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Experiment 2

The document describes an image processing experiment using point processing methods to obtain a negative image, flipped image, and perform thresholding and contrast stretching. It introduces image enhancement in the spatial and transform domains. Point processing methods manipulate individual pixels using gray level transformations. The document provides OpenCV Python code examples to perform thresholding, flipping an image horizontally, generating a negative image, and contrast stretching.

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Ashutosh Singh
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117 views4 pages

Experiment 2

The document describes an image processing experiment using point processing methods to obtain a negative image, flipped image, and perform thresholding and contrast stretching. It introduces image enhancement in the spatial and transform domains. Point processing methods manipulate individual pixels using gray level transformations. The document provides OpenCV Python code examples to perform thresholding, flipping an image horizontally, generating a negative image, and contrast stretching.

Uploaded by

Ashutosh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO.

Aim : to write and execute omage processing using point processing methods
 Obtain Negative image
 Obtain Flip image
 Thershold operation (Thersholding)
 Contrast stretching

Introduction :
Image enhancement can be done in two domain:

[1] Spatial Domain and

[2] Transform domain.

In Spatial domain Image processing, there are two ways :

 Point processing (Single pixel is processed at a time)


 Neighborhood processing (Mask processing) Convolution of 3x3 or 5x5 or other size of
mask with image

In point processing, Gray level transformation can be given by following equation

 g(x,y)=T[f(x,y)]  s=T(r)

where, f(x,y) is original image, g(x,y) is transgormed imafe


s = gray level of transformed image
r = gray level of original image
Thershold operation :

Open cv program for image thersholding

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
img = cv.imread(‘gradient.png’,0)
th1 = cv.thershold(img,127,255,cv.THRESH_BINARY)
cv.imshow(“Image”,img)
cv.imshow(‘th1’,th1)
cv.waitkey(0)
cv.destroyAllwindows()

Run above program for different threshold values and find out optimum threshold value for
which you are getting better result.

Horizontal flipping :
import cv2
  
originalImage = cv2.imread('C:/Users/Ravi/Desktop/Test.jpg')
  
flipHorizontal = cv2.flip(originalImage, 1)
 
cv2.imshow('Original image', originalImage)
cv2.imshow('Flipped horizontal image', flipHorizontal)
 
 
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Negative Image :
Negative Image can be obtained by substracting each pixel value from 255.

Opencv python program for Negative Image :


import cv2
 
img = cv2.imread("photo.jpg")
img_2 = 255 – img
cv2.imshow("original pic",img)
cv2.imshow("negative of pic",img_2)
cv2.waitkey(10000)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Contrast Stretching :
Contrast Stretching means Darkening level below threshold value m and whitening level above threshold
value m. This technique will enhance contrast of given image. Thersholding is example of extreme
contrast stretching.
Opencv program for contrast stretching:
import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('PHOTO.jpg')
original = img.copy()
xp = [0, 64, 128, 192, 255]
fp = [0, 16, 128, 240, 255]
x = np.arange(256)
table = np.interp(x, xp, fp).astype('uint8')
img = cv2.LUT(img, table)
cv2.imshow("original", original)
cv2.imshow("Output", img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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