Colloque ENSM, Marseille, 17-18 January 2012
Contents
• Introduction
• CO2 emissions and future targets
• Energy efficiency and emission reduction
• Tankers
• Containerships
• Design and operational measures
• Determination of EEOI
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 2
Who we are
• The A.P. Moller - Maersk Group is a diversified
conglomerate, founded in 1904 by Mr A.P.
Møller
• 110,000 employees and operations in more
than 130 countries
• Business segments:
• Container shipping, Logistics
• Tankers
• Offshore supply
• Tugs, salvage
• Container terminals
• Drilling and FPSOs
• Oil and gas production
• Retail activities
• Other companies
Colloque,
PAGE 3 Marseille
Historical development of the Maersk fleet
S.S. Svendborg, 1904: first vessel in the Maersk fleet
Robert Maersk, 1920: first vessel delivered by Odense Steel
Shipyard
Leise Maersk, 1921: first motor vessel delivered by OSS
Emma Maersk, 1928: first tanker in the fleet
Gertrude Maersk, 1930: first purpose built liner vessel (OSS)
Henning Maersk, 1945: first fully welded vessel (OSS)
Eli Maersk, 1966: first ship with waste heat
recovery system (OSS)
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 4
Novel vessels in the Maersk fleet
Svendborg Maersk, 1974: first container Eleo Maersk, 1993: world’s first double hull
ship (1815 TEU) tanker (OSS)
World records in shipuilding:
• Regina Mærsk: 1996, official capacity 6,000 TEU
• Sovereign Mærsk: 1997, official capacity 6,600 TEU
• Emma Mærsk: 2006, capacity 15,500 TEU
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 5
Ambitious Targets on GHG Reductions …
% CO2 per TEU-km since 2007
Maersk Line fleet
100
Relative emission targets
• Maersk Line:
90 25% reduction of g CO2 per
CO2 index wrt 2007
TEU-km from 2007 to 2020
80
• Maersk Tankers:
70
15% reduction per tonne-
60 km from 2007 to 2015
50
2007 2008 2009 2010
Colloque, Marseille
Slide no. 6
Hull form optimization
Reference Hull
Optimized Hull,
Bulbous Bow
Optimized Hull,
Vertical Bow
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 7
Bulbous Bow: Minimize Wave Restistance
Reference Vessel
New Vessel
Bulbous Bow
New Vessel
Vertical Bow
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 8
Optimized Aft Body Improves Wake Field
Wake Field for Reference Vessel Wake Field for New Aft Body
• Large variation in wake velocities in way of • Reduced variation in wake velocities in way of
Propeller Disk. Propeller Disk ensures better propeller design
and performance
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 9
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
Formula:
IMO EEDI Base Line - Tankers
8.00
IMO EEDI Base Line for Tankers
EEDI [g-CO2 / DWT-nm]
7.00 Reference Vessel - MAERSK EDWARD
K-Class Vessels
6.00
R-Class Vessels
New Vessel - Bulbous Bow
5.00
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000
DWT [tonnes]
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 10
Innovation projects on the Maersk fleet
Maersk Attender
Crane pendulation
Thurø Maersk Maersk Kendal Jeppesen Maersk
BWTS testing Ventilation optimization Auto-tuning of main engine
Emma Maersk
Aux. engine waste
heat
Maersk Kalmar Olivia Maersk Alexander Maersk
Biofuel Air lubrication Exhaust gas recirculation
Gudrun Maersk
Main eng. cooling systems
Roy Maersk
CLT Propeller
Laura Maersk Maersk Kate
HT Pump optimization Propeller boss cap fin
Maersk Belfast Arthur Maersk
Water based hydraulics Cylinder lube oil reduction
Clementine Maersk
CRS autologging and
performance prediction
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 11
Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator
EEOI = gCO2/tonne x nm
Considerations for setting
targets
• Fuel efficiency
• Utilization
• Operational efficiency
• Asset management
• Time chartered fleet
• Baseline data
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 12
EEOI Technical
Fuel Efficiency
grams CO2 Optimization
tonnes cargo × distance Innovation
grams CO2
tonnes cargo distance
Commercial Operational
Utilisation Speed
# fixtures Harbour Efficiency
Speed Virtual Arrival
Assets
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 13
Speed and drafts of one vessel during 1 year
Average speed
Average draft
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 14
EEOI of one vessel during 1 year
1 month EEOI
EEOI (voyage leg)
EEOI (1 months)
12 month EEOI
Colloque,
Marseille Slide no. 15
Average fleet EEOI
1, 6 and 12 month average for all vessels in same segment
• Suggest 12 month rolling average per vessel
• Methodology for inputs to be confirmed
• Any particular vessel is rated against pool average
• Maersk Tankers is working with other Tanker companies to create an online EEOI
database with a rating scheme similar to current one on www.shippingefficiency.org
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 16
Energy Efficiency
- Examples of how we minimize Energy Consumption of the Fleet
Operation (~5%)
Voyage Planning and Execution
Vessel Performance Management Service
Reefer Containers
- Optimisation of main and auxiliary engines Low energy reefer containers
~ 30% saving per reefer container
- Minimising of basic load consumption
- Optimisation of cylinder oil consumption
- Monitoring of antifouling paint
- Cleaning of hull and propeller
Optimum trim guidance for all vessel classes
Ballast water optimisation
Systems (~5%)
Electronically controlled engine
Auto tuning of main engines
New buildings (~20%) Pumps and ventilation systems
Waste Heat Recovery System De-rating of main engine
Super long stroke engines Turbo-charger cut out
Hull and propeller optimised for
operational profile
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 17
Waste heat recovery from main engine
• Recover approx. 10% of engine
output
• Reduction of fuel consumption and
exhaust gas emissions by 10%
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 18
Maersk Line – Super Slow Steaming development
• Although the full rollout of Super Slow
Steaming was introduced fleet wide in
January 2009, the process had started two
years earlier, as shown above.
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 19
Slow Steaming: change in engine load profile
Operational profile vinter 2007/8
30% Ex 1: Actual operational data winter 2007-2008
Average of 8 vessels over 6 months
Percent operating hrs
25%
20% Average speed 22.1 kn
15%
Index
10%
5% Capacity per vessel, TEU*km 100
0% Yearly FOC per vessel 100
0 12 16 18 20 22 23 24 25 26
Vessel speed [kn] NOx emission g/[TEU*km] 100
Operational profile vinter 2008/9 Ex 2: Actual operational data winter 2008-2009
30%
Averaged over 6 months
Percent operating hrs
25%
Average speed 20.2 kn
20%
15% Index
10%
Capacity per vessel, TEU*km 91,4
5%
0% Yearly FOC per vessel 80,7
0 12 15 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Vessel speed [kn] NOx emission g/[TEU*km] 87,5
• Slow steaming does not exclude sailing at higher speeds – speed
reserve is necessary to compensate for delays or conduct certain
network legs at high speed. Flexibility is key.
PAGE 20Marseille
Colloque,
Sulfur regulations in 2015 and 2020 (2025*)
Overview of main sulphur limit regulations
Sulphur limit, %
5.0
4.5
IMO Global
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
Mid 2012:
2.0 Expansion of ECA IMO Emission
to include NAM** Control Areas
1.5 (ECA)
1.0
0.5
EU at berth
0.0 Year
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Order of magn.
cost increase for $ x mill $x00 mill $x,000 mill
fleet
(Mill USD/year)
* 2020 reduction may be delayed to 2025 subject to review of fuel availability in 2018
** ECA areas comprise Baltics, North Sea and UK Channel. From Mid 2012 they also include North America
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 21
ECA Operation
• ECA Operation is defined as the average percentage of
time spent in an Emission Control Area, where it is
required to switch to Low Sulphur fuel (LSFO) or use
equivalent (abatement) measures to reduce SOx
emissions
• Abatement technologies allow continued operation with
HFO
• CAPEX, OPEX (increased fuel consumption)
• Two most common wet scrubber types: straight
through-flow and Venturi type:
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 22
TripleE Class
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 24
EEE Dimensions
• Length: 400 m
• Beam: 59 m
• Height: 73 m
• Capacity: 18,000 TEU
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 25
EEE: Technology driven design
• Larger block coefficient
• Hull lines optimized for
operational profile
• Split machinery and
accommodation
• Twin skeg design
• Super-long-stroke engines
• Waste heat recovery
• High efficiency pumps,
ventilation, etc.
• 98% recyclable materials
Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 26
Thank you for
your attention
Slide
Colloque,
no. 27
Marseille
