Email
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For the company, see Email Limited. "Inbox" redirects here; for the Google product, see Inbox by
Gmail.
This screenshot shows the "Inbox" page of an email client; users can see new emails and take actions, such as
reading, deleting, saving, or responding to these messages.
The at sign, a part of every SMTP email address[1]
Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people
using electronic devices. Email entered limited use in the 1960s, but users could only send to users
of the same computer, and some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both
be online simultaneously, similar to instant messaging. Ray Tomlinson is credited as the inventor of
email; in 1971, he developed the first system able to send mail between users on different hosts
across the ARPANET, using the @ sign to link the user name with a destination server. By the mid-
1970s, this was the form recognized as email.
Email operates across computer networks, primarily the Internet. Today's email systems are based
on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither
the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect,
typically to a mail server or a webmail interface to send or receive messages or download it.
Originally an ASCII text-only communications medium, Internet email was extended by Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) to carry text in other character sets and multimedia content
attachments. International email, with internationalized email addresses using UTF-8, is
standardized but not widely adopted.[2]
The history of modern Internet email services reaches back to the early ARPANET, with standards
for encoding email messages published as early as 1973 (RFC 561). An email message sent in the
early 1970s is similar to a basic email sent today.
Contents
1Terminology
2Origin
3Operation
4Message format
o 4.1Message header
4.1.1Header fields
o 4.2Message body
4.2.1Content encoding
4.2.2Plain text and HTML
5Servers and client applications
o 5.1Filename extensions
o 5.2URI scheme mailto
6Types
o 6.1Web-based email
o 6.2POP3 email servers
o 6.3IMAP email servers
o 6.4MAPI email servers
7Uses
o 7.1Business and organizational use
7.1.1Email marketing
o 7.2Personal use
7.2.1Personal computer
7.2.2Mobile
7.2.3Declining use among young people
8Issues
o 8.1Attachment size limitation
o 8.2Information overload
o 8.3Spam
o 8.4Malware
o 8.5Email spoofing
o 8.6Email bombing
o 8.7Privacy concerns
o 8.8Legal contracts
o 8.9Flaming
o 8.10Email bankruptcy
o 8.11Internationalization
o 8.12Tracking of sent mail
9See also
10Notes
11References
12Further reading
13External links