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ETOOS Comprehensive Study Material

For JEE- Main & Advanced
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

DEFINITION
A relation R from a set A to a set B is called a function if each element of A has unique image in B.
It is denoted by the symbol.
ƒ
ƒ : AB or A  B
which reads ƒ ’ is a function from A to B ‘or’ ƒ maps A to B,
If an element a  A is associated with an element b  B, then b is called ‘the ƒ image of a’ or ‘image of a under ƒ ‘or’
the value of the function ƒ at a’. Also a is called the pre-image of b or argument of b under the function ƒ. We write
it as
b = ƒ (A) or ƒ : a  b or ƒ : (a, b)
Thus a function ‘ƒ ’ from a set A to a set B is a subset of A × B in which each ‘a’ belonging to A appears in one and
only one ordered pair belonging to ƒ.
ETOOS KEY POINTS
Every function from A  B satisfies the following conditions .
(I) f  A x B (ii)  a  A  (a, f(A))  f and (iii) (a, b)  f & (a, c)  f  b=c

REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTION
(A) Ordered pair : Every function from A  B satisfies the following conditions :
(i) ƒ  A x B (ii)  a  A there exist b  B and (iii) (a, b)  ƒ & (a, c)  ƒ  b = c
(B) Formula based (uniformly/nonuniformly) :
e.g.
(i) ƒ : R  R, y = ƒ (x) = 4x , ƒ (x) = x2 (uniformly defined)

x  1 1  x  4
(ii) ƒ( x )   (non-uniformly defined)
 x 4x7

x2 x0
(iii) ƒ( x )   (non-uniformly defined)
 x  1 x0

(C) Graphical representation :

y1 y1

x1 x1
y2

Graph (1) Graph (2)

Graph(1) represent a function but graph(2) does not represent a function.
Domain, Co-domain & Range Of A Function
Let ƒ : A  B, then the set A is known as the domain of ƒ & the set B is known as co-domain of ƒ . The set of
ƒ images of all the elements of A is known as the range of ƒ .
Thus : Domain of ƒ = {a  a  A, (a, ƒ (A))  ƒ }
Range of ƒ = {ƒ (A)  a  A, ƒ (A)  B}

38
 FUNCTION

ETOOS KEY POINTS

(i) If a vertical line cuts a given graph at more than one point then it can not be the graph of a function.
(ii) Every function is a relation but every relation is not necessarily a function.
(iii) It should be noted that range is a subset of co-domain.
(iv) If only the rule of function is given then the domain of the function is the set of those real numbers, where
function is defined. For a continuous function, the interval from minimum to maximum value of a function gives
the range

METHODS OF DETERMINING RANGE

(i) Representing x in terms of y
If y = f(x), try to express asx = g(y), then domain of g(y) represents possible values of y,
which is range of f(x).

x2  x  1
Ex. Find the range of f(x) =
x2  x 1

x2  x  1
Sol. f(x) = {x2 + x + 1 and x2 + x – 1 have no common factor}
x2  x 1

x2  x  1
y=
x2  x 1
 yx2 + yx – y = x2 + x + 1
 (y – 1) x2 + (y – 1) x – y – 1 = 0
If y = 1, then the above equation reduces to –2 = 0. Which is not true.
Further if y  1, then (y – 1) x2 + (y – 1) x – y – 1 = 0 is a quadratic and has real roots if
(y – 1)2 – 4 (y – 1) (–y – 1)  0
i.e. if y  –3/5 or y1 but y1
Thus the range is (–, –3/5]  (1, )

(ii) Graphical Method

The set of y– coordinates of the graph of a function is the range.
x2  4 4
Ex. Find the range of f(x) =
x2
x2  4
Sol. f(x) = = x + 2; x  2 2
x2
y2
 graph of f(x) would be
Thus the range of f(x) is R – {4}
Further if f(x) happens to be continuous in its domain then range
of f(x) is [min f(x), max. f(x)]. However for
sectionally continuous functions, range will be union
of [min f(x), max. f(x)] over all those intervals where f(x) is
continuous, as shown by following example.

39
 FUNCTION

1. Definition
If to every value (considered as real unless other-wise stated) of a variable x, which belongs to a set A, there
corresponds one and only one finite value of the quantity y which belong to set B, then y is said to be a function of
x and written as f : A  B, y = f(x), x is called argument or independent variable and y is called dependent variable.

x f(x) = y
Pictorially : f
input output
y is called the image of x & x is the pre-image of y, under f. Every function f : A  B satisfies the following conditions.
(i) f  A × B (ii) a  A  b  B such that (a,b)  f and
(iii) If (a,b) f & (a,c)  f  b = c

2. Domain, Co-Domain & Range of a Function

Let f : A  B, then the set A is known as the domain of ‘f’ & the set B is known as co-domain of ‘f’. The set of all f
images of elements of A is known as the range of ‘f’. Thus
Domain of f = { x | x  A, (x, f(x))  f}
Range of f = { f(x) | x  A, f(x)  B}
range is a subset of co-domain.

3. Important Types of Function

(A) Polynomial function :
If a function ‘f’ is called by f(x) = a0xn + a1xn–1 + a2xn–2 + ....... + an–1 x + an where n is a non negative integer and
a0, a1, a2, ....... an are real numbers and a0  0, then f is called a polynomial function of degree n.

Note
(I) A polynomial of degree one with no constant term is called an odd linear function. i.e. f(x) = ax,  0.
(ii) There are two polynomial functions, satisfying the relation ; f(x), f(1/x). They are :
(A) f(x) = xn + 1 &
(B) f(x) = 1 - xn, where n is a positive integer.
(iii) Domain of a polynofunction is R
(iv) Range of odd degree polynomial is R whereas range of an even degree polynomial is never R.

(B) Algebric function :

A function ‘f’ is called an algebric function if it can be constructed using algebric operations (such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and taking radicals) straight with polynomials

(C) Rational function :

g(x)
A rational function is a function of the form y = f(x) = , where g(x) & h(x) are polynomials & h(x)  0,
h(x)
Domain : R –{x | h(x) = 0 }
Any rational function is automatically an algebric function.

59
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1 Which of the following pictorial diagrams represent the function

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Sol. B and D. In (A) one element of domain has no image, while in (C) one element of 1st set has two images in
2nd set

Ex. 2 Find the Domain of the following function :

(i) y = log(x–4) (x2 – 11x + 24) (ii) f(x) = x 2  5

(iii) sin –1 (2x – 1) (iv) f(x) = sinx  16  x 2

Sol. (i) y = log(x–4)(x2 – 11x + 24)

Here ‘y’ would assume real value if,
x – 4 > 0 and  1, x2 – 11x + 24 > 0  x > 4 and  5, (x – 3) (x – 8) > 0
 x > 4 and  5, x < 3 or x > 8  x> 8
 Domain (y) = (8, )

2
(ii) x 2  5 f(x) = is real iff x – 5  0

 |x|  5  x  – 5 or x  5

 the domain of f is (–, – 5 ]  [ 5 , )

(iii) sin –1 (2x – 1) is real iff –1  2x – 1  + 1

 domain is x  [0, 1]

(iv) sinx is real iff sin x  0  x[2n, 2n + ], nI.

16  x 2 is real iff 16  x  0   4  x  4.

2

Thus the domain of the given function is {x : x[2n, 2n + ], nI }[4, 4]=[4, ]  [0, ].

Ex. 3 Find the range of following functions :

1 x2  4
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) =
8  3sin x x2

1 x2  4
Sol. (i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = = x + 2; x  2 4
8  3sin x x2

–1  sinx  1  graph of f(x) would be

2
 1 1
 Range of f =  ,  Thus the range of f(x) is R – {4}
11 5 

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 1 [Single Correct Choice Type Questions]

1 | x |
1. The domain of f ( x)  , is -
2 | x |
(A) () – [– 2, 2] (B) (– ) – [– 1, 1]
(C) [– 1, 1] (–, –2) (2,  (D) none

 1  x3 
2. The domain of the function f (x) = sin 1  2 x 3/2  + sin (sin x) + log(3{x} + 1) (x2 + 1),
 
where {.} represents fractional part function, is:
(A) x  {1} (B) x  R  {1,  1} (C) x > 3, x  I (D) none of these

1
3. The domain of the function f ( x)   x  2 , is -
log10 (1  x)

(A) [– 2, 0)  (0, 1) (B) (–2, 0) (0, 1] (C) (– 2, 0) (0, 1] (D) (– 2, 0) [0, 1]

4. If q2  4 p r = 0, p > 0, then the domain of the function f (x) = log (p x3 + (p + q) x2 + (q + r) x + r) is:

 q    q 
(A) R     (B) R   (  , 1]     
 2p    2p 

  q 
(C) R   (  , 1)      (D) none of these
  2p  

5. If f(x) is a polynomial function satisfying the condition f(x). f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) and f(2) = 9 then -
(A) 2 f(4) = 3f(6) (B) 14 f(1) = f(3) (C) 9 f(3) = f(5) (D) f(10)= f(11)

6. Domain to function  
log (5 x  x 2 ) / 6 is -

(A) (2, 3) (B) [2, 3] (C) [1, 2] (D) [1, 3]

7. Domain and range of f(x) = x  1 + 2 3  x is

(A) D : [1 , 3] ; R :  2 , 10  (B) D : [1 , 5] ; R :  2 , 10 

(C) D : (– , 1] [3, ), R : 1, 3  (D) D : [1 , 5], R : 1, 3 

8. If A = {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2} & f : A  Z; f (x) = x2 + 1, then the range of f is

(A) {0, 1, 2, 5} (B) {1, 2, 5} (C) {– 5, – 2, 1, 2, 3} (D) A

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 2 Part # I [Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. Which of the functions defined below are NOT one-one function(s) ?
(A) f(x) = 5(x2 + 4), (x R) (B) g(x) = 2x+(1/x)
2
(C) h(x) = n(x +x+1), (x R (D) f(x) = e–x

2. Which of the following functions from Z to itself are NOT bijections ?

(A) f(x) = x3 (B) f(x) = x + 2 (C) f(x) = 2x + 1 (D) f(x) = x2 + x

 4  x2 
3. If f(x) = sin n   , then

 1 x 

(A) domain of f(x) is (– 2, 1) (B) domain of f(x) is [–1, 1]

(C) range of f(x) is [–1, 1] (D) range of f(x) is [–1, 1)

4. The function cot(sinx) -


(A) is not defined for x = (4n + 1) (B) is not defined for x = n
2
(C) lies between –cot1 and cot1 (D) can’t lie between –cot1 and cot1

1
5. The graph of function f(x) is as shown, adjacently. Then the graph of is -
f (| x |)

y = f(x)

a b

(A) y (B) y

o a b x
a b x
o

(C) y (D) y

–b –a o a b –a a x
O

90
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 3 Part # I [Matrix Match Type Questions]

Following questions contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with one statement in Column-II.

1. Let f (x) = sin–1 x, g (x) = cos–1 x and h(x) = tan –1 x. For what complete interval of variation of x the following are true.
Column –  Column – 

(A) f  x  + g  x  = /2 (p) [0, )

(B) f (x) + g  
1 x2 = 0 (q) [0, 1]

 1  x2 
(C) g 2 
= 2 h (x) (r) (– , 1)
 1 x 
 1 x 
(D) h(x) + h(1) = h   (s) [– 1, 0]
1 x 

2. Column - I Column - II
(A) Total number of solution x2 – 4 – [x] = 0 (p) 0
where [ ] denotes greatest integer function.
4 x  cos2 x  x [ x]
(B) Minimum period of ecos (q) 1

1
(C) If A = {(x, y); y = , x  R0} and (r) 2
x
B = {(x, y) : y = x, x  R} then number of
elements in A B is (are)
(D) Number of integers in the domain of (s) 3

2 x  3x + log3log1/2x

3. Column –  Column – 
(A) The period of the function (p) 1/2
y = sin (2t + /3) + 2 sin (3t + /4) + 3 sin 5t is
(B) y = {sin (x)} is a many one function for x  (0, a), (q) 8
where {x} denotes fractional part of x, then a may be
(C) The fundamental period of the function

1  | sin(  / 4)x | sin(  / 4)x 

y=    is (r) 2
2  cos( / 4)x | cos(  / 4)x | 
(D) If f : [0, 2]  [0, 2] is bijective function defined by f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, (s) 0
where a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then f(2) is equal to

94
 FUNCTION

Exercise # 4 [Subjective Type Questions]

1. Find the domain of definitions of the following functions :

(i) f (x) = 3  2x  21  x

(ii) f (x) = (x2 + x + 1)–3/2

(iii) f(x) = tan x  tan 2 x

(iv) f (x) = og10 (1 – og10(x2 – 5x + 16))
f
(v) If f(x) = x 2  5 x  4 & g(x) = x + 3, then find the domain of (x)
g
1 1 1
(vi) f(x) = + log1 – {x} (x2 – 3x + 10) + +
[ x] 2 | x| sec(sin x )

2. Find the range of the following functions :

1
(i) f (x) = 1 – | x – 2 | (ii) f (x) =
x 5
1 x2
(iii) f (x) = (iv) f (x) = 2
2  cos 3x x  8x  4

x2  2 x  4 2
(v) f (x) = x 2  2 x  4 (vi) f (x) = 3 sin  x2
16
(vii) f (x)= x4  2 x2 + 5 (viii) f (x) = x3 – 12x, where x  [–3, 1]
(ix) f (x) = sin2 x + cos4x

3. Let f be a function such that f(3) = 1 and f(3x) = x + f(3x – 3) for all x. Then find the value of f(300).

9x  1   2   3   2007 
4. Let f(x) = then find the value of the sum f   f  f   ....... f  2008 
9x  3  2008   2008   2008   

5. Examine whether the following functions are even or odd or neither even nor odd, where [ ] denotes greatest
integer function.

(1  2 x ) 7 sec x  x 2  9
(i) f (x) = (ii) f (x) =
2x x sin x

 x | x |, x  1

(iii) f (x) = 2
1 x  x – 1 x  x 2
(iv) f (x) = [1  x]  [1  x], 1  x  1
  x | x |, x 1


2 x (sin x  tan x)
(v) f (x) =
x  2 
2    3
 

97
 FUNCTION

Exercise # 5 Part # I [Previous Year Questions] [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]

1. Which of the following is not a periodic function- [AIEEE 2002]

(1) sin2x + cosx (2) cos x (3) tan4x (4) logcos2x

2. The period of sin2x is- [AIEEE 2002]

(1) /2 (2)  (3) 3/2 (4) 2

3. The function f : R R defined by f(x) = sinx is- [AIEEE 2002]

(1) into (2) onto (3) one-one (4) many-one

2 x
4. The range of the function f(x) = 2  x , x 2 is- [AIEEE 2002]

(1) R (2) R – {–1} (3) R – {1} (4) R – {2}

  x 
5. The domain of sin–1  log 3  3   [AIEEE 2002]
  

(1) [1, 9] (2) [-1, 9] (3) [-9, 1] (4) [-9, -1]

6. The function f(x) = log(x + x 2 1 ), is- [AIEEE 2003]

(1) neither an even nor an odd function (2) an even function

(3) an odd function (4) a periodic function
3
7. Domain of definition of the function f(x) = 4 x 2 + log10 (x3 – x), is- [AIEEE 2003]

(1) (–1, 0) (1, 2) (2, ) (2) (1, 2)

(3) (–1, 0) (1, 2) (4) (1, 2) (2, )

n
8. If f : R R satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), for all x, y R and f(1) = 7, then  f(r)
r =1
is - [AIEEE 2003]

7n(n +1) 7n 7(n +1)

(1) (2) (3) (4) 7n(n + 1)
2 2 2

 n –1
 2 , when n is odd
9. A function f from the set of natural numbers to integers defined by f(n) =  is - [AIEEE 2003]
 – n , when n is even
 2

(1) neither one-one nor onto (2) one-one but not onto
(3) onto but not one-one (4) one-one and onto both

99
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

MOCK TEST
SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. If f(x) . f(y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) – 2  x, y  R and if f(x) is not a constant function, then the value of f(1)
is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) –1

 2x  1 
2. The domain of the function f(x) =  log x  4  log  is
 2 3 x 
2
(A) (– 4, –3)  (4, ) (B) (– , –3)  (4, ) (C) (–, – 4)  (3, ) (D) None

3. Let f (x) = a x2 + b x + c , where a , b , c are rational and f : Z  Z , where Z is the set of integers. Then a +
b is :
(A) a negative integer (B) an integer
(C) non-integral rational number (D) none of these

sin 2 x  4sin x  5
4. If f(x) = , then range of f(x) is
2sin 2 x  8sin x  8

1  5  5  5 
(A)  ,   (B)  , 1 (C)  , 1 (D)  ,  
2  9  9  9 

5. If f(x) = x + tan x and g(x) is the inverse of f(x) then g(x) is equal to

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
1  (g(x)  x) 2 2  (g(x)  x) 2 2  (g(x)  x) 2

 
6. Let f(x) = tanx, g(f(x)) = f  x   , where f(x) and g(x) are real valued functions. For all possible values of
 4

x, f(g(x)) =

x 1  f (x)  1 x/4
(A) tan   (B) tan(x – 1) – tan(x + 1) (C) (D)
 x 1 f (x)  1 x/ 4

 1  2 1
7. The range of the function f (x) = sin 1  x 2   + cos1  x   , where [ ] is the greatest integer function,
 2  2

is:

     
(A)  ,   (B)  0 ,  (C) {  } (D)  0 , 
2   2  2

106
 11th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Physical World and Units 1. Mole Concept 1. Basic Maths and Logarithm
& Dimensions 2. Atomic Structure 2. Quadratic Equation
2. Basic Maths & Vector 3. Chemical Bonding 3. Sequence and Series
3. Kinematics 4. Gaseous State
Module-2
Module-2 Module-2(PC) 1. Trigonometric Ratio and
1. Thermodynamics Identities
1. Newton’s Law of Motion 2. Trigonometric Equation
& Friction 2. Thermochemistry
3. Chemical Equilibrium 3. Properties & Solution
2. Work, Energy & Power of Triangle
4. Ionic Equilibrium
Module-3 Module-3
Module-3(IC)
1. Centre of Mass & Collisions 1. Periodic Table & Its Properties 1. Permutation & Combination
2. Rotational Motion 2. Redox Reaction & Equivalent 2. Binomial Theorum
3. Gravitation Concepts 3. Complex Number
3. Hydrogen & Its Components
Module-4 4. S-Block Module-4
1. Straight Line
1. Mechanical Properties 2. Circle
of Matter Module-4(OC)
1. Nomenclature of 3. Conic Section
2. Thermal Properties of Matter (Parabola,Ellipse & Hyperbola)
Organic Compounds
Module-5 2. Isomerism
3. General Organic Chemistry Module-5
1. Simple Harmonic Motion 1. Mathematical Induction
2. Wave Motion Module-5(OC) 2. Mathematical Reasoning
3. Measurement Error 1. Reaction Mechanism 3. Statistics
& Experiment 2. Hydrocarbon
3. Aromatic Hydrocarbon
4. Environmental Chemistry

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http://www.etoosindia.com/smartmall/bookList.do
 12th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Solid State 1. Sets & Relation
1. Electrostatics
2. Solutions and 2. Function
2. Capacitance
Colligative Properties 3. Inverse Trigonometric Function
3. Electro Chemistry 4. Probability
Module-2
1. Current Electricity Module-2(PC) Module-2
2. Magnetic Effect of Current 1. Chemical Kinetics and
and Magnetism Nuclear Chemistry 1. Limit
2. Surface Chemistry 2. Continuity
Module-3 3. Differentiability
Module-3(IC) 4. Method of Differentiation
1. Electromagnetic Induction
2. Alternating Current 1. Metallurgy
2. P- Block Module-3
Module-4 3. Transition Elements 1. Indefinite Integration
(d & f block) 2. Definite Integration
1. Geometrical Optics 4. Co-ordination Compound 3. Area Under the Curve
2. Wave Optics 5. Salt Analysis & Qualitative
Analysis Module-4
Module-5
Module-4(OC) 1. Application of Derivative
1. Modern Physics
1. Alkyl Halides & Aryl Halides 2. Matrix
2. Nuclear Physics
2. Alcohol, Phenol & Ether 3. Determinant
3. Solids & Semiconductor
Devices 3. Carbonyl Compound
Module-5
4. Electromagnetic Waves
5. Principle of Communication Module-5(OC) 1. Differential Equation
1. Carboxylic Acid & Their 2. Vector & 3-Dimensional
Derivatives
2. Biomolecules & Polymers
3. Chemistry in Everyday Life

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