Change.

Bay - Handwashing Yes 1 1 1 1 Quantity to comply with Part

D.

Shower - Patient Yes 3 3 3 3 Provide at a ratio of not less

that 1:6 if extended day-only
activity is planned.

Toilet - Patient Yes 3 3 3 3 Provide at a ratio of not less

than 1 toilet per 6 bays if
extended day-only activity is
planned. Additional may be
required if colonoscopy
performed.

Toilet - Accessible Yes 5 5 5 5

Clean Utility / Medication Yes 10 10 12 12 Could be shared.

520.023.015 POSTOPERATIVE AREA

961151

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Patient Bay - Recovery Yes 9 9 9 9 The number of second and

third stage recovery bays will
be dependent on service
planning requirements as
these beds form part of the
day only complement of
beds. These bays may be
incorporated into the
Operating Unit first stage
recovery.

Lounge - Patient Recovery (Stage 12 16 16 20 A number of chairs may be

2) provided at 5m2 per chair.

Staff Station - Recovery Similar 9 9 12 16

Clean Utility Yes 10 10 12 12 Could be shared.

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Dirty Utility Yes 12 12 12 12 Could be shared.

Disposal Room Yes 8 8 8 8

Bay - Linen Yes 2 2 2 2

Bay - Blanket / Fluid Warmer Yes 1 1 1 1

Store - General Yes 6 6 8 10

Bay - Resuscitation Trolley Yes 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Bay - Handwashing Yes 1 1 1 1 Quantity to comply with Part

D: Infection Prevention and
Control.

Meeting Room - 9m2 Yes 9 May be shared with

Ambulatory Care or
Operating Unit.

520.023.020 SUPPORT AREAS

961152

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Bay / Room - Beverage Yes 4 4 4 4 For patients post-procedure.

Bay - Meal Trolley Yes 4(o) 4(o) 4(o) 4(o) Only required if an extended
day-only service is operated.

Bay - Staff Property 2 3 3 3

Bay - Pathology 5 5 5 5 May be shared with

Ambulatory Care or
Operating Unit.

Office - Clinical Handover Yes 12 16 16 16 Write-up, multipurpose

function.

Office - Single person 9m2 Yes 9 9 9 9

Store - General / Equipment Yes 12 14 14 16

520.023.025 PREADMISSION CLINIC

961153
Alternatively, this area may be collocated with Ambulatory Care.

Cleaner’s Room Yes 5(o) 5(o) 5 (o) 5 (o) May be shared with
Ambulatory Care or
Operating Unit.

Room / Space Standard Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5/6 Remarks

Component m2 m2 m2 m2

Consult Room Yes 12 12 12 12 May be shared with

Preoperative Area. Numbers
dependent on activity levels.

Clinical Measurement 12 Provided in consult rooms in

smaller units.

Office - Single Person 9m2 Yes 9 9 9 9

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Functional Relationships

520.024.000 A diagram showing the functional relationships in the zones of the Operating Unit is
602843 shown below.

Checklists

520.025.000 Refer to the planning checklists at the end of Parts A, B, C and D of these Guidelines for
602844 general requirements.

Part B - Health Facility Briefing and Planning Page 38

520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Operating Unit Flow Diagrams

520.026.000 The relationships between the various components of an Operating Unit are best
602851 described by process flow diagrams. The requirements for infection control and
patient management result in planning models that have proved successful through
numerous built examples and many years of practice.

520.026.005 Most Operating Unit plans are a variation of one of these base planning models and
602852 are presented in Enclosures B7-1 and B7-2. They are linear models that can be
stretched to provide the number of Operating Rooms desired. The support facilities
required also grow with the number of Operating Rooms. These base models also
show the relationships between typical adjoining Units such as SSU and Day Surgery.

520.026.010 Enclosures B8 and B9 show eight alternatives to a typical Operating Room module
602853 that can be designed to work with the base Operating Unit model and also address
air pressurisation flows. Each module includes the configuration of:
- Operating Room;
- Anaesthetic Induction Room;
- Scrub Bays or Room;
- Sterile Stock Store / Set-Up Room;
- Clean-Up Room; AND
- Flash Sterilizing Bay.

520.026.015 Air pressures, in particular the relative pressures between Operating Rooms and
602854 directly adjoining Sterile Stock Stores (refer diagrams A,B,C,D and H) must comply
with AS 1668:2012 The Use of Ventilation and Airconditioning in Buildings -
Mechanical Ventilation in Buildings (Standards Australia, 2012).

520.026.020 A plan substantially based on one of these diagrams is 'deemed to satisfy' the
602855 requirements of this HPU.
In reviewing and using the enclosed Operating Unit diagrams, designers should
carefully consider a number of issues.
Each flow diagram represents a method of managing patient access, clean/dirty flow,
air pressurisation, sterilisation of dropped instruments etc.
The diagrams are different, but each addresses the issues involved in a satisfactory
manner. Each option may suit a different management mode or building
configuration.
Designers are strongly cautioned against creating hybrid options by combining
features of various diagrams. This may result in wrong clean/dirty flows or other
unacceptable features. If in doubt, designers should seek advice from specialist
Operating Unit consultants and Infection Control staff.

Part B - Health Facility Briefing and Planning Page 39

520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.026.025 ENCLOSURE B7-1: ALTERNATIVE SINGLE CORRIDOR MODEL

961154

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.026.035 ENCLOSURE B7-2: DUAL CORRIDOR MODEL

961155

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.026.045 ENCLOSURE B8: FLOW DIAGRAMS AND AIR PRESSURISATION

961156

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

520.026.055 ENCLOSURE B9: FLOW DIAGRAMS AND AIR PRESSURISATION

961157

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

Further Reading

520.027.000 Service Planning - General

602845
- ACT Health 2008, Surgical Services Plan 2008-2012. Consultation draft, May 2008,
ACT Health;
- NSW Health 2002a, Guide to the role delineation of health services, 3rd edn, Edition,
Statewide Services Development Branch, NSW Health;
- NSW Health: Selected highly specialised surgical procedures are provided on a state-
wide basis and are identified in the following:
- NSW Health 2002b, Selected Specialty and Statewide Service Plan No 1 - Heart Lung
Transplantation, NSW Health;
- NSW Health 2002c, Selected Specialty and Statewide Service Plan No 2 - Pancreas
Transplantation, NSW Health;
- NSW Health 2002d, Selected Specialty and Statewide Service Plan No 3 - Liver
Transplantation, NSW Health; and
- NSW Health 2003, Selected Specialty and Statewide Service Plan No 4 - Severe Burns,
NSW Health.
- Queensland Health 2005, Clinical Services Capability Framework - Version 2.0 2005,
& V2.01, 2006 (revised 2009), Queensland Health;
- SA Health 2007, Hospital Model of Care Planning Principles - Working Document,
Statewide Service Strategy, Clinical Service Reform, SA Health; and
- WA Health 2005, WA Health Clinical Services Framework 2005-2015, WA Health.
NSW Health Documents
- NSW Health 1999, What a difference a day can make - Same Day Surgical and
Endoscopic Procedures Policy, NSW Health;
- NSW Health 2005, GL2005_076: Surgical Services - 23 Hour Care Units - Toolkit for
Implementation in NSW Health Facilities, NSW Health;
- NSW Health 2007a, PD2007_065: Extended Day Only (EDO) Admission Policy, NSW
Health;
- NSW Health 2007b, Technical Series TS-11: Engineering Services & Sustainable
Development Guidelines, NSW Health;
- NSW Health 2007c, PD2007_077: Medication Handling in NSW Public Hospitals, NSW
Health;
- NSW Health & CHAA, UNSW, 2008a, TS-7: Floor Coverings in Healthcare Buildings,
NSW Health;
- NSW Health, Clinical Services Redesign Program, 2008b, Surgical acute rapid
assessment unit (SARA), NSW Health;
- NSW Health 2009a, GL2009_09: Emergency Surgery Guidelines, NSW Health; and
- NSW Health 2009b, PD2009_18: Waiting: Time and Elective Patient Management
Policy, NSW Health.
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) Guidelines
- Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists 2006, PS4 - Recommendations
for the Post Anaesthesia Recovery Room - 2006, ANZCA. Available from:
http://www.anzca.edu.au/resources/professional-
documents/documents/professional-standards/professional-standards-4.html and

Part B - Health Facility Briefing and Planning Page 44

520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists 2008, T1 - Recommendations of

Minimum Facilities for Safe Administration of Anaesthesia in Operating Suites and
Other Anaesthetising Locations - Interim Review 2008, ANZCA. Available from:
http://www.anzca.edu.au/resources/professional-
documents/documents/technical/technical1.html/ technical1.html
Office Provision
- NSW Health 2005, PD2005_576: Office Accommodation Policy - Public Health
Organisations and Ambulance Service, NSW Health;
- Queensland Health 2008, Work Place and Office Accommodation Policy and
Guidelines, Queensland Health;
- State Government of South Australia 2008, Office Accommodation Guidelines,
Department for Administrative and Information Services, State Government of South
Australia; and
- Victorian Government 2007, Office Accommodation Guidelines, Department of
Treasury and Finance, Victorian Government.
Standards
- Standards Australia 1998, AS 3009: Electrical installations - Emergency power supply
in hospitals, SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2003a, AS 4187: Cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing reusable
medical and surgical instruments and equipment, and maintenance of associated
environments in health care facilities, SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2003b, Handbook 260: Hospital acquired infections - Engineering
down the risk, SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2003c, AS/NZS 3003, Electrical installations - Patient areas of
hospitals, medical and dental practices and dialyzing locations, SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2004, AS/NZS 4173: 2004 Guide to the safe use of lasers in health
care, SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2005, AS 1668: The use of ventilation and air-conditioning in
buildings, SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2007, AS/NZS 3000, Electrical installations (known as the
Australian and New Zealand Wiring Rules), SAI Global;
- Standards Australia 2009, AS/NZS ISO 31000: Risk Management, principles and
guidelines, SAI Global; and
- Standards Australia 2010, AS 1428 (Set): Design for Access and Mobility, SAI Global.
Articles and Reports
- Advani, S. 2007, Operating theatres: Barn blueprint, HD Hospital Development, 19
Feb 2007;
- DHS Victoria 2009, Electroconvulsive therapy manual, DHS Victoria;
- Evans R 2006, Laminar air flow in the operating room - How effective is it in reducing
infection?, AAOS Bulletin, vol. 54, no. 3;;
- Health Care Advisory Board 2006, Future of the Operating Room - Strategic Forecast
and Investment Blueprint, Advisory Board Company, Washington, DC;
- Integrated Health Projects n.d. Broadgreen Hospital Redevelopment, Liverpool: A
Case Study, NHS Trust, http://www.nhs-
procure21.gov.uk/news/downloads/93/broadgreenhospitalredevelopmentliverpoolc
asestudyrevb_000.pdf (refers to Barn Theatres);
- Nestor, C 2007 The OR Challenge: New technologies lead to increased complexity,
Health Facilities Management vol.20, no.4;

Part B - Health Facility Briefing and Planning Page 45

520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010
 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

- NHS Estates 2001, Health Building Note 6: Facilities for Diagnostic Imaging and
Interventional Radiology, HMSO;
- NHS Estates 2004, Health Building Note 26: Facilities for Surgical Procedures Vol. 1,
HMSO;
- Queensland Government, Director of Mental Health, 2006, Guidelines for the
Administration of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Queensland Government;
- Rostenberg, B 2005 Surgology is Coming - Designing for the convergence of surgery
and interventional radiology, Health Facilities Management, vol.18, pp. 49-52;
- Rostenberg, B and Barach, P 2007, Desperately Seeking Safety - Creating integrated
surgical/imaging environments that do less harm, Asian Hospital & Healthcare
Management, vol.14;
- Waters, A 2007, Interim Report: Operating Suite Design, Health Planning and
Infrastructure Division, Queensland Health;
- WorkSafe Victoria 2005a, Designing Safer Buildings and Structures, WorkSafe
Victoria; and
- WorkSafe Victoria 2005b, Orthopaedic Surgical Instrument Sets - Reducing Risks of
Musculoskeletal Disorders, WorkSafe Victoria.

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

References

520.028.000 - Advani, Sonali, 2007, Operating Theatres: Barn Blueprint, Hospital Development
602850 (Advani, Sonali, 2007), Hospital Development, Hospital Development (HD), London.
- AHIA, 2010, Part C: Design for Access, Mobility, OHS and Security, Space Standards
and Dimensions, Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010), Australasian
Health Facility Guidelines, Australasian Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney,
NSW.
- AHIA, 2010, AusHFG Part B: Section 90, Standard Components, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines, Australasian Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2010, Part B: Section 80 General Requirements, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, Australasian Health
Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney NSW.
- AHIA, 2015, Part D: Infection Prevention and Control, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2015), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, Australasian Health
Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2010, Part C: Section 730, Human Engineering, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, Australasian Health
Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2010, Part C: Section 710, Space Standards and Dimensions, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, Australasian
Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2015, Part C: Section 790, Safety and Security Precautions, Australasian Health
Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, AHIA, Sydney,
NSW.
- AHIA, 2015, Standard Components - Room Data Sheets (RDS) and Room Layout Sheets
(RLS), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2015), Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines, AHIA, North Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2010, Part B: HPU 270 Day Surgery Procedure Unit, Australasian Health Facility
Guidelines (AHIA, 2010), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, Australasian Health
Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2010, Part C Section 705 - Physical Planning Models and Policies, Australasian
Health Facility Guidelines (AHIA, 2010), Australasian Health Facility Guidelines,
Australasian Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- AHIA, 2015, Part D Section 880, Surfaces and Finishes (AHIA, 2015), Australasian
Health Infrastructure Alliance (AHIA), Sydney, NSW.
- ANZCA, 2006, Recommendations for Post Anaesthesia Recovery Rooms (ANZCA,
2006), Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, Sydney, NSW.
- NSW Health, 2013, TS11 - Engineering Services and Sustainable Development
Guidelines (NSW Health, 2013), Technical Series TS11 - Engineering Services and
Sustainable Development Guidelines, NSW Government, North Sydney, NSW.
- NSW Health, 2009, TS7 - Floor Coverings in Healthcare Buildings, Issue V1.1 (NSW
Health, 2009), no. V1.1, NSW Government, North Sydney, NSW.
- NSW Health, 2011, Extended Day Only (EDO) Admission Policy (PD2007_065) (NSW
Health, 2011), Australian Government, North Sydney, NSW.
- NSW Health, Clinical Services Redesign Program, 2008, Surgical Acute Rapid
Assessment Unit (SARA) / NSW Health, Clinical Services Redesign Program (NSW
Health, Clinical Services Redesign Program, 2008), NSWGovernment, orth Sydney,
NSW.
- Standards Australia, 2014, AS/NZS 4187:2014 Reprocessing of Reusable Medical
Devices in Health Service Organizations (Standards Australia, 2014), Standards

Part B - Health Facility Briefing and Planning Page 47

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 Australasian Health Facility Guidelines

Australia, Sydney, Australia.

- Standards Australia, 2007, AS/NZS 3000:2007 Electrical installations (known as the
Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules) (Standards Australia, 2007), Standards
Australia, Sydney NSW.
- Standards Australia, 2004, AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management (Standards Australia,
2004), Standards Australia, Sydney, NSW.
- Standards Australia, 2011, AS/NZS 3003:2011 Electrical Installations - Patient Areas
(Standards Australia, 2011), Standards Australia, Sydney NSW.
- Standards Australia, 2003, HB 260:2003 Hospital Acquired Infections - Engineering
Down the Risk (Standards Australia, 2003), Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- Standards Australia, 2010, AS/NZS 1428:2010 Design for Access and Mobility (Set)
(Standards Australia, 2010), AS/NZS 1428:2010 Design for Access and Mobility (Set),
Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- Standards Australia, 2012, AS 1668:2012 The Use of Ventilation and Airconditioning in
Buildings - Mechanical Ventilation in Buildings (Standards Australia, 2012), Standards
Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- Standards Australia, 2004, AS/NZS 4173: Guide to the Safe Use of Lasers in Health
Care (Standards Australia, 2004), Standards Australia, Sydney, NSW.
- Standards Australia, 1998, AS/NZS 3009: 1998, Electrical Installations – Emergency
Power Supplies in Hospitals (Standards Australia, 1998), Standards Australia, Sydney,
NSW.
- WorkSafe Victoria, 2005, Designing Safer Buildings And Structures (WorkSafe Victoria,
2005), Victorian Government, Melbourne, Vic.

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520 - Operating Unit, Revision 4.0, 26 October 2010