VICERRECTORADO DOCENTE Código: GUIA-PRL-001

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

FORMATO DE INFORME DE PRÁCTICA DE LABORATORIO / TALLERES /

CENTROS DE SIMULACIÓN – PARA ESTUDIANTES

CARRERA: INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA ASIGNATURA: ANTENAS

NRO. PRÁCTICA: 1 TÍTULO PRÁCTICA: TIPOS DE ANTENAS
OBJETIVOS:
 Identificar los principales tipos de antenas existentes.
 Utilizar MATLAB para comprobar el teorema de máxima transferencia de potencia, tanto en cargas resistivas como en
impedancias.
ACTIVIDADES

1. Antenna characterization.:
 Gain.
The gain of an antenna is the ratio of the input and output power of the antenna. This gain is commonly referred to in
dBi's (antenna gain in dB above an isotropic radiator), and refers to the comparison of how much power comes out of
the antenna in question, compared to what would come out of an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is one that
has a perfect spherical radiation pattern and a linear unit gain. [1]
 Radiation pattern.
The radiation pattern of an antenna can be represented as a three-dimensional graph of how energy is actually radiated
from the antenna viewed from outside the antenna. Radiation patterns are usually represented in two ways, the
dimension pattern (profile view) and the azimuth pattern (top view). By combining both graphs there is a three-
dimensional representation. [1]
 Directivity.
Directivity (D) is the ability of the antenna to direct radiated energy in a specific direction. Directivity is defined as
the ratio of your maximum radiation intensity (or density flow rate) and the radiation intensity of an isotropic source
that emits the same total power. [1]
 Characteristic impedance.
It is the relationship between the input voltage and current.
𝑉
𝑍=
𝐼
Impedance is a complex number. The real part of the impedance is called the Antenna Resistance and the imaginary
part is the Reactance. The antenna resistance is the sum of the radiation resistance and the loss resistance. Antennas
are called resonant when their input reactance is canceled. [2]
 Polarization.
It is the orientation of the electromagnetic waves when leaving the antenna. There are two basic types of polarization
that apply to antennas, such as: Linear (vertical, horizontal and oblique) and circular (right circular, left circular, right
elliptical, and left elliptical). The transmitting antenna must have the same polarity as the receiving antenna for
maximum performance. [1]
 Efficiency.
Antenna efficiency is defined as the ratio of the radiated power 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑 , to the input power of the antenna 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 . [1]
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜼=
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
 Frequency.
According to the standard definition, “The rate of repetition of a wave over a particular period of time, is called
as frequency.” Simply, frequency refers to the process of how often an event occurs. A periodic wave repeats itself
after every ‘T’ seconds (time period). Frequency of periodic wave is nothing but the reciprocal of time period (T). [3]
1
𝐹 = = 𝐻𝑧
𝑇
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Where
 f is the frequency of periodic wave.
 T in the time period at which the wave repeats.
 VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).
VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, and is also referred to as Standing Wave Ratio (SWR). VSWR is a
function of the reflection coefficient, which describes the power reflected from the antenna. If the reflection coefficient
is given by Γ, then the VSWR is defined by the following formula: [4]
1 + |Γ |
VSWR =
1 − |Γ |
 Scattering parameters (s11, s12, s21, s22).
The S-parameters can be used for any frequency because they do not make any open or short circuit considerations,
they are simply based on the power levels that are perceived at the terminals of the two-port network. S-parameters
are 4: [5]
 s11: This parameter measures the amount of power that is reflected compared to the amount of power that is
being applied on port 1. Parameter s11 is also known as the input port reflection coefficient Γ.
 s12: This parameter measures the power received on port 1 compared to that sent on port 2. This parameter
is also known as the reverse transmission coefficient.
 s21: This parameter measures the power received on port 2 compared to that sent on port 1. This parameter
is also known as the direct transmission coefficient.
 s22: This parameter measures the reflected power on port 2 compared to the amount of power that is sent
from port 2. This parameter is also known as the reflection coefficient of the output port.

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Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Types of antennas
Perform a bibliographic search on the main types of antennas including: physical form, azimuth radiation pattern, elevation
radiation pattern, 3D radiation pattern, operating frequency ranges, applications where they are used.
a) Linear wire antennas
DIPOLE

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used
They are generally used in simple
devices, where a very high gain is
not needed, for example, in
2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz television antennas, radio antennas,
old cell phones, cordless phones,
car antennas, modems and routers,
wakitakies, etc.

MONOPOLE

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

Antenna used in AM sound A great utility they have is in

broadcasting (540-1650 MHZ) and transmission towers, radio, television
with frequencies in communication or cellular stations, where basically
systems in the HF, VHF, and UHF the entire metal structure acts as the
bands. antenna.

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b) Loop antennas
CIRCULAR LOOP ANTENNA

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used
Most of the applications of loop
Used in RFID devices.
antennas are in the HF (3–30
Used in MF, HF and short wave
MHz), VHF (30–300 MHz), and
receivers.
UHF (300–3,000 MHz) bands.
Used in aircraft receivers to find
When used as field probes, they
directions.
find applications even in the
Used in UHF transmitters.
microwave frequency range.

POLYGONAL LOOP ANTENNA

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Loopstick antennas are used in

The frequency ranges in which radio direction finding (RDF)
loop antennas are generally applications. They are also used as
applied range from 3Mhz (HF) AM receptors due to high SNR.
onwards. They are easily adjustable in the
Q-tank circuit in radio receivers.

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c) Array antennas
LINEAR

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Used in radio and television

2.4 GHz-5.7 GHz
transmitters.

PLANAR

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

Recently they are being used in

lower frequency bands, such as the
VHF band and in some of the lower
Satellite communications.
UHF parts, for conventional mobile
radio services and in digital TV
radiant systems

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Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

CIRCULAR

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

VHF band and in some of the lower

Used in radio and Tv transmitters.
UHF parts.

d) Broadband dipoles
Biconical antenna [3]

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used
TX-Antenna for Immunity testing,
especially at low frequencies.
 It has a frequency range Measurements of shielding
 of 25 MHz to 300 MHz effectiveness. Evaluation of test
 of 60 to 600 MHz sites (e.g. Anechoic rooms and open
 of 30 to 1200 MHz area test sites).
 of 3 to 18 Ghz Passive field probe for immunity
testing. Determination of uniform
area characteristics.

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Triangular sheet, bow tie, and wire simulation

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

The antenna was designed,

measured and built and its far field Employed for many years in the
performance was evaluated with a VHF and UHF frequency ranges.
2.11 GHz resonant frequency.

Cylindrical dipole

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Television, FM radio, precision

HF, VHF, UHF, SHF.
measurements.

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Folded dipole

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Radiate at a frequency of
c/lambda=(3e8/2)=150 MHz to Radio and TV signal receivers.
c/lambda=(3e8/1)=300 MHz

Discone and conical skirt monopole

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Attractive broadband All types of radio scanning and

characteristics, it has wide uniform applications for
applications in the VHF (30-300 frequencies above 30 MHZ.
MHz) and UHF (300 MHz-3 GHz) Applied for broadcast television:
specifications. applications, and communicate.

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e) Frequency independent antennas

EQUIANGULAR SPIRAL ANTENNA

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

Defense industry for detection

Operating frequency ranges from applications.
3GHz to 11GHz. GPS.
Military aircraft.

LOG-PERIODIC ANTENNA

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

High bandwidth to cover broad

television bands of approximately Television, Antennas (UHF /
54–88 and 174–216 MHz on VHF VHF).
and 470–890 MHz on UHF.

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Fractal antenna

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

Mobile communications, gps

VHF, UHF and EHF up to 10 GHz. system, Bluetooth, AM and FM
radio, WLAN.

f) Aperture antennas
Rectangular aperture antenna

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

Measurement systems in the field of

MF, HF, VHF. medicine as well as for the treatment
of cancer by radiotherapy.

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Circular aperture antenna

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Modern high precision

1 GHz to 40 GHz.
measurement systems.

g) Horn antennas
Pyramidal horn

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Generally used as spotlights or

Microwave
reflectors.

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Conical horn

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Microwave Satellite communications.

Corrugated horn

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

High performance satellite and

10 to 325 GHz
telescope communications.

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Aperture-matched horn

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Astronomy and satellite

UHF
communications.

Multimode horn

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

As illuminators or collectors in
UHF
telescope systems.

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Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Dielectric-loaded horn

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

They are used in conjunction with

reflector antennas, with one or a set
UHF and microwaves at
of horn antennas illuminating the
frequencies above 300 MHz.
reflector antenna. Also individually
as satellite coverage antennas.

h) Microstrip antennas
Rectangular patch

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Frequencies in the microwave Mobile communications, radar and

range. GPS systems.

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Circular patch

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

The circular arrangements have been

used for several years, for example,
VHF band and in some of the lower
in air and space navigation,
UHF parts
underground propagation, radar,
sonar, etc.

i) Reflector antennas
Plane reflector

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges Applications where they are used

Radio bridge links in case there is

no line of sight, passive repeater.
VHF, UHF, SFH. Antennas and Passive Reflectors,
Abdollah Ghasemi

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Corner reflector

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

UHF television, data links for

wireless WANs and radio amateur
VHF and UHF frequency band.
antennas in the 144, 420 and 1296
MHz bands.

Parabolic reflector

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

Ranges from 2 GHz to 30 GHz for

Mainly applied for satellite
smaller antennas and from 30 MHz
communications.
to 300 MHZ for larger antennas.

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Spherical reflector

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

They are mainly used in astronomy

Ranges between 5 GHz to 30 GHz.
and radars.

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In addition to the antennas in the list above, 5 antenna designs published in the last 5 years should be included.
Pagoda antenna

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

500 MHz a 6 GHz Transmission of images in drones.

LFP100 frequency probe

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

CATR antenna measurement

100 MHz to 450 MHz
systems.

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Flexible PCB antenna

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

800 MHz to 5 GHz IOT, WLAN, mesh networks.

Quad helix wearable antenna.

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

UHF – 243 to 318 MHz

UHF – 225 to 512 MHz Radio communications.
VHF – 30 to 88 MHz

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HYS Foldable Antenna

Physical form Azimuth radiation pattern Elevation radiation pattern

Applications where they are

3D radiation pattern Operating frequency ranges
used

VHF, UHF. Radio communications.

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Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

To prove the maximum power transfer theorem, two circuits must be proposed.
1. The first must include the voltage source with a 50-ohm source resistance. The load must be completely resistive.

Parameters:
𝑅𝑖 = 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑅𝐿 = 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐸 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒

Intensity calculation:
𝐸
𝐼= = [𝐴]
𝑅𝑖 + 𝑅𝐿

Power calculation:
𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅𝐿 [𝑊]

Vary the load resistance to prove the maximum transfer of power theorem:

𝑹𝒊 𝑬 𝑹𝑳 𝑰 = [𝑨] 𝑷 = [𝑾]
50 20 10 0,333 1,11
50 20 20 0,285 1,63
50 20 30 0,25 1,875
50 20 40 0,222 1,975
50 20 50 0,2 2
50 20 60 0,181 1,983
50 20 70 0,166 1,944
50 20 80 0,153 1,893
50 20 90 0,142 1,836

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To graph the excel table in Matlab, the following code is used:

clc
clear all

data=xlsread('Example1.xlsx');
x=data(:,3)
y=data(:,5)
plot(x,y,'.--')
title('Gráfica, Teorema de Máxima Transferencia de Potencia para una carga
resistiva');
xlabel('P=Potencia')
ylabel('RL=Resistencia de Carga')
hold on

Graph of the maximum transfer theorem in Matlab.

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2. The second must include the voltage source with a 50-ohm source resistance. The load must be a capacitive or inductive
impedance and additionally it must place a load that allows coupling with the source

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES:

[1] «WNI México S.A. de C.V.,» [En línea]. Available: [1].

https://www.wni.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62:antenassoporte&catid=31:general&Itemid=79.
[Último acceso: 10 04 2020].

[2] «Sapiensman,» Conceptos de electrotécnia para aplicaciones industriales, [En línea]. Available:
http://www.sapiensman.com/electrotecnia/antenas.htm. [Último acceso: 12 04 2020].

[3] «Antenna Theory,» [En línea]. Available: http://www.antenna-theory.com/. [Último acceso: 12 04 2020].

[4] «Learn antenna theory,» Tutorials Point, [En línea]. Available:

www.tutorialspoint.com/antenna_theory/antenna_theory_basic_parameters.htm. [Último acceso: 14 04 2020].

[5] D. M. J. W. &. S. Pozar, Microondas Ingeniería, Intl. Ed., 2005.

IMAGES WEB REFERENCES

 Linear wire antennas

 Dipole
1) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336337484_Introduccion_al_analisis_y_diseno_de_antenas
2) https://www.ucursos.cl/usuario/9553d43f5ccbf1cca06cc02562b4005e/mi_blog/r/Informe_Antenas.pdf
3) https://www.acta.es/medios/articulos/ciencias_y_tecnologia/020001.pdf
 Monopole
1) https://spanish.alibaba.com/product-detail/manufacturer-supplied-steel-monopole-antenna-wifi-tower-
60697024098.html
2) https://www.ucursos.cl/usuario/9553d43f5ccbf1cca06cc02562b4005e/mi_blog/r/Informe_Antenas.pdf
3) http://www.ipellejero.es/hf/antenas/monopolo/index.php
 Loop antennas
 Circular loop antenna
1) https://www.wellbrook.uk.com/loopantennas/ALA1530LN
2) https://www.tutorialspoint.com/antenna_theory/antenna_theory_loop.htm

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3) https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer19/ijaerv14n7_09.pdf
 Polygonal loop antenna
1) https://sebhau.edu.ly/suj/paper/e200910.pdf
2) http://www.aa5tb.com/loop.html
3) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0132530#sec004
 Array antennas
 Linear
1) http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ns/v5n9/v5n9a1.pdf
 Planar
1) https://es.slideshare.net/Antenas_propagacion/presentacin-arreglo-de-antenas
2) file:///C:/Users/ktty_/Downloads/Dialnet-EstudioYSimulacionDelBeamformingDeUnArregloDeAnten-
5432203.pdf
 Circular
1) http://www2.elo.utfsm.cl/~elo352/biblio/antenas/Lectura%2018.pdf
2) https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/44/1/012004/pdf
3) file:///C:/Users/ktty_/Downloads/ACES_Journal_November_2018_Paper_1.pdf
 Broadband dipoles
 Biconical antenna
1) http://schwarzbeck.de/Datenblatt/biconall.pdf
 Triangular sheet, bow tie, and wire simulation.
1) file:///C:/Users/ktty_/Downloads/Design_of_a_Microstrip_Bowtie_Antenna_for_Indoor_R.pdf
 Cylindrical dipole.
1) http://www.elcom-hu.com/Electrical/Antennas%20/Antenna%20Theory%20Analysis%20and
%20Design%20Cropped%20fixed%20Constantine%20A%20Balanis%202nd%20Ed%20John
%20Will.pdf
2) https://www.ahsystems.com/catalog/SAS-530H.php
3) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-extremely-wideband-radome-enclosed-cylindrical-Rahim-Jia-
dong/a4841e93dcebfb03f1673bf426bdbab8fdb00203
 Folded dipole.
1) http://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/foldeddipole.php
2) https://la.mathworks.com/help/antenna/ref/dipolefolded.html
3) https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4939018
 Discone and conical skirt monopole
1) https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=1YA1NZuo6u0C&pg=PA251&lpg=PA251&dq=pattern+radiation+
Discone+and+conical+skirt+monopole&source=bl&ots=V7N731GNsv&sig=ACfU3U1u6dZEjVe4C4FEx
1DlVE3ziigqyA&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNpIWJ0voAhUQd98KHcb6CyoQ6AEwC3oECAsQNg#v
=onepage&q=pattern%20radiation%20Discone%20and%20conical%20skirt%20monopole&f=false
 Frequency independent antennas
 Equiangular spiral antenna
1) https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com
/&httpsredir=1&article=3440&context=etd
2) https://bibliotecas.ups.edu.ec:2095/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6314011
3) https://la.mathworks.com/help/antenna/ref/spiralequiangular.html
 Log-periodic antenna
1) https://www.temsystem.es/pdfs/Catalogo_General_Antenas.pdf
2) https://www.comsol.ch/model/log-periodic-antenna-36111
Resolución CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
 VICERRECTORADO DOCENTE Código: GUIA-PRL-001

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

3) https://bibliotecas.ups.edu.ec:2095/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8870439
 Fractal antenna
1) https://www.amazon.com/SMAKN-Fractal-antenna-shape-Multi-band-integration/dp/B07FV8WJY7
2) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Simulated-elevation-field-E-th-gain-patterns-of-Moore-
fractal_fig9_263228805
 Aperture antennas
 Rectangular aperture antenna
1) https://www.temsystem.es/pdfs/Catalogo_General_Antenas.pdf
2) Antenna Theory Analysis and Design 3rd ED. A. Balanis
 Circular aperture antenna
1) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Far-zone-E-plane-amplitude-radiation-patterns-of-an-aperture-
antenna-mounted-on-a_fig2_269330575
2) Antenna Theory Analysis and Design 3rd ED. A. Balanis
 Horn antennas
 Pyramidal horn
1) https://www.temsystem.es/pdfs/Catalogo_General_Antenas.pdf
2) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparison-between-the-radiation-patterns-of-pyramidal-horns-at-60-
GHz-on-the-a_fig15_258792619
3) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparison-between-the-radiation-patterns-of-pyramidal-horns-at-60-
GHz-on-the-a_fig15_2587926
 Conical horn
1) https://www.miwv.com/conical-horn-antennas/#iLightbox[image_carousel_1]/0
2) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-directive-gain-from-the-simulated-3D-radiation-pattern-of-a-
conventional-conical-horn_fig2_303463679
 Corrugated horn
1) https://www.comsol.com/model/corrugated-circular-horn-antenna-15677
 Aperture-matched horn
1) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Design-of-an-X-band-aperture-matched-horn-antenna-Choudhury-
Gaffar/18565ddcc9b45cc8e628f715e5092f9b23de2190
2) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1143518
3) https://www.comsol.com/blogs/2d-axisymmetric-model-horn-antenna/
 Multimode horn
1) http://www.antennamagus.com/enlarge-side-by-side-compare.php
 Dielectric-loaded horn
1) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Photograph-of-the-dielectric-loaded-horn-Ku-band-linear-polarization-
and-the_fig3_267829759
2) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-design-of-quad-ridged-horn-antenna-with-loading-Li-
Zhang/0f676c1858701cb708116d4d855d511acccbf4fc/figure/4
3) https://www.qwed.com.pl/examples/ex_holen1.html
 Microstrip antennas
 Rectangular patch
1) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/aironet-antennas-
accessories/prod_white_paper0900aecd806a1a3e.html
2) https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/aironet-antennas-
accessories/prod_white_paper0900aecd806a1a3e.html
 Circular patch
Resolución CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
 VICERRECTORADO DOCENTE Código: GUIA-PRL-001

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

1) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Radiation-Pattern-for-circular-patch-antenna-simulation-Phi90-
0_fig5_282679883
2) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Radiation-pattern-of-circular-patch-antenna_fig10_296468617
3) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/3D-radiation-pattern-for-Circular-Patch-Antenna_fig2_291347521
4) file:///C:/Users/ktty_/Downloads/conf_full_016_bartlett_doa_on_fpga.pdf
 Reflector antennas
 Plane reflector
1) https://www.arta.no/index.cfm@id=88800
 Corner reflector
1) http://www.electricalelibrary.com/en/2019/04/10/type-of-antennas-part-2-reflecting-antennas/
2) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4235009_Millimeter_wave_corner_reflector_antenna_array
 Parabolic reflector
1) http://www.emagtech.com/wiki/index.php/EM.Illumina_Tutorial_Lesson_3:_Computing_The_
Radiation_Pattern_Of_Parabolic_Dish_Reflectors
2) https://comprodcom.com/shop/antennas-clamps/reflector-antennas/parabolic-reflector-antenna-965-70/
 Spherical reflector
1) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Wide-angle-scanning-spherical-reflector-antenna-
Redin/5e716e0ac01a7cbbc1586e150193db3a7b652461/figure/0
2) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Spherical-reflector-front-left-and-side-view-cross-section-
right_fig4_309151175
3) http://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/reflectors/dish4.php
 Antenna published in the last 5 years
 Pagoda antenna
1) https://www.maartenbaert.be/quadcopters/antennas/pagoda-antenna/
 LFP100 frequency probe
1) https://www.mvg-world.com/sites/default/files/2019-
09/Datasheet_Antennas_Low%20Frequency%20Probes_08_19_BD3.pdf
 Flexible PCB antenna
1) http://store.rfdesign.com.au/rfdflex1-900mhz-flexible-pcb-antenna-300mm-rpsma/
2) https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/14/3134/htm
 Quad helix wearable antenna
1) http://uhfsatcom.com/product/vss-av2140-manpack-uhf-muos-satcom-antenna/
 HYS Foldable Antenna
1) https://shopee.co.id/amp/Walkie-136-520mhz-Antena-SMA-Dapat-Dilipat-VHF-UHF-Dual-Talkie-
Female-i.129766499.2024618060

Resolución CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
 VICERRECTORADO DOCENTE Código: GUIA-PRL-001

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Nombre de estudiante:

Jennifer Katherine Vidal Sánchez

jvidals1@est.ups.edu.ec
Laboratorio de Antenas

Resolución CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20