REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- Is to produce offspring
- With males and females need certain organs
GONADS
- Are the primary reproductive organ for males and females
- Male Gonads – Testes
- Female Gonads – Ovaries
- Are responsible for producing gametes and sex hormones
GAMETES
- Are sex cells
- Sex Cells in Males – Sperm
- Sex Cells in Females – Ova or Egg
- These two sex cells fuse together to form zygotes
- These zygotes will then go on to mature into individual organisms
SEX HORMONES
- Control the activity and maturation of the reproductive system as well as few other organs or
tissues
ACCESSORY GLANDS AND EXTERNAL GENITALIA
MALE ANATOMY
- It is divided into:
- Gonads
- Male Accessory Duct System
- Accessory Gland of Reproduction
1. GONADS
- The testes are the male gonads
- They are the primary male sex organs
- They produce sperm and androgens (which are the male sex hormones)
- The most dominant male sex hormone is testosterone
TESTOSTERONE
- Is the male hormone that is in-charge of reproductive maturation, puberty, male sex drive
(libido) and normal sperm production
- It is also in-charge of secondary reproductive characteristics (deepening of the voice)
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
2. MALE DUCT SYSTEM
- Transports sperm from the testes to the outside world
- Made up of 4 parts
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Ejaculatory Duct
- Urethra
EPIDIDYMIS
- Is a cut tube about 1.5 inches long and is found on the posterior surface of each testes
- EPIDIDYMITES
Receives immature sperm from the testes
The sperm matures and learn to swim as the wiggle through the epididymis for about
20 days
VAS DEFERENS
- This is where the sperm enters after leaving the epididymis
- A tube about 18 inches long
- The vas deferens along with blood vessels, muscles and nerves makes up the spermate chord
- It ends in an expanded section known as the ampulla
- AMPULLA
Forms parts of the ejaculatory duct
EJACULATORY DUCT
- Is formed by the under of the Ampulla and the duct from the Seminal Vesicle (a male
accessory organ)
- Poses through a structure called the Prostate Gland and eventually empties the Urethra
URETHRA
- Is a “Switch Hitter”
- It carries both urine and semen (parts of both male urinary & reproductive systems)
- Sperm do always have right of way over urine
- Is the very end of the male duct system
- It carries sperm to the tip of the pennies and into the outside world
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
3. MALE REPRODUCTIVE ACCESSORY GLANDS
- They produce a fluid that helps transport sperm
- Make nutrients and chemicals that nourish, protect and help sperm move
- These fluids and nutrients together with sperm make semen (seminal fluid)
SEMINAL FLUID
Is a liquid that is 1% sperm and 99% accessory gland secretions
SEMINAL VESICLE
- Are located posterior to the bladder
- They produce a yellowish thick fluid that is emptied into the ejaculatory duct (this
curtains nourishment for the sperm and chemicals that help it sneak into the ova)
PROSTATE GLAND
- Is found just at the base of the bladder
- It produces a milky fluid that is emptied into the urethra (this particular fluid plays a
role in sperm mobility)
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
- Are just below the prostate gland
- They produce a thick clear mucus that drains into the urethra (this mucus is released
right before ejaculation to neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and in the
right lubrication)
*The seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland all produce semen but neitherhas a
purpose without the external male genitalia.
EXTERNAL MALE GENITALIA
1. PENIS
- Is the male copulatory organ
- Is designed to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract
- It is made up of attachment root and shaft
- Made up of erectile tissue (spongy connective tissue)
- This erective tissue fills up with bleed daring an erection to allow the penis to effortlessly
penetrate the vagina
2. SCROTUM
- Is a patch of darkly pigmented skin suspended near the root of the penis which houses the
testes or testicles in two compartments
- Provides an optimal environment for sperm production and tries to maintain a temperature that
is three degrees lower than body temperature
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FEMALE ANATOMY
- It is divided into:
- Ovaries
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Female Duct System
1. OVARIES
- Are the female gonads
- They are the primary female sex organs
- Its main job is to produce ova
- These female sex cells are also known as eggs
- Eggs produce the female sex hormones – estrogen and progesterone
2. ESTROGEN
- Is the female sex hormone responsible for female puberty and the maturation of the
reproductive system
3. PROGESTERONE
- Acts with estrogen to develop the breast and jumpstart menstruation
- It also maintains the right environment in the uterus for the implantation and growth of
the zygote
4. FEMALE DUCT SYSTEM
- Made up of three structures:
Uterine Tubes
Uterus
Vagina
UTERINE TUBES
- Are fallopian tubes cordially receive and conduct the ovum from the ovaries and
toward the uterus
- They also provide sites where fertilization takes place
UTERUS
- Is a hollow organ with thick walls
- It is the site of implantation of a zygote (A zygote is formed in the fallopian
tubes and housed in the uterus; its job is to receive, retain and nourish a
completely fertilized egg)
- It leads into the vagina through an opening called cervix
- These layers are the perimetrium, myometrium, and the endometrium
Perimetrium
- Outer layer
Myometrium
- Thick, muscular, middle layer
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Endometrium
- Inner layer
- Is the site where embryos are implanted
- Is where the zygote latches on
- Functional Layer
Superior or upper sub-layer of the endometrium
The layer that crumbles away during menstruation
- Basal Layer
The cell of the endometrium is eventually regenerated and replaced by
this underlying out layer
VAGINA
- Is the thin-walled tube that is the female copulatory organ
- Is also a passageway for the baby delivery and menstrual flow
EXTERNAL FEMALE GENITALIA (VULVA)
1. MONS PUBIS
- Is fatty round area overlying the pubic bone
- After puberty, it is covered with pubic hair
2. LABIA MAJORA
- Are pigmented hair covered outer fatty skin fields
- Are located posterior to the Mons Pubis (female answer to the scrotum)
3. LABIA MINORA
- Thin, delicate, inner folds covered with mucous membrane and oil
- They are completely enclosed by the Labia Majora
4. VESTIBULES
- Is an inner region completely enclosed by the Labia Minora
- This area contains the Greater Vestibular Glands and Lesser Vestibular Glands (These glands are
like the Bulbourethral Gland in the male reproductive system, they release mucus into the
vestibule in order to lubricate it during sexual intercourse)
5. CLITORIS
- Is a female erectile organ like the penis
- It is the main structure that contributes to female arousal
- Is a protruding structure made up of erectile tissue
- It has two roots and like the penis, it also has a shaft
- Is full of sensory nerve endings, like the penis, it is sensitive to the touch
6. BREAST
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- Contains number of structures that are important if you want to nourish a new born baby
MAMMARY GLAND
Are modified sweat glands contained inside the breasts
They produce the milk that nourishes the new born baby
o MILK
- Is produced by small glands and then carried by the nipples to a system of ducts
NIPPLE
- Is a structure that ejects milk
o AVEOLA
- Is the center section of the breast that surrounds the nipple
- It contains sebaceous glands which produces oil that prevents the nipple from drying up
and cracking
- Is pigmented and darkened during pregnancy
- This dark area is like a marker that helps the infants locate the milk.
