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Scripting Historia

Early computers used batch processing that was controlled through languages like JCL. Interactive shells were then developed in the 1960s for time-sharing systems, using shell scripts to control running programs. Calvin Mooers invented command substitution, allowing commands to be embedded in scripts. Languages like Tcl and Lua were designed to be embedded in any application. Modern web browsers use multiple scripting languages, like JavaScript, for extensions and browser control. Scripting is often used to connect software components through "glue code" like pipelines and shell scripts, with Perl initially developed for this role of gluing together programs.

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66 views1 page

Scripting Historia

Early computers used batch processing that was controlled through languages like JCL. Interactive shells were then developed in the 1960s for time-sharing systems, using shell scripts to control running programs. Calvin Mooers invented command substitution, allowing commands to be embedded in scripts. Languages like Tcl and Lua were designed to be embedded in any application. Modern web browsers use multiple scripting languages, like JavaScript, for extensions and browser control. Scripting is often used to connect software components through "glue code" like pipelines and shell scripts, with Perl initially developed for this role of gluing together programs.

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joanpadilla
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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History[edit]

Early mainframe computers (in the 1950s) were non-interactive, instead using batch processing.
IBM's Job Control Language (JCL) is the archetype of languages used to control batch processing.[7]
The first interactive shells were developed in the 1960s to enable remote operation of the first time-
sharing systems, and these used shell scripts, which controlled running computer programs within a
computer program, the shell. Calvin Mooers in his TRAC language is generally credited with
inventing command substitution, the ability to embed commands in scripts that when interpreted
insert a character string into the script.[8] Multics calls these active functions.[9] Louis Pouzin wrote an
early processor for command scripts called RUNCOM for CTSS around 1964. Stuart Madnick at MIT
wrote a scripting language for IBM's CP/CMS in 1966. He originally called this processor
COMMAND, later named EXEC.[10] Multics included an offshoot of CTSS RUNCOM, also called
RUNCOM.[11] EXEC was eventually replaced by EXEC 2 and REXX.
Languages such as Tcl and Lua were specifically designed as general-purpose scripting languages
that could be embedded in any application. Other languages such as Visual Basic for
Applications (VBA) provided strong integration with the automation facilities of an underlying system.
Embedding of such general-purpose scripting languages instead of developing a new language for
each application also had obvious benefits, relieving the application developer of the need to code a
language translator from scratch and allowing the user to apply skills learned elsewhere.
Some software incorporates several different scripting languages. Modern web browsers typically
provide a language for writing extensions to the browser itself, and several standard embedded
languages for controlling the browser, including JavaScript (a dialect of ECMAScript) or XUL.

Types[edit]
Glue languages[edit]
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Scripting is often contrasted with system programming, as in Ousterhout's dichotomy or


"programming in the large and programming in the small". In this view, scripting is glue code,
connecting software components, and a language specialized for this purpose is a glue language.
Pipelines and shell scripting are archetypal examples of glue languages, and Perl was initially
developed to fill this same role. Web development can be considered a use of glue languages,
interfacing between a database and web server. But if a substantial amount of logic is written in
script, it is better characterized as simply another software component, not "glue".

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