EXPERIMENT # 5
WATER ANALYSIS: SOLIDS
NAME: AGUSTIN, SETH JARL G. CM011L/A3
PROGRAM/YEAR: CE - 1 DOP: APRIL 9, 2020
GROUP N0. 3 DOS: APRIL 28, 2020
PRELIM DATA SHEET: /50
COVER: /10
OBJECTIVE: /10
REPORT SHEET: /20
CONCLUSION: /10
ELIZABETH ESPIRITU TOTAL: /100
PROFFESOR
EXPERIMENT # 5
WATER ANALYSIS: SOLIDS
OBJECTIVES:
1. TO DETERMINE THE TOTAL, DISSOLVED, AND
SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN A WATER SAMPLE.
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2. TO DETERMINE THE IONS, PRESENT IN THE SOLIDS
OF A WATER SAMPLE.
PRELABORATORY ASSIGNMENT:
1. List several anions, by formula, that contribute to the salinity of a water sample.
There are several anions that can contribute to the salinity of a water sample
,and such are Cl⁻ (chloride), SO₄²⁻ (sulfate), CO₃²⁻ (carbonate), Br⁻ (bromide),
NO₃⁻ (nitrate), HCO₃²⁻ (bicarbonate).
2. Distinguish between and characterize total dissolved solids (TDS) and total
suspended solids (TSS) in a water sample.
TDS belongs to freshwater systems and considered as salinity that includes
some of the ions whereas TSS are solids in water that can be trapped by a
filter. TDS are total amount of mobile charged ions all organic and inorganic
substances minerals, salts in the form of molecular, ionized and or micro
granules dissolved in a given volume of water and expressed in milligram per
litre of water (mg/L). On the other hand TSS contributes to all the suspended
particles that cant be filtered out such as silt, decaying plant and animal
matter, industrial wastes, and sewage. High concentrations of suspended
solids can cause many problems for organisms health and aquatic life.
3. Experimental Procedure, Part A.2c, d. Explain why a "cool flame" is important in
heating a solution to dryness.
Hot flames that means a high temperature flame tend to burn the substance
present in the solution and may cause bumping of the solution hot spots. So it
is always prefered to heat the solution at a relatively cooler flame to avoid any
superheated or overheated liquid. It is speacily advised when someone is
doing a scale up i.e a quantitative work in the laboratory. for example the
evaporation of Dichloromethaneon rota evaporator. However the flame
temperature also depends upon the nature of solvent present in the solution
that is further related to the boling point of that particular solvent.
4. a. What is an aliquot of a sample?
Aliquot of a sample is defined as the portions of total amount of liquid.
When a sample is splited in to two or more parts then those parts are knows
as aliquot.
b. What is the filtrate in a gravity filtration procedure?
The liquid which is left behind in the filteration flask after removing
undesired or desired solids being collected as a cake in the glass filteration
funnel. This is done either using cotton or watman filter paper. That liquid
is known as filterate is gravity as well as vaccum filteration.
c. How full (the maximum level) should a funnel be filled with solution in a filtration
procedure?
The maximum level of the funnel should be half of its height so that the
liquid does not tend to come out of the funnel making all discomfort by
spilling unnecessary. Also it should be kept in mind that while filering there
sholud always be an air gap between the receiver flask and the filteration in
order to proceed smooth filteration.
5. Experimental Procedure, Part D. What observation is “expected” when:
a. An acid (nitric acid, HNO₃) is added to a solution containing carbonate or
bicarbonate ions? See Experiment 2, Experimental Procedure, Part A.3.
When an acid is reacted with carbonate or bicarbonate ions, it forms
corresponding nitrate salt, carbon dioxide and water. Furthermore, the
carbon dioxide gas makes effervescences.
b. Silver ion is added to a solution containing chloride (or bromide or iodide) ions?
See Appendix E and Experiment 2, Experimental Procedure, Part A.1.
When silver ion is added to a solution containing halide ion, such as
chloride it forms corresponding silver halide as precipitate.
6. A 25.0 mL aliquot of a well-shaken and filtered sample of river water is pipetted
into an evaporating dish. The sample was heated to dryness. Assume the density of
the river water was 1.01 g/mL. The following data were colllected for Trial 1.
Record calculated values with the correct number of significant figures.
7. The following data were collected for determining the concentration of
suspended solids in a water sample (density = 1.01 g/mL). Express all calculated
data with the correct number of significant figures (See Data Analysis, A).
a. What is the average TSSin the water sample? Express this measurement in ppt
(parts per thousand, g/kg). See Data Analysis, B.
b. Calculate the standard deviation and the relative standard deviation (% RSD) for
the analyses. See Data Analysis, C and D.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS:
Testing the quality of water is essential for everyone of us. By having
our water tested and analysed, we are making sure that the water use
in our daily life is safe and secure for use. Water analysis is
important for the reason that it identifies contaminants and prevents
water-borne diseases. On water treatment plants, the utilization of
the water analysis technique is done on a wide scale with the
purpose of observing the quality of water and removing
contamination.
Likewise in this experiment, we applied the techniques of water
analysis on a volume of water containing unknown amounts of solids
in it. The first objective of the experiment was to to determine the
total, dissolved, and suspended solids in a water sample. This is
achieved through using a filter that collects the existing solids in the
water sample. The Total Solid we got from the pre-laboratory
assignment was 641.0 g, while the average of the total suspended
solids was 427. In addition, the standard deviation computed is
0.00462 and the relative standard deviation was also computed which
is 1.08%.
