Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA Administrative
Region
Division of AGUSAN DEL SUR
INFORMATIC COMPUTER INSTITUTE OF AGUSAN DEL SUR, INC.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
( QUALITATIVE RESEARCH )
PREPARED BY:
JENNY N. JUBILAN
ICI TEACHE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH
LESSON 1: Nature and Inquiry of Research
LESSON 2: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life
LESSON 3: Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
LESSON 4: Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature
LESSON 5: Understanding Data Ways to Systematic Collect Data
UNIT 2: ETHICAL ISSUES IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND READERS’
EXPECTATIONS
LESSON 6: The Importance of Ethics in Research
LESSON 7: General Frameworks for Proposal
LESSON 8: Using Relevant Literature
LESSON 9: Strategizing Your Method
LESSON 10: Writing a Research Proposal
UNIT 1: FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH
LESSON 1: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND IT’S IMPORTANCE IN DAILY LIFE
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LET’S BE KEEN OBSERVER!
REBUS PUZZLE: a representation of words or syllables by pictures of objects or
by symbols whose names resemble the intended words or syllables in sound.
Let your mind blow with knowledge try to answer this!
LET’S GET STARTED!
What is RESEARCH?
diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to
discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc.
-is a tedious process because it is multilevel process. The task of research
makes you eager about results but the process has to go through the rigors
of writing , analyzing and interpreting, which is most often, a slow ,difficult,
and a repetitive process.
BENEFITSOF RESEARCH
Conducting research is an important part of the college experience, especially as an
undergraduate. It offers you many benefits that include:
Fostering critical thinking and analytical skills through hands-on learning.
Defining academic, career and personal interests.
Expanding knowledge and understanding of a chosen field outside of the
classroom.
Developing one-on-one connections with distinguished faculty in their field.
Building community with peers, faculty and organizations on- and off-campus.
It may help to begin with this idea:research is a valuable skill.
The more you do research , the more your interest on the topic grows
stronger.
Research work as a team to enhance their knowledge of how to best address
the world’s problems.
LESSON 2: THE CHARACTERISTICS ,PROCESSES, AND
THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH
The following seven steps outline a simple and effective strategy for finding
information for a research paper and documenting the sources you find. Depending
on your topic and your familiarity with the library, you may need to rearrange or
recycle these steps. Adapt this outline to your needs. We are ready to help you at
every step in your research.
STEP 1: IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC
State your topic as a question. For example, if you are interested in finding out
about use of alcoholic beverages by college students, you might pose the
question, "What effect does use of alcoholic beverages have on the health of
college students?" Identify the main concepts or keywords in your question.
STEP 2: FIND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Look up your keywords in the indexes to subject encyclopedias. Read articles
in these encyclopedias to set the context for your research. Note any relevant
items in the bibliographies at the end of the encyclopedia articles. Additional
background information may be found in your lecture notes, textbooks, and
reserve readings.
STEP 3: USE CATALOGS TO FIND BOOKS AND MEDIA
Use guided keyword searching to find materials by topic or subject. Print or
write down the citation (author, title,etc.) and the location information (call
number and library). Note the circulation status. When you pull the book from
the shelf, scan the bibliography for additional sources. Watch for book-length
bibliographies and annual reviews on your subject; they list citations to
hundreds of books and articles in one subject area.
STEP 4: USE INDEXES TO FIND PERIODICAL ARTICLES
Use periodical indexes and abstracts to find citations to articles. The indexes
and abstracts may be in print or computer-based formats or both. Choose the
indexes and format best suited to your particular topic; ask at the reference
desk if you need help figuring out which index and format will be best. You
can find periodical articles by the article author, title, or keyword by using the
periodical indexes in the Library home page. If the full text is not linked in the
index you are using, write down the citation from the index and search for the
title of the periodical in the Cornell Library Classic Catalog. The catalog lists
the print, microform, and electronic versions of periodicals at Cornell.
STEP 5: FIND ADDITIONAL INTERNET RESOURCES
Nearly everyone is aware of and uses Google and its branches, Google
Scholar, Google Books, Google News, YouTube, etc., to search and find
information on the open Internet (as opposed to the subscription-only
resources you will encounter in steps 2 through 4 above). You can also check
to see if there is a research guide (a subject guide or a course guide) created
by librarians specifically for your topic or your class that links to recommended
resources.
STEP 6: EVALUATE WHAT YOU FIND
If you have found too many or too few sources, you may need to narrow or
broaden your topic. Check with a reference librarian or your instructor.
STEP 7: CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A STANDARD FORMAT
Give credit where credit is due; cite your sources.
Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves two purposes, it
gives proper credit to the authors of the materials used, and it allows those who are
reading your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have
listed as references.
What is the difference between QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE?
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Presentation of data is in the More likely your discussion are
form of WORDS ( from tables containing data in the form
interviews) and images (videos) of numbers and statistics.
or objects ( such as artifacts). Focuses more on counting and
It provides a complete, detailed classifying features and
description of the research topic. constructing statistical models
It is usually more exploratory in and figures to explain what is
nature observed.
Make use of interviews, focus Makes use of tools such as
groups, narratives, content or questionnaires, surveys,
documentary analysis, measurements and other
participant observation and equipment to collect numerical or
archival research. measurable data.
By definition exploratory and it is It tries to quantify a problem and
used when we don’t what we understand how prevalent it is by
expect, to define the problem or looking for projectable results to a
develop an approach to the larger population.
problem.
METHODS USED IN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
In- depth interviews Survey (online, phone, paper)
Triads/ Diads Online polls
Focus Group Discussions Points of Purchase( purchase
transactions)
GUIDELINES FOR TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS
Doing more focused group discussions (FGD) is not a substitute for
quantitative research. It is also not a quarantee that a long survey will give
you all the in-depth information you could get qualitative research.
Determine your method according to your research topic.
Quantitative Research helps you to quantify the problem by way of generating
numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics.
If you intend to quantify attitudes, opinions , behaviors, and other defined
variables- and generalize results from a larger sample population, use
quantitative methods
JUMPSTART!
WRITE 10 THINGS YOU’VE SEEN IN YOUR SURROUNDINGS. DESCRIBE
EVERY ITEM AND EXPLAIN IT’S USED OR FUNCTION.
THINGS
NAME DESCRIPTION
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