Conversion
Conversion is the word formation process in which a word of one grammatical
form becomes a word of another grammatical form without any changes to
spelling or pronunciation. For example, the noun email appeared in English
before the verb: a decade ago I would have sent you an email (noun) whereas
now I can either send you an email (noun) or simply email (verb) you. The
original noun email experienced conversion, thus resulting in the new verb
email.
Noun to Verb Conversion
The most productive form of conversion in English is noun to verb conversion.
The following list provides examples of verbs converted from nouns:
Noun – Verb
access – to access
bottle – to bottle
can – to can
closet – to closet
email – to email
eye – to eye
fiddle – to fiddle
fool – to fool
Google – to google
host – to host
knife – to knife
microwave – to microwave
name – to name
pocket – to pocket
salt – to salt
shape – to shape
ship – to ship
spear – to spear
torch – to torch
verb – to verb
For example:
My grandmother bottled (verb) the juice and canned (verb) the pickles.
My grandmother put the juice in a bottle (noun) and the pickles in a can
(noun).
She microwaved (verb) her lunch.
She heated her lunch in the microwave (noun).
The doctor eyed (verb) my swollen eye (noun).
Verb to Noun Conversion
Another productive form of conversion in English is verb to noun conversion.
The following list provides examples of nouns converted from verbs:
Verb – Noun
to alert – alert
to attack – attack
to call – call
to clone – clone
to command – command
to cover – cover
to cry – cry
to experience – experience
to fear – fear
to feel – feel
to hope – hope
to increase – increase
to judge – judge
to laugh – laugh
to rise – rise
to run – run
to sleep – sleep
to start – start
to turn – turn
to visit – visit
For example:
The guard alerted (verb) the general to the attack (noun).
The enemy attacked (verb) before an alert (noun) could be sounded.
Sometimes one just needs a good cry (noun).
The baby cried (verb) all night.
We need to increase (verb) our productivity to see an increase (noun) in
profits.
Other Conversions
Conversion also occurs, although less frequently, to and from other
grammatical forms.
For example:
adjective to verb: green → to green (to make environmentally friendly)
preposition to noun: up, down → the ups and downs of life
conjunction to noun: if, and, but → no ifs, ands, or buts
interjection to noun: ho ho ho → I love the ho ho hos of Christmas,me.