Assignment 3

Assignment.
Course: Electrical Machines

Topic(s): Transformers
1. The total core loss of a ferromagnetic specimen is found to 1500 W at 50 Hz and
3000 W at 75 Hz when the flux density is kept constant.
(a) Calculate the hysteresis loss in watts for 50 Hz
(b) Calculate the eddy current loss in watts for 50 Hz
Solution:
For a frequency, f ,
Hysteresis loss, Ph ∝ f = K1 f
Eddy losses Pe ∝ f 2 = K2 f 2
Core loss, Pcore1 = 1500W at 50 Hz
Core loss, Pcore2 = 3000W at 75 Hz
Core losses = Hysteresis loss + Eddy Current loss
Pcore = f K1 + f 2 K2
For, f=50 Hz
1500 = 50K1 + 2500K2 (1)
For, f=75 Hz
3000 = 75K1 + 5625K2 (2)
Solving (1) and (2),

K1 = 10 and K2 = 0.4
(a) Hysteresis loss for 50 Hz = 50 × K1 = 500 W
(b) Eddy current loss for 50 Hz= 502 × K2 = 1000 W
2. A coil has 250 turns and is wound around a toroidal core made of silicon steel
whose permeability is 0.00277 T/A/m. The inner and outer radii of the toroid are
20 cm and 25 cm respectively.
(a) For a coil current of 2.5 A, find the magnetic flux density (in T) at the mean
radius of the toroid.
(b) For a coil current of 2.5 A, find the inductance of the coil in mH.
Solution:
N = 250
µ = µ0 µr = 0.00277 T/A/m
1
Inner radius, ri = 20 × 10−2 m
Outer radius, ro = 25 × 10−2 m
Mean radius, r = (ro + ri )/2 = 22.5 × 10−2 m
length, l = 2πr = 1.414 m
Diameter, d = ro − ri = 5 × 10−2 m
2
Area, A = πd4 = 1.96 × 10−3 m2
Coil current, i = 2.5 A
Reluctance, R = l/µA = 1.414/(0.00277 × 1.96 × 10−3 ) = 2.6 × 105 AT/Wb
MMF = Ni = 250 × 2.5 = 625 AT
Flux, φ = MMF/R = 625/2.6 × 105 = 2.4 mWb
(a) Magnetic flux density, B = φ/A = 1.22 T
(b) Inductance of the coil, L = Nφ/i = 240 mH
3. The primary and secondary number of turns of a 10-kVA ideal transformer are 150
and 300, respectively. The transformer is connected to a 220V, 50Hz source.
(a) Determine the maximum flux in the core in mwb.
(b) Determine the full load primary current.
(c) Determine the full load secondary current.
Solution:
N1 = 150; N2 = 300
f = 50 Hz
V1 = 220 V
V2 = N2 /N1 × V1 = 440 V
(a) E1 = V1 = 220 V = 4.44 f φm N1

φm = 220/(4.44 × 50 × 150) = 6.6 mWb
(b) Full load primary current, I1 = 10000/220 = 45.45 A
(c) Full load secondary current,I2 = 10000/440 = 22.72 A
4. A single-phase transformer has 2000 turns on the primary and 800 turns on the
secondary. Its no-load current is 5 A at a power factor of 0.20 lagging. Assuming
the volt drop in the windings is negligible.
(a) Determine the primary current in ampere when the secondary current is 100 A
at a power factor of 0.85 lagging.
(b) Calculate the input power factor when the secondary current is 100 A at a
power factor of 0.85 lagging.
Page 2
Solution:
N1 = 2000
N2 = 800
No-load current, I0 = 5 A
Power factor, cos φ0 = 0.2 (lag)
φ0 = cos−1 (0.2) = 78.46
Therefore, I0 = 5∠ − 78.46 A
Secondary current, I2 = 100∠ − 31.78 A. Since, cos φL = 0.85
I20 = I2 × ( N2 /N1 ) = 100∠ − 31.78 × (800/2000) = 40∠ − 31.78 A
(a) Primary current, I1 = I0 + I20 = 43.58∠ − 36.57 A
(b) Input power factor, cos(36.57) = 0.8 (lag)
5. A transformer takes a current of 0.8 A when its primary is connected to a 240 volt,
50 Hz supply, the secondary being on open circuit.
(a) If the power absorbed is 72 watts, determine real component of no-load cur-
rent in Amps
(b) If the power absorbed is 72 watts, determine the power factor on no-load
(c) If the power absorbed is 72 watts, determine the magnetizing current.
Solution:
No-load current, I0 = 0.8 A
V1 = 240 V
f = 50 Hz
No load power, P0 = 72 W
Power factor on no load, cos φ0 = P0 /(V1 I0 ) = 0.375
(a) Real component of no-load current, Ic = I0 cos φ0 = 0.3 A
(b) Power factor on no-load, cos φ0 = P0 /(V1 I0 ) = 0.375
q
(c) Magnetizing current, Im = I02 − Ic2 = 0.74 A
6. A current transformer has a single turn on the primary winding and a secondary
winding of 60 turns. The secondary winding is connected to an ammeter with a
resistance of 0.15 Ω. The resistance of the secondary winding is 0.25 Ω.The current
in the primary winding is 300 A.
(a) Determine the reading on the ammeter in amps.
(b) Determine the potential difference across the ammeter in volts.
(c) Determine the total load (in VA) on the secondary.
Page 3
Solution:
N1 = 1; N2 = 60
Turns ration, a = N1 /N2 = 1/60
Primary current, I1 = 300 A Resistance of ammeter, R a = 0.15 Ω;
Resistance of secondary winding, Rs = 0.25 Ω
(a) Reading on the ammeter= aI1 = 300/60 = 5 A .
(b) Potential difference across the ammeter= 5 × R a = 0.75 V
(c) Total load (in VA) on the secondary= 52 × ( R a + Rs ) = 10 VA or W
7. A single-phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. The net
cross sectional of the core is 60 cm2 . The primary winding be connected to a 50 Hz
supply at 500 volts.
(a) Calculate the peak value of flux density in the core (in wb/m2 ).
(b) Calculate voltage induced in secondary winding.
Solution:
N1 = 400; N2 = 1000
A = 60 × 10−4 m2
V1 = 500 V; f = 50 Hz
(a) E1 = V1 = 500 V = 4.44 f φm N1

Peak value of flux in the core, φm = 500/(4.44 × 50 × 400) = 5.6 mWb
Peak value of flux density in the core, Bm = φm /A = 0.933 Wb/m2
(b) Voltage induced in secondary winding= ( N2 /N1 ) × V1 = 1250 V
8. The required no load ratio in a single phase 50 Hz core type transformer is 6000/250V.
The flux is 0.061 wb.
(a) Find the number of turns in primary winding.
(b) Find the number of turns in secondary winding.
Solution:
φm = 0.061 Wb; f = 50 Hz
(a) Number of turns in primary winding, N1 = E1 /(4.44 f φm ) = 6000/(4.44 ×
50 × 0.061) = 443
(b) Number of turns in secondary winding, N2 = (250/6000) × 443 = 18
Page 4

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Assignment.

Course: Electrical Machines

Solving (1) and (2),

(a) E1 = V1 = 220 V = 4.44 f φm N1

(a) E1 = V1 = 500 V = 4.44 f φm N1

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