Kjeldahl Protein Distillation System: I. General Introduction

Kjeldahl protein distillation system
I. General introduction
Kjeldahl method or Kjeldahl distillation process (Danish
pronunciation: [kɛldæːˀl]) in analytical chemistry is the
method of determining the amount of nitrogen contained in
organic substances plus nitrogen in inorganic ammonium and
ammonium (NH3 / NH4 +).
This method was developed by Johan Kjeldahl in 1883.
The Kjeldahl method consists of 3 different steps: the process
of isolation, the distillation process, the titration process.
Products to be analyzed are usually milk, animal feed, food,...
II. HOW TO DETERMINE NITROGEN VOLUME BY
KJELDAHL METHOD
Inorganic chemistry with concentrated H2SO4 and catalyst,
then using strong Alkali (NaOH or KOH) to push NH 3 from
salt (NH4)2SO4 to form a free form. Quantify NH 3 with
H2SO4 0,1N.
1. Conduct experiments
Nitrogen: Add 1g of sample, 5g of catalyst (K2SO4 and
CuSO4) and 10ml of concentrated H2SO4 to the Kjeldahl flask
and heat on the stove slowly until a colorless or blue
transparent solution of CuSO4 is allowed to cool…
 Note: The inorganic process of sample in Kjelhdahl bottle

releases SO2 gas so it must be carried out in the suction element.
In the process of burning, place the bottle lying slightly on the
kitchen.
Store protein: After inorganic chemistry completely, put a little

distilled water in Kjeldahl bottle to rinse and put into 500ml
volumetric flask, rinse Kjeldahl flask and funnel several times and
then put into a volumetric flask and give about 10÷15ml 40%
NaOH and a few drops of Phenoltalein into a volumetric flask,
then add sufficient 300ml distilled water.
Prepare solution at NH3: use a pipette to add about 10ml of Boric

Acid, then install it in the system so that the tip of the birth canal is
submerged in Boric Acid solution.
Begin the process of storing protein until the solution in the flask
reaches about 150ml.
Titration: Take the flask and bring it to titration with H2SO4 0,1N.
 Calculation results:
0,0014 ×(V H 2 SO 4−V ' H 2 SO 4 )×100 × 6,25

Crude protein content ¿
m
Comment
  Stage 1: NO MATERIALS
Use concentrated sulfuric acid under Potassium Sunphate/Copper
Sunphate catalyst at high temperatures.
At that time Nitrogen in the sample turned into ammonia, other

inorganic organic compounds into CO2 and H2O along with other
gases.
Ammonia in acid turns into Ammonium NH4+ ion
Organic compounds
H2SO4 → CO2 + H2O + (NH4)2SO4 + SO2
  Stage 2: STOP
Bring samples to neutralize by alkaline NaOH 40-50%, Amonium

Sulfate converted into Amoni gas
(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH → 2NH3 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Using Boric Acid to absorb Ammonium gas
NH3 + H3BO3 → NH4+ + H2BO3–
 Stage 3: TITRATION
Amonium Borate salt is standardized with Sulfuric or Hydrogen

Cloric Acid.
The color indicator is used or the ph meter at pH = 5, ends the
titration.
H+ + H2BO3– → H3BO3
1. Devices used in Kjeldahl protein distillation method
 Protein distillers by Kjeldahl method

 Sample breaking machine
 Cabinet that removes toxic gases
 Sample calibration set
I. P
ro
te
in
Protein distillers by Kjeldahl method

In addition to the current Kjeldahl method, we can use the Dumas
method with a fast time of 3-5 minutes /sample.
III. Application
1. Some Kjeldahl protein distillers
Kjeldahl UDK 129 Kjeldahl Selecta

II. Kjeldahl protein
distillation system
automatically
III. M
a
n
u
a
2. Applications
The universality, accuracy and repeatability of the Kjeldahl
method have made it an internationally recognized method
for evaluating protein content in food and it is the standard
method for evaluating all other methods.
It is also used for assaying soil, wastewater, fertilizers and
other materials.
However, it does not give an estimate of the true protein
content, because it measures nonprotein nitrogen in addition
to nitrogen in the protein. This was evidenced by the 2007
pet food event and the Chinese milk powder case in 2008,
when Melamine, a Nitrogen-rich chemical, was added to raw
materials to counter high protein content.
In addition, different adjustment factors are needed for
different proteins to explain the different Amino Acid
sequences. Other disadvantages, such as the need to use
concentrated sulfuric acid at high temperatures and relatively
long testing time (one hour or more), compare unfavorably
with the Dumas method to measure crude protein content.
3. Sensitivity
The Kjeldahl method is less sensitive to the original version.
Other detection methods have been used to quantify NH4 +
after mineralization and distillation, achieving high
sensitivity: a stream generator in Hydride combined with an
atomic plasma emission spectrum (ICP-AES- HG, 10-25
mg / L), Potentiometric (0.1 mg of nitrogen), capillary
electrophoresis (1.5 μg / ml nitrogen), and ion
chromatography (0.5 μg / ml).
4. Limited
The Kjeldahl method does not apply to Nitrogen and Azzo
groups and Nitrogen compounds in rings (such as: pyridine,
quinoline, izoquinolin) because Nitrogen of these compounds
does not turn into Ammonium sulfate under the conditions of
this approach.

Kjeldahl Protein Distillation System: I. General Introduction

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kjeldahl Protein Distillation System: I. General Introduction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kjeldahl Protein Distillation System: I. General Introduction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kjeldahl protein distillation system

 Note: The inorganic process of sample in Kjelhdahl bottle

Store protein: After inorganic chemistry completely, put a little

Prepare solution at NH3: use a pipette to add about 10ml of Boric

0,0014 ×(V H 2 SO 4−V ' H 2 SO 4 )×100 × 6,25

At that time Nitrogen in the sample turned into ammonia, other

Ammonia in acid turns into Ammonium NH4+ ion

H2SO4 → CO2 + H2O + (NH4)2SO4 + SO2

Bring samples to neutralize by alkaline NaOH 40-50%, Amonium

(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH → 2NH3 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Using Boric Acid to absorb Ammonium gas

NH3 + H3BO3 → NH4+ + H2BO3–

Amonium Borate salt is standardized with Sulfuric or Hydrogen

1. Devices used in Kjeldahl protein distillation method

 Protein distillers by Kjeldahl method

Protein distillers by Kjeldahl method

1. Some Kjeldahl protein distillers

Kjeldahl UDK 129 Kjeldahl Selecta

You might also like