Interfacing Techniques

Lecture 2

Sa’id Ibrahim
Engineering Department
Palestine Technical College
Deir El-Balah
Eng. Sa’id Ibrahim Abu Al-Roos 1
 Interfacing Technology

Frequency

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 Interfacing Overview

Computer Interface Peripheral

•Wires •LEDs
•ICs •Sensors
•Resistors •Motors
•Capacitors •Lights
•Transistors •Robots
•Connectors •Joystick
•Music Box
•Touch Device

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 Data Acquisition

Data Acquisition (DAQ) is the process that involves receiving signals

from events that occur in the real world. This includes analog values
such as temperature, vibrations, pressure and other physical measu
rements, as well as digital signals such as push-buttons or switches.

Data Acquisition is the process of :

• Acquiring signals from real-world phenomena

• Digitizing the signals
• Analyzing, presenting and saving the data

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 Data Acquisition and Control Systems

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 Typical data acquisition and control system

Timer
Digital control
circuit

Sensor Sample
Op-amp filter A/D
&
Hold
Computer
Mechanical Power
D/A
device circuit

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 PC Based Interfacing

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 constant pressure pump

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 Computer and Interfacing
• What is a computer?
– Stores, Processes, Translates Information
– Digital Signal Processor
• Number Cruncher, I/O Processor
• Computer Architecture
– ALU, Control, Memory, I/O
– Interface - Computer(I/O) and Real World
• Why Interface?
– Electric Compatibility
– Protocol Compatibility (Language, Synchro, Timing)
– Time Buffering
• Instrument Control and Data Acquisition

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 Interfacing - Hardware
• How can we interface each of these types of signals to a
computer?
– Voltage
• Compare to a reference voltage
– Current
• Pass it through a reference resistor, measure the voltage acr
oss the resistor
– Resistance
• Use a fixed resistor to make a voltage divider, measure the
voltage across one of the resistors

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 Interfacing - Hardware
• Voltage
– Compare to a reference voltage

– Most microcontroller boards have 0-5V input lines. The 5V

reference is internal to the board.

– If your device outputs a voltage higher than the input range,

use a voltage divider to measure a fraction of it.

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 Interfacing - Hardware
• Voltage divider:

Vout R2

V1 R1  R2 

Figure from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/voldiv.html

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 Interfacing - Hardware
• Current:
– Pass it through a reference resistor, measure the voltage across the
resistor

V  IR

Figure from http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/allkb/82508CD693197EA68625629700677B70

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 Interfacing - Hardware
• Resistance:
– Use a fixed resistor to make a voltage divider, measure the voltage
across one of the resistors

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 Interfacing – Hardware
• Higher-level interfacing.
– Complicated sensors (cameras, GPS, INS, etc.) usually inclu
de processing electronics and provide a high-level output (U
SB, firewire, RS-232, RS-485, ethernet, etc.)

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 Raspberry PI Interfacing

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 For Raspberry PI Interfacing Visit http://exploringrpi.com

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 Doing the Math
From Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
VR  VT  VLED
VT  VR  VLED
 52
From Ohm’s Law

VR
R  3V
IR VR
R
IR
IR  ILED  20 mA 3V

Currents equal in a series cct 0.020 A
 150 
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 Motor Control
9V 2N3904
C
B
D0
E

M TIP31

(A stepper motor would require more outputs)

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 The Programming

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 Turning On the LEDs

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 Turning Off the LED
• Outportb(0x378,0);

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 Java: Preparing for Interfacing
• Download http://www.geocities.com/Juanga69
/parport/parport-win32.zip
• Extract the parport folder to your classes folder
• Copy parport.dll to you bin folder
• import parport.ParallelPort;
• ParallelPort lpt1 = new ParallelPort (0x378);

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 Java: Output
ParallelPort lpt1 = new ParallelPort
(0x378);
int byteVal = 255;
lpt1.write(byteVal);
System.out.println("Output to port: "
+ byteVal);

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 Java: Input
ParallelPort portIn = new ParallelPort
(0x378);
int in;
in = portIn.read ();
System.out.println (in + " is currentl
y being input.");

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 Java Delay Method
private static void delay (int mS)
{
try {
Thread.sleep (mS);
}
catch (Exception e) {
;
}
}

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 Delphi: Preparing for Interfacing
• Download io.dll from http://geekhideout.
com/downloads/io.dll
• Copy into project folder

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 Delphi: Output
procedure PortOut(Port : Word; Data : Byte);
stdcall; external 'io.dll';

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject

);
begin
PortOut(888,1);
end;

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 Delphi: Input
function PortIn(Port:Word):Byte; stdcall; exte
rnal 'io.dll';

procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject)

;
var
InValue : Byte;
begin
InValue := PortIn(889);
label1.Caption := IntToStr(InValue);
end;

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 Delphi Delay Procedure
procedure xSleep(milliseconds: LongIn
t);
var iTemp : Longint;
Begin
iTemp:= GetTickCount + milliseconds
;
while GetTickCount < iTemp
do
Application.ProcessMessages
End;
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 Assembler: Output
MOV DX,0378H
MOV AL,n
OUT DX,AL

Where n is the value you want to output.

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 Matlab Interface code

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 Resources

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 Web Resources
• http://www.epanorama.net/circuits/parall
el_output.html
• http://www.lvr.com/jansfaq.htm
• http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~ih/doc/par/
• http://www.southwest.com.au/~jfuller/d
elphi/delphi1.htm

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 Textbook References
• Practical Data Acquisition for Instrumentati
on and Control
• Signal Conditioning & Pc Based Data Acqui
sition Handbook
• Interfacing with C++
• Interfacing Sensors To The PC
• Digital.Interface.Handbook
• Analog_Interfacing_to_Embedded_Micropro
cessors
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