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Numerical Analysis
Lecture-6
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir
CS Dept. GCU, Lahore
February 25, 2020
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The method of False Position
Bracketing a Root
Unlike the Bisection Method, root bracketing is not
guaranteed for either Newton’s method or the Secant method.
The method of False Position (also called Regula Falsi)
generates approximations in the same manner as the Secant
method, but it includes a test to ensure that the root is
always bracketed between successive iterations.
Although it is not a method we generally recommend, it
illustrates how bracketing can be incorporated.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The method of False Position
Construction of the Method
First choose initial approximations p0 and p1 with
f (p0 ).f (p1 ) < 0.
The approximation p2 is chosen in the same manner as in the
Secant method, as the x-intercept of the line joining
(p0 , f (p0 )) and (p1 , f (p1 )).
To decide which secant line to use to compute p3 , consider
f (p2 ).f (p1 ), or more correctly sgn f (p2 ).sgnf (p1 ):
If sgn f (p2 ).sgn f (p1 ) < 0, then p1 and p2 bracket a root.
Choose p3 as the x-intercept of the line joining (p1 , f (p1 )) and
(p2 , f (p2 )).
If not, choose p3 as the x-intercept of the line joining
(p0 , f (p0 )) and (p2 , f (p2 )), and then interchange the indices
on p0 and p1 .
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The method of False Position
Construction of the Method (Contd...)
In a similar manner, once p3 is found, the sign of f (p3 ).f (p2 )
determines whether we use p2 and p3 or p3 and p1 to
compute p4 .
In the latter case, a relabeling of p2 and p1 is performed.
The relabelling ensures that the root is bracketed between
successive iterations.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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Secant Method & Method of False Position
In this illustration, the first three approximations are the same for
both methods, but the fourth approximations differ.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The Method of False Position: Algorithm
To find a solution to f (x) = 0, given the continuous function f on
the interval [p0 , p1 ] (where f (p0 ) and f (p1 ) have opposite signs)
tolerance TOL and maximum number of iterations N0 .
1 Set i = 2, q0 = f (p0 ), q1 = f (p1 )
2 While i ≤ N0 , do Step 3-7:
3 Set p = p1 − q1 (p1 − p0 )/(q1 − q0 ) (Compute pi )
4 If |p − p1 | < TOL then
OUTPUT (p); (The procedure was successful): STOP
5 Set i = i + 1; q = f (p)
6 If q.q1 < 0 then set p0 = p1 ; q0 = q1
7 Set p1 = p; q1 = q
8 OUTPUT (‘The method failed after N0 iterations,
N0 =0 , N0 );(The procedure was unsuccessful) STOP
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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False Position Method Steps
1 Find points p0 and p1 such that p0 < p1 and f (p0 ).f (p1 ) < 0.
2 Take the interval [p0 , p1 ] and
−p0
find next value p2 = p0 − f (p0 ) f (pp11)−f (p0 )
3 If f (p2 ) = 0 then p2 is an exact root,
else if f (p0 ).f (p2 ) < 0 then p1 = p2 ,
else if f (p2 ).f (p1 ) < 0 then p0 = p2 .
4 Repeat steps 2 & 3 until f (pi ) = 0.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The Method of False Position: Numerical Calculations
Comparison with Newton & Secant Methods
Use the False Position method to find a solution to x = cosx, and
compare the approximations with those given in a previous
example which Newton’s method and the Secant Method.
To make a reasonable comparison we will use the same initial
approximations as in the Secant method, that is, p0 = 0.5 and
p1 = π/4.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The Method of False Position: Numerical Calculations
Comparison with Newton’s Method & Secant Method
Note that the False Position and Secant approximations agree
through p3 and that the method of False Position requires an
additional iteration to obtain the same accuracy as the Secant
method.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
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The method of False Position
Final Remarks
The added insurance of the method of False Position
commonly requires more calculation than the Secant method,
...
just as the simplification that the Secant method provides
over Newton’s method usually comes at the expense of
additional iterations.
Dr. Ilyas Fakhir Numerical Analysis
