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Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors: Contributing Factors

Predisposing factors included the patient being a 1 week old male. Precipitating factors were prematurity and subcostal and suprasternal retractions. Contributing factors were various bacteria and viruses that could cause pneumonia through inhalation of infected droplets and penetration into the lower respiratory tract. This led to inflammation, impaired gas exchange, and ultimately hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and decreased oxygen transport.

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Ken Simon
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193 views6 pages

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors: Contributing Factors

Predisposing factors included the patient being a 1 week old male. Precipitating factors were prematurity and subcostal and suprasternal retractions. Contributing factors were various bacteria and viruses that could cause pneumonia through inhalation of infected droplets and penetration into the lower respiratory tract. This led to inflammation, impaired gas exchange, and ultimately hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and decreased oxygen transport.

Uploaded by

Ken Simon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Precipitating factors: Contributing factors:

Predisposing factors:
➢ Preterm
➢ Bacteria
➢ 1 week old ➢ Subcostal and
a. Streptococcus P.
➢ Male suprasternal
b. Chlamydophila P.
retractions
c. Legionella
Pneumophilia

➢ Virus
a. Influenza A&B virus
b. RSV

➢ Fungi

Microorganism enters the respiratory


tract through inhalation of infected
droplets

Penetration of the lower respiratory


tract (lungs). From nasopharynx to
bronchial trees

Adherence of organism in
the alveolar wall

Organism multiplies and releases


damaging toxins (Pneumolysin)

`
Inflammation occurs

Damaged cells release inflammatory


mediators (Systemic response)

Narrowing of bronchial tree

Histamine (released by
Mast Cell)
Obstruction of airways Ineffective Breathing Pattern

Contraction of smooth
allergic reaction Dilation of
muscle tissue in the
Poor Ventilation (anaphylaxis) blood vessels
lungs

Impaired Gas Exchange Tissue swelling Increase permeability


(Inflamed and causing cells and fluid
fluid filled to leak
alveolar sacs)
Increase work breathing

Migrate to the site of infection

Wheezing Dyspnea
Decrease
Wheezing Wheezing
alveolar O2,
poor ventilation, WBC’s fight the microorganisms
and poor (S. Pneumoniae)
Decrease oxygen
oxygenation of
saturation
blood

Pus formation
g g
Oxygen limitation
reduce metabolism
and body temperature Sputum production

`
Behavioral Increase in behavioral Physiological responses
selection of lower responses that facilitate that preferentially dumb Irritates the goblet cells
temperature heat loss core heat to the periphery

Goblet cells produces


and secrete more mucus

HYPOTHERMIA
Airway is damaged
including cilia due to
sputum build up

Hypoxemia
Ineffective airway clearance
Bronchospasm

Low levels of CO2 in the


lungs
Ineffective cough

Alveolar hypercapnia

Excessive uses of
High alveolar CO2 Low Oxygen levels respiratory muscles

Atelectasis

Respiratory muscle fatigue


Arterial hypoxemia
and hypercapnia

Decrease transportation
of oxygen

Activity intolerance

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