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Transformer Testing Techniques

The Sumpner's test, also called the back-to-back test, is used to determine the regulation, efficiency, and heating characteristics of two identical transformers under load. It involves connecting the primaries of the two transformers in parallel to the same AC supply, and connecting the secondaries so their potentials oppose each other, allowing load current to flow. Power measurements allow determining the copper and iron losses of each individual transformer under different load conditions without using an external load. This test provides data on transformer performance and heating under various loads.

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387 views2 pages

Transformer Testing Techniques

The Sumpner's test, also called the back-to-back test, is used to determine the regulation, efficiency, and heating characteristics of two identical transformers under load. It involves connecting the primaries of the two transformers in parallel to the same AC supply, and connecting the secondaries so their potentials oppose each other, allowing load current to flow. Power measurements allow determining the copper and iron losses of each individual transformer under different load conditions without using an external load. This test provides data on transformer performance and heating under various loads.

Uploaded by

shantanu kumar Baral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3/30/2020 Back-to-Back Test on Transformer | Technical Books Pdf

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Back-to-Back Test on Transformer

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Sumpner’s Test Or Back-To-Back Test On Transformer


Sumpner’s test provides data for nding the regulation, e ciency and heating under load conditions and is employed only when two similar
transformers are available.The O.C. and S.C. tests give us the equivalent circuit parameters but can not give heating information under various load
conditions.The Sumpner’s test requires two identical transformers.One transformer is loaded on the other and both are connected to supply. The
power taken from the supply is that necessary for supplying the losses of both transformers and the negligibly small loss in the control
circuit. Sumpner’s test is also called as back to back test on transformers because of connections are in parallel at input side and connections are
in series at output side.
Procedure Sumpner’s Test on Transformers :

As shown in Fig, primaries of the two transformers are connected in parallel across the same a.c. supply. With switch S open, the wattmeter
W1 reads the core loss for the two transformers.

Finding Losses With Sumpner’s Test On Transformer

The secondaries are so connected that their potentials are in opposition to each other. This would so if VAB = VCD and A is joined to C whilst B is
joined to D. In that case, there would be no secondary current owing around the loop formed by the two secondaries. T is an auxiliary low-voltage
transformer[Regulation Transformer].which can be adjusted to give a variable voltage and hence current in the secondary loop circuit. By proper
adjustment of T, full-load secondary current I2 can be made to ow as shown. It is seen, that I2  ows from D to C and then from A to B. Flow of I1 is
con ned to the loop FEJLGHMF and it does not pass through W1. Hence, W1continues to read the core loss and W2 measures full-load Cu loss (or
at any other load current value I2). Obviously, the power taken in is twice the losses of a single transformer.

i.e. copper loss per transformer PCu = W2/2.


i.e. iron loss per transformer Pi = W1/2.

From results of sumpner’s test, the full load e ciency of each transformer can be given as

Advantages of Sumpner’s Test

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3/30/2020 Back-to-Back Test on Transformer | Technical Books Pdf
1.Low  power is required to conduct this test. Because no external load is connecting
2.Full load copper losses and iron losses of both transformers determined.
3.Increase in  transformer temperature can be found.

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