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The Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds

This document discusses the phoneme and phonemes in connected speech. It begins by defining the phoneme and distinguishing it from speech sounds. Phonemes have allophones that are defined by how they are articulated. Assimilation and reduction are ways that phonemes change in connected speech. The document also discusses distinctive features that define phonemes and the systems of phonemes in a language. It concludes by describing different types of phonetic transcription used to represent sounds.

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142 views4 pages

The Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds

This document discusses the phoneme and phonemes in connected speech. It begins by defining the phoneme and distinguishing it from speech sounds. Phonemes have allophones that are defined by how they are articulated. Assimilation and reduction are ways that phonemes change in connected speech. The document also discusses distinctive features that define phonemes and the systems of phonemes in a language. It concludes by describing different types of phonetic transcription used to represent sounds.

Uploaded by

rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

THE FUNCTIONAL ASPECT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

3.1. THE PHONEME

Questions and Tasks


1. What is the difference between speech sounds and phonemes?
2. Define the phoneme.
3. What are allophones?
4. What factors affects the articulatory and acoustic features of allophones?
5. Explain the difference between allophones in complementary distribution and
allophones in free variation.
6. Is the phoneme an abstraction or is it material? Discuss different points of view.
7. What functions does the phoneme perform?

References
1. Борисова Л.В. Торетическая фонетика английского языка: Учебн. пособие
для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / Л.В. Борисова, А.А. Метлюк. – Минск:
Вышэйшая школа, 1980. – 144 с., илл. Англ. (c. 28–30)
2. Паращук В.Ю. Теоретична фонетика англійської мови: Навчальний посібник
для студентів факультетів іноземних мов / В.Ю. Паращук. – Вінниця: НОВА
КНИГА, 2005. – 240 с. Англ. (c. 130–134)
3. Crystal, D. The Cambridge encyclopedia of language / David Crystal. – 2nd edn. –
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 480 p. (p. 162, 163)

3.2. PHONEMES IN CONNECTED SPEECH

Questions and Tasks


1. Define reduction.
2. How is reduction different from elision?
3. Define liason.
4. Define assimilation.
5. What is partial assimilation? total assimilation?
6. What is regressive assimilation? progressive assimilation? coalescent
assimilation?
5. What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
6. What is secondary articulation?

References
1. Борисова Л.В. Торетическая фонетика английского языка: Учебн. пособие
для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / Л.В. Борисова, А.А. Метлюк. – Минск:
Вышэйшая школа, 1980. – 144 с., илл. Англ. (c. 30–33)
2. Паращук В.Ю. Теоретична фонетика англійської мови: Навчальний посібник
для студентів факультетів іноземних мов / В.Ю. Паращук. – Вінниця: НОВА
КНИГА, 2005. – 240 с. Англ. (c. 136–145)
3. Crystal, D. The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language / David Crystal.
– 2nd edn. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 499 p. (p. 247)
4. See also Appendix 7.

3.3. THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE PHONEME

Questions and Tasks


1. What are the distinctive features of the phoneme? Explain their other name,
relevant features.
2. What features of a phoneme are called irrelevant (redundant)?
3. Discuss the theory according to which the phoneme is a bundle of phonetic
distinctive features.
4. Explain how distinctive features help to establish the system of phonemes in a
language?
5. What are minimal pairs?
6. What types of oppositions are there in the system of the English vowels?
7. What are the main types of oppositions in the system of the English consonants?

References
1. Борисова Л.В. Торетическая фонетика английского языка: Учебн. пособие
для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / Л.В. Борисова, А.А. Метлюк. – Минск:
Вышшэйшая школа, 1980. – 144 с., илл. Англ. (c. 37–40)
2. Паращук В.Ю. Теоретична фонетика англійської мови: Навчальний посібник
для студентів факультетів іноземних мов / В.Ю. Паращук. – Вінниця: НОВА
КНИГА, 2005. – 240 с. Англ. (c. 133–134)
3. Crystal, D. The Cambridge encyclopedia of language / David Crystal. – 2nd edn. –
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 480 p. (p. 164)

3.4. THE TYPES OF TRANSCRIPTION

Questions and Tasks


1. What is ideographic, syllabic, and alphabetic writing?
2. Define transcription.
3. Explain the difference between phonemic and phonetic transcription.
4. What types of brackets are used when we discuss sounds from a phonological point
of view? from a phonetic point of view?
5. What is the International Phonetic Transcription?

References
1. Борисова Л.В. Торетическая фонетика английского языка: Учебн. пособие
для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / Л.В. Борисова, А.А. Метлюк. – Минск:
Вышэйшая школа, 1980. – 144 с., илл. Англ. (c. 42, 43)
2. Паращук В.Ю. Теоретична фонетика англійської мови: Навчальний посібник
для студентів факультетів іноземних мов / В.Ю. Паращук. – Вінниця: НОВА
КНИГА, 2005. – 240 с. Англ. (c. 135, 136)
3. Crystal, D. The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language / David Crystal.
– 2nd edn. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 499 p. (p. 236)

PRACTICAL TESTS

1. EXERCISES B and C, p. 45
Борисова Л.В. Торетическая фонетика английского языка: Учебн.
пособие для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / Л.В. Борисова, А.А. Метлюк. –
Минск: Вышэйшая школа, 1980. – 144 с.
2. TASKS 4–8, p. 153
TEST 3, p. 156, 157
TEST 4, p. 158
Паращук В.Ю. Теоретична фонетика англійської мови: Навчальний
посібник для студентів факультетів іноземних мов / В.Ю. Паращук. –
Вінниця: НОВА КНИГА, 2005. – 240 с.

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