Unit - 1

Number System
 Numbers

Imaginary
Real Numbers
Numbers

Rational Irrational
Numbers Numbers

Integer Fraction
Number Number

Positive Negative
Integer Zero Integer
Number Number
• Real Numbers: - Number which are on the number scale are real numbers

• Imaginary Numbers: -Numbers which are not on the number scale. (These are the
square root of negative numbers)

Real
Number

Rational Irrational
Number Number
• Rational Number:- Numbers that can be written in the form of p/q, where
q≠0, e.g. 5/4, 11/16, -4/5

Terminating decimal fraction:- Rational

3 135 Number
e. g. = 1.5 , = 11.25
2 12

Non-terminating recurring decimal Non-terminating

fraction:- Terminating
recurring
e.g. 0.333333…., 5.5555555…, 0.68686868…. decimal fraction
decimal fraction

Irrational Number:-The number whose decimal form is non-terminating & non-

58
recurring, e.g. 2 = 14.4142135 … . , 3 = 1.7320 … . . , = 0.617021 …
94
 Rational Number

Integers (An integer is a number that can Fraction Number

be written without a fractional component.
For example, 21, 4, 0, and −2048 are
1
integers, while 9.75, 5 2, and √2 are not.)

Even Number (Numbers Odd Number (Numbers

which are divisible by 2) which are not divisible by 2)
• Question : Zero is even integer or odd integer?
• Answer:- odd number = Even number + odd number
3=0+3
As 3 is odd number we can say that 0 is even integer.

• Number:- Let AB be any 2 digit number.

AB

Digit A is at 10’s Digit B is at unit

place place

e.g. consider 78 I can write this as (7*10) + (8*1) = 78

similarly consider 694 I can write this as (6*100) + (9*10) + (4*1) = 694
face value of 9 is
9
& place value of 9 is
90.
face value of 6 is
6
& place value of 6 is
600.
• Natural number:- All counting numbers starting from 1.
e.g. 1,2,3,4,5,6,………..

• Whole number:- Number starting from 0.

e.g. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,.……..

• Prime Number:-Number which are divisible by number itself or by 1 only.

e.g. 2,3,5,7, 11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97
DD BBCBB CBA
4 4 2 2 32 2 3 2 1
2,3,5,7, 11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97
between 1 – 100 25 prime numbers
between 1 – 25 09 prime numbers
between 25 – 50 06 prime numbers
• Composite numbers:- Natural numbers other than 1 & prime number are
composite numbers.
e.g. 4,6,8,10,12,14,15…..
• Co-prime Numbers:- Two numbers A & B are said to co-prime if HCF of A &
B is 1.

Question: Which of the following is not co-prime numbers?

a) (8,15)
b) (4,2)
c) (3,4)
d) (5,6)
Answer : b

Question: How many 4 digit numbers are there?

a) 9000 9999 - 999 = 9000
b) 9900 (Largest 4 digit (Largest 3 digit
number) number)
c) 9999
d) 1099
• Question: Using digits 7,2,3,4,6 find the sum of the smallest number and largest
number?
a) 99899 b) 98998 c) 99897 d) 99898
23467 ---- smallest number
+76432 ---- largest number
---------------
99899
without adding both the numbers we can find the solution as
2 smallest digit
+ 7 largest digit
--
9 ---- option has digit 9 at unit place therefore answer is (a)
Unit Place Digit:-
Question:- 8 x 56 x 95 find the unit place digit for this multiplication?
a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6
8 x 56 x 95

5 x 6 = 30
0x8=0
Question: - Find the unit place digit in the multiplication
997 x 868 x 949 x 666 x 435
Solution:- If atleast one number has 5 at unit place digit and out of remaining number
if atleast one number has even digit at unit place then answer will be always 0.

Question:- Find the unit place digit in the multiplication

997 x 869 x 949 x 667 x 435
Solution:- If atleast one digit has 5 at unit place digit and all other number have odd
digit at the unit place then answer will be always 5.
Question:- What is the unit place digit in the expansion
a) 286156 b) 247174 c) 35461 d) 888103 𝑒) 1028100 f) 895713578548
Solution:- 0𝒏 = 0 1𝒏 = 1
2𝑛 =4 3𝒏 =4 4𝒏 =2
21 =2 31 =3 41 =4
22 =4 32 =9 42 = 16
23 =8 33 = 27 43 = 64
24 = 16 34 = 81 44 = 256
25 = 32 35 = 243
26 = 64 36 = 729
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512

No’s Frequency
0,1,5,6 Same number
2,3,7,8 4
4,9 2
a) 286156
286156 Unit place digit is 6 therefore answer will also be 6.

b) 247174
247174 Unit place digit is 7 therefore divide the power with 4.
after dividing 174 by 4 take remaining number, remainder is 2.
72 = 49. Therefore answer will be 9.
c) 35461
35461 Unit place digit is 4 therefore divide the power by 2 and take
remainder. On diving 61 with 2 remainder will be 1.
41 = 4.
d) 888103
888103 Unit place digit is 8 therefore divide the power by 4 and take
remainder. On dividing 103 by 4 we get 3 as remainder.
83 = 512.
e) 1028100
1028100 Unit place digit is 8 therefore divide the power with 4 and take
remainder. On dividing 100 with 4 we get 0 as remainder.

If unit place digit

answer will be 6
of base is even
Zero remainder
case
If unit place digit
answer will be 1
of base is odd

here unit place digit of base is 8 i.e. even digit therefore answer will be 6.
f) 27950
27950 Unit place digit is 9 therefore divide the power with 2 and take
remainder. On dividing 50 with 2 we get 0 as remainder.
Here unit place digit of base is 9 i.e. odd digit therefore answer will be 1
Question :- 146720 x777100 x 377134 Find the unit place digit?
Solution:- 146720 x777100 x 377134

Unit place digits 6 x 1 x 9 =54 therefore unit place digit will be 4.

Question:- 271 + 272 + 273 + 274 is divisible by

a) 9 b) 10 c) 11 d) 13
Solution:- Here in all four terms base is same i.e. 2 therefore we divide power with 4.
71
remainder is 3 and 23 =8
4
72
remainder is 0 base digit is even = 6
4
73
remainder is 1 and 21 =2
4
74
remainder is 2 and 22 =4
4
------------
20
therefore unit place digit will be 0 , from the given options I can say (b) is
correct
Question:- 325 + 326 + 327 + 328 is divisible by
a) 11 b) 16 c) 25 d) 30
Solution:- 325 + 326 + 327 + 328 this can be written as
325 (30 + 31 + 32 + 33 )
325 (1 + 3 + 9 + 27)
325 (40)
324 (3 x 40) = 324 (120)
120 is divisible by 30 therefore answer will be 30.
Divisibility Rule:-
Number
Rule Example
Divisible By

2 Number ending with 0,2,4,6,8 24, 1000, 5004

3 Sum of the digit is divisible by 3 972,363

1] Last two digits are 00

4 97652, 4308, 6400
2] Last two digits are divisible by 4

5 Number ending with 0 or 5 225, 50, 2770

6 Consider rule from 2 & 3

1] if number of digits are in multiple of 6

2]take last of the number and double it,
222222, 444444,203,
7 subtract this number from rest of the digits, if
2023
the obtained number is 0 or divisible by 7
then the number is divisible by 7.
 Number
Rule Example
Divisible By

3] take last digit of the number multiply it with

5, add this number with rest of the digits, if the
7 3724
number obtained is divisible by 7 then the
number is divisible by 7.

Last three digits are divisible by 8, or last three

8 9872, 58000
digits are 000,

9 Sum of digit is divisible by 9 5832, 7101

10 If the last digit of the number is 0 440, 230, 570

If the difference between sum of odd place digit

11 & sum of even place digit is either 0 or 11 or
multiple of 11.
Number divisible by 7 Rule 2
Check 203 is divisible by 7 or not.
First take last digit of 203 i.e. 3 and double it i.e. 3 x 2 = 6
remaining number is 20, subtract 6 from 20 we get 14 which is divisible by 7
therefore 203 is divisible by 7.

Check 2023 is divisible by 7 or not.

First take last digit of 2023 i.e. 3 and double it ie. 3 x 2 = 6
remaining number is 202, subtract 6 from 202 we get 196. Now it is difficult to identify
whether 196 is divisible by 7 or not, therefore repeat the same process again.
Take last digit of 196 i.e. 6 and double it i.e. 6 x 2 = 12
remaining number is 19, subtract 12 from 19 we get 7. Therefore we can say that 2023 is
divisible by 7.

Number divisible by 7 Rule 3

Check 3724 is divisible by 7 or not.
First take last digit of 3724 i.e. 4 and multiply it with 5 i.e. 4 x 5 = 20
Remaining number is 372, add 20 in 372 we get 392, repeat above steps.
Take last digit of 392 i.e. 2 and multiply it with 5 i.e. 2 x 5 = 10
remaining number is 39, add 10 in 39 we get 49 which is divisible by 7, therefore we can
say that 3724 is divisible by 7.
Number divisible by 11
Question:- If 8467x5 is divisible by 11 then x will be?
a) 1 b) 3 c) 5 d) 2
Solution:- Even place digits

8 4 6 7 x 5

Odd place digits

Add digits at odd place and even place i.e. (8+6+x) & (4+7+5)
Equate the difference of these two sum to zero, (8+6+x) - (4+7+5) = 0
Now solve it for x.
We get (14+x) – (16) = 0
14 – 16 + x = 0
x=2