SYNOPSIS
ON
OPTICAL FIBRES
SEMINAR {EED-320}
SUBMITTED BY : Bhavesh Kanav Singh
ROLL NO. – 17205
SUBMITTED TO : Mr. O.P. Rahi
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HAMIRPUR
INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL
FIBRES
Fiber optics have become the industry standard for the terrestrial
transmission of telecommunication information. Fiber optics will
continue to be a major player in the delivery of broadband services. In
an optical communications system, information from the source is
encoded into electrical signals that can drive the transmitter
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass
or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human
hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light
between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic
communications, where they permit transmission over longer
distances and at higher bandwidths than electrical cables. Specially
designed fibers are also used for a variety of other applications, some
of them being fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers.
Fiber-optic systems are also secure from data tapping, and tampering
can be detected far more easily than with metallic-based transmission
medium or free-space propagation. Furthermore, the relatively smaller
cross section of fiber-optic cables allows room for substantial growth
in the capacity of existing conduits.
APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBRES
Communication
Optical fiber is used as a medium for telecommunication
and computer networking because it is flexible and can be
bundled as cables. It is especially advantageous for long-
distance communications. This allows long distances to be
spanned with few repeaters.
Sensors
In some applications, the sensor is itself an optical fiber. In other
cases, fiber is used to connect a non-fiber optic sensor to a
measurement system. Depending on the application, fiber may
be used because of its small size, or the fact that no electrical
power is needed at the remote location.
Power transmission
Optical fiber can be used to transmit power using a photovoltaic
cell to convert the light into electricity. It is especially useful in
situations where it is desirable not to have a metallic conductor
as in the case of use near MRI machines, which produce strong
magnetic fields.
OTHER USES
They are used as light guides in medical and other applications
where bright light needs to be shown on a target without a clear
line-of-sight path.
Optical fiber can also be used in structural health monitoring.
Optical fiber is also used in imaging optics.
Fiber-optic sights for handguns, rifles, and shotguns use pieces
of optical fiber to improve visibility of markings on the sight.
Advantages of Optical Fiber
Greater Bandwidth & Faster Speep
Cheap
Thinner and Light-weighted
Higher carrying capacity
Less signal degradation
Light signals
Long Lifespan
Disadvantages of Optical Fiber
Limited Application
Low Power
Fragility
Distance
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Recent Developments in optical communication dynamic-single-
mode lasers, low-loss single-mode fibers of low dispersion and
sensitive. InGaAsP-avalanche photodiodes with fast response lead to
fiber systems with pulse rate regenerator distance products of 25
Gigabit km/s per fiber. With the wavelength multiplexing more than
3 Terabit km/s have shown to be feasible. Future developments in
coherent optical transmission, low-loss mid-infrared fibers, soliton
transmission, and integrated optics may allow even more
transmission capacity and longer distances.
CURRENT SCENARIO
In the present scenario the optical fibers are replacing the previous
modes of communication. This type of communication has a vast
application in the computer system. The slow speed of
communication in earlier time had brought on by the small bandwidth
available to existing communications networks based on the
propagation of electrical signals through metallic lines but now due to
the use of optical fibers it becomes easier.
The global demand for optical fiber cable (OFC) in 2018 is
estimated at 511 million fkm, valued at USD 7.64 billion. It is
expected to register a CAGR of over 12.26 percent to USD
13.63 billion in 2023.
Telecom is the largest consumer of OFC, contributing to more
than 40 percent of the total market value.
In the recent years, as optics has been a base on which medical
equipment are being built, the demand for fiber optic cable
exists across the healthcare industry.
Asia-Pacific is the fastest growing market, followed by
MEA. Asia-Pacific leads the overall OFC market worldwide.
