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Problem 1

This document contains 10 solid rocket motor design problems and their solutions. The problems calculate burn rate and product generation rate, ideal propellant density, exhaust velocity, specific impulse, nozzle throat area, combustion chamber dimensions, and total rocket velocity. Key equations from rocket propulsion are used in the solutions, which provide numerical values for burn rate, velocities, densities, areas, and total rocket velocity.

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Keerthi Jeya
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175 views6 pages

Problem 1

This document contains 10 solid rocket motor design problems and their solutions. The problems calculate burn rate and product generation rate, ideal propellant density, exhaust velocity, specific impulse, nozzle throat area, combustion chamber dimensions, and total rocket velocity. Key equations from rocket propulsion are used in the solutions, which provide numerical values for burn rate, velocities, densities, areas, and total rocket velocity.

Uploaded by

Keerthi Jeya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM 1

A solid rocket motor burns along the face of a central cylindrical channel 10
meters long and 1 meter in diameter. The propellant has a burn rate coefficient
of 5.5, a pressure exponent of 0.4, and a density of 1.70 g/ml. Calculate the
burn rate and the product generation rate when the chamber pressure is 5.0
MPa.

SOLUTION,

Given: a = 5.5
n = 0.4
Pc = 5.0 MPa
p = 1.70 g/ml
Ab = × 1 × 10 = 31.416 m2

Equation (1.36),

r = a × Pcn
r = 5.5 × 5.00.4 = 10.47 mm/s

Equation (1.37),

q = p × Ab × r
q = 1.70 × 31.416 × 10.47 = 559 kg/s

PROBLEM 2

Calculate the ideal density of a solid rocket propellant consisting of 68%


ammonium perchlorate, 18% aluminum, and 14% HTPB by mass.

SOLUTION,

Given: wAP = 0.68


wAl = 0.18
wHTPB = 0.14

From Properties of Rocket Propellants we have,

AP = 1.95 g/ml
Al =2.70 g/ml
HTPB = ≈0.93 g/ml

Equation (1.38),

p = 1 / i (w / )i
p = 1 / [(0.68 / 1.95) + (0.18 / 2.70) + (0.14 / 0.93)]
p = 1.767
PROBLEM 3

A rocket engine burning liquid oxygen and kerosene operates at a mixture ratio
of 2.26 and a combustion chamber pressure of 50 atmospheres. If the nozzle is
expanded to operate at sea level, calculate the exhaust gas velocity relative
to the rocket.

SOLUTION,

Given: O/F = 2.26


Pc = 50 atm
Pe = Pa = 1 atm

From LOX/Kerosene Charts we estimate,

Tc = 3,470 K
M = 21.40
k = 1.221

Equation (1.22),

Ve = SQRT[ (2 × k / (k - 1)) × (R* × Tc / M) × (1 - (Pe / Pc)(k-1)/k) ]


Ve = SQRT[ (2 × 1.221 / (1.221 - 1)) × (8,314.46 × 3,470 / 21.40) × (1 - (1 / 50)(1.221-
1)/1.221
)]
Ve = 2,749 m/s

PROBLEM 4
A rocket engine produces a thrust of 1,000 kN at sea level with a propellant
flow rate of 400 kg/s. Calculate the specific impulse.

SOLUTION,

Given: F = 1,000,000 N
q = 400 kg/s

Equation (1.23),

Isp = F / (q × g)
Isp = 1,000,000 / (400 × 9.80665)
Isp = 255 s (sea level)

PROBLEM 5
A rocket engine uses the same propellant, mixture ratio, and combustion chamber
pressure as that in problem 1.5. If the propellant flow rate is 500 kg/s,
calculate the area of the exhaust nozzle throat.

SOLUTION,

Given: Pc = 50 × 0.101325 = 5.066 MPa


Tc = 3,470<sup.o< sup=""> K
M = 21.40
k = 1.221
q = 500 kg/s

Equation (1.27),

Pt = Pc × [1 + (k - 1) / 2]-k/(k-1)
Pt = 5.066 × [1 + (1.221 - 1) / 2]-1.221/(1.221-1)
Pt = 2.839 MPa = 2.839×106 N/m2

Equation (1.28),

Tt = Tc / (1 + (k - 1) / 2)
Tt = 3,470 / (1 + (1.221 - 1) / 2)
Tt = 3,125 K

Equation (1.26),

At = (q / Pt) × SQRT[ (R* × Tt) / (M × k) ]


At = (500 / 2.839×106) × SQRT[ (8,314.46 × 3,125) / (21.40 × 1.221) ]
At = 0.1756 m2

</sup.o<>
PROBLEM 6

The rocket engine in problem 1.7 is optimized to operate at an elevation of 2000


meters. Calculate the area of the nozzle exit and the section ratio.

SOLUTION,

Given: Pc = 5.066 MPa


At = 0.1756 m2
k = 1.221

From Atmosphere Properties,

Pa = 0.0795 MPa

Equation (1.29),

Nm2 = (2 / (k - 1)) × [(Pc / Pa)(k-1)/k - 1]


Nm2 = (2 / (1.221 - 1)) × [(5.066 / 0.0795)(1.221-1)/1.221 - 1]
Nm2 = 10.15
Nm = (10.15)1/2 = 3.185

Equation (1.30),
Ae = (At / Nm) × [(1 + (k - 1) / 2 × Nm2)/((k + 1) / 2)](k+1)/(2(k-1))
Ae = (0.1756 / 3.185) × [(1 + (1.221 - 1) / 2 × 10.15)/((1.221 + 1) / 2)](1.221+1)/(2(1.221-1))
Ae = 1.426 m2

Section Ratio,

Ae / At = 1.426 / 0.1756 = 8.12

PROBLEM 7
For the rocket engine in problem 1.7, calculate the volume and dimensions of a
possible combustion chamber. The convergent cone half-angle is 20 degrees.

SOLUTION,

Given: At = 0.1756 m2 = 1,756 cm2


Dt = 2 × (1,756/ )1/2 = 47.3 cm
= 20o

From Table 1,

L* = 102-127 cm for LOX/RP-1, let's use 110 cm

Equation (1.33),

Vc = At × L*
Vc = 1,756 × 110 = 193,160 cm3

From Figure 1.7,

Lc = 66 cm (second-order approximation)

Equation (1.35),

Dc = SQRT[(Dt3 + 24/ × tan × Vc) / (Dc + 6 × tan × Lc)]


Dc = SQRT[(47.33 + 24/ × tan(20) × 193,160) / (Dc + 6 × tan(20) × 66)]
Dc = 56.6 cm (four interations)

PROBLEM 8

A solid rocket motor burns along the face of a central cylindrical channel 10
meters long and 1 meter in diameter. The propellant has a burn rate coefficient
of 5.5, a pressure exponent of 0.4, and a density of 1.70 g/ml. Calculate the
burn rate and the product generation rate when the chamber pressure is 5.0
MPa.

SOLUTION,
Given: a = 5.5
n = 0.4
Pc = 5.0 MPa
p = 1.70 g/ml
Ab = × 1 × 10 = 31.416 m2

Equation (1.36),

r = a × Pcn
r = 5.5 × 5.00.4 = 10.47 mm/s

Equation (1.37),

q = p × Ab × r
q = 1.70 × 31.416 × 10.47 = 559 kg/s

PROBLEM 9

Calculate the ideal density of a solid rocket propellant consisting of 68%


ammonium perchlorate, 18% aluminum, and 14% HTPB by mass.

SOLUTION,

Given: wAP = 0.68


wAl = 0.18
wHTPB = 0.14

From Properties of Rocket Propellants we have,

AP = 1.95 g/ml
Al = 2.70 g/ml
HTPB = ≈0.93 g/ml

Equation (1.38),

p = 1 / i (w / )i
p = 1 / [(0.68 / 1.95) + (0.18 / 2.70) + (0.14 / 0.93)]
p = 1.767
PROBLEM 10
A two-stage rocket has the following masses: 1st-stage propellant mass 120,000
kg, 1st-stage dry mass 9,000 kg, 2nd-stage propellant mass 30,000 kg, 2nd-stage
dry mass 3,000 kg, and payload mass 3,000 kg. The specific impulses of the
1st and 2nd stages are 260 s and 320 s respectively. Calculate the rocket's
total V.

SOLUTION,

Given: Mo1 = 120,000 + 9,000 + 30,000 + 3,000 + 3,000 = 165,000 kg


Mf1 = 9,000 + 30,000 + 3,000 + 3,000 = 45,000 kg
Isp1 = 260 s
Mo2 = 30,000 + 3,000 + 3,000 = 36,000 kg
Mf2 = 3,000 + 3,000 = 6,000 kg
Isp2 = 320 s

Equation (1.24),

C1 = Isp1g
C1 = 260 × 9.80665 = 2,550 m/s

C2 = Isp2g
C2 = 320 × 9.80665 = 3,138 m/s

Equation (1.39),

V1 = C1 × LN[ Mo1 / Mf1 ]


V1 = 2,550 × LN[ 165,000 / 45,000 ]
V1 = 3,313 m/s

V2 = C2 × LN[ Mo2 / Mf2 ]


V2 = 3,138 × LN[ 36,000 / 6,000 ]
V2 = 5,623 m/s

Equation (1.40),

VTotal = V1 + V2
VTotal = 3,313 + 5,623
VTotal = 8,936 m/s

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