F65545 B2

65540 / 545
High Performance
Flat Panel / CRT
VGA Controllers
Data Sheet
Revision 1.2
October 1995
®
CopyrightNotice
Copyright © 1995, Chips and Technologies, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
This manual is copyrighted by Chips and Technologies, Inc. You may not reproduce,
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RestrictedRightsLegend
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subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at
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Trademark
Acknowledgement
CHIPS Logotype, CHIPSlink, CHIPSPort, ELEAT, LeAPSet, NEAT, NEATsx, PEAK,
PRINTGINE, SCAT, SuperMathDX, SuperState, and WINGINE are registered trademarks
of Chips and Technologies, Incorporated.
CHIPSet, Super Math, WinPC, and XRAM Video Cache are trademarks of Chips and
Technologies,Incorporated.
IBM® AT, XT, PS/2, Micro Channel, Personal System/2, Enhanced Graphics Adapter,
Color Graphics Adapter, Video Graphics Adapter, IBM Color Display, and IBM
Monochrome Display are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.
Hercules is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology.
MS-DOS and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
MultiSync is a trademark of Nippon Electric Company (NEC).
Brooktree and RAMDAC are trademarks of Brooktree Corporation.
Inmos is a trademark of Inmos Corporation.
TRI-STATE® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
VESA® is a registered trademark of Video Electronics Standards Association.
VL-Bus is a trademark of Video Electronics Standards Association.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
Disclaimer
This document is provided for the general information of the customer. Chips and
Technologies, Inc., reserves the right to modify the information contained herein as
necessary and the customer should ensure that it has the most recent revision of the data
sheet. CHIPS makes no warranty for the use of its products and bears no responsibility
for any errors which may appear in this document. The customer should be on notice that
the field of personal computers is the subject of many patents held by different parties.
Customers should ensure that they take appropriate action so that their use of the products
does not infringe upon any patents. It is the policy of Chips and Technologies, Inc. to
respect the valid patent rights of third parties and not to infringe upon or assist others to
infringe upon such rights.
®
65540 / 545
High Performance
Flat Panel / CRT VGA Controller
n Highly integrated design (flat panel / CRT VGA n Interface to CHIPS' PC Video to display "live"
controller, RAMDAC, clock synthesizer) video on flat panel displays
n Multiple Bus Architecture Integrated Interface n Supports panel resolutions up to 1280 x 1024
• Local Bus (32-bit CPU Direct and VL) resolution including 800x600 and 1024x768
• EISA/ISA (PC/AT) 16-bit Bus n Supports non-interlaced CRT monitors with
• PCI Bus (65545) resolutions up to 1024 x 768 / 256 colors
n Flexible display memory configurations n True-color and Hi-color display capability with
• One 256Kx16 DRAM (512KB) flat panels and CRT monitors up to 640x480
• Four 256Kx4 DRAMs (512KB) resolution
• Two 256Kx16 DRAMs (1MB) n Direct interface to Color and Monochrome Dual
n Advanced frame buffer architecture uses Drive (DD) and Single Drive (SS) panels
available display memory, maximizing (supports 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18 and 24-bit data
integration and minimizing chip count interfaces)
n Integrated programmable linear address feature n Advanced power management features minimize
accelerates GUI performance power consumption during:
n Hardware windows acceleration (65545) • Normal operation
• Standby (Sleep) modes
• 32-bit graphics engine • Panel-Off Power-Saving Mode
- System-to-screen and screen-to-screen
BitBLT n Flexible on-board Activity Timer facilitates
- 3 operand ROP's ordered shut-down of the display system
- Color expansion n Power Sequencing control outputs regulate
- Optimized for Windows™ BitBLT format application of Bias voltage, +5V to the panel and
• Hardware line drawing +12 V to the inverter for backlight operation
• 64x64x2 hardware cursor
n Hardware pop-up icon (65545) n SMARTMAP™ intelligent color to gray scale
conversion enhances text legibility
• 64x64 pixels by 4 colors
• 128x128 pixels by 2 colors n Text enhancement feature improves white text
contrast on flat panel displays
n High performance resulting from zero wait-state
writes (write buffer) and minimum wait-state n Fully Compatible with IBM™ VGA
reads (internal asynchronous FIFO design) n EIAJ-standard 208-pin plastic flat pack
n Mixed 3.3V ±0.3V / 5.0V ±10% Operation
BIOS Address RGB To CRT

ROM
28 65540 H/V Sync Display
32
Data or
32-bit 386/486 65545 Panel Control To Flat
CPU Direct or VL Control Panel
Panel Data
Local Bus, PCI 24 Display
Bus, or 16-bit ISA 14.31818 MHz 32 16/24
System Bus
Optional
512KByte or PCVideo
1MByte Video Multi-Media
Memory Interface
System Diagram
Revision 1.2 65540 / 545
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Revision History
Revision History
Revision Date By Comment
1.1 9/94 DH Added note: Refer to Electrical Specs for maximum clock frequencies in
'Supported Video Modes' table
Added note: Not all above resolutions can be supported at 3.3V and/or 5V
Changed Mode 50 in Supported Video Modes-Extended Resolution Table
from 16 to 16M
Reset column in Reset/Setup/Test/Standby/Panel-Off Mode table was
incorrect. Now reads: "RESET#/Low/–/–/High/High"
Changed note for Pin List-Bus Interface: from "Drive=5V low drive and
3V high drive" to "IOL and IOH drive listed above indicates 5V low
drive and 3.3V high drive (see also XR6C)"
Changed pin description: pin 25 LDEV# pin type "Out/OC" to "Out"
Changed Config Reg XR01 bits 2-1 VL-Bus description for pin
23=CRESET should read pin 23=RDYRTN#
Changed Ext Reg XR2D and XR2E to (CMPR Enabled) and (CMPR
Disabled) and added note: "For DD panels without frame acceleration,
the programmed value should be doubled"
Updated tables for "No FRC" and "2-Frame FRC"
Updated Flat Panel Timing "CD: 010" should read "CD: 001"
Updated Programming: FLM delay programmed in XR2C should be equal
to: CRT blank time – FLM front porch – FLM width
XR2D LP Delay (CMPR enabled) & XR2E LP Delay (CMPR disabled)
Added note: "Can use external 14.31818 MHz oscillator into XTALI (203)
with XTALO (204) as no connect"
Updated Elec Specs: changed "Max" under "Normal Operating Conditions"
from 90 to 100; "memory clock is assumed to be 68 MHz not 65 MHz;"
and "VL-Bus timing is compatible with VL-Bus Specification 2.0"
Added timing for VL-Bus LDEV#, 14.31818 MHz, DRAM R/M/W and
PC-Video and modified timing for PCI Bus Frame
Clarified function of ACTI output.
1.2 7/95 BB/MP Updated Supported Video Modes table
Updated I/O Map section
Added 64310 to CHIPS VGA Product Family in Register Summary
Updated Extension Registers table
Updated XR33, XR6C, XR6F in the Extension Registers section
Added Rset formula to CRT Panel Interface Circuit
Updated Interface-Optrex DMF-50351NC-FW (640x480 Color STN-DD)
LCD Panel Interface example
Updated 65540/545 DC Characteristics in timing section
Updated Local Bus Input Setup & Hold, Local Bus Output Valid, Local
Bus Output Float Delay, VL-Bus LDEV#, CRT Output, Panel Output
Timing diagrams
Added 65545B2 specifications
Revision 1.2 2 65540 / 545

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section Page Section Page
Introduction / Overview .................................. 7 Pinouts (65540) ............................................... 23
Pinouts (65545) ............................................... 24
Minimum Chip Count / Board Space .......... 8
Display Memory Interface........................... 8 Pin Diagram (65540) ................................... 23
CPU Bus Interface ....................................... 10 Pin Diagram (65545) ................................... 24
High Performance Features ......................... 10 Pin Lists ....................................................... 25
65545 Acceleration...................................... 10 Pin Descriptions - ISA/VL-Bus Interface.... 31
65545 Hardware Cursor............................... 10 Pin Descriptions - PCI Bus Interface
PC Video / Overlay Support........................ 10 (65545 only) ............................................ 34
Display Interface.......................................... 11 Pin Descriptions - Display Memory ............ 37
Flat Panel Displays.................................. 11 Pin Descriptions - Flat Panel Interface ........ 39
Panel Power Sequencing ............................. 11 Pin Descriptions - CRT and Clock Interface 40
CRT Displays .......................................... 11 Pin Descriptions - Power / Gnd / Standby... 42
Simultaneous Flat Panel / CRT Display.. 14
Display Enhancement Features ................... 14 Register and Port Address Summaries ............ 43
"True-Gray" Gray Scale Algorithm ........ 14 I/O Map........................................................ 43
RGB Color to Gray Scale Reduction ...... 14 CGA, MDA, and Hercules Registers........... 44
SmartMap™ ............................................ 14 EGA Registers ............................................. 44
Text Enhancement................................... 15 VGA Registers............................................. 44
Vertical and Horizontal Compensation ... 15 VGA Indexed Registers............................... 45
Advanced Power Management.................... 16 Extension Registers ..................................... 46
Normal Operating Mode ......................... 16 32-Bit Registers (65545) ............................. 49
Mixed 3.3V and 5V Operation................ 16 PCI Configuration Registers (65545) .......... 50
Panel Off Mode ....................................... 16
Standby Mode ......................................... 16 Register Descriptions ...................................... 51
CRT Power Management (DPMS) ......... 16
CPU Activity Indicator / Timer ................... 17 Global Control (Setup) Registers ................ 53
Full Compatibility ....................................... 17 PCI Configuration Registers........................ 55
Write Protection ...................................... 17 General Control & Status Registers............. 59
Extension Registers ................................. 17 CGA / Hercules Registers............................ 61
Panel Interface Registers......................... 17 Sequencer Registers..................................... 63
Alternate Panel Timing Registers ........... 17 CRT Controller Registers ............................ 67
Context Switching ................................... 17 Graphics Controller Registers ..................... 81
Reset, Setup, and Test Modes...................... 18 Attribute Controller and
Reset Mode.............................................. 18 VGA Color Palette Registers .................. 89
Setup Mode ............................................. 18 Extension Registers ..................................... 95
Tri-State Mode ........................................ 18 32-Bit Registers (65545 only) ..................... 155
ICT (In-Circuit-Test) Mode .................... 18
Chip Architecture ........................................ 19
Sequencer ................................................ 19
CRT Controller........................................ 19
Graphics Controller ................................. 19
Attribute Controller ................................. 19
VGA / Color Palette DAC....................... 19
Clock Synthesizers .................................. 20
Configuration Inputs.................................... 21
Virtual Switch Register ............................... 21
Light Pen Registers...................................... 21
BIOS ROM Interface................................... 21
Package........................................................ 21
Application Schematics ............................... 22
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section Page Section Page
Functional Description .................................... 165 Programming and Parameters ......................... 195
System Interface .......................................... 165 General Programming Hints........................ 195
Functional Blocks ................................... 165 Parameters for Initial Boot .......................... 197
Bus Interface .......................................... 165 Parameters for Emulation Modes ................ 198
ISA Interface ..................................... 165 Parameters for Monochrome LCD Panels
VL-Bus Interface ............................... 165 (Panel Mode Only) .................................. 199
Direct Processor Interface ................. 165 Parameters for Monochrome LCD Panels
PCI Interface ..................................... 165 (Simultaneous Mode Display)................. 200
Parameters for Color TFT Panels
Display Memory Interface .......................... 166 (Panel Mode Only) .................................. 201
Memory Architecture ............................. 166 Parameters for Color TFT Panels
Memory Chip Requirements .................. 166 (Simultaneous Mode Display)................. 202
Clock Synthesizer ....................................... 167 Parameters for Color STN SS Panels
MCLK Operation ................................... 167 (Panel & Simultaneous Mode Display)... 203
VCLK Operation .................................... 168 Parameters for Color STN SS Panels
Programming the Clock Synthesizer . 168 (Extended 4-bit Pack).............................. 204
Programming Constraints .................. 168 Parameters for Color STN DD Panels
Programming Example ...................... 169 (Panel & Simultaneous Mode Display)... 205
PCB Layout Considerations ................... 169 Parameters for Plasma Panels...................... 206
Parameters for EL Panels ............................ 207
VGA Color Palette DAC ............................ 170
BitBLT Engine (65545 only) ...................... 171 Application Schematics................................... 209
Bit Block Transfer .................................. 171 System Bus Interface ................................... 210
Sample Screen-to-Screen Transfer ......... 172 VL-Bus / 486 CPU Local Bus Interface...... 211
Compressed Screen-to-Screen Transfer . 173 PCI Local Bus Interface .............................. 212
System-to-Screen BitBLTs .................... 175 Display Memory / PC Video Interface ........ 213
Hardware Cursor (65545 only) ................... 177 CRT / Panel Interface .................................. 214
Programming .......................................... 177
Cursor Data Array Format & Layout 177 Panel Interface Examples ................................ 215
Display Mem Base Addr Formation . 178
VGA Controller Programming .......... 178 Electrical Specifications.................................. 241
Copying Cursor Data to Disp Mem ... 178 Absolute Maximum Conditions................... 241
Setting Position, Type, & Base Addr 178 Normal Operating Conditions ..................... 241
DAC Characteristics .................................... 241
Flat Panel Timing ............................................ 179 DC Characteristics....................................... 242
Overview ..................................................... 179 DC Drive Characteristics............................. 242
Panel Size .................................................... 179 AC Test Conditions ..................................... 243
Panel Type ................................................... 179 AC Characteristics
TFT Panel Data Width................................. 179 Reference Clock Timing ......................... 243
Display Quality Settings.............................. 180 Clock Generator Timing.......................... 244
Frame Rate Control (FRC)...................... 180 Reset Timing ........................................... 245
Dither....................................................... 180 Bus Timing.............................................. 246
M Signal Timing ..................................... 180 DRAM Timing ........................................ 254
Gray / Color Levels ................................. 180 CRT Output Timing ................................ 258
Pixels Per Shift Clock.................................. 181 PC Video Timing .................................... 258
Color STN Pixel Packing ............................ 182 Panel Output Timing ............................... 259
Output Signal Timing .................................. 183
LP Signal Timing .................................... 183 Mechanical Specifications............................... 261
FLM Output Signal Timing..................... 183 Plastic 208-PFP Package Dimensions ......... 261
Blank#/DE Output Signal Timing........... 183
Shift Clock Output Signal Timing .......... 183
Pixel Timing Sequence Diagrams ............... 183
Revision 1.2 4 65540 / 545

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List of Tables
List of Tables
Table Page Table Page
Feature Differences ......................................... 7 Parameters - Initial Boot ................................ 197

Display Capabilities ........................................ 9 Parameters - Emulation Modes ....................... 198
Supported Video Modes - VGA...................... 12 Parameters - Monochrome LCD-DD
Supported Video Modes - Extended ............... 13 Panel Mode Only ......................................... 199
Supported Video Modes - High Refresh ......... 13 Simultaneous Mode Display........................ 200
Vcc Pin to Interface Pin Correspondence ....... 16 Parameters - Color TFT LCD
Reset/Setup/Test/Standby/Panel-Off Modes... 18 Panel Mode Only ......................................... 201
Configuration Pin Summary............................ 21 Simultaneous Mode Display........................ 202
Parameters - Color STN-SS LCD
Pin List ............................................................ 25 Panel & Simultaneous Mode Display.......... 203
Pin Descriptions .............................................. 31 Parameters - Color STN-DD LCD
8-bit Interface Extended 4-bit Pack ............. 204
Standby Mode Panel Output Signal Status ..... 41 16-bit Interface (with FA)............................ 205
Standby Mode Memory Output Signal Status. 41 Parameters - Monochrome Plasma.................. 206
Standby Mode Bus Output Signal Status ........ 42 Parameters - Monochrome EL ........................ 207
I/O Map ........................................................... 43
Register Summary - CGA/MDA/Herc Modes 44 Panel Interface Examples Summary ............... 215
Register Summary - EGA Mode ..................... 44 DK Board Connector Summary ...................... 216
Register Summary - VGA Mode..................... 44
Register Summary - Indexed Registers........... 45 Absolute Maximum Conditions ..................... 241
Register Summary - Extension Registers........ 46 Normal Operating Conditions ........................ 241
Register Summary - 32-Bit Registers (65545) 49 DAC Characteristics ....................................... 241
Register Summary - PCI Confg Regs (65545) 50 DC Characteristics .......................................... 242
Register List - Setup Registers ........................ 53 DC Drive Characteristics ............................... 242
Register List - PCI Configuration ................... 55 AC Test Conditions ........................................ 243
Register List - General Control & Status ........ 59 AC Timing Characteristics ............................. 243
Register List - CGA / Hercules Registers ....... 61 Reference Clock .......................................... 243
Register List - Sequencer ................................ 63 Clock Generator........................................... 244
Register List - CRT Controller........................ 67 Reset ............................................................ 245
Register List - Graphics Controller ................. 81 Local Bus Clock .......................................... 246
Register List - Attribute Controller Local Bus Input Setup & Hold .................... 247
and VGA Color Palette................................ 89 Local Bus Output Valid............................... 248
Register List - Extension Registers ................. 95 Local Bus Float Delay ................................. 248
Register List - 32-Bit Registers (65545) ......... 155 VL-Bus LDEV# .......................................... 249
PCI Bus Frame............................................. 250
DRAM Speed vs. Memory Clock Frequency . 166 PCI Bus Stop .............................................. 252
ISA Bus........................................................ 253
DRAM Read / Write.................................... 254
DRAM Read / Modify / Write..................... 256
DRAM CBR-Refresh .................................. 257
DRAM Self-Refresh .................................... 257
CRT Output ................................................ 258
PC Video ..................................................... 258
Panel Output ............................................... 259
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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure Page Figure Page

System Diagram .............................................. 1 Flat Panel Interface Schematics
Panel Power Sequencing ................................. 11 Plasma-16 - Matsushita S804 ...................... 217
Color Palette / DAC Block Diagram............... 19 EL-16 - Sharp LJ64ZU50 ............................ 218
Clock Synthesizer Register Structure.............. 20
Mono DD - Epson EG9005F-LS ................. 219
Pinouts (65540) ............................................... 23 Mono DD - Citizen G6481L-FF.................. 220
Pinouts (65545) ............................................... 24 Mono DD - Sharp LM64P80 ....................... 221
Pin List ............................................................ 25 Mono DD - Sanyo LCM6494-24NTK ........ 222
Pin Descriptions .............................................. 26 Mono DD - Hitachi LMG5364XUFC ......... 223
Functional Description Mono DD - Sanyo LCM-5491-24NAK....... 224
Mono DD - Epson ECM-A9071.................. 225
Clock Synthesizer Register Structure .......... 167
Clock Synthesizer PLL Block Diagram ...... 167 Color TFT - Hitachi TM26D50VC2AA...... 226
Clock Filter Circuit...................................... 169 Color TFT - Sharp LQ9D011 ...................... 227
Clock Power / Ground Layout Example...... 169 Color TFT - Toshiba LTM-09C015-1 ......... 228
VGA Color Palette DAC Data Flow ........... 170 Color TFT - Sharp LQ10D311 .................... 229
Possible BitBLT Orientations With Overlap 171 Color TFT - Sharp LQ10DX01 ................... 230
Screen-to-Screen BitBLT ............................ 172 Color STN SS - Sanyo LM-CK53-22NEZ.. 231
BitBLT Data Transfer.................................. 173 Color STN SS - Sanyo LCM5327-24NAK . 232
Differential Pitch BitBLT Data Transfer..... 174 Color STN SS - Sharp LM64C031.............. 233
Flat Panel Timing Color STN DD - Kyocera KCL6448........... 234
Monochrome 16 Gray-Level EL ................ 184 Color STN DD - Hitachi LMG9720XUFC . 235
Color STN DD - Sharp LM64C08P ............ 236
Monochrome LCD DD 8-bit Interface ....... 185 Color STN DD - Sanyo LCM5331-22NTK 237
Monochrome LCD DD 16-bit Interface ..... 186
Color LCD TFT 9/12/16-bit Interface ........ 187 Color STN DD - Hitachi LMG9721XUFC . 238
Color LCD TFT 18/24-bit Interface ........... 188 Color STN DD - Tosh. TLX-8062S-C3X ... 239
Color LCD STN 8-bit Interface .................. 189 Color STN DD - Opt DMF-50351NC-FW.. 240
Color LCD STN 16-bit Interface ................ 190 Electrical Specifications
Color LCD STN-DD 8-bit Interface Reference Clock Timing.............................. 243
(with Frame Acceleration) ...................... 191 Clock Generator Timing.............................. 244
Color LCD STN-DD 8-bit Interface Reset Timing................................................ 245
(without Frame Acceleration) ................ 192 Local Bus Clock Timing.............................. 246
Color LCD STN-DD 16-bit Interface Local Bus '2x' Clock Synch Timing ............ 246
(with Frame Acceleration) ..................... 193 Local Bus Input Setup & Hold Timing ....... 247
Color LCD STN-DD 16-bit Interface Local Bus Output Valid Timing .................. 248
(without Frame Acceleration) ................ 194 Local Output Float Delay Timing ............... 248
Application Schematics VL-Bus LDEV# Timing ............................. 249
PCI Bus Frame Timing................................ 251
ISA Bus Interface ....................................... 210 PCI Bus Stop Timing................................... 252
VL-Bus / 486 Processor Direct Interface ... 211 ISA Bus Timing........................................... 253
PCI Bus Interface ........................................ 212
Display Memory Interface .......................... 213 DRAM Page Mode Read Cycle Timing...... 255
CRT / Panel Interface ................................. 214 DRAM Page Mode Write Cycle Timing..... 255
DRAM Read/Modify/Write Cycle Timing.. 256
DRAM CAS-Before-RAS (CBR) Timing... 257
DRAM 'Self-Refresh' Cycle Timing ........... 257
CRT Output Signal Timing ......................... 258
PC Video Timing......................................... 258
Panel Output Signal Timing ........................ 259
Mechanical Specifications
Plastic 208-PFP Package Dimensions ......... 261
Revision 1.2 6 65540 / 545

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Introduction / Overview
The 65540 / 545 High Performance Flat Panel / system can be implemented with a single 256Kx16
CRT Controllers initiate a family of 208-pin, high DRAM. The 32-bit local bus interface of the 65540
performance solutions for full-featured notebook / / 545 family eliminates external buffers.
sub-notebook and other portable applications that
require the highest graphics performance available. For maximum performance, the 65540 / 545
The 65545 is pin-to-pin compatible with the 65540 supports an additional 256Kx16 DRAM, which
and adds a sophisticated graphics hardware engine provides a 32-bit video memory bus and additional
for Bit Block Transfer (BitBLT), line drawing, display memory to support resolutions up to
hardware cursor, and other functions intensively 1024x768 with 256 colors, 800x600 with 256
used in Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) such as colors, and 640x480 with 16M colors. In addition,
Microsoft Windows™. The 65540 and 65545 also the 65540 / 545 family can support PC Video multi-
use the same video BIOS, offering the system media features while interfacing to a 32-bit local
manufacturer a wide range of price / performance bus and one MByte of video memory.
points while minimizing overhead for system The 65540 / 545 family supports a wide variety of
integration and improving time-to-market. The monochrome and color Single-Panel, Single-Drive
following table indicates feature differences (SS) and Dual-Panel, Dual Drive (DD) passive STN
between the 65540 and 65545: and active matrix TFT / MIM LCD, EL, and plasma
panels. The 65540 / 545 family supports panel
Features 65540 65545 resolutions of 800x600, 1024x768, and 1280x1024.
Support for all flat panels 3 3 For monochrome panels, up to 64 gray scales are
VESA Local Bus / 16-bit ISA Bus 3 3 supported. Up to 226,981 different colors can be
32-bit PCI Bus — 3 displayed on passive STN LCDs and up to 16M
colors on 24-bit active matrix LCDs using the
Linear Addressing 3 3 65540 / 545 controllers.
Hardware Accelerator — 3
Hardware Cursor — 3 The 65540 / 545 family offers a variety of
Pin Compatible 3 3 programmable features to optimize display quality.
For text modes which do not fill all 480 lines of a
BIOS Compatible 3 3 standard VGA panel, the 65540 / 545 provides tall
The 65540 / 545 family achieves superior font stretching in the hardware. Fast vertical
performance through direct connection to system centering and programmable vertical stretching in
processor buses up to 32-bits in width. When graphics modes offer more options for handling
combined with CHIPS' advanced linear acceleration modes with less than 480 lines. Three selectable
software driver technology, these devices exhibit color-to-grayscale reduction techniques and
exceptional performance compared with devices of SMARTMAP™ are available for improving the
similar architecture. The 65540 / 545 architecture viewability of color applications on monochrome
provides a fast throughput to video memory, panels. CHIPS' polynomial FRC algorithm reduces
maximizing the capability of today's powerful panel flicker on a wider range of panel types with a
microprocessors to manipulate graphics operations. single setting for a particular panel type.
Based on the architecture of the 65540, the 65545 The 65540 / 545 employs a variety of advanced
adds a powerful 32-bit graphics engine to offload power management features to reduce power
graphics processing from the microprocessor for consumption of the display subsystem and extend
maximum performance. battery life. The 65540 / 545's internal logic,
Minimum chip-count, low-power graphics memory interface, bus interface, and flat panel
subsystem implementations are enabled through the interfaces can be independently configured to
high integration level of the 65540 / 545 family. operate at either 3.3 V or 5.0 V. The 65540 / 545 is
These devices integrate the VGA-compatible optimized for minimum power consumption during
graphics controller, true color RAMDAC, and dual normal operation and provides two power-saving
PLL clock synthesizers. The entire graphics sub- modes - Panel Off and Standby. During Panel Off
mode, the 65540 / 545 turns off the flat panel while
Revision 1.2 7 65540 / 545

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the VGA subsystem remains active. The palette interface. The 65540 / 545 employs separate
may also be automatically shut off during Panel Off address and data buses with sufficient drive
mode to further reduce power consumption. During capability such that the bus can be driven directly.
Standby mode, the 65540 / 545 suspends all CPU, The 65540 / 545 also provides up to 24 bits of panel
memory and display activities. In this mode, the data with sufficient drive capability such that
65540 / 545 places the DRAM in self-refresh mode virtually all flat panels can be driven directly.
and the 65540 / 545 reference input clock can be
turned off. The 65540 / 545 also provides a DISPLAY MEMORY INTERFACE
programmable activity timer which monitors VGA
activity. After all display activity ceases, the timer The 65540 / 545 supports multiple display memory
will automatically shut down the panel by either configurations, providing the OEM with the
disabling the backlight or putting the 65540 / 545 in flexibility to use the same VGA controller in
Panel Off mode. several designs with differing cost, power
consumption and performance criteria. The 65540 /
The 65540 / 545 is fully compatible with the VGA 545 supports the following display memory
graphics standard at the register, gate, and BIOS configurations:
levels. The 65540 / 545 provides full backwards
compatibility with the EGA and CGA graphics n One 256Kx16 DRAM (512 KBytes)
standards without using NMIs. CHIPS and third- n Two 256Kx16 DRAMs (1 MBytes)
party vendors supply fully VGA-compatible BIOS, n Four 256Kx4 DRAMs (512 KBytes)
end-user utilities and drivers for common Performance is significantly improved when the
application programs (e.g., Microsoft Windows™, 65540 / 545 is configured with a 32-bit data path to
OS/2, WordPerfect, Lotus, etc.). CHIPS' drivers for display memory, which is accomplished by using
Windows include a Big Cursor (to increase the two 256Kx16 DRAMs. Two 256Kx16 DRAMs
cursor's legibility on monochrome flat panels) and support all standard, Super, and Extended VGA
panning / scrolling capability (to increase resolutions up to 1024x768 256 colors as well as
performance). "high" 16bpp color and "true" 24bpp color modes.
The table on the following page summarizes the
MINIMUM CHIP COUNT / BOARD SPACE display capabilities of the 65540 / 545.
The 65540 / 545 provides a minimum chip count / Display memory control signals are derived from
board space, yet highly flexible VGA subsystem. the integrated clock synthesizer's memory clock.
The 65540 / 545 integrates a high-performance The 65540 / 545 serves as a DRAM controller for
VGA flat panel / CRT controller, industry-standard the system's display memory. It handles DRAM
RAMDAC, clock synthesizer, monitor sense refresh, fetches data from display memory for
circuitry and an activity timer in a 208-pin plastic display refresh, interfaces the CPU to display
flat pack package. In its minimum configuration, memory, and supplies all necessary DRAM control
the 65540 / 545 requires only a single 256Kx16 signals.
DRAM, such that a complete VGA subsystem for
motherboard applications can be implemented with The 65540 / 545 supports 'two-CAS / one-WE' and
just two ICs. This configuration consumes less than 'one-CAS / two-WE' 256Kx16 DRAMs. The 65540
2 square inches (1290 sq mm) of board space and is / 545 supports the self-refresh features of 256Kx16
capable of supporting simultaneous flat panel / CRT DRAMs and certain 256Kx4 DRAMs during
display requirements while directly interfacing to a Standby mode, enabling the 65540 / 545 to be
32-bit local bus. As an option, a second memory powered down completely during suspend/resume
chip may be implemented to increase performance operation.
(via a 32-bit data path to display memory) and
support graphics modes which require more than
512 KBytes of display memory. No external
buffers or glue logic are required for the 65540 /
545's bus interface, memory interface, or panel
Revision 1.2 8 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 Display Capabilities
CRT Mode Mono LCD DD STN LCD 9-Bit TFT LCD Video Simultaneous
Resolution Color 4 Gray Scales 4 Colors 2, 3, 4 Colors 1, 2, 3, 4 Memory Display
320x200 256 / 256K† 61 / 61 256 / 226,981 256 / 185,193 512KB Yes
640x480 16 / 256K† 16 / 61 16 / 226,981 16 / 185,193 512KB Yes
640x480 256 / 256K† 61 / 61 256 / 226,981 256 / 185,193 512KB Yes
800x600 16 / 256K† 16 / 61 16 / 226,981 16 / 185,193 512KB Yes with 1MB
800x600 256 / 256K† 61 / 61 256 / 226,981 256 / 185,193 512KB Yes with 1MB
1024x768 16 / 256K† 16 / 61 16 / 226,981 16 / 185,193 512KB Yes with 1MB
1024x768 256 / 256K† 61 / 61 256 / 226,981 256 / 185,193 1MB Yes
1280x1024 16 / 256K† 16 / 61 n/a n/a 1MB n/a
Notes:
1 Larger color palettes and simultaneous colors can be displayed on 12-bit, 18-bit, and 24-bit TFT panels via the 65540 / 545 video input port
2 Includes dithering
3 Includes frame rate control
4 Colors are described as number of simultaneous on-screen colors and number of unique colors available in the color palette
† 256K colors assumes DAC output mode is set to 6 bits of R, G, & B. If DAC is set to 8-bit output mode, the number of available colors is 16M
Revision 1.2 9 65540 / 545

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CPU BUS INTERFACE 65545 HARDWARE CURSOR

The 65540 / 545 provides a direct interface to: A programmable-size hardware cursor frees
software from continuously generating the cursor
n 32-bit VL-Bus image on the display. The 65545 supports four
n 32-Bit 386/486 CPU local bus types of cursors:
n EISA/ISA (PC/AT) 16-bit bus
n PCI Bus (65545 only) 32 x 32 x 2bpp (and/xor)
64 x 64 x 2bpp (and/xor)
Strap options allow the user to configure the chip 64 x 64 x 2bpp (4-color)
for the type of interface desired. Control signals for 128 x 128 x 1bpp (2-color)
all interface types are integrated on chip. All
operations necessary to ensure proper functioning in The first two hardware cursor types indicated as
these various environments are handled in a fashion 'and/xor' above follow the MS Windows™
transparent to the CPU. These include internal AND/XOR cursor data plane structure which
decoding of all memory and I/O addresses, bus provides for two colors plus 'transparent'
width translations, and generation of necessary (background color) and 'inverted' (background color
control signals. inverted). The last two types in the list above are
also referred to as 'Pop-Ups' because they are
HIGH PERFORMANCE FEATURES typically used to implement pop-up menu
capabilities. Hardware cursor / pop-up data is
The 65540 / 545 includes a number of performance stored in display memory, allowing multiple cursor
enhancement techniques including: values to be stored and selected rapidly. The two or
n Direct 32-bit local bus CPU support four colors specified by the values in the hardware
n 32-bit interface to video memory cursor data arrays are stored in on-chip registers as
n Linearly addressable display memory high-color (5-6-5) values independent of the on-
n 32-bit graphics hardware engine (65545 only) chip color lookup tables.
n 64x64x2 hardware cursor (65545 only) The hardware cursor can overlay either graphics or
The 65540 /545 provides an optimized 32-bit path video data on a pixel by pixel basis. It may be
from 32-bit CPUs direct to the video memory. positioned anywhere within screen resolutions up to
Running the 32-bit local bus of the 65540 / 545 at 2048x2048 pixels. 64x64 'and/xor' cursors may also
CPU speeds up to 33 MHz maximizes data be optionally doubled in size to 128 pixels either
throughput and drawing speed for today's powerful horizontally and/or vertically by pixel replication.
CPU architectures. Addressing pixels linearly Hardware cursor screen position, type, color, and
maximizes the efficiency of software drivers, base address of the cursor data array in display
enabling the CPU to make the most use of the full memory may be controlled via the 32-bit 'DR'
32-bit path through the 65540 / 545 controller. extension registers.
Software drivers optimized for linear addressing are
available from CHIPS and improve performance up PC VIDEO / OVERLAY SUPPORT
to 80% over standard software methods.
The 65540 / 545 allows up to 24 bits of external
65545 ACCELERATION RGB video data to be input and merged with the
internal VGA data stream. The 65540 / 545
Several functions traditionally performed by supports two forms of video windowing: (i) color
software have been implemented in hardware in the key input and (ii) X-Y window keying. The X-Y
65545 to off load the CPU and further improve window key input can be used to position the live
performance. Three-Operand BitBLT logic video window coordinates. The 65540 / 545 can be
supports all 256 logical combinations of Source, used in conjunction with Chips and Technologies,
Destination, and Pattern. All BitBLTs are executed Inc. PC Video products to provide portable multi-
up to 32-bits per cycle, maximizing the efficiency media solutions.
of memory accesses. A 32-bit color expansion
engine allows the host CPU to transfer
monochrome "maps" of color images over the
system bus at high speeds to the 65545, which
decodes the monochrome images into their color
form. Line drawing is also accelerated with
hardware assistance.
Revision 1.2 10 65540 / 545

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DISPLAY INTERFACE called ENAVEE, ENAVDD and ENABKL to

regulate the LCD Bias Voltage (VEE), the driver
The 65540 / 545 is designed to support a wide range electronics logic voltage (VDD), and the backlight
of flat panel and CRT displays of all different types voltage (BKL) to provide intelligent power
and resolutions .
sequencing to the panel. The timing diagram below
Flat Panel Displays illustrates the power sequencing cycle. In the
65540 / 545, the power on/off delay time (TPO) is
The 65540 / 545 supports all flat panel display programmable (with a default of 32 mS).
technologies including plasma, electroluminescent
(EL) and liquid crystal displays (LCD). LCD panel The 65540 / 545 initiates a 'panel off' sequence if
interfaces are provided for single panel-single drive the STNDBY# input is asserted (low), or if XR52
(SS) and dual panel-dual drive (DD) configurations. bit-4 is set to a '1' putting the chip into STNDBY
A single panel sequences data similar to a CRT mode. The 65540 / 545 also initiates a 'panel off'
(i.e., sequentially from one area of video memory). sequence if the chip is programmed to enter 'panel
In contrast, a dual panel requires video data to be off' mode (by setting extension register XR52 bit-
provided alternating from two separate areas of 3=1), or if the 'Display Type' is programmed to
video memory. In addition, a dual drive panel 'CRT' (extension register XR51 bit-2 transitions
requires the data from the two areas to be provided from '1' to '0'). The 65540 / 545 initiates a 'panel
to the panel simultaneously. Due to its integrated on' sequence if the STNDBY# input is high and the
frame buffer and 24-data-line panel interface, the chip is programmed to 'panel on' (XR52 bit-3
65540 / 545 supports all panels directly. Support transitions from a '1' to '0') and 'flat panel display'
for LCD-DD panels does not require external (XR51 bit-2 is set to '1').
hardware such as a frame buffer. Support for high-
resolution, 'high color' flat panels also does not Panel On Panel Off
require additional components. The 65540 / 545
handles display data sequencing transparently to ENAVDD
applications software, providing full compatibility
on both CRT and flat panel displays. TPO TPO
9-bit 12-bit ENABKL

'512-Color' '4096-Color' Dither FRC
512 (83) 4096 (163) No No Flat Panel
3,375 (153) 29,791 (313) No Yes Valid
Control &
24,389 (293) 226,981 (613) Yes No Data Signals
185,193 (573) 1,771,561 (1213) Yes Yes TPO T PO
There is currently no standard interface for flat
panel displays. Interface signals and timing ENAVEE
requirements vary between panel technologies and
suppliers. The 65540 / 545 provides register
programmable features to allow interfacing to the Panel Power Sequencing
widest possible range of flat panel displays. The
65540 / 545 provides a direct interface to panels
from vendors such as Sharp, Sanyo, Epson, Seiko CRT Displays
Instruments, Oki, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fujitsu, NEC, The 65540 / 545 supports high resolution fixed
Matsushita/Panasonic, and Planar. frequency and variable frequency analog monitors
PANEL POWER SEQUENCING in interlaced and non-interlaced modes of operation.
Digital monitor support is also built in.
Flat panel displays are extremely sensitive to condi-
tions where full biasing voltage VEE is applied to The 65540 / 545 supports resolutions up to
the liquid crystal material without enabling the 1024x768 256 colors, 800x600 256 colors or
control and data signals to the panel. This results in 640x480 16,777,216 colors in 1 MByte display
severe damage to the panel and may disable the memory configurations, 1024x768 16 colors,
panel permanently. The 65540 / 545 provides a 800x600 256 colors in 512 KBytes display memory
simple and elegant method to sequence power to the configurations. The tables starting on the following
flat panel display during various modes of operation page list all 65540 / 545 CRT monitor video modes.
to conserve power and provide safe operation to the
flat panel. The 65540 / 545 provides three pins
Revision 1.2 11 65540 / 545

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Supported Video Modes - VGA Standard

Horizontal Vertical
Mode# Display Text Font Pixel DotClock Frequency Frequency Video
(Hex) Mode Colors Display Size Resolution (MHz) † (KHz) (Hz) Memory CRT
0, 1 Text 16 40 x 25 8x8 360x400 28.322 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
0*, 1* 40 x 25 8x14 320x350 25.175
0+, 1+ 40 x 25 8x8 320x200 25.175
2, 3 Text 16 80 x 25 9x16 720x400 28.322 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
2*, 3* 80 x 25 8x14 640x350 25.175
2+, 3+ 80 x 25 8x8 640x200 25.175
4 Graphics 4 40 x 25 8x8 320x200 25.175 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
7 Text Mono 80 x 25 9x16 720x400 28.322 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
7+ 80 x 25 9x14 720x350
D Planar 16 40 x 25 8x8 320x200 25.175 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
E Planar 16 80 x 25 8x8 640x200 25.175 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
F Planar Mono 80 x 25 8x14 640x350 25.175 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
10 Planar 16 80 x 25 8x14 640x350 25.175 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
11 Planar 2 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 25.175 31.5 60 256 KB A,B,C
12 Planar 16 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 25.175 31.5 60 256 KB A,B,C
13 Packed Pixel 256 40 x 25 8x8 320x200 25.175 31.5 70 256 KB A,B,C
Note: • All of the above VGA standard modes are supported directly in the 65548 BIOS (both 32K and 40K BIOS versions).
• All of the above VGA standard modes are supported at both 3.3V and 5V.
• All VGA modes using 25.175 MHz and 28.322 MHz can also be supported using 32 MHz and 36 MHz respectively.
In this case, the horizontal frequency becomes 40.000 KHz and the vertical frequency becomes 89 Hz.
(see XR33 bit-7 "ISO Mode Control" for selection of VGA dot clock frequencies)
Note: Not all above resolutions can be supported at both 3.3V and 5V.
† Refer to Electrical Specifications section for maximum clock frequencies for 5V and 3.3V operation.
CRT Codes:
A PS/2 fixed frequency analog CRT monitor or equivalent (31.5 / 35.5 KHz Horizontal Frequency Specification)
B Multi-Frequency CRT monitor (37.5 KHz Minimum Horizontal Frequency Specification) (NEC MultiSync 3D or equivalent)
C Multi-Frequency High-Performance CRT Monitor (48.5 KHz Min H Freq Specification) (Nanao Flexscan 9070s, MultiSync 5D, or equivalent)
Revision 1.2 12 65540 / 545

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Supported Video Modes - Extended Resolution

Horizontal Vertical
20 4 bit Linear 16 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 25.175 31.5 60 512 KB A,B,C
22 4 bit Linear 16 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 40.000 37.5 60 512 KB B,C
24 4 bit Linear 16 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 65.000 48.5 60 512 KB C
24 I 4 bit Linear 16 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 44.900 35.5 43 512 KB B,C
28I 4 bit Linear 16 128 x 48 8x16 1280x1024 65.000 42.5 39 1 MB C
30 8 bit Linear 256 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 25.175 31.5 60 512 KB A,B,C
32 8 bit Linear 256 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 40.000 37.5 60 512 KB B,C
34 8 bit Linear 256 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 65.000 48.5 60 1 MB C
34 I 8 bit Linear 256 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 44.900 35.5 43 1 MB B,C
40 15bit Linear 32K 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 50.350 31.5 60 1 MB A,B,C
41 16bit Linear 64K 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 50.350 31.5 60 1 MB A,B,C
50 24bit Linear 16M 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 65.000 27.1 51.6 1 MB B,C
60 Text 16 132 x 25 8x16 1056x400 40.000 30.5 68 256 KB A,B,C
61 Text 16 132 x 50 8x16 1056x400 40.000 30.5 68 256 KB A,B,C
6A, 70 Planar 16 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 40.000 38.0 60 256 KB B,C
72,75 Planar 16 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 65.000 48.5 60 512 KB C
72, 75I Planar 16 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 44.900 35.5 43 512 KB B,C
7C Packed Pixel 256 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 40.000 37.5 60 512 KB B,C
7E Packed Pixel 256 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 65.000 48.5 60 1 MB C
7E I Packed Pixel 256 128 x 48 8x16 1024x768 44.900 35.5 43 1 MB B,C
76 I 4 bit Planar 16 128 x 48 8x16 1280x1024 65.000 42.5 39 1 MB C
Note: Support for the modes in the above table is included directly in the BIOS (both 32K and 40K versions).
The "I" in the mode # column indicates "Interlaced".
Supported Video Modes - High Refresh

Horizontal Vertical
12* Planar 16 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 31.500 37.5 75 256 KB B,C
30 8 bit Linear 256 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 31.500 37.5 75 256 KB C
79 Packed Pixel 256 80 x 30 8x16 640x480 31.500 37.5 75 512 KB C
6A, 70 Planar 16 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 49.500 46.9 75 512 KB C
32 8 bit Linear 256 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 49.500 46.9 75 1 MB C
7C Packed Pixel 256 100 x 37 8x16 800x600 49.500 46.9 75 1 MB C
Note: Not all above resolutions can be supported at both 3.3V and 5V.
† Refer to Electrical Specifications section for maximum clock frequencies for 5V and 3.3V operation.
CRT Codes:
A PS/2 fixed frequency analog CRT monitor or equivalent (31.5 / 35.5 KHz Horizontal Frequency Specification)
B Multi-Frequency CRT monitor (37.5 KHz Minimum Horizontal Frequency Specification) (NEC MultiSync 3D or equivalent)
C Multi-Frequency High-Performance CRT Monitor (48.5 KHz Min H Freq Specification) (Nanao Flexscan 9070s, MultiSync 5D, or equivalent)
Revision 1.2 13 65540 / 545

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Simultaneous Flat Panel / CRT Display refresh rate -- has several drawbacks. As the
vertical refresh rate increases, panel power
The 65540 / 545 provides simultaneous display consumption increases, ghosting (cross-talk)
operation with Multi-Sync variable frequency or increases, and contrast decreases. CHIPS'
PS/2 fixed frequency CRT monitors and single polynomial FRC gray scale algorithm reduces
panel-single drive LCDs (LCD-SS), dual panel-dual flicker without increasing the vertical refresh rate.
drive LCDs (LCD-DD), and plasma and EL panels
(which employ single panel-single drive interfaces). RGB Color To Gray Scale Reduction
Single drive panels sequence data in the same
manner as CRTs, so the 65540 / 545 provides The 24 bits of color palette data from the VGA
simultaneous CRT display with LCD-SS, Plasma, standard color lookup table (CLUT) are reduced to
and EL panels by driving the panels with CRT 6 bits for 64 gray scales via one of three selectable
timing. LCD-DD panels require video data alter- RGB color to gray scale reduction techniques:
nating between two separate locations in memory.
In addition, a dual drive panel requires data from 1) NTSC Weighting: 5/16 Red 9/16 Green 2/16 Blue
both locations simultaneously. A framestore area, 2) Equal Weighting: 5/16 Red 6/16 Green 5/16 Blue
also called the frame buffer, is required to achieve 3) Green Only: 6 bits of Green only
this operation. The 65540 / 545 innovative archi- NTSC is the most common weighting, which is
tecture implements the frame buffer in an unused used in television broadcasting. Equal weighting
area of display memory, reducing chip count and increases the weighting for Blue, which is useful for
subsystem cost. As an option, an extra 16-bit wide Applications such as Microsoft Windows 3.1 which
DRAM can be used as an external frame buffer, often uses Blue for background colors. Green-Only
improving performance while in simultaneous flat is useful for replicating on a flat panel the display of
panel/CRT modes. The 65540 / 545 provides software optimized for IBM's monochrome
simultaneous display with monochrome and color monitors which use the six green bits of palette
LCD-DD panels with a single 256Kx16 DRAM. data.
DISPLAY ENHANCEMENT FEATURES SmartMap™
Display quality is one of the most important SmartMap™ is a proprietary feature that can be
features for the success of any flat panel-based invoked to intelligently map colors to gray levels in
system. The 65540 / 545 provides many features to text mode. SmartMap™ improves the legibility of
enhance the flat panel display quality. flat panel displays by solving a common problem:
"TRUE-GRAY" Gray Scale Algorithm Most application programs are optimized for color
CRT monitors using multiple colors. For example,
A proprietary polynomial-based Frame Rate a word processor might use a blue background with
Control (FRC) and dithering algorithm in the 65540 white characters for normal text, underlined text
/ 545's hardware generates a maximum of 61 gray could be displayed in green, italicized text in
levels on monochrome panels. The FRC technique yellow, and so on. This variety of colors, which is
simulates a maximum of 16 gray levels on quite distinct on a color CRT monitor, can be
monochrome panels by turning the pixels on and off illegible on a monochrome flat panel display if the
over several frames in time. The dithering colors are mapped to adjacent gray scale values. In
technique increases the number of gray scales from the example, underlined and italicized text would be
16 to 61 by altering the pattern of gray scales in illegible if yellow is mapped to gray scale 4, green
adjacent pixels. The persistence (response time) to gray scale 6 with the blue background mapped to
of the pixels varies among panel manufacturers and gray scale 5.
models. By re-programming the polynomial (an 8-
bit value in Extension Register XR6E) while SmartMap™ compares and adjusts foreground and
viewing the display, the FRC algorithm can be background grayscale values to produce adequate
adjusted to match the persistence of the particular display contrast on flat panel displays. The
panel without increasing the panel's vertical refresh minimum contrast value and the foreground /
rate. With this technique, the 65540 / 545 produces background grayscale adjustment values are
up to 61 flicker-free gray scales on the latest fast programmed in the 65540 / 545's Extension
response "mouse quick" film-compensated mo- Registers. This feature can be disabled if desired.
nochrome STN LCDs. The alternate method of
reducing flicker -- increasing the panel's vertical
Revision 1.2 14 65540 / 545

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Text Enhancement The 65540 / 545 implements the Tall Font™

scheme so that there are very few blank lines on the
Text Enhancement is another feature of the 65540 / flat panel in text modes. For example, using an
545 that improves image quality on flat panel 8x19 Tall Font™ would fill 475 lines on a 480-line
displays. When enabled, the Text Enhancement panel in VGA mode 3. Lines 1, 9, 12 of the 16 line
feature displays Dim White as Bright White, font may be replicated to generate the 8x19 font.
thereby optimizing the contrast level on flat panels. Alternately, line 0 may be replicated twice and line
Text Enhancement can be enabled and disabled by 15 replicated once. The Tall Font™ scheme is
changing a bit in one of the Extension Registers. implemented in hardware thereby avoiding any
compatibility issues.
Vertical & Horizontal Compensation
Each of these Vertical Compensation techniques
Vertical & Horizontal Compensation are program- can be controlled by programming the Extension
mable features that adjust the display to completely Registers. Each Vertical Compensation feature can
fill the flat panel display. Vertical Compensation be individually disabled, enabled, and adjusted. A
increases the useable display area when running combination of Vertical Compensation features can
lower resolution software on a higher resolution be used by adjusting the features' priority order.
panel. Unlike CRT monitors, flat panels have a For example, text mode vertical compensation
fixed number of scan lines (e.g., 200, 400, 480 or consists of four priority order options:
768 lines). Lower resolution software displayed on
a higher resolution panel only partially fills the n Double Scanning+Line Insertion, Double
useable display area. For instance, 350-line EGA Scanning, Line Insertion
software displayed on a 480-line panel would leave n Double Scanning+Line Insertion, Line
130 blank lines at the bottom of the display and Insertion, Double Scanning
400-line VGA text or Mode 13 images would leave n Double Scanning+Tall Fonts, Double
80 blank lines at the bottom. The 65540 / 545 Scanning, Tall Fonts
offers the following Vertical Compensation n Double Scanning+Tall Fonts, Tall Fonts,
techniques to increase the useable screen area: Double Scanning
Vertical Centering displays text or graphics images Text and graphics modes offer two Line Replication
in the center of the flat panel, with a border of priority order options:
unused area at the top and bottom of the display.
Automatic Vertical Centering automatically adjusts n Double Scanning+ Line Replication, Double
the Display Start address such that the unused area Scanning, Line Replication
at the top of the display equals the unused area at n Double Scanning+ Line Replication, Line
the bottom. Non-Automatic Vertical Centering Replication, Double Scanning
enables the Display Start address to be set (by Horizontal Compensation techniques include
programming the Extension Registers) such that Horizontal Compression, Horizontal Centering, and
text or graphics images can be positioned anywhere Horizontal Doubling. Horizontal Compression will
on the display. compress 9-dot text to 8-dots such that 720-dot text
Line replication (referred to as "stretching") in Hercules modes will fit on a 640-dot panel.
duplicates every Nth display line (where N is Automatic Horizontal Centering automatically
programmable), thus stretching text characters and centers the display on a larger resolution panel such
graphic images an adjustable amount. The display that the unused area at the left of the display equals
can be stretched to completely fill the flat panel the unused area at the right. Non-Automatic
area. Double scanning, a form of line replication Horizontal Centering enables the left border to be
where every line is replicated, is useful for running set (by programming the Horizontal Centering
200-line software on a 400-line panel or 480-line Extension Register) such that the image can be
software on a 1024-line panel. positioned anywhere on the display. Automatic
Horizontal Doubling will automatically double the
Blank line insertion, inserts N lines (where N is display in the horizontal direction when the
programmable) between each line of text horizontal display width is equal to or less than half
characters. Thus text can be evenly spaced to fill of the horizontal panel size.
the entire panel display area without altering the
height and shape of the text characters. Blank line
insertion can be used in text mode only.
Revision 1.2 15 65540 / 545

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Subject to change without notice Introduction / Overview
ADVANCED POWER MANAGEMENT CRT Power Management (DPMS)

Normal Operating Mode The 65540 / 545 supports the VESA DPMS
(Display Power Management Signaling) protocol.
The 65540 / 545 is a full-custom, sub-micron This includes the ability to independently stop
CMOS integrated circuit optimized for low power HSYNC and/or VSYNC and hold them at a static
consumption during normal operation. The 65540 / level to signal the CRT to enter various power-
545 provides CAS-before-RAS refresh cycles for saving states. Additionally, the RAMDAC may be
the DRAM display memory. The 65540 / 545 powered down and the clock frequencies lowered
provides "mixed" 3.3V and 5.0V operation by for further power savings.
providing dedicated Vcc pins for the 65540 / 545's
internal logic, bus interface, memory interface, and Mixed 3.3V and 5.0V Operation
display interface. If the 65540 / 545 internal logic
operates at 3.3V, the memory, bus, and panel The 65540 supports operation at either 5.0V ±10%
interfaces can independently operate at either 3.3V or 3.3V ±0.3V. The 65540 also provides "mixed"
or 5.0V. The clock Vcc must be the same as the 5V and 3.3V operation by providing dedicated Vcc
Vcc of the internal logic. The 65540 / 545 provides pins for the 65540's internal logic, bus interface,
direct interface to 386/486 local bus which memory interface, and display interface. Each
conserves power when 3.3V microprocessors are dedicated Vcc can be either 5V or 3.3V, such that
used. A flexible clock synthesizer is used to the 65540 internal logic operates at 3.3V and the
generate independent memory and video clocks. various interfaces at either 3.3V or 5V. The clock
The 65540 / 545's performance-enhancement VCC must be the same as the Vcc of the internal
features minimize the memory clock frequency (and logic. The following table shows the relationship
thus power consumption) required to achieve a between the VCC inputs to the 65540 and the
given performance level. The 65540 / 545's interface pins controlled by each Vcc input.
proprietary gray scaling algorithm produces a Vcc Pins Interface Pins Affected
flicker-free display with a minimum video clock 80, 181 Internal Logic --
and panel vertical refresh rate. (Note: the power
consumption of the controller increases linearly 9, 42 Bus 1-54, 178-201, 207
with video clock frequency). 158 Memory A 145-177
142 Memory B 123-144
Panel Off Mode
108 Memory C 90-122
In 'Panel Off' mode, the 65540 / 545 turns off both 66 Display 61-89
the flat panel and CRT interface logic. The VGA 205, 206 Clock* 203, 204
subsystem remains active, such that the CPU can 59 DAC 55,57,58,60
read/write display memory and I/O registers. The
65540 / 545's video clock can be reduced * Must be same as the Vcc of the internal logic.
significantly, saving power. Panel Off mode is The 65545B1/B2 and 65545B1-5/B2-5 are the same
activated by programming Extended Register XR52 part (die) that has been tested for operation at
bit-3=1. different voltage requirements.
Standby Mode The 65545B1/B2 provides a dedicated Vcc
In 'Standby' mode, the 65540 / 545 suspends all (Voltage) pins for the internal logic, clock
CPU, memory and display activities. The 65540 / synthesizer, bus interface, memory interface and the
545 places the DRAM in its self-refresh mode of display interface. Each dedicated Vcc can be either
operation, and the 65540 / 545's clock can be shut 5V or 3.3V independently except for the internal
off. The VGA subsystem dissipates a minimum core and clock synthesizer which must be at the
amount of power during Standby. Since the 65540 / same voltage level.
545 is a fully static device, the contents of the The 65545B1-5/B2-5 limits the internal core and
controller's registers and on-chip palette are clock synthesizer Vcc to 5V only operation and
maintained during Standby. Therefore, Standby meets all 5V data sheet requirements.
mode provides fast Suspend / Resume modes. The
Standby mode may be activated by forcing the
STNDBY# pin low or programming XR52 bit-4 to
'1'. The state of all 65540 / 545 pins during
Standby mode is summarized in the tables on the
following page.
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CPU ACTIVITY INDICATOR / TIMER Panel Interface Registers

The 65540 / 545 provides an output pin called Flat Panel Interface characteristics are controlled by
ACTI (pin 53) to facilitate an orderly power-down a subset of the Extension Registers. These
sequence. The ACTI output is an active high signal Registers select the panel type, data formatting,
which is driven high every time a valid VGA panel configuration, panel size, clock selection and
memory read/write operation or VGA I/O video polarity. Since the 65540 / 545 is designed to
read/write operation is executed by the CPU. This support a wide range of panel types and sizes, the
signal may be used by power management circuitry control of these features is fully programmable.
to put the 65540 / 545 in Panel Off or Standby The video polarity of text and graphics modes is
power down modes. The 65540 / 545 may also independently selectable to allow black text on a
evoke its own low power operation by using the white background and still provide normal graphics
activity timer which monitors the ACTI signal. The images.
activity timer will either disable the backlight or
evoke Panel Off mode after a specified time Alternate Panel Timing Registers
interval. This time interval is programmed in 30
second intervals via Extension Register XR5C. Flat panel displays usually require sync signal
timing that is different from a CRT. To provide full
FULL COMPATIBILITY compatibility with the IBM VGA standard,
alternate timing registers are used to allow
The 65540 / 545 is fully compatible with the IBM™ independent timing of the sync signals for flat panel
VGA standard at the hardware, register, and BIOS displays. Unlike the values programmed into the
level. The 65540 / 545 also provides enhanced standard CRT timing registers, the value
backward compatibility to EGA™ and CGA™ programmed into the alternate timing registers is
standards without using NMIs. These controllers dependent on the panel type used and is
include a variety of features to provide independent of the display mode.
compatibility on flat panel displays in addition to
CRT monitors. Internal compensation techniques Context Switching
ensure that industry-standard software designed for
different displays can be executed on the single flat For support of multi-tasking, windowing, and
panel used in an implementation. Mode context switching, the entire state of the 65540 /
initialization is supported at the BIOS and register 545 (internal registers) is readable and writable.
levels, ensuring compatibility with all application This feature is fully compatible with IBM's VGA.
software. Additional registers are provided to allow read back
of internal latches not readable in the IBM VGA.
Write Protection
The 65540 / 545 has the ability to write protect
most of the standard VGA registers. This feature is
used to provide backwards compatibility with
software written for older generation display types.
The write protection is grouped into register sets
and controlled by the Write Protect Register
(XR15).
Extension Registers
The 65540 / 545 employs an "Extension" Register
set to control its enhanced features. These
Extension Registers provide control of the flat panel
interface, flat panel timing, vertical compensation,
SMARTMAP™, and Backwards Compatibility.
These registers are always accessible as an
index/data register set at port addresses 3D6-3D7h.
None of the unused bits in the regular VGA
registers are used for extensions.
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RESET, SETUP, AND TEST MODES low (MAD0 pin 162). The 65540 / 545 will exit
Tri-State mode with the enabling memory data pin
Reset Mode (MAD0) high or RESET# low.
When this mode is activated by pulling the RESET# ICT (In-Circuit Test) Mode
pin low, the 65540 / 545 is forced to VGA-compati-
ble mode and the CRT is selected as the active dis- In this mode, all digital pins of the 65540 / 545 chip
play. In addition, the 65540 / 545 is disabled; it may be tested individually to determine if they are
must be enabled after deactivating the RESET# pin properly connected (the analog RGB and RESET#
by writing to the Global Enable Register (102h in pins cannot be tested in ICT mode). The 65540 /
Setup Mode for ISA bus configurations or to port 545 will enter ICT mode if it sees a rising edge on
3C3h or Local Bus configurations). Access to all XTALI during RESET with one of the display
Extension Registers is always enabled after reset (at memory data pins pulled low (a different pin from
3D6/3D7h). The RESET# pin must be active for at the one used to enable Tri-state mode: MAD1). In
least 64 clock cycles. ICT mode, all digital signal pins become inputs
which are part of a long path starting at ENAVDD
Setup Mode (pin 62) and proceeding to lower pin numbers
around the chip to pin 1 (except analog pins 55, 57,
In this mode, only the Global Enable register is 58, and 60) then to pin 208 and ending at VSYNC
accessible. In IBM-compatible PC implementa- (pin 64). If all pins in the path are high, the
tions, setup mode is entered by writing a 1 to bit-4 VSYNC output will be high. If any pin is low, the
of port 46E8h. This port is incorporated in the VSYNC output will be low. Thus the chip can be
65540 / 545. While in Setup mode, the video checked in circuit to determine if all pins are
output is active if it was active prior to entering connected properly by toggling all pins one at a
Setup mode and inactive if it was inactive prior to time (XTALI last) and observing the effect on
entering Setup mode. After power up, video BIOS VSYNC. XTALI must be toggled last because
can optionally disable the video 46E8 or 3C3 rising edges on XTALI with either of the enabling
registers (via XR70) for compatibility in case other memory data pins high or RESET# low will exit
non-IBM-compatible peripheral devices use those ICT mode. As a side effect, ICT mode effectively
ports. Tri-States all pins except VSYNC.
Tri-State Mode
In this mode, all output pins of the 65540 / 545 chip
may be disabled for testing of circuitry external to
the chip. The 65540 / 545 will enter Tri-State mode
if it sees a rising edge on XTALI during RESET
with one of the display memory data pins pulled
Display
Mode of RESET# STNDBY# Memory Video
Operation Pin†† Pin Access Output
Reset Low xxx ----- -----
Setup ----- ----- No Yes
Test ----- ----- No Yes
Standby† High Low No No
Panel-Off†† High High Yes No
† It is illegal to go from Panel-Off Mode to Standby Mode. Panel-Off Mode must be exited first and a delay must
occur of twice the value programmed into XR5B[7-4] prior to entering Standby Mode.
†† In 65540 ES Silicon reset is active high (RESET); in all following revisions reset is active low (RESET#).
Reset / Setup / Test / Standby / Panel-Off Mode Summary
Revision 1.2 18 65540 / 545

®
CHIP ARCHITECTURE graphic modes the 4-bit pixel data acts as an index
into a set of 16 internal color look-up registers
The 65540 / 545 integrates six major internal which generate a 6-bit color value. Two additional
modules: bits of color data are added to provide an 8-bit
Sequencer address to the VGA color palette. In 256-color
modes, two 4-bit values may be passed through the
The Sequencer generates all CPU and display color look-up registers and assembled into one 8-bit
memory timing. It controls CPU access of display video data value. In high-resolution 256-color
memory by inserting cycles dedicated to CPU modes, an 8-bit video data value may be provided
access. It also contains mask registers which can directly, bypassing the attribute controller color
prevent writes to individual display memory planes. lookup registers. Text and cursor blink, underline
CRT Controller and horizontal scrolling are also the responsibility
of the Attribute Controller.
The CRT Controller generates all the sync and
timing signals for the display and also generates the VGA / Color Palette DAC
multiplexed row and column addresses used for The 65540 / 545 integrates a VGA compatible triple
both display refresh and CPU access of display 6-bit Color Lookup Table (sometimes referred to as
memory. a "CLUT" or just "LUT") and high speed 6/8-bit
Graphics Controller DACs. Additionally true color bypass modes are
supported displaying color depths of up to 24bpp
The Graphics Controller interfaces the 8, 16, or 32- (8-red, 8-green, 8-blue). The palette DAC can
bit CPU data bus to the 32-bit internal data bus used switch between true color data and LUT data on a
by the four planes (Maps) of display memory. It pixel by pixel basis. Thus, video overlays may be
also latches and supplies display memory data to any arbitrary shape and can lie on any pixel
the Attribute Controller for use in refreshing the boundary. The hardware cursor is also a true color
screen image. For text modes this data is supplied bitmap which may overlay on any pixel boundary.
in parallel form (character generator data and
attribute code); for graphics modes it is converted to The internal palette DAC register I/O addresses
serial form (one bit from each of four bytes form a and functionality are 100% compatible with the
single pixel). The Graphics Controller can also VGA standard. In all bus interfaces the palette
perform any one of several types of logical DAC automatically controls accesses to its registers
operations on data while reading it from or writing to avoid data overrun. This is handled by holding
it to display memory or the CPU data bus. RDY in the ISA configuration and by delaying
RDY# for VL-Bus and local bus interfaces.
Attribute Controller
Extended RAMDAC display modes are selected in
The Attribute Controller generates the 4-bit-wide the Palette Control Register (XR06). Two 16bpp
video data stream used to refresh the display. This formats are supported: 5-red, 5-green, 5-blue Targa
is created in text modes from a font pattern and an format and 5-red, 6-green, 5-blue XGA format.
attribute code which pass through a parallel to serial The internal Palette / DAC may also be disabled via
conversion. In graphics modes, the display memory the Palette Control Register (XR06).
contains the 4-bit pixel data. In text and 16 color
Red
RGB5-6-5ExternalVideo 24
HighColorPixelData Green
Blue
8 Triple6-bit 18
LUTPixelData LUT
Color Palette / DAC Internal Block Diagram
Revision 1.2 19 65540 / 545

®
Clock Synthesizers
Integrated clock synthesizers support all pixel clock frequencies are set via a programmable 18-bit
(VCLK) and memory clock (MCLK) frequencies divisor value which contains fields for Phase Lock
which may be required by the 65540 / 545. Each of Loop (PLL), Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
the two clock synthesizers may be programmed to and Pre/Post Divide Control. A block diagram
output frequencies ranging between 1MHz and the showing the clock synthesizer registers is included
maximum specified operating frequency for that below. Refer to the Functional Description section
clock in increments not exceeding 0.5%. The of this document for additional information.
VCLKRegisterTable
VGA CLK0 = 25.175MHz
21
VGA CLK1 = 28.322MHz VCLK Synthesizer
CLK2 = Programmable
XR32:30
MCLKRegisterTable
21
MCLK = Programmable MCLK Synthesizer
CLKSEL1:0
MISC Output Reg[3:2]
Clock Synthesizer Register Diagram
Revision 1.2 20 65540 / 545

®
CONFIGURATION INPUTS read a selected bit from the 'virtual switch register'
(an extension register set up by BIOS at
The 65540 / 545 can read up to nine configuration initialization time) instead of reading the state of the
bits. These signals are sampled on memory address internal comparator output.
bus AA0-AA8 on the trailing edge of Reset. The
65540 / 545 implements pull-up resistors on-chip LIGHT PEN REGISTERS
on all configuration input pins. If the user wishes to
force a certain option, then a 4.7K ohm resistor may In the CGA and Hercules modes, the contents of the
be used to pull-down the desired configuration pin. Display Address counter are saved at the end of the
65540 / 545 frame before being reset. The saved value can be
Pin # Signal Active Functionality
read in the CRT Controller Register space at indices
10h and 11h. This allows simulation of a light pen
145 LB# Low Bus Configuration hit in CGA and Hercules modes.
146 ISA# Low Bus Configuration
147 2X# Low 2xCPU Clock Select BIOS ROM INTERFACE
148 — Low Reserved In typical ISA bus and VL-Bus applications, the
149 — Low Reserved (Do Not Use) 65540 / 545 is placed on the motherboard and the
150 OS# Low External Oscillator Select video BIOS is integrated with the system BIOS (in
151 AD# Low ENABKL/ACTI=A26,A27 PCI Bus, the video BIOS is always included in the
152 TS# Low Test Mode Enable system BIOS). A separate signal (ROMCS#) is
153 LV# Low Low Voltage Select generated on the A24 pin for ISA bus or may be
created external to the 65540 / 545 for imple-
2X# ISA# LB# menting a separate external ROM BIOS.
(AA2) (AA1) (AA0) Bus Functionality
Pin 147 Pin 146 Pin 145 Typically, an 8-bit BIOS is implemented with one
external ROM chip. A 16-bit dedicated video BIOS
Low Low Low Reserved ROM could be implemented with the 65540 / 545 if
Low Low High Reserved required using two BIOS ROM chips, an external
Low High Low Reserved PAL, and a 74LS244 buffer. However, a higher-
Low High High 32-bit CPU Bus (2x clk) performance and lower-cost video system will
High Low Low Reserved result from implementation of the video BIOS as
High Low High 16-bit ISA Bus either an 8-bit dedicated video BIOS ROM or as
part of the system BIOS and having the video BIOS
High High Low PCI Bus (65545 only) be copied into system RAM by the system BIOS on
High High High 32-bit VL-Bus (1x clk) startup.
AA2 determines the CPU clock rate for purposes of Chips and Technologies, Inc. supplies a video BIOS
local bus implementation (0=2x CPU clock, 1=1x that is optimized for the 65540 / 545 hardware. The
CPU clock). AA3 has no hardware function, but BIOS supports the extended functions of the 65540
the status of the pin is latched in extension register / 545, such as switching between the flat panel and
1 bit 3 on reset so it may be used to input system- the CRT, SMARTMAP™, Vertical Compensation,
specific information. AA4 is reserved and should and palette load/save. The BIOS Modification
be sampled high on reset. AA5, if forced to 0, Program (BMP) enables OEMs to tailor their
indicates that a reference frequency of 14.31818 feature set by programming the extended functions.
MHz must be input on XTALI (pin 203). AA6 CHIPS offers the BIOS as a standard production
selects between ACTI/ENABKL and A26-27 on version, a customized version, or as source code.
pins 53-54 (default is ENABKL and ACTI). AA7,
when forced low, enables clock test mode (VCLK PACKAGE
and MCLK are output on A24-25 (pins 29-30).
AA8, when forced low, selects 3.3V level of The 65540 / 545 is available in a EIAJ-standard
operation for the internal logic and the clock core. 208-pin plastic flat pack with a 28 x 28 mm body
size and 0.5 mm (19.7 mil) lead pitch.
VIRTUAL SWITCH REGISTER
The 65540 / 545 implements a 'virtual switch
register'. In 'EGA' mode, the sense bit of the
Feature control register (3C2 bit 4) may be set up to
Revision 1.2 21 65540 / 545

®
APPLICATION SCHEMATIC EXAMPLES

This document includes application schematic
examples of the following:
1. Bus Interface - 16-bit EISA/ISA Bus
Bus Interface - 32-bit 486 Local Bus (1x Clock)
Bus Interface - 32-bit VL-Bus (1x Clock)
Bus Interface - 32-bit PCI Bus
2. Display Memory Interface
3. CRT / Panel Interface

4. PC Video Interface
Revision 1.2 22 65540 / 545

®
Pin Diagram
(ISA#)
(AD#)
(LV#)
(OS#)
(LB#)
(2X#)
(TS#)
DRAM"B" DRAM"C"
DisplayMemoryUpper512KB FrameBuffer
or
(CFG8)
(CFG7)
(CFG6)
(CFG5)
(CFG4)
(CFG3)
(CFG2)
(CFG1)
(CFG0)
MCD11 (VG7)
MCD10 (VG6)
MCD9 (VG5)
MCD8 (VG4)
MCD7 (VG3)
MCD6 (VG2)
(VR0)
MCD15 (VR5)
MCD14 (VR4)
MCD13 (VR3)
MCD12 (VR2)
MCD5 (VB7)
MCD4 (VB6)
MCD3 (VB5)
MCD2 (VB4)
MCD1 (VB3)
MCD0 (VB2)
24-Bit
PC-Video
MGNDC
MGNDB
CASBH#
MVCCC
Interface
MVCCB
CASBL#
DRAM"A"
MBD15
MBD14
MBD13
MBD12
MBD11
MBD10
OEAB#
RASA#
RASB#
MBD9
MBD8
MBD7
MBD6
MBD5
MBD4
MBD3
MBD2
MBD1
MBD0
WEB#
DisplayMemory AA9
AA8
AA7
AA6
AA5
AA4
AA3
AA2
AA1
AA0
Lower512KB
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
156
155
(32KHZ) 154
153
152
151
150
149
148
147
146
145
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
(WEBL#) 126
(CASB#) 125
(WEBH#) 124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
(WEAH#) WEA# 157 104 (WECL#) (VR6) CASCL#
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
MVCCA 158 Configuration Pins 103 (CASC#) (VR7) CASCH#
(CASA#) CASAH# 159 2X# = 0 2X LCLK 102 (WECH#) (PCLK) WEC#
(WEAL#) CASAL# 160 OS# = 0 External Oscillator (1=Xtal) 101 (KEY) RASC#
MGNDA 161 AD# = 0 ENABKL & ACTI are A26,A27 100 (VR1) OEC#
(TSENA#) MAD0 162 99 (VG0) CA9
(ICTENA#) MAD1 163 TS# = 0 Enable Clock Test Mode 98 (VG1) CA8
MAD2 164 LV# = 0 Input Threshold Level Control 97 (P23) CA7
MAD3 165 96 (P22) CA6
MAD4 166 95 (P21) CA5
MAD5 167 94 (P20) CA4
MAD6 168 93 (P19) CA3
MAD7 169 92 (P18) CA2
MAD8 170 91 (P17) CA1
MAD9
MAD10
MAD11
MAD12
MAD13
171
172
173
174
175
65540 90
89
88
87
86
(P16) CA0
DGND
P15
P14
P13
MAD14
MAD15
STNDBY#
A2
176
177
178
179 <A2>
Flat Panel VGA Controller 85
84
83
82
P12
P11
P10
P9
A3 180 <A3> 10/30/95 81 P8
IVCC 181 Panel 80 IVCC
A4 182 <A4> Interface 79 P7
A5 183 <A5> 78 P6
IGND 184 Group 77 IGND
A6 185 <A6> Pin names shown indicate VL-Bus connections (Default) 76 P5
Bus A7 186 <A7> Pin names in brackets <...> indicate ISA-Bus connections (ISA# = 0) 75 P4
A8 187 <A8> 74 P3
Interface A9 188 <A9> Pin names in parentheses indicate alternate functions 73 P2
Group A10 189 <A10> 72 P1
A11 190 <A11> 71 P0
A12 191 <A12> 70 SHFCLK
(MCLKOUT)††
A13 192 <A13> (DE)(BLANK#) 69 M

A14 193 <A14> (DE)(BLANK#) 68 LP
<ROMCS#> (VCLKOUT)††
A15 194 <A15> 67 FLM

A16 195 <A16> 66 DVCC
<MEMW#> (CRESET)†
A17 196 <LA17> 65 HSYNC

A18 197 <LA18> 64 VSYNC
A19 198 <LA19> 63 DGND
A20 199 <LA20> 62 ENAVDD
A21 200 <LA21> (ENABKL) 61 ENAVEE
A22 201 <LA22> 60 RED
CGND0 202 DAC 59 AVCC
XTALI 203 58 GREEN
<IOCS16#>
<MCS16#>
Clock XTALO
<MEMR#>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
Group 57
<IOWR#>
204 BLUE
<RFSH#>
<IORD#>
<ZWS#>
<BHE#>
Group CVCC0
<LA23>
205 56 AGND
<RDY>
<AEN>
<ALE>
<IRQ>
<D15>
<D14>
<D13>
<D12>
<D11>
<D10>
CVCC1 206 55 RSET

<A1>
<D9>
<D8>
<A0>
<D7>
<D6>
<D5>
<D4>
<D3>
<D2>
<D1>
<D0>
††† RESET# 207 54 ENABKL

CGND1 208 53 ACTI
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
Bus
BGND
BGND
BGND
BGND
BVCC
RDYRTN#
LDEV#
LCLK
BVCC
LRDY#
ADS#
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D31
D30
D29
D28
D27
D26
D25
D24
BE3#
W/R#
D23
D22
D21
D20
D19
D18
D17
D16
BE2#
A23
A24
A25
M/IO#
BE1#
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
BE0#
Interface
Group
ENABKL = (GPIO) (A27) (VB1)

ACTI = (GPIO) (A26) (VB0)
† In 2x clock mode, pin 23 becomes CRESET instead of RDYRTN#

†† In Test mode, pin 29 becomes VCLKOUT and pin 30 becomes MCLKOUT
††† In 65540 ES Silicon reset is active high (RESET); in all following revisions reset is active low (RESET#).
Revision 1.2 23 65540 / 545
®
Pin Diagram
(ISA#)
(AD#)
(LV#)
DRAM"B"
(OS#)
(LB#)
(2X#)
(TS#)
DRAM"C"
DisplayMemoryUpper512KB FrameBuffer
or
(CFG8)
(CFG7)
(CFG6)
(CFG5)
(CFG4)
(CFG3)
(CFG2)
(CFG1)
(CFG0)
MCD11 (VG7)
MCD10 (VG6)
MCD9 (VG5)
MCD8 (VG4)
MCD7 (VG3)
MCD6 (VG2)
(VR0)
MCD15 (VR5)
MCD14 (VR4)
MCD13 (VR3)
MCD12 (VR2)
MCD5 (VB7)
MCD4 (VB6)
MCD3 (VB5)
MCD2 (VB4)
MCD1 (VB3)
MCD0 (VB2)
24-Bit
PC-Video
MGNDC
MGNDB
CASBH#
MVCCC
Interface
MVCCB
CASBL#
DRAM"A"
MBD15
MBD14
MBD13
MBD12
MBD11
MBD10
OEAB#
RASA#
RASB#
MBD9
MBD8
MBD7
MBD6
MBD5
MBD4
MBD3
MBD2
MBD1
MBD0
WEB#
DisplayMemory
AA9
AA8
AA7
AA6
AA5
AA4
AA3
AA2
AA1
AA0
Lower512KB
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
156
155
(32KHZ) 154
153
152
151
150
149
148
147
146
145
144
143
142
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
(WEBL#) 126
(CASB#) 125
(WEBH#) 124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
(WEAH#) WEA# 157 104 (WECL#) (VR6) CASCL#
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
MVCCA 158 Configuration Pins 103 (CASC#) (VR7) CASCH#
(CASA#) CASAH# 159 2X# = 0 2X LCLK 102 (WECH#) (PCLK) WEC#
(WEAL#) CASAL# 160 OS# = 0 External Oscillator (1=Xtal) 101 (KEY) RASC#
MGNDA 161 100 (VR1) OEC#
(TSENA#) MAD0 162 AD# = 0 ENABKL & ACTI are A26,A27 99 (VG0) CA9
(ICTENA#) MAD1 163 TS# = 0 Enable Clock Test Mode 98 (VG1) CA8
MAD2 164 LV# = 0 Input Threshold Level Control 97 (P23) CA7
MAD3 165 96 (P22) CA6
MAD4 166 95 (P21) CA5
MAD5 167 94 (P20) CA4
MAD6 168 93 (P19) CA3
MAD7 169 92 (P18) CA2
MAD8 170 91 (P17) CA1
MAD9
MAD10
MAD11
MAD12
MAD13
171
172
173
174
175
65545 90
89
88
87
86
(P16) CA0
DGND
P15
P14
P13
MAD14
MAD15
STNDBY#
176
177
178
Flat Panel VGA Controller 85
84
83
P12
P11
P10
"reserved" A2 179 <A2> Panel 82 P9
"reserved" A3 180 <A3> 10/30/95 81
Interface 80
P8
IVCC 181 IVCC
"reserved" A4 182 <A4> Group 79 P7
"reserved" A5 183 <A5> 78 P6
IGND 184 Pin names shown indicate VL-Bus connections (Default) 77 IGND
"reserved" A6 185 <A6> 76 P5
"reserved" A7 186 <A7> Pin names in brackets <...> indicate ISA-Bus connections (ISA# = 0) 75 P4
"reserved" A8 187 <A8> Pin names in quotes "..." indicate PCI-Bus connections (LB# = 0) 74 P3
"reserved" A9 188 <A9> 73 P2
"reserved" A10 189 <A10> Pin names in parentheses indicate alternate functions 72 P1
"reserved" A11 190 <A11> 71 P0
"reserved" A12 191 <A12> 70 SHFCLK
"reserved" A13 192 <A13> (DE)(BLANK#) 69 M
(MCLKOUT)††
(VCLKOUT)††
"reserved" A14 193 <A14> (DE)(BLANK#) 68 LP

"reserved" A15 194 <A15> 67 FLM
(CRESET)†
"reserved" A16 195 <A16> 66 DVCC

"reserved" A17 196 <LA17> 65 HSYNC
"reserved" A18 197 <LA18> 64 VSYNC
"reserved" A19 198 <LA19> 63 DGND
"reserved" A20 199 <LA20> 62 ENAVDD
"reserved" A21 200 <LA21> (ENABKL) 61 ENAVEE
"CLK" A22 201 <LA22> 60 RED
CGND0 202 DAC 59 AVCC
<ROMCS#>
Clock XTALI 203

Group 58 GREEN
<MEMW#>
<IOCS16#>
<MCS16#>
<MEMR#>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<reserved>
<IOWR#>
XTALO 204 57 BLUE

<RFSH#>
<IORD#>
Group CVCC0
<ZWS#>
<BHE#>
<LA23>
205 56 AGND
<RDY>
<AEN>
<ALE>
<IRQ>
<D15>
<D14>
<D13>
<D12>
<D11>
<D10>
CVCC1 206 55 RSET

<A1>
<D9>
<D8>
<A0>
<D7>
<D6>
<D5>
<D4>
<D3>
<D2>
<D1>
<D0>
RESET# 207 54 ENABKL

CGND1 208 53 ACTI
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
Bus
BGND
BGND
BGND
BGND
BVCC
"IRDY#" RDYRTN#
LDEV#
LCLK
BVCC
LRDY#
ADS#
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D31
D30
D29
D28
D27
D26
D25
D24
BE3#
W/R#
D23
D22
D21
D20
D19
D18
D17
D16
BE2#
A23
A24
A25
M/IO#
BE1#
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
BE0#
Interface
Group
"DEVSEL#"
"IDSEL"
"TRDY#"
"FRAME#"
"STOP#"
"PAR"
"AD9"
"AD8"
"AD7"
"AD6"
"AD5"
"AD4"
"AD3"
"AD2"
"AD1"
"AD0"
"PERR#"
"SERR#"
"AD31"
"AD30"
"AD29"
"AD28"
"AD27"
"AD26"
"AD25"
"AD24"
"AD23"
"AD22"
"AD21"
"AD20"
"AD19"
"AD18"
"AD17"
"AD16"
"AD15"
"AD14"
"AD13"
"AD12"
"AD11"
"AD10"
"reserved"
"C/BE3#"
"C/BE2#"
"C/BE1#"
"C/BE0#"
ACTI = (GPIO) (A26) (VB0)

ENABKL = (GPIO) (A27) (VB1)
† In 2x clock mode, pin 23 becomes CRESET instead of RDYRTN#

†† In Test mode, pin 29 becomes VCLKOUT and pin 30 becomes MCLKOUT
Revision 1.2 24 65540 / 545

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Pin List
Pin Name Pin # Dir Drive Pin Name Pin # Dir Drive Pin Name Pin # Dir Drive
A2 179 In — D0 "AD0" 51 I/O 8mA MBD4 131 I/O 2mA
A14 193 In — D12 "AD12" 36 I/O 8mA MCD0 (VB2) 106 I/O 2mA
A17 (LA17) 196 In — D15 "AD15" 33 I/O 8mA MCD3 (VB5) 110 I/O 2mA
A18 (LA18) 197 In — D16 (ZWS#) "AD16" 20 I/O 8mA MCD4 (VB6) 111 I/O 2mA
A19 (LA19) 198 In — D17 (MCS16#) "AD17" 19 I/O 8mA MCD5 (VB7) 112 I/O 2mA
A20 (LA20) 199 In — D18 (IOCS16#) "AD18" 18 I/O 8mA MCD6 (VG2) 113 I/O 2mA
A21 (LA21) 200 In — D19 "AD19" 17 I/O 8mA MCD7 (VG3) 114 I/O 2mA
A22 (LA22) "CLK" 201 In — D20 "AD20" 16 I/O 8mA MCD8 (VG4) 115 I/O 2mA
A23 (LA23) 28 In — D21 "AD21" 15 I/O 8mA MCD9 (VG5) 116 I/O 2mA
A24 (ROMCS#) "PERR#" 29 I/O 8mA D22 "AD22" 14 I/O 8mA MCD10 (VG6) 117 I/O 2mA
A25 (IRQ) "SERR#" 30 I/O 8mA D23 "AD23" 13 I/O 8mA MCD11 (VG7) 118 I/O 2mA
AA0 (CFG0) (LB#) 145 I/O 4mA D24 "AD24" 8 I/O 8mA MCD12 (VR2) 119 I/O 2mA
AA1 (CFG1) (ISA#) 146 I/O 4mA D25 "AD25" 7 I/O 8mA MCD13 (VR3) 120 I/O 2mA
AA2 (CFG2) (2X#) 147 I/O 4mA D26 "AD26" 6 I/O 8mA MCD14 (VR4) 121 I/O 2mA
AA3 (CFG3) 148 I/O 4mA D27 "AD27" 5 I/O 8mA MCD15 (VR5) 122 I/O 2mA
AA4 (CFG4) 149 I/O 4mA D28 "AD28" 4 I/O 8mA MGNDA (Memory A) 161 — —
AA5 (CFG5) (OS#) 150 I/O 4mA D29 "AD29" 3 I/O 8mA MGNDB (Memory B) 139 — —
AA6 (CFG6) (AD#) 151 I/O 4mA D30 "AD30" 2 I/O 8mA MGNDC (Memory C) 105 — —
AA7 (CFG7) (TS#) 152 I/O 4mA D31 "AD31" 1 I/O 8mA M/IO# (AEN) "PAR" 31 I/O† 4mA
AA8 (CFG8) (LV#) 153 I/O 4mA DGND (Display) 63 — — MVCCA (Memory A) 158 — —
AA9 (32KHZ) (VR0) 154 I/O 4mA DGND (Display) 89 — — MVCCB (Memory B) 142 — —
ACTI (A26) (VB0) 53 I/O 8mA DVCC (Display) 66 — — MVCCC (Memory C) 108 — —
ADS# (ALE) "FRAME#" 22 In — ENABKL(A27) (VB1) 54 I/O 8mA OEAB# 155 Out 4mA
AGND 56 — — ENAVDD 62 Out 8mA OEC# (VR1) 100 I/O 4mA
AVCC 59 — — ENAVEE(ENABKL) 61 Out 8mA P0 71 Out 8mA
BE0# (A0) "C/BE0#" 43 In — FLM 67 Out 8mA P1 72 Out 8mA
BE1# (BHE#) "C/BE1#" 32 In — GREEN 58 Out — P2 73 Out 8mA
BE2# (A1) "C/BE2#" 21 In — HSYNC 65 Out 12mA P3 74 Out 8mA
BE3# (RFSH#) "C/BE3#" 10 In — IGND (Internal Logic) 77 — — P4 75 Out 8mA
BLUE 57 Out — IGND (Internal Logic) 184 — — P5 76 Out 8mA
BGND (Bus) 12 — — IVCC (Internal Logic) 80 — — P6 78 Out 8mA
BGND (Bus) 26 — — IVCC (Internal Logic) 181 — — P7 79 Out 8mA
BGND (Bus) 39 — — LCLK (IORD#) "STOP#" 27 In — P8 81 Out 8mA
BGND (Bus) 52 — — LDEV# (IOWR#) "DEVSEL#" 25 I/O 12mA P9 82 Out 8mA
BVCC (Bus) 9 — — LRDY# (RDY) "TRDY#" 24 Out 12mA P10 83 Out 8mA
BVCC (Bus) 42 — — LP (BLANK#) (DE) 68 Out 8mA P11 84 Out 8mA
CA0 (P16) 90 Out 4mA M (BLANK#) (DE) 69 Out 8mA P12 85 Out 8mA
CA1 (P17) 91 Out 4mA MAD0 (TSENA#) 162 I/O 2mA P13 86 Out 8mA
CA2 (P18) 92 Out 4mA MAD1 (ICTENA#) 163 I/O 2mA P14 87 Out 8mA
CA3 (P19) 93 Out 4mA MAD2 164 I/O 2mA P15 88 Out 8mA
CA4 (P20) 94 Out 4mA MAD3 165 I/O 2mA RASA# 156 Out 4mA
CA5 (P21) 95 Out 4mA MAD4 166 I/O 2mA RASB# 123 Out 4mA
CA6 (P22) 96 Out 4mA MAD5 167 I/O 2mA RASC# (KEY) 101 I/O 4mA
CA7 (P23) 97 Out 4mA MAD6 168 I/O 2mA RRTN#<MEMW#>"IRDY#" 23 In —
CA8 (VG1) 98 I/O 4mA MAD7 169 I/O 2mA RED 60 Out —
CA9 (VG0) 99 I/O 4mA MAD8 170 I/O 2mA RESET# (540 Rev 0=RESET) 207 In —
CASAH# (CASA#) 159 Out 4mA MAD9 171 I/O 2mA RSET 55 In —
CASAL# (WEAL#) 160 Out 4mA MAD10 172 I/O 2mA SHFCLK 70 Out 8mA
CASBH# (CASB#) 125 Out 4mA MAD11 173 I/O 2mA STNDBY# 178 In —
CASBL# (WEBL#) 126 Out 4mA MAD12 174 I/O 2mA VSYNC 64 Out 12mA
CASCH# (CASC#) (VR7) 103 I/O 4mA MAD13 175 I/O 2mA WEA# (WEAH#) 157 Out 4mA
CASCL# (WECL#) (VR6) 104 I/O 4mA MAD14 176 I/O 2mA WEB# (WEBH#) 124 Out 4mA
CGND0 (Clock) 202 — — MAD15 177 I/O 2mA WEC# (WECH#)(PCLK) 102 Out 4mA
CGND1 (Clock) 208 — — MBD0 127 I/O 2mA W/R# (MEMR#) "IDSEL" 11 In —
CVCC0 (Clock) 205 — — MBD1 128 I/O 2mA XTALI 203 In —
CVCC1 (Clock) 206 — — MBD2 129 I/O 2mA XTALO 204 Out —
Note: Drive = 5V low drive and 3V high drive.MBD3 130 I/O 2mA † I/O in 65545 only for PCI, In for 65540
Revision 1.2 25 65540 / 545

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Pin Lists
PIN LIST - BUS INTERFACE

Pin # TypeVCC Plane IOH IOL Load 65545 PCI Bus VL-Bus CPUDirectLB ISA Bus
207 In Bus – – – RESET# RESET# RESET# RESET#
25 I/O Bus –12 12 150 DEVSEL# LDEV# LDEV# IOWR#
24 Out Bus –12 12 150 TRDY# LRDY# LRDY# RDY
23 In Bus – – – IRDY# RDYRTN# CRESET MEMW#
11 I/O Bus –4 4 150 IDSEL W/R# W/R# MEMR#
31 I/O Bus –4 4 150 PAR M/IO# M/IO# AEN
22 In Bus – – – FRAME# ADS# ADS# ALE
27 In Bus – – – STOP# LCLK CLK2X IORD#
32 In Bus – – – C/BE1# BE1# BE1# BHE#
10 In Bus – – – C/BE3# BE3# BE3# RFSH#
43 In Bus – – – C/BE0# BE0# BE0# A0
21 In Bus – – – C/BE2# BE2# BE2# A1
179 In Bus – – – – A2 A2 A2
180 In Bus – – – – A3 A3 A3
182 In Bus – – – – A4 A4 A4
183 In Bus – – – – A5 A5 A5
185 In Bus – – – – A6 A6 A6
186 In Bus – – – – A7 A7 A7
187 In Bus – – – – A8 A8 A8
188 In Bus – – – – A9 A9 A9
189 In Bus – – – – A10 A10 A10
190 In Bus – – – – A11 A11 A11
191 In Bus – – – – A12 A12 A12
192 In Bus – – – – A13 A13 A13
193 In Bus – – – – A14 A14 A14
194 In Bus – – – – A15 A15 A15
195 In Bus – – – – A16 A16 A16
196 In Bus – – – – A17 A17 LA17
197 In Bus – – – – A18 A18 LA18
198 In Bus – – – – A19 A19 LA19
199 In Bus – – – – A20 A20 LA20
200 In Bus – – – – A21 A21 LA21
201 In Bus – – – CLK A22 A22 LA22
28 In Bus – – – – A23 A23 LA23
29 I/O Bus –8 8 150 PERR#†† A24†† A24†† ROMCS#††
30 I/O Bus –8 8 150 SERR#†† A25†† A25†† IRQ††
53 I/O Bus –8 8 150 ACTI A26 † A26 † ACTI
54 I/O Bus –8 8 150 ENABKL A27 † A27 † ENABKL
† These two pins usually function as ACTI and ENABKL, but can be reconfigured as additional address msbs (for 386/486/VL-Bus
only) via configuration bit-6 (see other tables and pin descriptions for more details)
†† In internal clock synthesizer test mode, MCLK is output on A25 and VCLK is output on A24.
LB# ISA# 2X# BusConfiguration

1 1 1 VL-Bus (1x clock) Pin-23 = RDYRTN#
1 1 0 CPU-Direct (2x clock) Pin-23 = CRESET
1 0 1 ISA Bus
1 0 0 -reserved-
0 1 1 PCI Bus (65545 only)
0 1 0 -reserved-
0 0 1 -reserved-
0 0 0 -reserved-
Note: I OL and IOH drive listed above indicates 5V low drive and 3.3V high drive (see also XR6C)
Note: I OL/IOH are specified in mA; Load is specified in pF
Revision 1.2 26 65540 / 545
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Pin Lists
PIN LIST - BUS INTERFACE

Pin # Type VCC Plane IOH IOL Load 65545 PCI Bus VL-Bus CPUDirectLB ISA Bus
51 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD0 D0 D0 D0
50 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD1 D1 D1 D1
49 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD2 D2 D2 D2
48 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD3 D3 D3 D3
47 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD4 D4 D4 D4
46 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD5 D5 D5 D5
45 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD6 D6 D6 D6
44 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD7 D7 D7 D7
41 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD8 D8 D8 D8
40 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD9 D9 D9 D9
38 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD10 D10 D10 D10
37 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD11 D11 D11 D11
36 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD12 D12 D12 D12
35 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD13 D13 D13 D13
34 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD14 D14 D14 D14
33 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD15 D15 D15 D15
20 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD16 D16 D16 ZWS#
19 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD17 D17 D17 MCS16#
18 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD18 D18 D18 IOCS16#
17 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD19 D19 D19 —
16 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD20 D20 D20 —
15 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD21 D21 D21 —
14 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD22 D22 D22 —
13 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD23 D23 D23 —
8 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD24 D24 D24 —
7 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD25 D25 D25 —
6 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD26 D26 D26 —
5 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD27 D27 D27 —
4 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD28 D28 D28 —
3 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD29 D29 D29 —
2 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD30 D30 D30 —
1 I/O Bus –8 8 150 AD31 D31 D31 —
Revision 1.2 27 65540 / 545
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Pin Lists
PIN LIST - DISPLAY MEMORY INTERFACE

Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function Alt Alt Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function Alt Alt
145 I/O –4 4 50 AA0 CFG0 – 162 I/O –2 2 30 MAD0
146 I/O –4 4 50 AA1 CFG1 – 163 I/O –2 2 30 MAD1
147 I/O –4 4 50 AA2 CFG2 – 164 I/O –2 2 30 MAD2
148 I/O –4 4 50 AA3 CFG3 – 165 I/O –2 2 30 MAD3
149 I/O –4 4 50 AA4 CFG4 – 166 I/O –2 2 30 MAD4
150 I/O –4 4 50 AA5 CFG5 – 167 I/O –2 2 30 MAD5
151 I/O –4 4 50 AA6 CFG6 – 168 I/O –2 2 30 MAD6
152 I/O –4 4 50 AA7 CFG7 – 169 I/O –2 2 30 MAD7
153 I/O –4 4 50 AA8 CFG8 – 170 I/O –2 2 30 MAD8
154 I/O –4 4 50 AA9 32KHZ VR0 171 I/O –2 2 30 MAD9
172 I/O –2 2 30 MAD10
90 Out –4 4 50 CA0 P16 – 173 I/O –2 2 30 MAD11
91 Out –4 4 50 CA1 P17 – 174 I/O –2 2 30 MAD12
92 Out –4 4 50 CA2 P18 – 175 I/O –2 2 30 MAD13
93 Out –4 4 50 CA3 P19 – 176 I/O –2 2 30 MAD14
94 Out –4 4 50 CA4 P20 – 177 I/O –2 2 30 MAD15
95 Out –4 4 50 CA5 P21 –
96 Out –4 4 50 CA6 P22 – 127 I/O –2 2 30 MBD0
97 Out –4 4 50 CA7 P23 – 128 I/O –2 2 30 MBD1
98 I/O –4 4 50 CA8 – VG1 129 I/O –2 2 30 MBD2
99 I/O –4 4 50 CA9 – VG0 130 I/O –2 2 30 MBD3
131 I/O –2 2 30 MBD4
156 Out –4 4 50 RASA# – – 132 I/O –2 2 30 MBD5
123 Out –4 4 50 RASB# – – 133 I/O –2 2 30 MBD6
101 I/O –4 4 50 RASC# – KEY 134 I/O –2 2 30 MBD7
135 I/O –2 2 30 MBD8
160 Out –4 4 50 CASAL# WEAL# – 136 I/O –2 2 30 MBD9
159 Out –4 4 50 CASAH# CASA# – 137 I/O –2 2 30 MBD10
126 Out –4 4 50 CASBL# WEBL# – 138 I/O –2 2 30 MBD11
125 Out –4 4 50 CASBH# CASB# – 140 I/O –2 2 30 MBD12
104 I/O –4 4 50 CASCL# WECL# VR6 141 I/O –2 2 30 MBD13
103 I/O –4 4 50 CASCH# CASC# VR7 143 I/O –2 2 30 MBD14
144 I/O –2 2 30 MBD15
157 Out –4 4 50 WEA# WEAH# –
124 Out –4 4 50 WEB# WEBH# – 106 I/O –2 2 30 MCD0 VB2
102 Out –4 4 50 WEC# WECH# PCLK 107 I/O –2 2 30 MCD1 VB3
109 I/O –2 2 30 MCD2 VB4
155 Out –4 4 50 OEAB# – – 110 I/O –2 2 30 MCD3 VB5
100 I/O –4 4 50 OEC# – VR1 111 I/O –2 2 30 MCD4 VB6
112 I/O –2 2 30 MCD5 VB7
113 I/O –2 2 30 MCD6 VG2
114 I/O –2 2 30 MCD7 VG3
115 I/O –2 2 30 MCD8 VG4
116 I/O –2 2 30 MCD9 VG5
117 I/O –2 2 30 MCD10 VG6
118 I/O –2 2 30 MCD11 VG7
119 I/O –2 2 30 MCD12 VR2
120 I/O –2 2 30 MCD13 VR3
121 I/O –2 2 30 MCD14 VR4
122 I/O –2 2 30 MCD15 VR5
Revision 1.2 28 65540 / 545
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Pin Lists
PIN PIST - CRT INTERFACE PIN LIST - POWER & GROUND

Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function Alt Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function
65 Out –12 12 150 HSYNC – 80 Vcc – – – IVCC
64 Out –12 12 150 VSYNC – 181 Vcc – – – IVCC
55 – – – – RSET –
60 Out – – – RED – 77 Gnd – – – IGND
58 Out – – – GREEN – 184 Gnd – – – IGND
57 Out – – – BLUE –
59 Vcc – – – AVCC –
56 Gnd – – – AGND – 9 Vcc – – – BVCC
42 Vcc – – – BVCC
PIN PIST - PANEL INTERFACE 12 Gnd – – – BGND
Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function Alt Alt 26 Gnd – – – BGND
39 Gnd – – – BGND
67 Out –8 8 80 FLM – 52 Gnd – – – BGND
68 Out –8 8 80 LP BLANK# DE
69 Out –8 8 80 M BLANK# DE
70 Out –8 8 80 SHFCLK – 158 Vcc – – – MVCCA
71 Out –8 8 80 P0 – 142 Vcc – – – MVCCB
72 Out –8 8 80 P1 – 108 Vcc – – – MVCCC
73 Out –8 8 80 P2 –
74 Out –8 8 80 P3 – 161 Gnd – – – MGNDA
75 Out –8 8 80 P4 – 139 Gnd – – – MGNDB
76 Out –8 8 80 P5 – 105 Gnd – – – MGNDC
78 Out –8 8 80 P6 –
79 Out –8 8 80 P7 –
81 Out –8 8 80 P8 – 66 Vcc – – – DVCC
82 Out –8 8 80 P9 –
83 Out –8 8 80 P10 – 63 Gnd – – – DGND
84 Out –8 8 80 P11 – 89 Gnd – – – DGND
85 Out –8 8 80 P12 –
86 Out –8 8 80 P13 – Note: IVCC must equal CVCC
87 Out –8 8 80 P14 –
88 Out –8 8 80 P15 –
PIN LIST - POWER MANAGEMENT

Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function Alt Alt
62 Out –8 8 80 ENAVDD – –
61 Out –8 8 80 ENAVEE ENABKL –
54 I/O –8 8 80 ENABKL A27 VB1
53 I/O –8 8 80 ACTI A26 VB0
178 In – – – STNDBY# – –
PIN LIST - CLOCK

Pin # Type IOH IOL Load Function Alt
203 In – – – XTALI –
204 Out –2 2 50 XTALO –
205 Vcc – – – CVCC0 –
206 Vcc – – – CVCC1 –
202 Gnd – – – CGND0 –
208 Gnd – – – CGND1 –
Note: CVCC must equal IVCC
Revision 1.2 29 65540 / 545
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Revision 1.2 30 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS ISA / CPU Direct / VL-Bus Interface
Pin # Pin Name Type Active Description

207 RESET# In Low Reset. For VL-Bus interfaces, connect to RESET#.
For direct CPU local bus interfaces, connect to the
system reset generated by the motherboard system logic
for all peripherals (not the RESET# pin of the
processor). For ISA bus interfaces, RESET must be
inverted before connection to this pin.
22 ADS# In Low Address Strobe. In VL-Bus and CPU local bus inter-
(ALE) In High faces indicates valid address and control signal infor-
mation is present. It is used for all decodes and to
indicate the start of a bus cycle.
31 M/IO# In Both Memory / IO. In VL-Bus and CPU local bus interfaces
(AEN) In High indicates memory or I/O cycle: 1 = memory, 0 = I/O.
11 W/R# In Both Write / Read. This control signal indicates a write
(MEMR#) In Low (high) or read (low) operation. It is sampled on the
rising edge of the (internal) 1x CPU clock when ADS#
is active.
23 RDYRTN# for 1x clock config In Low Ready Return. Handshaking signal in VL-Bus interface
CRESET for 2x clock config In High indicating synchronization of RDY# by the local bus
(MEMW#) In Low master / controller to the processor. Upon receipt of
this LCLK-synchronous signal the 65540 / 545 will
stop driving the bus (if a read cycle was active) and
terminate the current cycle.
24 LRDY# Out/OC Low Local Ready. Driven low during VL-Bus and CPU
(RDY) Out/OC High local bus cycles to indicate the current cycle should be
completed. This signal is driven high at the end of the
cycle, then tri-stated. In ISA bus interfaces, this signal
is active high and may be connected directly to the ISA
bus RDY pin.
25 LDEV# Out Low Local Device. In VL-Bus and CPU local bus interfaces,
(IOWR#) In Low this pin indicates that the 65540 / 545 owns the current
cycle based on the memory or I/O address which has
been broadcast. For VL-Bus, it is a direct output
reflecting a straight address decode.
27 LCLK In Both Local Clock. In VL-Bus this pin is connected to the
(IORD#) In Low CPU 1x clock. In CPU local bus interfaces it is
connected to the CPU 1x or 2x clock. If the input is a
2x clock, the processor reset signal must be connected
to CRESET (pin 23) for synchronization of the clock
phase.
Note: Pin names in parentheses (...) indicate alternate functions (in this case, ISA bus control)
Revision 1.2 31 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions

(continued)
43 BE0# (A0) (BLE#) In Low Byte Enable 0. Indicates data transfer on D7:D0 for the
current cycle. A0 address input in ISA interfaces. In
16-bit local bus interfaces indicates the low order byte at
the current (16-bit) word address is being accessed.
32 BE1# (BHE#) In Low Byte Enable 1. Indicates data transfer on D15:D8 for
the current cycle. In ISA, indicates high order byte at
the current (16-bit) word address is being accessed.
21 BE2# (A1) In Low Byte Enable 2. Indicates data transfer on D23:D16 for
the current cycle. A1 address in ISA & 16-bit local bus.
10 BE3# (RFSH#) In Low Byte Enable 3. BE3# indicates that data is to be trans-
ferred over the data bus on D31:24 during the current
access. Refresh input in ISA interfaces. Disconnected
in 16-bit local bus interfaces.
179 A2 In High System Address Bus. In ISA, VL-Bus, and direct CPU
180 A3 In High interfaces, the address pins are connected directly to the
182 A4 In High bus. In 386 SX local bus interfaces BE2# is address
183 A5 In High input A1, BE0# is BLE#, and BE1# is BHE#. In ISA
185 A6 In High bus interfaces BE2# is address A1, BE0# is address
186 A7 In High A0, BE1# is BHE#, A17-23 are LA17-23, and A24 is
187 A8 In High ROMCS# (indicates valid ROM access to memory
188 A9 In High address range 0C0000-0C7FFFh).
189 A10 In High
190 A11 In High Address inputs through A23 are always available; A24-
191 A12 In High 27 may be optionally used for other functions:
192 A13 In High In internal clock synthesizer test mode (TS#=0 at
193 A14 In High Reset), A24 becomes VCLK out and A25 becomes
194 A15 In High MCLK out.
195 A16 In High
196 A17 (LA17) In High A25 may alternately be used as a programmable polarity
197 A18 (LA18) In High IRQ output. Set when interrupt on VSYNC is enabled.
198 A19 (LA19) In High Cleared by reprogramming register 11h in the CRT
199 A20 (LA20) In High Controller. See also XR14 bit–7.
200 A21 (LA21) In High For 24-bit RGB Video input, A26-27 may be used as
201 A22 (LA22) In High the two lsbs of the Blue Video. Otherwise, A26 and
28 A23 (LA23) In High A27 may be used as General Purpose I/O pins or as
29 A24 (ROMCS#) (VOUT) I/O High Activity Indicator and Enable Backlight respectively (see
30 A25 (IRQ) (MOUT) I/O High panel interface pin descriptions and XR5C and XR72
for more details).
53 A26 (ACTI) (VB0) (GP0) I/O High
54 A27 (ENBKL) (VB1) (GP1) I/O High
Note: Pin names in parentheses (...) indicate alternate functions
Revision 1.2 32 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions

(continued)
51 D00 I/O High System Data Bus.

50 D01 I/O High
49 D02 I/O High In 32-bit CPU Local Bus designs these data lines
48 D03 I/O High connect directly to the processor data lines. On the VL-
47 D04 I/O High Bus they connect to the corresponding buffered or
46 D05 I/O High unbuffered data signal.
45 D06 I/O High
44 D07 I/O High In ISA bus interfaces, D16-18 become outputs for the
Zero Wait State, Memory Chip Select 16, and I/O Chip
41 D08 I/O High Select 16 respectively. In ISA bus interfaces D19-31
40 D09 I/O High are unused and should be left disconnected.
38 D10 I/O High
37 D11 I/O High
36 D12 I/O High
35 D13 I/O High
34 D14 I/O High
33 D15 I/O High
20 D16 (ZWS#) I/O High
19 D17 (MCS16#) I/O High
18 D18 (IOCS16#) I/O High
17 D19 I/O High
16 D20 I/O High
15 D21 I/O High
14 D22 I/O High
13 D23 I/O High
8 D24 I/O High
7 D25 I/O High
6 D26 I/O High
5 D27 I/O High
4 D28 I/O High
3 D29 I/O High
2 D30 I/O High
1 D31 I/O High
Revision 1.2 33 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS PCI Bus Interface

(65545 Only)
207 RESET# In Low Reset. This input is used to bring signals and registers
in the chip to a consistent state. All outputs from the
chip are tri-stated or driven to an inactive state.
201 CLK In High Bus Clock. This input provides the timing reference for
all bus transactions. All bus inputs except RESET# and
INTA# are sampled on the rising edge of CLK. CLK
may be any frequency from DC to 33MHz.
31 PAR I/O High Parity. This signal is used to maintain even parity
across AD0-31 and C/BE0-3#. PAR is stable and valid
one clock after the address phase. For data phases PAR
is stable and valid one clock after either IRDY# is
asserted on a write transaction or TRDY# is asserted on
a read transaction. Once PAR is valid, it remains valid
until one clock after the completion of the current data
phase (i.e., PAR has the same timing as AD0-31 but
delayed by one clock). The bus master drives PAR for
address and write data phases; the target drives PAR
for read data phases.
22 FRAME# In Low Cycle Frame. Driven by the current master to indicate

the beginning and duration of an access. Assertion
indicates a bus transaction is beginning (while asserted,
data transfers continue); de-assertion indicates the
transaction is in the final data phase.
23 IRDY# In Low Initiator Ready. Indicates the bus master's ability to

complete the current data phase of the transaction.
During a write, IRDY# indicates valid data is present on
AD0-31; during a read it indicates the master is
prepared to accept data. A data phase is completed on
any clock when both IRDY# and TRDY# are sampled
asserted (wait cycles are inserted until this occurs).
24 TRDY# S/TS Low Target Ready. Indicates the target's ability to complete
the current data phase of the transaction. During a read,
TRDY# indicates that valid data is present on AD0-31;
during a write it indicates the target is prepared to accept
data. A data phase is completed on any clock when
both IRDY# and TRDY# are sampled asserted (wait
cycles are inserted until this occurs).
27 STOP# S/TS Low Stop. Indicates the current target is requesting the
master to stop the current transaction.
25 DEVSEL# S/TS Low Device Select. Indicates the current target has decoded
its address as the target of the current access.
Note: S/TS stands for "Sustained Tri-state". These signals are driven by only one device at a time, are driven high for one clock before
being released, and are not driven for at least one cycle after being released by the previous device. A pull-up provided by the
bus controller is used to maintain an inactive level between transactions.
Revision 1.2 34 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions

(65545 Only)
29 PERR# (VCLKOUT) S/TS Low Parity Error. This signal is for the reporting of data
parity errors (except for Special Cycles where SERR# is
used). The PERR# pin is Sustained Tri-state and is
driven active by the agent receiving the data for two
clocks following the data when a data parity error is
detected. PERR# will be driven high for one clock
before being tri-stated as with all sustained tri-state
signals. PERR# will not be reported until the 65545
has claimed the access by asserting DEVSEL# and
completing the data phase.
30 SERR# (MCLKOUT) OD Low System Error. Used to report system errors where the
result will be catastrophic (address parity error, data
parity errors for Special Cycle commands, etc.). This
output is actively driven for a single PCI clock cycle
synchronous to CLK and meets the same setup and hold
time requirements as all other bused signals. SERR# is
not driven high by the 65545 after being asserted; it is
pulled high only by a weak pull-up provided by the
system, so SERR# on the PCI bus may take two or
three clock periods to fully return to an inactive state.
28 Reserved n/a n/a These pins are reserved for future use and should not be
179-180 Reserved n/a n/a connected. All the pins in this group are tri-stated at all
182-183 Reserved n/a n/a times in PCI interface mode.
185-200 Reserved n/a n/a
Note: S/TS stands for "Sustained Tri-state". These signals are driven by only one device at a time, are driven high for one clock before
being released, and are not driven for at least one cycle after being released by the previous device. A central pull-up provided by
the bus controller is used to maintain an inactive level between transactions.
Revision 1.2 35 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions

(65545 Only)
51 AD00 I/O High PCI Address / Data Bus

50 AD01 I/O High
49 AD02 I/O High Address and data are multiplexed on the same pins. A
48 AD03 I/O High bus transaction consists of an address phase followed
47 AD04 I/O High by one or more data phases (both read and write bursts
46 AD05 I/O High are allowed by the bus definition).
45 AD06 I/O High
44 AD07 I/O High The address phase is the clock cycle in which FRAME#
is asserted (AD0-31 contain a 32-bit physical address).
41 AD08 I/O High For I/O, the address is a byte address, for memory and
40 AD09 I/O High configuration, the address is a DWORD address.
38 AD10 I/O High During data phases AD0-7 contain the LSB and 24-31
37 AD11 I/O High contain the MSB. Write data is stable and valid when
36 AD12 I/O High IRDY# is asserted and read data is stable and valid
35 AD13 I/O High when TRDY# is asserted. Data is transferred during
34 AD14 I/O High those clocks when both IRDY# and TRDY# are
33 AD15 I/O High asserted.
20 AD16 I/O High C/BE3-0 CommandType 65545
19 AD17 I/O High 0000 Interrupt Acknowledge
18 AD18 I/O High 0001 Special Cycle
17 AD19 I/O High 0010 I/O Read 4
16 AD20 I/O High 0011 I/OWrite 4
15 AD21 I/O High 0100 -reserved-
13 AD23 I/O High 0110 MemoryRead 4
0111 MemoryWrite 4
6 AD26 I/O High 1010 ConfigurationRead 4
5 AD27 I/O High 1011 ConfigurationWrite 4
4 AD28 I/O High 1100 Memory Read Multiple
3 AD29 I/O High 1101 Dual Address Cycle
2 AD30 I/O High 1110 Memory Read Line
1111 Memory Read & Invalidate
1 AD31 I/O High
43 C/BE0# In Low Bus Command / Byte Enables. During the address

32 C/BE1# In Low phase of a bus transaction, these pins define the bus
21 C/BE2# In Low command (see list above). During the data phase, these
10 C/BE3# In Low pins are byte enables that determine which byte lanes
carry meaningful data: byte 0 corresponds to AD0-7,
byte 1 to 8-15, byte 2 to 16-23, and byte 3 to 24-31.
11 IDSEL In High Initialization Device Select. Used as a chip select during
configuration read and write transactions.
Revision 1.2 36 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS Display Memory Interface

145 AA0 (LB#) (CFG0) I/O High Address bus for DRAMs A and B.
146 AA1 (ISA#) (CFG1) I/O High
147 AA2 (2X#) (CFG2) I/O High Please see the configuration table in the Extended
148 AA3 (Reserved)(CFG3) I/O High Register description section for complete details on the
149 AA4 (Reserved)(CFG4) I/O High configuration options (XR01 and XR6C).
150 AA5 (OS#) (CFG5) I/O High
151 AA6 (AD#) (CFG6) I/O High
152 AA7 (TS#) (CFG7) I/O High
153 AA8 (LV#) (CFG8) I/O High
154 AA9 (32KHz) (VR0) I/O High AA9, alternately, becomes clock input for refresh of
non-self-refresh DRAMs and panel power sequencing
or video input red lsb.
90 CA0 (P16) Out High Address bus for DRAM C.
91 CA1 (P17) Out High
98 CA8 (VG1) I/O High
99 CA9 (VG0) I/O High
156 RASA# Out Low Row address strobe for DRAM A

123 RASB# Out Low Row address strobe for DRAM B
101 RASC# Out Low Row address strobe for DRAM C
(KEY) In High or color key input from external video source
160 CASAL# (WEAL#) Out Low Column address strobe for the DRAM A lower byte
159 CASAH# (CASA#) Out Low Column address strobe for the DRAM A upper byte
126 CASBL# (WEBL#) Out Low Column address strobe for the DRAM B lower byte
125 CASBH# (CASB#) Out Low Column address strobe for the DRAM B upper byte
104 CASCL# (WECL#) (VR6) I/O Both CAS for the DRAM C lower byte or video in red bit-6
103 CASCH# (CASC#) (VR7) I/O Both CAS for the DRAM C upper byte or video in red bit-7
157 WEA# (WEAH#) Out Low Write enable for DRAM A
124 WEB# (WEBH#) Out Low Write enable for DRAM B
102 WEC# (WECH#) (PCLK) Out Both Write enable for DRAM C or video in port PCLK out
155 OEAB# Out Low Output enable for DRAMs A and B
100 OEC# (VR1) I/O Both Output enable for DRAM C or video in red bit-1

Revision 1.2 37 65540 / 545
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Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS Display Memory Interface (continued)

162 MAD0 (TSENA#) I/O High Memory data bus for DRAM A (lower 512KB of
163 MAD1 (ICTENA#) I/O High display memory)
164 MAD2 I/O High
165 MAD3 I/O High
166 MAD4 I/O High
167 MAD5 I/O High
168 MAD6 I/O High
169 MAD7 I/O High
170 MAD8 I/O High
171 MAD9 I/O High
172 MAD10 I/O High
173 MAD11 I/O High
174 MAD12 I/O High
175 MAD13 I/O High
176 MAD14 I/O High
177 MAD15 I/O High
127 MBD0 I/O High Memory data bus for DRAM B (upper 512KB)
128 MBD1 I/O High
129 MBD2 I/O High
130 MBD3 I/O High
131 MBD4 I/O High
132 MBD5 I/O High
133 MBD6 I/O High
134 MBD7 I/O High
135 MBD8 I/O High
136 MBD9 I/O High
137 MBD10 I/O High
138 MBD11 I/O High
140 MBD12 I/O High
141 MBD13 I/O High
143 MBD14 I/O High
144 MBD15 I/O High
106 MCD0 (VB2) I/O High Memory data bus for DRAM C (Frame Buffer)
107 MCD1 (VB3) I/O High
109 MCD2 (VB4) I/O High When a frame buffer DRAM is not required, this bus
110 MCD3 (VB5) I/O High may optionally be used to input up to 24 bits of RGB
111 MCD4 (VB6) I/O High data from an external PC-Video subsystem. For the
112 MCD5 (VB7) I/O High remaining pins of the 24-bit video input port see the pin
113 MCD6 (VG2) I/O High descriptions of DRAM C address, DRAM C control,
114 MCD7 (VG3) I/O High AA9, ACTI, and ENABKL. Note that this configu-
115 MCD8 (VG4) I/O High ration also provides for additional panel outputs so that
116 MCD9 (VG5) I/O High a full 24-bit video input port may be implemented along
117 MCD10 (VG6) I/O High with a 24-bit true-color TFT panel (TFT panels never
118 MCD11 (VG7) I/O High need DRAM C).
119 MCD12 (VR2) I/O High
Note: Pin names in parentheses (...) indicate alternate functions.
Note: If ICTENA# is low with RESET# low, a rising edge on XTALI will put the chip into 'In Circuit Test' mode. In ICT mode, all digital
signal pins become inputs which are part of a long path starting at ENAVDD (pin 62) and proceeding to lower pin numbers around the
chip to pin 1 then to pin 208 and ending at VSYNC (pin 64). If all pins in the path are high, the VSYNC output will be high. If any
pin is low, the VSYNC output will be low. Thus the chip can be checked in circuit to determine if all pins are connected properly by
toggling all pins one at a time and observing the effect on VSYNC. XTALI must be toggled last because rising edges on XTALI with
ICTENA# high or RESET# high will exit ICT mode. As a side effect, ICT mode effectively 3-states all pins except VSYNC. If TSENA# is
low with RESET # low , a rising edge on XTALI will 3-state all pins. An XTALI rising edge without the enabling conditions exits 3-state.
Revision 1.2 38 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS Flat Panel Display Interface

71 P0 Out High 8, 9, 12, or 16-bit flat panel data output. 18-bit and 24-
72 P1 Out High bit panel interfaces may also be supported (see CA0-7
73 P2 Out High for P16-23). Refer to the table below for configurations
74 P3 Out High for various panel types.
75 P4 Out High
76 P5 Out High
78 P6 Out High
79 P7 Out High
81 P8 (SHFCLKU) Out High
82 P9 Out High
83 P10 Out High
84 P11 Out High
85 P12 Out High
86 P13 Out High
87 P14 Out High
88 P15 Out High
70 SHFCLK (CL2) (SHFCLKL) Out High Shift Clock. Pixel clock for flat panel data.
67 FLM Out High First Line Marker. Flat Panel equivalent of VSYNC.
68 LP (CL1) (DE) (BLANK#) Out High Latch Pulse. Flat Panel equivalent of HSYNC.
69 M (DE) (BLANK#) Out High M signal for panel AC drive control (may also be called
ACDCLK). May also be configured as BLANK# or as
Display Enable (DE) for TFT Panels (see XR4F bit-6).
62 ENAVDD Out High Power sequencing controls for panel driver electronics
61 ENAVEE (ENABKL) Out High voltage VDD and panel LCD bias voltage VEE
53 ACTI (GP0)(VB0)(A26) I/O High Activity Indicator and Enable Backlight outputs. May
54 ENABKL (GP1)(VB1)(A27) I/O High be configured for other functions (see Extension
Registers XR5C and XR72 and pin descriptions of
MCD0-15 and A26/A27 for more information).
Mono Mono Mono Color Color Color Color STN Color Color Color
6554x 6554x SS DD DD TFT TFT TFT HR STN SS STN SS STN DD STN DD
Pin# Pin Name 8-bit 8-bit 16-bit 9/12/16-bit 18/24-bit 18/24-bit 8-bit (X4bP) 16-bit (4bP) 8-bit (4bP) 16-bit (4bP)
71 P0 – UD3 UD7 B0 B0 B00 R1... R1... UR1... UR0...
72 P1 – UD2 UD6 B1 B1 B01 B1... G1... UG1... UG0...
73 P2 – UD1 UD5 B2 B2 B02 G2... B1... UB1... UB0...
74 P3 – UD0 UD4 B3 B3 B03 R3... R2... UR2... UR1...
75 P4 – LD3 UD3 B4 B4 B10 B3... G2... LR1... LR0...
76 P5 – LD2 UD2 G0 B5 B11 G4... B2... LG1... LG0...
78 P6 – LD1 UD1 G1 B6 B12 R5... R3... LB1... LB0...
79 P7 – LD0 UD0 G2 B7 B13 B5... G3... LR2... LR1...
81 P8 P0 – LD7 G3 G0 G00 SHFCLKU B3... – UG1...
82 P9 P1 – LD6 G4 G1 G01 – R4... – UB1...
83 P10 P2 – LD5 G5 G2 G02 – G4... – UR2...
84 P11 P3 – LD4 R0 G3 G03 – B4... – UG2...
85 P12 P4 – LD3 R1 G4 G10 – R5... – LG1...
86 P13 P5 – LD2 R2 G5 G11 – G5... – LB1...
87 P14 P6 – LD1 R3 G6 G12 – B5... – LR2...
88 P15 P7 – LD0 R4 G7 G13 – R6... – LG2...
90 P16 – – – – R0 R00 – – – –
91 P17 – – – – R1 R01 – – – –
92 P18 – – – – R2 R02 – – – –
93 P19 – – – – R3 R03 – – – –
94 P20 – – – – R4 R10 – – – –
95 P21 – – – – R5 R11 – – – –
96 P22 – – – – R6 R12 – – – –
97 P23 – – – – R7 R13 – – – –
70 SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLKL SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK
Pixels / Clock: 8 8 16 1 1 2 2-2/3 5-1/3 2-2/3 5-1/3
Revision 1.2 39 65540 / 545
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Pin Descriptions
PINDESCRIPTIONS CRT and Clock Interface

65 HSYNC Out Both CRT Horizontal Sync (polarity is programmable)
64 VSYNC Out Both CRT Vertical Sync (polarity is programmable)
60 RED Out High CRT analog video outputs from the internal color palette
58 GREEN Out High DAC.
57 BLUE Out High
55 RSET In n/a Set point resistor for the internal color palette DAC. A
270Ω 1% resistor is required between RSET and
AGND.
59 AVCC VCC -- Analog power and ground pins for noise isolation for
56 AGND GND -- the internal color palette DAC. AVCC should be
isolated from digital VCC as described in the Functional
Description of the internal color palette DAC. AGND
should be common with digital ground but must be
tightly decoupled to AVCC. See the Functional
Description of the internal color palette DAC for further
information.
203 XTALI (MCLK) I/O High Crystal In. When the internal clock synthesizer is used,
this pin serves as either the series resonant crystal input
or as the input for an external reference oscillator
(usually 14.31818 MHz). Note that in test mode for the
internal clock synthesizer, MCLK is output on A25 (pin
30) and VCLK is output on A24 (pin 29).
204 XTALO Out High Crystal Out. When the internal oscillator is used, this
pin serves as the series resonant crystal output. When
an external oscillator is used, this pin must be left
disconnected.
205 CVCC0 VCC -- Analog power and ground pins for noise isolation for
202 CGND0 GND -- the internal clock synthesizer. Must be the same as
VCC for internal logic. VCC/GND pair 0 and
206 CVCC1 VCC -- VCC/GND pair 1 pins must be carefully decoupled
208 CGND1 GND -- individually. Refer also to the section on clock ground
layout in the Functional Description. Note that the
CVCC voltage must be the same as the voltage for the
internal logic (IVCC).
Revision 1.2 40 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions
CRT / Panel Output Signal Status During Standby Mode

6554x Pin # Signal Name Signal Status Signal Polarity
67 FLM Forced Low XR54 bit 7
68 LP Forced Low XR54 bit 6
70 SHFCLK Forced Low N/A
69 M Forced Low N/A
71 P0 Forced Low XR61 bit 7 (text); XR63 bit 7 (graphics)
90 P16/CA0 Forced Low XR61 bit 7 (text); XR63 bit 7 (graphics)
62 ENAVDD Forced Low N/A
61 ENAVEE Forced Low N/A
54 ENABKL/A27 Forced Low N/A
65 HSYNC Forced Low N/A
64 VSYNC Forced Low N/A
53 ACTI/A26 Forced Low N/A
60,58,57 R,G,B Forced Low N/A
Display Memory Output Signal Status During Standby Mode

6554x Pin # Signal Name Signal Status
156 RASA# Driven Low
123 RASB# Driven Low
101 RASC# Driven Low (see note 1)
157 WEA# Driven High
124 WEB# Driven High
102 WEC# Driven High (see note 1)
160 CASAL# Driven Low
159 CASAH# Driven Low
126 CASBL# Driven Low
125 CASBH# Driven Low
104 CASCL# Driven Low (see note 1)
103 CASCH# Driven Low (see note 1)
155 OEAB# Driven High
100 OEC# Driven High (see note 1)
154-145 AA9-0 Pulled low with weak resistor
99-90 CA9-0 Driven Low
177-162 MAD15-0 Pulled low with weak resistor
144-143,141-140,138-127 MBD15-0 Pulled low with weak resistor
122-109,107-66 MCD15-0 Pulled low with weak resistor (see note 1)
Notes:
1 These pins are inputs when using the video input port. These pins are driven as outputs when using a frame buffer DRAM.
Revision 1.2 41 65540 / 545

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Pin Descriptions
PIN DESCRIPTIONS Power / Ground and Standby Control

178 STNDBY# In Low Standby Control Pin. Pulling this pin to ground places
the 65540 / 545 in Standby Mode.
80 IVCC Vcc – Power / Ground (Internal Logic). 5V±10% or 3.3V
77 IGND Gnd – ±0.3V. Note that this voltage must be the same as
CVCC (voltage for internal clock synthesizer).
181 IVCC Vcc –
184 IGND Gnd –
9 BVCC Vcc – Power / Ground (Bus Interface). 5V±10% or 3.3V

12 BGND Gnd – ±0.3V.
26 BGND Gnd –
42 BVCC Vcc –
39 BGND Gnd –
52 BGND Gnd –
66 DVCC Vcc – Power / Ground (Display Interface). 5V±10% or 3.3V
63 DGND Gnd – ±0.3V.
89 DGND Gnd –
158 MVCCA Vcc – Power / Ground (Memory Interface A). 5V±10% or
161 MGNDA Gnd – 3.3V ±0.3V.
142 MVCCB Vcc – Power / Ground (Memory Interface B). 5V±10% or
139 MGNDB Gnd – 3.3V ±0.3V.
108 MVCCC Vcc – Power / Ground (Memory Interface C). 5V±10% or
105 MGNDC Gnd – 3.3V ±0.3V.
Bus/ClockOutputSignalStatusDuringStandbyMode
Signal Status
6554x Pin # Signal Name VL-Bus ISA Bus
204 XTALO Driven (see note 1) Driven (see note 1)
29 ROMCS# / A24 N/A Driven High
30 IRQ / A25 N/A Tri-Stated
53 ACTI / A26 (see previous page) N/A
54 ENABKL / A27 (see previous page) N/A
24 LRDY# / RDY Tri-Stated Tri-Stated
25 LDEV# Driven High N/A
51-44, 41-40,38-33 D0-15 Tri-Stated Tri-Stated
20 D16 / ZWS# Tri-Stated Tri-Stated
19 D17 / MCS16# Tri-Stated Tri-Stated
18 D18 / IOCS16# Tri-Stated Tri-Stated
17-13, 8-1 D19-31 Tri-Stated Tri-Stated
Notes:
1 The XTALO pin will always be driven except when XR33 bit-2 is set to '1'.
Revision 1.2 42 65540 / 545

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I/O Map
I/O Map
PortAddress Read Write

102 Global Enable (ISA Bus Only) Global Enable (ISA Bus Only)
3B0 Reserved for MDA/Hercules Reserved for MDA/Hercules

3B1 Reserved for MDA/Hercules Reserved for MDA/Hercules Mono
3B2 Reserved for MDA/Hercules Reserved for MDA/Hercules Mode
3B4 CRTC Index CRTC Index
3B5 CRTC Data CRTC Data
3B8 Hercules Mode Register (MODE) Hercules Mode Register (MODE)
3B9 -- Set Light Pen FF (ignored)
3BA Status Register (STAT) Feature Control Register (FCR)
3BB -- Clear Light Pen FF (ignored)
3BC
3BD Reserved for system parallel port
3BE
3BF Hercules Configuration Register (HCFG) Hercules Configuration Register (HCFG)
3C0 Attribute Controller Index / Data Attribute Controller Index / Data
3C1 Attribute Controller Index / Data Attribute Controller Index / Data
3C2 Feature Read Register (FEAT) Miscellaneous Output Register (MSR)
3C3 Video Subsystem Enable (VSE)(LB Only) Video Subsystem Enable (VSE)(LB Only)
3C4 Sequencer Index Sequencer Index
3C5 Sequencer Data Sequencer Data
3C6 Color Palette Mask Color Palette Mask
3C7 Color Palette State Color Palette Read Mode Index
3C8 Color Palette Write Mode Index Color Palette Write Mode Index
3C9 Color Palette Data Color Palette Data
3CA Feature Control Register (FCR) --
3CB -- --
3CC Miscellaneous Output Register (MSR) --
3CD -- --
3CE Graphics Controller Index Graphics Controller Index
3CF Graphics Controller Data Graphics Controller Data
n3D0† 32-Bit DR Register Extensions (65545 only) 32-Bit DR Register Extensions (65545 only)
03D4 CRTC Index CRTC Index Color
03D5 CRTC Data CRTC Data Mode
03D6 CHIPS™ Extensions Index CHIPS™ Extensions Index
03D7 CHIPS™ Extensions Data CHIPS™ Extensions Data
03D8 CGA Mode Register (MODE) CGA Mode Register (MODE)
03D9 CGA Color Register (COLOR) CGA Color Register (COLOR)
03DA Status Register (STAT) Feature Control Register (FCR)
03DB -- Clear Light Pen FF (ignored)
03DC -- Set Light Pen FF (ignored)
46E8 -- Setup Control (ISA Bus Only)

† 32-Bit register addresses are of the form 'bnnn nn1b bbbb bb00' where 'bbbbbbbb' is
specified by I/O base register XR07 and 'nnnnn' specifies 1 of 32 DRxx 32-bit registers
Revision 1.2 43 65540 / 545

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Register Summary
REGISTER SUMMARY - CGA, MDA, AND HERCULES MODEs

Register Register Name Bits Access I/O Port - MDA/Herc I/O Port - CGA Comment
ST00 (STAT) Display Status 7 R 3BA 3DA
CLPEN Clear Light Pen Flip Flop 0 W(n/a) 3BB(ignored) 3DB(ignored) ref only: no light pen
SLPEN Set Light Pen Flip Flop 0 W(n/a) 3B9(ignored) 3DC (ignored) ref only: no light pen
MODE CGA/MDA/Hercules Mode Control 7 R/W 3B8 3D8
COLOR CGA Color Select 6 R/W n/a 3D9 R/W at XR7E also
HCFG Hercules Configuration 2 W 3BF n/a
R 3D6-3D7 index 14 n/a XR14
RX, R0-11 '6845' Registers 0-8 R/W 3B4-3B5 3D4-3D5
XRX, XR0-7F Extension Registers 0-8 R/W 3D6-3D7 3D6-3D7
REGISTER SUMMARY - EGA MODE

Register Register Name Bits Access I/O Port - Mono I/O Port - Color Comment
MSR Miscellaneous Output 7 W 3C2 3C2
FCR Feature Control 3 W 3BA 3DA
ST00 (FEAT) Feature Read (Input Status 0) 4 R 3C2 3C2
ST01 (STAT) Display Status (Input Status 1) 7 R 3BA 3DA
CLPEN Clear Light Pen Flip Flop 0 W(n/a) 3BB(ignored) 3DB(ignored) ref only: no light pen
SLPEN Set Light Pen Flip Flop 0 W(n/a) 3B9(ignored) 3DC (ignored) ref only: no light pen
SRX, SR0-7 Sequencer 0-8 R/W 3C4-3C5 3C4-3C5
CRX, CR0-3F CRT Controller 0-8 R/W 3B4-3B5 3D4-3D5
GRX, GR0-8 Graphics Controller 0-8 R/W 3CE-3CF 3CE-3CF
ARX, AR0-14 Attributes Controller 0-8 R/W 3C0-3C1 3C0-3C1
REGISTER SUMMARY - VGA MODE

Register Register Name Bits Access I/O Port - Mono I/O Port - Color Comment
VSE Video Subsystem Enable 1 W 3C3 if LB 3C3 if LB Disabled by XR70 bit-7
SETUP Setup Control 2 W 46E8 if ISA 46E8 if ISA Disabled by XR70 bit-7
ENABLE Global Enable 1 R/W 102 if ISA 102 if ISA Setup Only in ISA Bus
PR0-17 PCI Configuration 8, 16, 32 R/W System Dependent System Dependent PCI Bus Only
MSR Miscellaneous Output 7 W 3C2 3C2
R 3CC 3CC
FCR Feature Control 3 W 3BA 3DA
R 3CA 3CA
ST00 (FEAT) Feature Read (Input Status 0) 4 R 3C2 3C2
ST01 (STAT) Display Status (Input Status 1) 6 R 3BA 3DA
CLPEN Clear Light Pen Flip Flop 0 W(n/a) 3BB(ignored) 3DB(ignored) Ref only: No light pen
SLPEN Set Light Pen Flip Flop 0 W(n/a) 3B9(ignored) 3DC (ignored) Ref only: No light pen
DACMASK Color Palette Pixel Mask 8 R/W 3C6 3C6
DACSTATE Color Palette State 2 R 3C7 3C7
DACRX Color Palette Read-Mode Index 8 W 3C7 3C7
DACWX Color Palette Write-Mode Index 8 R/W 3C8 3C8
DACDATA Color Palette Data 0-FF 3x6 R/W 3C9 3C9
SRX, SR0-7 Sequencer 0-8 R/W 3C4-3C5 3C4-3C5
CRX, CR0-3F CRT Controller 0-8 R/W 3B4-3B5 3D4-3D5
GRX, GR0-8 Graphics Controller 0-8 R/W 3CE-3CF 3CE-3CF
ARX, AR0-14 Attributes Controller 0-8 R/W 3C0-3C1 3C0-3C1
DR00-DR0C 32-Bit Extension Registers 32 R/W n3D0-n3D3 n3D0-n3D3 Programmable I/O address
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Register Summary
REGISTER SUMMARY - INDEXED REGISTERS (VGA)
Register Register Name Bits RegisterType Access(VGA) Access(EGA) I/OPort

SRX SequencerIndex 3 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C4
SR0 Reset 2 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C5
SR1 Clocking Mode 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C5
SR2 Plane Mask 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C5
SR3 Character Map Select 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C5
SR4 Memory Mode 3 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C5
SR7 Reset Horizontal Character Counter 0 VGA W n/a 3C5
CRX CRTC Index 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B4 Mono, 3D4 Color
CR0 Horizontal Total 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR1 Horizontal Display End 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR2 Horizontal Blanking Start 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR3 Horizontal Blanking End 5+2+1 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR4 Horizontal Retrace Start 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR5 Horizontal Retrace End 5+2+1 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR6 Vertical Total 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR7 Overflow 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR8 Preset Row Scan 5+2 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR9 Character Cell Height 5+3 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CRA Cursor Start 5+1 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CRB Cursor End 5+2 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CRC Start Address High 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CRD Start Address Low 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CRE Cursor Location High 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CRF Cursor Location Low 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
LPENH Light Pen High 8 VGA/EGA R R 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
LPENL Light Pen Low 8 VGA/EGA R R 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR10 Vertical Retrace Start 8 VGA/EGA R/W W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR11 Vertical Retrace End 4+4 VGA/EGA R/W W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR12 Vertical Display End 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR13 Offset 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR14 Underline Row Scan 5+2 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR15 Vertical Blanking Start 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR16 Vertical Blanking End 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR17 CRT Mode Control 7 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR18 Line Compare 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR22 Graphics Controller Data Latches 8 VGA R n/a 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
CR24 Attribute Controller Index/Data Latch 1 VGA R n/a 3B5 Mono, 3D5 Color
GRX Graphics Controller Index 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CE
GR0 Set/Reset 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR1 Enable Set/Reset 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR2 Color Compare 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR3 Data Rotate 5 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR4 Read Map Select 2 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR5 Mode 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR6 Miscellaneous 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR7 Color Don't Care 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
GR8 Bit Mask 8 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3CF
ARX Attribute Controller Index 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C0 (3C1)
AR0-F Internal Palette Regs 0-15 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C0 (3C1)
AR10 Mode Control 7 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C0 (3C1)
AR11 Overscan Color 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C0 (3C1)
AR12 Color Plane Enable 6 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C0 (3C1)
AR13 Horizontal Pixel Panning 4 VGA/EGA R/W R/W 3C0 (3C1)
AR14 Color Select 4 VGA R/W n/a 3C0 (3C1)
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Register Summary
EXTENSION REGISTER SUMMARY: 00-2F CHIPS' VGA Product Family

Reg Register Name Bits Access Port Reset 82C450 64300/310 65510 65530 65535
XRX Extension Index Register 7 R/W 3D6 -xxxxxxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR00 Chip Version (65540: v=0; 65545: v=1) 8 R/O 3D7 1101v r r r 3 3 3 3 3
XR01 Configuration 8 R/O 3D7 dddddddd 3 3 3 3 3
XR02 CPU Interface Control 1 8 R/W 3D7 00000000 3 3 3 3 3
XR03 CPUInterfaceControl2 (ROM Intfc) 2 R/W 3D7 - - - - - -0x . 3 . . .
XR04 Memory Control 1 4 R/W 3D7 - -0 - -000 3 3 3 3 3
XR05 Memory Control 2 (Clock Control) 8 R/W 3D7 00000000 . 3 . . 3
XR06 Palette Control (DRAM Intfc) 8 R/W 3D7 00000000 . 3 3 3 3
XR07 I/O Base ( 65545 Only ) 8 R/W 3D7 11110100 . 3 . . .
XR08 LinearAddressingBase (Linear Base L) 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR09 -reserved- (Linear Base H) -- -- 3D7 . 3 . . .
XR0A -reserved- (XRAM Mode) -- -- 3D7 . 3 . . .
XR0B CPU Paging 5 R/W 3D7 - -00 • 000 3 3 3 3 3
XR0C Start Address Top 2 R/W 3D7 - - - - - -xx 3 3 3 3 3
XR0D Auxiliary Offset 2 R/W 3D7 - - - - - -00 3 3 3 3 3
XR0E Text Mode Control 6 R/W 3D7 0 0000 0 - - 3 3 3 3 3
XR0F Software Flags 0 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx . 3 3 3 3
XR10 Single/Low Map 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR11 High Map 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR12 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR13 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR14 Emulation Mode 8 R/W 3D7 0 000h h00 3 3 3 3 3
XR15 WriteProtect 8 R/W 3D7 0 0000 000 3 3 3 3 3
XR16 Vertical Overflow 5 R/W 3D7 • 0 •0 • 000 . 3 . . 3
XR17 Horizontal Overflow 7 R/W 3D7 • 0000 000 . 3 . . 3
XR18 Alternate H Disp End 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR19 AlternateHSyncStart (Half-line) 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR1A Alternate H Sync End 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR1B Alternate H Total 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR1C Alternate Blank Start / H Panel Size 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR1D Alternate H Blank End 8 R/W 3D7 0 xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR1E Alternate Offset 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR1F Virtual EGA Switch Register 5 R/W 3D7 0 - - -x xxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR20 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR21 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . 3 .
XR22 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . 3 .
XR23 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . 3 .
XR24 FP AltMaxScanline 5 R/W 3D7 • • •xxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR25 FP AltTxtHVirtPanel Size 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . . 3 3
XR26 Alt HSync Start 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . . . 3
XR27 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR28 Video Interface 5 R/W 3D7 0000 - -0 - 3 3 3 3 3
XR29 Half Line Compare 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . . . .
XR2A -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR2B Software Flags 1 8 R/W 3D7 0 0000 000 3 3 3 3 3
XR2C FLM Delay 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx . . 3 3 3
XR2D LP Delay 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx . . 3 3 3
XR2E LP Delay 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx . . . 3 3
XR2F LP Width 8 R/W 3D7 x xxxx xxx . . 3 3 3
Reset Codes: x = Not changed by RESET (indeterminate on power-up) – = Not implemented (always reads 0)
d = Set from the corresponding data bus pin on falling edge of RESET • = Reserved (read/write, reset to 0)
h = Read-only Hercules Configuration Register Readback bits 0/1 = Reset to 0/1 by trailing edge of reset
r = Chip revision # (starting from 0000)
Note: Check marks in the table above indicate the register listed to the left is implemented in the chip named at the top of the column
Note: 82C450 & 64xxx VGAs drive CRTs only, 65xxx VGAs drive both CRT and Flat Panel displays (Plasma, EL, and LCD)
Revision 1.2 46 65540 / 545

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Register Summary

XR30 Clock Divide Control 4 R/W 3D7 • • • •xxxx . 3 . . 3
XR31 Clock M-Divisor 7 R/W 3D7 •xxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR32 Clock N-Divisor 7 R/W 3D7 •xxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR33 Clock Control 7 R/W 3D7 0000 •000 . 3 . . 3
XR34 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR35 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR36 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR37 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR38 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR39 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR3A Color Key 0 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR3B Color Key 1 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR3C Color Key 2 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR3D Color Key Mask 0 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR3E Color Key Mask 1 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR3F Color Key Mask 2 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 . . 3
XR40 BitBLT Configuration ( 65545 Only ) 2 R/W 3D7 - - - - - - xx . 3 . . .
XR41 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR42 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR43 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR44 Software Flag Register 2 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . 3 3 3 3
XR45 Software Flag Register 3 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . . . 3
XR46 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR47 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR48 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR49 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR4A -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR4B -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR4C -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR4D -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR4E -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR4F Panel Format 2 5 R/W 3D7 xx • • •xxx . . . . 3
XR50 Panel Format 1 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR51 Display Type 7 R/W 3D7 000 •0000 . . 3 3 3
XR52 Power Down Control 8 R/W 3D7 00000001 . 3 3 3 3
XR53 Panel Format 3 7 R/W 3D7 •00000x0 . . 3 3 3
XR54 PanelInterface 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR55 H Compensation 6 R/W 3D7 xxxx • •xx . . 3 3 3
XR56 H Centering 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR57 V Compensation 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR58 V Centering 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR59 V Line Insertion 7 R/W 3D7 xxx •xxxx . . 3 3 3
XR5A V Line Replication 4 R/W 3D7 • • • •xxxx . . 3 3 3
XR5B Power Sequencing Delay 8 R/W 3D7 10000001 . . 3 3 3
XR5C Activity Indicator Control 7 R/W 3D7 0x •xxxxx . . . . 3
XR5D FP Diagnostic 8 R/W 3D7 00000000 . . . . 3
XR5E ACDCLK (M) Control 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR5F Power Down Mode Refresh 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . . 3 3
d = Set from the corresponding data bus pin on falling edge of RESET • = Reserved (read/write, reset to 0)
Revision 1.2 47 65540 / 545

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Register Summary

XR60 Blink Rate Control 8 R/W 3D7 10000011 . 3 3 3 3
XR61 SmartMap™ Control 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR62 SmartMap™ Shift Parameter 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR63 SmartMap™ColorMappingControl 8 R/W 3D7 x1xxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR64 FP Alternate Vertical Total 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR65 FP Alternate Overflow 6 R/W 3D7 xxx • •xxx . . 3 3 3
XR66 FP Alternate Vertical Sync Start 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR67 FP Alternate Vertical Sync End 4 R/W 3D7 • • • •xxxx . . 3 3 3
XR68 FP Vertical Panel Size 8 R/W 3D7 xxxxxxxx . . 3 3 3
XR69 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR6A -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR6B -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR6C Programmable Output Drive 5 R/W 3D7 • •0000d• . . 3 3 3
XR6D -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR6E Polynomial FRC Control 8 R/W 3D7 10111101 . . 3 3 3
XR6F Frame Buffer Control 8 R/W 3D7 00000000 . . . 3 3
XR70 Setup / Disable Control 1 R/W 3D7 0------- 3 3 3 3 3
XR71 -reserved- (GPIO Control) -- -- 3D7 . 3 . . .
XR72 ExternalDeviceI/O (GPIOData) 7 R/W 3D7 0000000 • . 3 . . 3
XR73 Miscellaneous Control 6 R/W 3D7 00 - - 0000 . 3 . . 3
XR74 -reserved- (Configuration 2) -- -- 3D7 . 3 . . .
XR75 -reserved- (Software Flags 3) -- -- 3D7 . 3 . . .
XR76 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR77 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR78 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR79 -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR7A -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR7B -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR7C -reserved- -- -- 3D7 . . . . .
XR7D Diagnostic 1 R/W 3D7 0------• . . 3 3 .
XR7E CGA/Hercules Color Select 6 R/W 3D7 - - xxxxxx 3 3 3 3 3
XR7F Diagnostic 8 R/W 3D7 00xxxx00 3 3 3 3 3
Reset Codes: x = Not changed by reset (indeterminate on power-up) – = Not implemented (always reads 0)
d = Set from the corresponding data bus pin on trailing edge of reset • = Reserved (read/write, reset to 0)
Revision 1.2 48 65540 / 545

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Register Summary
32-BIT EXTENSION REGISTER SUMMARY

Reg Group Register Name Bits Access Port Reset
DR00 BitBLT BitBLT Offset 16/32 R/W 83D0-3 - - - - xxxx xxxxxxxx - - - - xxxx xxxxxxxx
DR01 BitBLT BitBLT Pattern ROP 16/32 R/W 87D0-3 -------- - - - xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR02 BitBLT BitBLT BG Color 16/32 R/W 8BD0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR03 BitBLT BitBLT FG Color 16/32 R/W 8FD0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR04 BitBLT BitBLT Control 16/32 R/W 93D0-3 -------- - - - 0xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR05 BitBLT BitBLT Source 16/32 R/W 97D0-3 -------- - - - xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR06 BitBLT BitBLT Destination 16/32 R/W 9BD0-3 -------- - - - xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR07 BitBLT BitBLT Command 16/32 R/W 9FD0-3 - - - - 0000 00000000 - - - - xxxx xxxxxxxx
DR08 Cursor Cursor Control 16/32 R/W A3D0-3 -------- -------- • • • •0000 000 • • •00
DR09 Cursor Cursor Color 0-1 16/32 R/W A7D0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR0A Cursor Cursor Color 2-3 16/32 R/W ABD0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
DR0B Cursor Cursor Position 16/32 R/W AFD0-3 x - - - - xxx xxxxxxxx x - - - - xxx xxxxxxxx
DR0C Cursor Cursor Base Address 16/32 R/W B3D0-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - xxxx xxxxxx - - --------
d = Set from configuration pin on trailing edge of reset • = Not implemented (read/write, reset to 0)
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Register Summary
PCI CONFIGURATION REGISTER SUMMARY

Reg Register Name Bits Access Offset Reset
VENID Vendor ID 16 R 00h 00010000 00101100
DEVID Device ID 16 R 02h 00000000 11011000
DEVCTL Device Control 16 R/W 04h - - - - - - 10 10000000
DEVSTAT Device Status 16 R/C 06h 00000000 0-------
REV Revision 8 R 08h -----rrr
PRG Programming Interface 8 R 09h 00000000
SUB Sub Class Code 8 R 0Ah 00000000
BASE Base Class Code 8 R 0Bh 00000011
MBASE Memory Base Address 32 R/W 10h xxxxxxxx xxx - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0000
IOBASE I/O Base Address 32 R/W 14h xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx - - - - - - - - 01
Note: R = Read, W = Write, C = Clear (1s written to specific bits will clear those bits)
Revision 1.2 50 65540 / 545

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Registers
Registers
GLOBAL CONTROL (SETUP) REGISTERS CGA / HERCULES REGISTERS

The Setup Control Register and Video Subsystem CGA Mode and Color Select registers are provided
Enable registers are used to enable or disable the on-chip for emulation of CGA modes. Hercules
VGA. The Setup Control register is also used to Mode and Configuration registers are provided on-
place the VGA in normal or setup mode (the Global chip for emulation of Hercules mode.
Enable Register is accessible only during Setup
mode). The Setup Control register is used only in SEQUENCER REGISTERS
ISA bus interfaces; the Video Subsystem Enable
register is used only in Local Bus configurations. The Sequencer Index Register contains a 3-bit index
The various internal 'disable' bits 'OR' together to to the Sequencer Data Registers. The Reset Register
provide multiple ways of disabling the chip; all forces an asynchronous or synchronous reset of the
'disable' bits must be off to enable access to the sequencer. The Sequencer Clocking Mode Register
chip. When the chip is 'disabled' in this fashion, controls master clocking functions, video
only bus access is disabled; other functions remain enable/disable and selects either an 8 or 9 dot
operational (memory refresh, display refresh, etc.). character clock. A Plane/Map Mask Register enables
the color plane and write protect. The Character
Note: In setup mode in the IBM VGA, the Global Font Select Register handles video intensity and
Setup Register (defined as port address 102) actually character generation and controls the display memory
occupies the entire I/O space . Only the lower 3 bits plane through the character generator select. The
are used to decode and select this register. To avoid Sequencer Memory Mode Register handles all
bus conflicts with other peripherals, reads should memory, giving access by the CPU to 4 / 16 / 32
only be performed at the 10xh port addresses while KBytes, Odd / Even addresses (planes) and writing
in setup mode. To eliminate potential compatibility of data to display memory.
problems in widely varying PC systems, CHIPS'
VGA controllers decode the Global Setup register at CRT CONTROLLER REGISTERS
I/O port 102h only.
The CRT Controller Index Register contains a 6-bit
PCI CONFIGURATION REGISTERS (65545) index to the CRT Controller Registers. Twenty one
registers control various display functions: hori-
For PCI bus configuration in the 65545, ten 16-bit zontal and vertical blanking and sync timing,
registers are implemented to allow identification of panning and scrolling, cursor size and location, light
the chip, examination of various internal states, pen, and text-mode underline.
configuration of memory and I/O base addresses,
and control of settings for various modes of GRAPHICS CONTROLLER REGISTERS
operation. These registers are located at various
offsets into the PCI configuration space which may The Graphics Controller Index Register contains a 4-
be I/O or memory mapped depending on the system bit index to the Graphics Controller Registers. The
design. Set/Reset Register controls the format of the CPU
data to display memory. It also works with the
GENERAL CONTROL REGISTERS Enable Set/Reset Register. Reducing 32 bits of
display data to 8 bits of CPU data is accomplished
Two Input Status Registers read the SENSE function by the Color Compare Register. Data Rotate
(Virtual Switch Register or internal RGB comparator Registers specify the CPU data bits to be rotated and
output), pending CRT interrupt, display enable / subjected to logical operations. The Read Map Select
horizontal sync output, and vertical retrace / video Register reduces memory data for the CPU in the
output. The Feature Control Register selects the four plane (16 color) graphics mode. The Graphics
vertical sync function while the Miscellaneous Mode Register controls the write, read, and shift
Output Register controls I/O address selection, clock register modes. The Miscellaneous Register handles
selection, CPU access to display memory, display graphics/text, chaining of odd/even planes, and
memory page selection, and horizontal and vertical display memory mapping. Additional registers
sync polarity. include Color Don't Care and Bit Mask.
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Registers
ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER AND 4. Clock Registers control the operation of the on-
COLOR PALETTE REGISTERS chip clock synthesizer
The Attribute Controller Index Register contains a 5- 5. MultimediaRegisters control the operation of the
bit index to the Attribute Controller Registers which video input port color key and mask
consist of a 16-entry color lookup table with 6 bits
per entry plus five additional control registers. A 6. BitBLT Registers control the operation of the Bit-
sixth index register bit is used to enable video. The Block-Transfer (BitBLT) engine (65545 only) for
Attribute Controller Registers handle color lookup graphics acceleration.
table mapping, text/graphics mode control, overscan 7. Backwards Compatibility Registers control
color selection, and color plane enabling. One Hercules, MDA, and CGA emulation modes.
register allows the display to be shifted left up to 8 Write Protect functions are provided to increase
pixels. Another register provides default values to flexibility in providing backwards compatibility.
extend the 6-bit lookup table values to 8 bits for
modes providing less than 8 bits per pixel. 8. Alternate Horizontal and Vertical Registers handle
all horizontal and vertical timing, including sync,
The color palette registers control the interface to the blank and offset. These are used for backwards
on-chip color palette. This on-chip palette fully compatibility.
implements the functions of the VGA-standard
palette (Inmos IMSG176, Brooktree BT471/476, or 9. Flat Panel Registers handle all internal logic
equivalent functionality). The color palette primarily specific to driving of flat panel displays.
consists of a 256-entry color lookup table (also
sometimes referred to as a CLUT), a mask register, 32-BIT REGISTERS
index registers used to access the CLUT data, and The 65545 also implements a group of sixteen 32-bit
triple 6 / 8-bit DACs used to drive analog RGB doubleword extension registers (called "DR's").
outputs to a CRT monitor. Each entry in the CLUT These registers are used for control of the high
is 18 bits in length (6 bits each for red, green, and performance BitBLT and Hardware Cursor
blue) so each CLUT data entry must be accessed subsystems and may be mapped anywhere in the I/O
sequentially as 3 separate bytes and each DAC output and/or memory address space.
operates with 6 bits of resolution. In 24-bpp "True-
Color" modes, the CLUT is bypassed and each DAC For ISA and VL-Bus configurations, the 32-bit
operates with 8-bit resolution. registers take up 32 doubleword locations in the 16-
bit I/O address space (only the first 13 registers are
EXTENSION REGISTERS defined; the remaining locations are reserved). An
8-bit extension register is provided to program the
The 65540 / 545 defines a set of extension registers base address. The address is of the form "bnnn
(called "XR's") which are addressed with the 7-bit nn1b bbbb bbxx" (where b specifies the value
Extension Register Index. The I/O port address is programmed into the base register and 'n' selects one
fixed at 3D6-3D7h and read/write access is always of the 32 register locations). The base register is
enabled to improve software performance. typically programmed with '74h' to map the 32-bit
The extension registers handle a variety of inter- registers to I/O addresses x3D0-x3D3h (unused ports
facing, compatibility, and display functions as in the standard VGA I/O address range).
discussed below. They are grouped into the For PCI bus configurations, the 32-bit registers are
following logical groups for discussion purposes: mapped to both the memory and I/O address spaces.
1. Miscellaneous Registers include the chip The PCI configuration registers contain an I/O base
version/revision, configuration, and various register which defines a 1KB space (256
interface control and diagnostic functions. doublewords) which allows the 32-bit register space
to start on any 1KB boundary in the I/O address
2. Mapping Registers include paging controls and space. In addition, the PCI memory base register
base registers for relocation of I/O and memory specifies an 8MB memory address space; display
blocks. memory is mapped into the lower 2 megabytes and
3. Software Flags Registers provide locations for the 32-bit registers are mapped into the upper 6
BIOS and driver software to store various megabytes.
temporary variable values on-chip
Note: The state of most of the standard VGA registers is undefined at reset. The state at Reset of all registers
specific to the 65540 / 545 (extension registers and 32-bit registers) is summarized in the register summary tables.
Revision 1.2 52 65540 / 545
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Global Control (Setup) Registers
Register I/O
Mnemonic Register Name Index Access I/O Address Page
SETUP Setup Control – W 46E8h (ISA Bus Only) 53
VSE Video Subsystem Enable – W 3C3h (Local Bus Only) 53
ENAB Global Enable – RW 102h (ISA Bus / Setup Mode Only) 54
SETUP CONTROL REGISTER (SETUP) VIDEOSUBSYSTEMENABLEREGISTER(VSE)

Write only at I/O Address 46E8h Write Only at I/O Address 3C3h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
VGA Sleep
Reserved(0)
VGA Enable
VGA Setup Reserved(0)
Reserved(0)
This register is effective in ISA bus configuration This register is accessible in Local Bus
only and is not used in local bus or PCI bus configurations only. It is ignored in ISA bus
configurations. In ISA bus configuration, this regis- configurations (registers 102h and 46E8h are used in
ter is ignored if XR70 bit-7 is set to 1 (the default is ISA bus configurations to control VGA enable and
0). disable). Access to this register may be disabled by
setting XR70 bit-7 to 1 (the default is 0).
In local bus configurations, the VGA may be enabled
and disabled using register 3C3. In PCI bus This register is cleared by RESET to disable the
configurations (65545), the VGA may be enabled VGA. In this state, only register 3C3 is accessible
and disabled via the PCI configuration registers. (the other registers in the VGA I/O address range
Setup mode is available only in ISA bus will be inaccessible and read or write accesses to
configuration via this register. VGA I/O addresses other than 3C3 will be ignored)
until bit-0 of this register is set to 1.
This register is cleared by RESET.
In PCI bus configurations, VGA enable and disable
2-0 Reserved (0) are controlled via the PCI configuration registers and
3 VGA Enable this register is ignored.
0 VGA is disabled 0 VGA Sleep
1 VGA is enabled
0 VGA is disabled
4 Setup Mode 1 VGA is enabled
0 VGA is in Normal Mode 7-1 Reserved (0)
1 VGA is in Setup Mode
7-5 Reserved (0)
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GLOBAL ENABLE REGISTER ( ENAB )

Read/Write at I/O Address 102h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
VGA Sleep
Reserved(0)
This register is accessible only in setup mode (46E8

bit-4 = 1). If the VGA is not in setup mode (46E8
bit-4 = 0), attempts to access this register are
ignored.
Bit-0 of this register is cleared by RESET in ISA bus
configurations to disable the VGA (all VGA memory
and I/O addresses except 102h and 46E8h are
ignored). Bit-0 of this register is AND'ed with bit-3
of register 46E8: the VGA is enabled only if both
bits are set. If the VGA is disabled, only register
46E8 is accessible.
0 VGA Sleep
0 VGA is disabled
1 VGA is enabled
7-1 Reserved (0)
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PCI Configuration Registers
Register
Mnemonic Register Name Offset Access Reset State Page
VENID Vendor ID 00h R 0001 0000 0010 1100 55
DEVID DeviceID 02h R 0000 0000 1101 1000 55
DEVCTL DeviceControl 04h R/W 0000 0010 1000 0000 56
DEVSTAT Device Status 06h R/C 0000 0000 0000 0000 56
REV Revision 08h R 0000 0000 57
PRG Programming Interface 09h R 0000 0000 57
SUB Sub Class Code 0Ah R 0000 0000 57
BASE Base Class Code 0Bh R 0000 0011 57
MBASE Memory Base Address 10h R/W xxxx xxxx xxx0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 58
IOBASE I/O Base Address 14h R/W xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx00 0000 0001 58
Note: 'Access' codes are R=Read, W=Write, and C=Clear (writing a 1 to a bit clears that bit)
VENDOR ID REGISTER (VENID) DEVICE ID REGISTER (DEVID)

Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 00h Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 02h
Byte or Word Accessible Byte or Word Accessible
Accessible in PCI Bus Configuration Only Accessible in PCI Bus Configuration Only
15 0 15 0
Vendor ID Device ID
15–0 Vendor ID 15–0 Device ID

Read-Only. Always returns 102Ch (4140d) Read-Only. Always returns 00D8h
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DEVICE CONTROL REGISTER ( DEVCTL ) DEVICE STATUS REGISTER ( DEVSTAT )

Read/Write at PCI Configuration Offset 04h Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 06h
Byte or Word Accessible Byte or Word Accessible
Accessible in PCI Bus Configuration Only Accessible in PCI Bus Configuration Only
15 0 15 0
I/O Access Ena
Mem Access Ena
Always Read 0 Undefined(0)
Palette Snoop Ena

PERR# Enable
Always Reads 1 Always Reads 1
SERR# Enable Always Reads 0
Always Reads 1 DEVSEL# Timing
(Always Reads 10)
Target Abort Sig'd
Always Reads 0
Undefined(0) Always Reads 0
Sys Err Signaled
Parity Err Detected
0 I/O Access Enable 6–0 Undefined / Reserved ( 0 )

When set, the chip will respond to I/O cycles 7 Fast Back-to-Back Capable ( 1 )
for addresses within the range specified by
the IOBASE register. 8 Data Parity Error Detect (0)
1 Memory Access Enable Implemented by bus masters only.
When set, the chip will respond to memory 10–9 DEVSEL# Timing
cycles for addresses within the range
specified by the MBASE register. Always responds '10' (Slow)
2 Bus Master ( Always Reads 0 ) 11 Target Abort Signaled
3 Special Cycles ( Always Reads 0 ) Set whenever a Target Abort is generated on
4 Mem Write & Invalidate ( Always Reads 0 ) the bus. This can happen under the
5 Palette Snoop Enable following conditions:
When set, the chip will not respond to VGA 1) Command/Address cycle parity error
Palette Accesses. Reads will be ignored but 2) Invalid byte enables received
writes will still update the internal palette. 3) VGA core unable to complete a cycle
6 PERR# Enable 12 Received Target Abort (0)
Set to enable PERR# response for detected Implemented by bus masters only.
data parity errors.
13 Master Abort (0)
7 Wait Cycle Control ( Always Reads 1 )
8 SERR# Enable Implemented by bus masters only.
Set to enable SERR# response for detected 14 System Error Signaled
address / command parity errors. The chip Set whenever SERR# is asserted.
will also generate a Target Abort.
9 Fast Back-to-Back Enable for Masters 15 Parity Error Detected
(Always Reads 0) Set when data parity error is detected even if
15-10 Undefined / Reserved ( 0 ) PERR# response disabled (DEVCTL bit-6)
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REVISION REGISTER ( REV ) SUB CLASS CODE REGISTER ( SUB )

Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 08h Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 0Ah
ByteAccessible ByteAccessible
Accessible in PCI Bus Configuration Only Accessable in PCI Bus Configuration Only
Chip Revision Code Sub-Class Code
2-0 Chip Revision Code 7-0 Sub-Class Code

These bits match XR00 bits 2-0. Revision This register always returns a value of 00h
codes start at 0 and are incremented for each to indicate "VGA Compatible Controller".
silicon revision.
7-3 Reserved (0)
These bits are defined by the PCI 2.0
specification as additional revision code bits.
They always read zero.
PROGRAMMINGINTERFACEREGISTER(PRG) BASE CLASS CODE REGISTER ( BASE )

Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 09h Read/Only at PCI Configuration Offset 0Bh
ByteAccessible ByteAccessible
Accessable in PCI Bus Configuration Only Accessable in PCI Bus Configuration Only
Programming
Interface Base Class Code
Code
7-0 Programming Interface Code 7-0 Base Class Code

This register always returns a value of 00h This register always returns a value of 03h
(no special register-level device-independent to indicate base class "Display Controller".
interface definition is defined).
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MEMORY BASE REGISTER ( MBASE ) I/O BASE REGISTER ( IOBASE )

Read/Write at PCI Configuration Offset 10h Read/Write at PCI Configuration Offset 14h
Byte, Word, or DoubleWord Accessible Byte, Word, or DoubleWord Accessible
Accessable in PCI Bus Configuration Only Accessable in PCI Bus Configuration Only
31 2322 4 32 1 0 31 10 9 2 1 0
0 (Memory Space) 1 (I/O Space)
0(Reserved)
00 (32-bit Address)
0 (No Prefetching)
0 (Address Mask)
(1KB Range)
0 (Address Mask)
(8MB Range)
I/O Base Address
Memory
BaseAddress
0 Memory / IO Space (0) 0 Memory / IO Space (1)

Always returns 0 to indicate memory space Always returns 1 to indicate I/O space
2-1 Memory Type (00) 1 Undefined / Reserved (0)
Always return 0 to indicate 32-bit address
9-2 Address Mask (0)
3 Prefetchable Memory (0)
All bits in in this field return 0 to indicate a
Always return 0 to prevent prefetching 1KB I/O address range
22-4 Address Mask (0)
31-10 I/O Base Address
Always returns 0 to indicate an 8MB range
R/W in bits 10 and above to indicate a 1KB
31-23 Memory Base Address address range for the 32-bit registers (DRxx
R/W in bits 23 and above to indicate an 8MB registers). The actual value programmed in
address range. The lower 2MB is for video this field determines the start of the range in
memory and the rest is for memory mapped the 32-bit I/O address space. For example:
IO. The actual value programmed in this Value
field determines the start of the range in the Programmed I/O Address Range
32-bit memory address space. For example:
000000h IllegalSetting
Value 000001h 00000400h - 000007FFh
Programmed Memory Address Range 000002h 00000800h - 00000BFFh
0: 000000000b IllegalSetting 000003h 00000C00h - 00000FFFh
8MB: 000000001b 00800000h - 00FFFFFFh 000004h 00001000h - 000013FFh
16MB: 000000010b 01000000h - 017FFFFFh ... ...
24MB: 000000011b 01800000h - 01FFFFFFh
32MB: 000000100b 02000000h - 027FFFFFh Note: XR07 provides the same function for
40MB: 000000101b 02800000h - 02FFFFFFh ISA/VL. It is ignored in PCI bus mode.
... ... ... Note: In PCI bus configuration, the DR registers
Note: XR08 provides the same function for may also be memory mapped to the upper
ISA/VL. It is ignored in PCI bus mode. megabyte of the 2MB memory space (see
MBASE).
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General Control Registers
General Control & Status Registers
Register I/O Protect

Mnemonic Register Name Index Access Address Group Page
ST00 Input Status 0 – R 3C2h – 59
ST01 Input Status 1 – R 3BAh/3DAh – 59
FCR Feature Control – W 3BAh/3DAh 5 60
R 3CAh
MSR MiscellaneousOutput – W 3C2h 5 60
R 3CCh
INPUT STATUS REGISTER 0 ( ST00 ) INPUT STATUS REGISTER 1 ( ST01 )

Read only at I/O Address at 3C2h Read only at I/O Address 3BAh/3DAh
DE/Hsync Output
Reserved(0) Reserved(0)
VerticalRetrace/Video
RGB Comparator / Sense
VideoFeedback
CRT Interrupt Pending VSync Output
3-0 Reserved (0) 0 Display Enable/HSYNC Output
4 RGB Comparator / Sense The functionality of this bit is controlled by

the Emulation Mode register (XR14 bit-4).
This bit returns the state of the output of the
RGB output comparator or the output of the 0 Indicates DE or HSYNC inactive
Virtual Switch Register (XR1F bit 0, 1, 2, 1 Indicates DE or HSYNC active
or 3) if enabled by XR1F bit-7. 2-1 Reserved (0)
6-5 Reserved (0) 3 Vertical Retrace/Video
The functionality of this bit is controlled by
7 CRT Interrupt Pending the Emulation Mode register (XR14 bit-5).
0 Indicates no CRT interrupt is pending 0 Indicates VSYNC or video inactive
1 Indicates a CRT interrupt is waiting to 1 Indicates VSYNC or video active
be serviced
5-4 Video Feedback 1, 0
These are diagnostic video bits which are
selected via the Color Plane Enable Register.
6 Reserved (0)
7 VSync Output
The functionality of this bit is controlled by
the Emulation Mode register (XR14 bit-6).
It reflects the active status of the VSYNC
output: 0=inactive, 1=active.
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General Control Registers
FEATURE CONTROL REGISTER ( FCR ) MISCELLANEOUSOUTPUTREGISTER(MSR)

Write at I/O Address 3BAh/3DAh Write at I/O Address 3C2h
Read at I/O Address 3CAh Read at I/O Address 3CCh
Group 5 Protection Group 5 Protection
Feature Control I/O Address Select

RAM Enable
Reserved(0)
VSync Control Clock Select
Reserved(0)
Page Select
Reserved(0) HSync Polarity
VSync Polarity
1-0 Feature Control This register is cleared by RESET.

These bits are used internal to the chip in 0 I/O Address Select
conjunction with the Configuration Register This bit selects 3Bxh or 3Dxh as the I/O
(XR01). When enabled by XR01 bits 2-3 address for the CRT Controller registers, the
and Misc Output Register bits 3-2 = 10, Feature Control Register (FCR), and Input
these bits determine the pixel clock Status Register 1 (ST01).
frequency typically as follows: 0 Select 3Bxh I/O address
FCR1:0 = 00 = 40.000 MHz 1 Select 3Dxh I/O address
FCR1:0 = 01 = 50.350 MHz 1 RAM Enable
FCR1:0 = 10 = User defined
FCR1:0 = 11 = 44.900 MHz 0 Prevent CPU access to display memory
1 Allow CPU access to display memory
This preserves compatibility with drivers
developed for earlier generation Chips and 3-2 Clock Select. These bits usually select the
Technologies VGA controllers. dot clock source for the CRT interface:
2 Reserved (0) MSR3:2 = 00 = Select CLK0
MSR3:2 = 01 = Select CLK1
3 VSync Control MSR3:2 = 10 = Select CLK2
This bit is cleared by RESET. MSR3:2 = 11 = Select CLK3
0 VSync output on the VSYNC pin See extension register XR01 bits 2-3
1 Logical 'OR' of VSync and Display (Configuration) and FCR bits 0-1 for
Enable output on the VSYNC pin variations of the above clock selection
mapping. See also XR1F (Virtual Switch
This capability is not typically very useful, Register) for additional functionality
but is provided for IBM compatibility. potentially controlled by these bits.
7-4 Reserved (0) 4 Reserved (0)
5 Page Select. In Odd/Even Memory Map
Mode 1 (GR6), this bit selects the upper or
lower 64 KByte page in display memory for
CPU access: 0=select upper page; 1=select
lower page.
CRT Display Sync Polarities 6 CRT HSync Polarity. 0=pos, 1=neg
V H Display HFreq VFreq 7 CRT VSync Polarity. 0=pos, 1=neg
P P >480 Line Variable Variable
P P 200 Line 15.7 KHz 60 Hz (Blank pin polarity can be controlled via the
N P 350 Line 21.8 KHz 60 Hz Video Interface Register, XR28). XR55
P N 400 Line 31.5 KHz 70 Hz bits 6-7 are used to control H/V sync
polarity instead of these bits if XR51 bit-2 =
N N 480 Line 31.5 KHz 60 Hz 1 (display type = flat panel).
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CGA / Hercules Registers

Mnemonic RegisterName Index Access Address Group Page
MODE CGA/Hercules Mode – R/W 3D8h – 61
COLOR CGA Color Select – R/W 3D9h – 62
HCFG Hercules Configuration – R/W 3BFh – 62
CGA / HERCULES MODE CONTROL 2 CGA Mono/Color Mode

REGISTER ( MODE )
Read/Write at I/O Address 3B8h/3D8h 0 Select CGA color mode
1 Select CGA monochrome mode
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 3 CGA/Hercules Video Enable
HiRes Text (CGA only) 0 Blank the screen
Graphics Mode (0=Text) 1 Enable video output
Monochrome (CGA only)
4 CGA High Resolution Mode
Video Enable
HiRes Graphics (CGA only) 0 Select 320x200 graphics mode
Text Blink Enable 1 Select 640x200 graphics mode
Reserved(0)
5 CGA/Hercules Text Blink Enable
Page Select (Herc only)
0 Disable character blink attribute (blink
attribute bit-7 used to control back-
This register is effective only in CGA and Hercules ground intensity)
modes. It is accessible if CGA or Hercules
emulation mode is selected or the extension registers 1 Enable character blink attribute
are enabled. If the extension registers are enabled,
the address is determined by the address select in the 6 Reserved (0)
Miscellaneous Outputs register. Otherwise the
address is determined by the emulation mode. It is 7 Hercules Page Select
cleared by RESET.
0 Select the lower part of memory
0 CGA 80/40 Column Text Mode (starting address B0000h) in Hercules
Graphics Mode
0 Select 40 column CGA text mode
1 Select 80 column CGA text mode 1 Select the upper part of the memory
(starting address B8000h) in Hercules
1 CGA/Hercules Graphics/Text Mode Graphics Mode
0 Select text mode
1 Select graphics mode
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CGA COLOR SELECT REGISTER (COLOR) HERCULES CONFIGURATION

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D9h REGISTER ( HCFG )
Write only at I/O Address 3BFh
Color bit-0 (Blue) Enable Graphics Mode

Color bit-1 (Green) Enable Memory Page 1
Color bit-2 (Red)
Color bit-3 (Intensity)
Intensity Enable
Color Set Select Reserved(0)
Reserved(0)
This register is effective only in CGA modes. It is This register is effective only in Hercules mode. It is
accessible if CGA emulation mode is selected or the accessible in Hercules emulation mode or if the
extension registers are enabled. This register may extension registers are enabled. It may be read back
also be read or written as an Extension Register through XR14 bits 2 & 3. It is cleared by Reset.
(XR7E). It is cleared by Reset.
0 Enable Graphics Mode
3-0 Color
0 Lock the chip in Hercules text mode.
320x200 4-color: Background Color (color In this mode, the CPU has access only
when the pixel value is 0) to memory address range B0000h-
The foreground colors (colors when the B7FFFh (in text mode the same area
pixel value is 1-3) are determined by bit-5 of of display memory wraps around 8
this register. times within this range such that
B0000 accesses the same display
640x200 2-color: memory location as B1000, B2000,
Foreground Color (color when the pixel etc.).
value is 1)
1 Permit entry to Hercules Graphics
The background color (color when the pixel mode
value is 0) is black.
1 Enable Memory Page 1
4 Intensity Enable
0 Prevent setting of the Page Select bit
Text Mode: Enables intensified (bit 7 of the Hercules Mode Control
background colors Register). This function also restricts
320x200 4-color: Enables intensified memory usage to addresses B0000h-
colors 0-3 B7FFFh.
640x200 2-color: Don't care 1 The Page Select bit can be set and the
5 Color Set Select upper part of display memory
(addresses B8000h - BFFFFh) is
This bit selects one of two available CGA available.
color palettes to be used in 320x200
graphics mode (it is ignored in all other 7-2 Reserved (0)
modes) according to the following table:
Pixel Color Set Color Set
Value 0 1
0 0 Color per bits 0-3 Color per bits 0-3
0 1 Green Cyan
1 0 Red Magenta
1 1 Brown White
7-6 Reserved(0)
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Sequencer Registers
Sequencer Registers

SRX Sequencer Index – R/W 3C4h 1 63
SR00 Reset 00h R/W 3C5h 1 63
SR01 Clocking Mode 01h R/W 3C5h 1 64
SR02 Plane/MapMask 02h R/W 3C5h 1 64
SR03 Character Font 03h R/W 3C5h 1 65
SR04 Memory Mode 04h R/W 3C5h 1 66
SR07 Horizontal Character Counter Reset 07h W 3C5h – 66
SEQUENCER INDEX REGISTER (SRX) SEQUENCER RESET REGISTER (SR00)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3C4h Read/Write at I/O Address 3C5h
Index 00h
Group 1 Protection
Async Reset
SequencerIndex Sync Reset
This register is cleared by reset. 0 Asynchronous Reset

2-0 Sequencer Index 0 Force asynchronous reset
1 Normal operation
These bits contain a 3-bit Sequencer Index
value used to access sequencer data registers Display memory data will be corrupted if
at indices 0 through 7. this bit is set to zero.
7-3 Reserved (0) 1 Synchronous Reset

0 Force synchronous reset
1 Normal operation
Display memory data is not corrupted if this
bit is set to zero for a short period of time (a
few tenths of a microsecond). See also
XR0E.
7-2 Reserved (0)
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Sequencer Registers
SEQUENCER CLOCKING MODE SEQUENCER PLANE/MAP MASK

REGISTER (SR01) REGISTER (SR02)
Index 01h Index 02h
8/9 Dot Clocks

Reserved(0)
Shift Load Color Plane Enable
Input Clock Divide
Shift 4
Screen Off
Reserved(0)
Reserved(0)
0 8/9 Dot Clocks 3-0 Color Plane Enable

This bit determines whether a character clock 0 Write protect corresponding color
is 8 or 9 dot clocks long. plane
0 Select 9 dots/character clock 1 Allow write to corresponding
1 Select 8 dots/character clock color plane.
1 Reserved (0) In Odd/Even and Quad modes, these bits
still control access to the corresponding
2 Shift Load color plane.
0 Load video data shift registers every 7-4 Reserved (0)
characterclock
1 Load video data shift registers every
other character clock
Bit-4 of this register must be 0 for this bit to
be effective.
3 Input Clock Divide
0 Sequencer master clock output on the
PCLK pin (used for 640 (720) pixel
modes)
1 Master clock divided by 2 output on
the PCLK pin (used for 320 (360)
pixel modes)
4 Shift 4
0 Load video shift registers every 1 or 2
character clocks (depending on bit-2
of this register)
1 Load shift registers every 4th character
clock.
5 Screen Off
0 Normal Operation
1 Disable video output and assign all
display memory bandwidth for CPU
accesses
7-6 Reserved (0)
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Sequencer Registers
CHARACTER FONT SELECT The following table shows the display memory plane
REGISTER (SR03) selected by the Character Generator Select A and B
Read/Write at I/O Address 3C5h bits.
Index 03h
Group 1 Protection Code Character Generator Table Location
0 First 8K of Plane 2
1 Second 8K of Plane 2
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 2 Third 8K of Plane 2
3 Fourth 8K of Plane 2
Font Select B bit-1 4 Fifth 8K of Plane 2
Font Select B bit-2 5 Sixth 8K of Plane 2
Font Select A bit-1 6 Seventh 8K of Plane 2
Font Select A bit-2
7 Eighth 8K of Plane 2
Font Select B bit-0 where 'code' is:
Font Select A bit-0 Character Generator Select A (bits 3, 2, 5) when
bit-3 of the attribute byte is one.
Reserved(0) Character Generator Select B (bits 1, 0, 4) when
bit-3 of the attribute byte is zero.
In text modes, bit-3 of the video data's attribute byte
normally controls the foreground intensity. This bit
may be redefined to control switching between char-
acter sets. This latter function is enabled whenever
there is a difference in the values of the Character
Font Select A and the Character Font Select B bits. If
the two values are the same, the character select
function is disabled and attribute bit-3 controls the
foreground intensity.
SR04 bit-1 must be 1 for the character font select
function to be active. Otherwise, only character
fonts 0 and 4 are available.
1-0 High order bits of Character Generator
Select B
3-2 High order bits of Character Generator
Select A
4 Low order bit of Character Generator
Select B
5 Low order bit of Character Generator
SelectA
7-6 Reserved (0)
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Sequencer Registers
SEQUENCER MEMORY MODE SEQUENCER HORIZONTAL CHARACTER

REGISTER (SR04) COUNTER RESET (SR07)
Index 04h Index 07h
Group 1 Protection
Reserved(0)
ExtendedMemory
Odd/EvenMode
Quad Four Mode Don't Care
Reserved(0)
0 Reserved (0) Writing to SR07 with any data will cause the
horizontal character counter to be held reset
1 Extended Memory (character counter output = 0) until a write to any
0 Restrict CPU access to 4 / 16 / 32 other sequencer register with any data value. The
KBytes write to any index in the range 0-6 clears the latch
1 Allow complete access to memory that is holding the reset condition on the character
counter.
This bit should normally be 1.
The vertical line counter is clocked by a signal
2 Odd/Even Mode derived from horizontal display enable (which does
0 CPU accesses to Odd/Even addresses not occur if the horizontal counter is held reset).
Therefore, if the write to SR07 occurs during vertical
are directed to corresponding odd/even retrace, the horizontal and vertical counters will both
planes be set to zero. A write to any other sequencer
1 All planes are accessed simultaneously register may then be used to start both counters with
(IRGB color) reasonable synchronization to an external event via
Bit-3 of this register must be 0 for this bit to software control.
be effective. This bit affects only CPU write This is a standard VGA register which was not
accesses to display memory. documented by IBM.
3 Quad Four Mode
0 CPU addresses are mapped to display
memory as defined by bit-2 of this
register
1 CPU addresses are mapped to display
memory modulo 4. The two low order
CPU address bits select the display
memory plane.
This bit affects both CPU reads and writes
to display memory.
7-4 Reserved (0)
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CRT Controller Registers

CRX CRTC Index – R/W 3B4h/3D4h – 68
CR00 HorizontalTotal 00h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 68
CR01 Horizontal Display Enable End 01h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 68
CR02 Horizontal Blank Start 02h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 69
CR03 Horizontal Blank End 03h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 69
CR04 Horizontal Sync Start 04h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 70
CR05 Horizontal Sync End 05h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 70
CR06 VerticalTotal 06h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0 71
CR07 Overflow 07h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 0/3 71
CR08 Preset Row Scan 08h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 3 72
CR09 Maximum Scan Line 09h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 2/4 72
CR0A Cursor Start Scan Line 0Ah R/W 3B5h/3D5h 2 73
CR0B Cursor End Scan Line 0Bh R/W 3B5h/3D5h 2 73
CR0C Start Address High 0Ch R/W 3B5h/3D5h – 74
CR0D Start Address Low 0Dh R/W 3B5h/3D5h – 74
CR0E Cursor Location High 0Eh R/W 3B5h/3D5h – 74
CR0F Cursor Location Low 0Fh R/W 3B5h/3D5h – 74
CR10 Vertical Sync Start (See Note 2) 10h W or R/W 3B5h/3D5h 4 75
CR11 Vertical Sync End (See Note 2) 11h W or R/W 3B5h/3D5h 3/4 75
CR10 Lightpen High (See Note 2) 10h R 3B5h/3D5h – 75
CR11 Lightpen Low (See Note 2) 11h R 3B5h/3D5h – 75
CR12 Vertical Display Enable End 12h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 4 76
CR13 Offset 13h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 3 76
CR14 Underline Row 14h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 3 76
CR15 Vertical Blank Start 15h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 4 77
CR16 Vertical Blank End 16h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 4 77
CR17 CRT Mode Control 17h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 3/4 78
CR18 Line Compare 18h R/W 3B5h/3D5h 3 79
CR22 Memory Data Latches 22h R 3B5h/3D5h – 80
CR24 Attribute Controller Toggle 24h R 3B5h/3D5h – 80
Note 1: When MDA or Hercules emulation is enabled, the CRTC I/O address should be set to 3B0h-3B7h by
setting the I/O address select bit in the Miscellaneous Output register (3C2h/3CCh bit-0) to zero. When
CGA emulation is enabled, the CRTC I/O address should be set to 3D0h-3D7h by setting Misc Output
Register bit-0 to 1.
Note 2: In the EGA, all CRTC registers except the cursor (CR0C-CR0F) and light pen (CR10 and CR11)
registers are write-only (i.e., no read back). In both the EGA and VGA, the light pen registers are at
index locations conflicting with the vertical sync registers. This would normally prevent reads and writes
from occurring at the same index. Since the light pen registers are not normally useful, the VGA
provides software control (CR03 bit-7) of whether the vertical sync or light pen registers are readable at
indices 10-11.
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CRTC INDEX REGISTER (CRX) HORIZONTAL DISPLAY ENABLE END

Read/Write at I/O Address 3B4h/3D4h REGISTER (CR01)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h
Index 01h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Group 0 Protection
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
CRTC Index
Horizontal Display
Reserved(0)
5-0 CRTC Data Register Index

7-6 Reserved (0)
This register is used for all VGA and EGA modes on
CRTs. It is also used for 640 column CGA modes
and MDA/Hercules text mode. In all 320 column
CGA modes and Hercules graphics mode, the
alternate register is used.
HORIZONTAL TOTAL REGISTER (CR00) 7-0 Horizontal Display
Index 00h Number of Characters displayed per scan
Group 0 Protection line – 1.
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Horizontal Total
This register is used for all VGA and EGA modes.

It is also used for 640 column CGA modes and
MDA/Hercules text mode. In all 320 column CGA
modes and Hercules graphics mode, the alternate
register is used.
7-0 Horizontal Total
Total number of character clocks per line =
contents of this register + 5. This register
determines the horizontal sweep rate.
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HORIZONTAL BLANK START HORIZONTAL BLANK END

REGISTER (CR02) REGISTER (CR03)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h
Index 02h Index 03h
H Blank End
H Blank Start
DE Skew Control
Light Pen Register Enable
This register is used for all VGA and EGA modes. This register is used for all VGA and EGA modes.
It is also used for 640 column CGA modes and It is also used for 640 column CGA modes and
MDA/Hercules text mode. In all 320 column CGA MDA/Hercules text mode. In all 320 column CGA
modes and Hercules graphics mode, the alternate modes and Hercules graphics mode, the alternate
register is used. register is used.
7-0 Horizontal Blank Start 4-0 Horizontal Blank End
These bits specify the beginning of These are the lower 5 bits of the character
horizontal blank in terms of character clocks clock count used to define the end of
from the beginning of the display scan. The horizontal blank. The interval between the
period between Horizontal Display Enable end of horizontal blank and the beginning of
End and Horizontal Blank Start is the right the display (a count of 0) is the left side
side border on screen. border on the screen. If the horizontal blank
width desired is W clocks, the 5-bit value
programmed in this register = [contents of
CR02 + W] and 1Fh. The most significant
bit is programmed in CR05 bit-7. This bit =
[( CR02 + W) and 20h]/20h.
6-5 Display Enable Skew Control
Defines the number of character clocks that
the Display Enable signal is delayed to
compensate for internal pipeline delays.
7 Light Pen Register Enable
This bit must be 1 for normal operation;
when this bit is 0, CRTC registers CR10
and CR11 function as lightpen readback
registers.
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HORIZONTAL SYNC START HORIZONTAL SYNC END

Index 04h Index 05h
Horizontal Sync End
Horizontal Sync Start
Horizontal Sync Delay

H Blank End Bit 5
This register is used for all VGA and EGA modes. This register is used for all VGA and EGA modes.
It is also used for 640 column CGA modes and It is also used for 640 column CGA modes and
MDA/Hercules text mode. In all 320 column CGA MDA/Hercules text mode. In all 320 column CGA
modes and Hercules graphics mode, the alternate modes and Hercules graphics mode, the alternate
register is used. register is used.
7-0 Horizontal Sync Start 4-0 Horizontal Sync End
These bits specify the beginning of HSync Lower 5 bits of the character clock count
in terms of Character clocks from the which specifies the end of Horizontal Sync.
beginning of the display scan. These bits If the horizontal sync width desired is N
also determine display centering on the clocks, then these bits = (N + contents of
screen. CR04) and 1Fh.
6-5 Horizontal Sync Delay
These bits specify the number of character
clocks that the Horizontal Sync is delayed to
compensate for internal pipeline delays.
7 Horizontal Blank End Bit 5
This bit is the sixth bit of the Horizontal
Blank End Register (CR03).
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VERTICAL TOTAL REGISTER (CR06) OVERFLOW REGISTER (CR07)

Index 06h Index 07h
Group 0 Protection Group 0 Protection on bits 0-3 and bits 5-7
Group 3 Protection on bit 4
V Total Bit 8
V DE End Bit 8
V Sync Start Bit 8
V Blank Start Bit 8
V Total (Scan Lines) Line Compare Bit 8
(Lower 8 Bits) V Total Bit 9
V DE End Bit 9
V Sync Start Bit 9
This register is used in all modes. This register is used in all modes.
7-0 Vertical Total 0 Vertical Total Bit 8
These are the 8 low order bits of a 10-bit 1 Vertical Display Enable End Bit 8
register. The 9th and 10th bits are located in
the CRT Controller Overflow Register. The 2 Vertical Sync Start Bit 8
Vertical Total value specifies the total 3 Vertical Blank Start Bit 8
number of scan lines (horizontal retrace
periods) per frame. 4 Line Compare Bit 8
5 Vertical Total Bit 9
Programmed Count = Actual Count – 2
6 Vertical Display Enable End Bit 9
7 Vertical Sync Start Bit 9
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PRESET ROW SCAN REGISTER (CR08) MAXIMUM SCAN LINE REGISTER (CR09)
Index 08h Index 09h
Group 3 Protection Group 2 Protection on bits 0-4
Group 4 Protection on bits 5-7
Start Row Scan Count Scan Lines Per Row
V Blank Start Bit 9

Byte Panning Control Line Compare Bit 9
Reserved(0) Double Scan
4-0 Start Row Scan Count 4-0 Scan Lines Per Row
These bits specify the starting row scan These bits specify the number of scan lines
count after each vertical retrace. Every in a row:
horizontal retrace increments the character
row scan line counter. The horizontal row Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1
scan counter is cleared at maximum row 5 Vertical Blank Start Register Bit 9
scan count during active display. This
register is used for soft scrolling in text 6 Line Compare Register Bit 9
modes. 7 Double Scan
6-5 Byte Panning Control 0 Normal Operation
These bits specify the lower order bits for 1 Enable scan line doubling
the display start address. They are used for The vertical parameters in the CRT
horizontal panning in Odd/Even and Quad Controller (even for a split screen) are not
modes. affected, only the CRTC row scan counter
7 Reserved (0) (bits 0-4 of this register) and display
memory addressing screen refresh are
affected.
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CURSOR START SCAN LINE CURSOR END SCAN LINE

REGISTER CR0A) REGISTER (CR0B)
Index 0Ah Index 0Bh
Cursor Start Scan Line Cursor End Scan Line
Cursor off
Cursor Delay
4-0 Cursor Start Scan Line 4-0 Cursor End Scan Line
These bits specify the scan line of the These bits specify the scan line of a character
character row where the cursor display row where the cursor display ends (i.e., last
begins. scan line for the block cursor):
5 Cursor Off Programmed Value = Actual Value + 1
0 Text Cursor On 6-5 Cursor Delay
1 Text Cursor Off
These bits define the number of character
7-6 Reserved (0) clocks that the cursor is delayed to
compensate for internal pipeline delay.
7 Reserved (0)
Note: If the Cursor Start Line is greater than the
Cursor End Line, then no cursor is generated.
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START ADDRESS HIGH REGISTER (CR0C) CURSORLOCATIONHIGHREGISTER(CR0E)

Index 0Ch Index 0Eh
Display Start Address High Text Cursor Address

(Upper 8 bits) (Upper 8 bits)
7-0 Display Start Address High 7-0 Text Cursor Location High
This register contains the upper 8 bits of the This register contains the upper 8 bits of the
display start address. In CGA / MDA / memory address where the text cursor is
Hercules modes, this register wraps around active. In CGA / MDA / Hercules modes,
at the 16K, 32K, and 64KByte boundaries this register wraps around at 16K, 32K, and
respectively. 64KByte boundaries respectively.
START ADDRESS LOW REGISTER (CR0D) CURSORLOCATIONLOWREGISTER(CR0F)

Index 0Dh Index 0Fh
Display Start Address Low Text Cursor Address

(Lower 8 bits) (Lower 8 bits)
7-0 Display Start Address Low 7-0 Text Cursor Location Low
This register contains the lower 8 bits of the This register contains the lower 8 bits of the
display start address. The display start memory address where the text cursor is
address points to the memory address active. In CGA / MDA / Hercules modes,
corresponding to the top left corner of the this register wraps around at 16K, 32K, and
screen. 64KByte boundaries respectively.
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LIGHTPEN HIGH REGISTER (CR10) VERTICAL SYNC END REGISTER (CR11)

Read only at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h
Index 10h Index 11h
Group 3 Protection for bits 4 and 5
Read-only Register loaded at line compare (the light Group 4 Protection for bits 0-3, 6, and 7
pen flip-flop is not implemented). Effective only in
MDA and Hercules modes or when CR03 bit-7 = 0. D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
V Sync End
LIGHTPEN LOW REGISTER (CR11) V Interrupt Clear

Read only at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h
V Interrupt Enable
Index 11h
Select Refresh Type
Protect CRTC (Group 0)
Read-only Register loaded at line compare (the light
pen flip-flop is not implemented). Effective only in
MDA and Hercules modes or when CR03 bit-7 = 0. This register is used in all modes. This register is
not readable in MDA/Hercules emulation or when
CR03 bit-7=1.
3-0 Vertical Sync End
The lower 4 bits of the scan line count that
defines the end of vertical sync. If the
VERTICAL SYNC START REGISTER (CR10) vertical sync width desired is N lines, then
Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h bits 3-0 of this register = (CR10 + N) AND
Index 10h 0Fh.
Group 4 Protection 4 Vertical Interrupt Clear
0=Clear vertical interrupt generated on the
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
IRQ output; 1=Normal operation. This bit is
cleared by RESET.
5 Vertical Interrupt Enable
0 Enable vertical interrupt (default)
1 Disable vertical interrupt
V Sync Start
(Lower 8 bits) This bit is cleared by RESET.
6 Select Refresh Type ( Ignored )
7 Group Protect 0
This register is used in all modes. This register is This bit is logically ORed with XR15 bit-6
not readable in (Line Compare bit-9) MDA/Hercules to determine the protection for group 0
emulation or when CR03 bit-7=1. registers. This bit is cleared by RESET.
7-0 Vertical Sync Start 0 Enable writes to CR00-CR07
1 Disable writes to CR00-CR07
The eight low order bits of a 10-bit register.
The 9th and 10th bits are located in the CR07 bit-4 (Line Compare bit-9) is not
CRTC Overflow Register. They define the affected by this bit.
scan line position at which Vertical Sync
becomes active.
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VERTICAL DISPLAY ENABLE END UNDERLINE LOCATION REGISTER (CR14)

REGISTER (CR12) Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h
Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h Index 14h
Index 12h Group 3 Protection
Group 4 Protection
Underline Position
V Display Enable End

(Lower 8 bits) Count by 4
DoublewordMode
Reserved(0)
7-0 Vertical Display Enable End 4-0 Underline Position

These are the eight low order bits of a 10-bit These bits specify the underline's scan line
register. The 9th and 10th bits are located in position within a character row.
the CRT Controller Overflow register. The
actual count = Contents of this register + 1. Programmed Value = Actual scan line
number – 1
5 Count by 4 for Doubleword Mode
OFFSET REGISTER (CR13)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h 0 Frame Buffer Address is incremented
Index 13h by 1 or 2
Group 3 Protection 1 Frame Buffer Address is incremented
by 4 or 2
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 See CR17 bit-3 for further details.
6 Doubleword Mode
0 Frame Buffer Address is byte or word
address
1 Frame Buffer Address is doubleword
Display Buffer Width address
This bit is used in conjunction with CR17
bit-6 to select the display memory
addressing mode.
7-0 Display Buffer Width. The byte starting 7 Reserved (0)
address of the next display row = Byte Start
Address for current row + K* (CR13 +
Z/2), where Z = bit defined in XR0D, K = 2
in byte mode, and K = 4 in word mode.
Byte, word and double word mode is
selected by bit-6 of CR17 and bit-6 of
CR14. A less significant bit than bit-0 of
this register is defined in the Auxiliary Offset
register (XR0D). This allows finer
resolution of the bit map width. Byte, word
and doubleword mode affects the translation
of the 'logical' display memory address to
the 'physical' display memory address.
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VERTICAL BLANK START VERTICAL BLANK END

Index 15h Index 16h
V Blank Start V Blank End

(Lower 8 bits) (Lower 8 bits)
This register is used in all modes. This register is used in all modes.
7-0 Vertical Blank Start 7-0 Vertical Blank End
These are the 8 low order bits of a 10-bit These are the 8 low order bits of the scan
register. The 9th and 10th bits are located in line count which specifies the end of Vertical
the CRT Controller Overflow and Maximum Blank. If the vertical blank width desired is
Scan Line Registers respectively. Together Z lines these bits = (Vertical Blank Start + Z)
these 10 bits define the scan line position and 0FFh.
where vertical blank begins. The interval
between the end of the vertical display and
the beginning of vertical blank is the bottom
border on the screen.
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CRT MODE CONTROL REGISTER (CR17) 3 Count By Two

Read/Write at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h 0 Memory address counter is
Index 17h incremented every character clock
Group 3 Protection for bits 0, 1, and 3-7 1 Memory address counter is
Group 4 Protection for bit 2 incremented every two character
clocks, used in conjunction with bit 5
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 of 0Fh.
Note: This bit is used in conjunction with
Compatibility Mode CR14 bit-5. The net effect is as follows:
Select Row Scan Counter Increment
VSync Select CR14 CR17 Addressing
Count by 2 Bit-5 Bit-3 Every
Reserved(0) 0 0 1 CCLK
AddressWrap
0 1 2 CCLK
1 0 4 CCLK
Word/ByteMode 1 1 2 CCLK
CRTC Reset
Note: In Hercules graphics and Hi-res CGA
modes, address increments every two
0 Compatibility Mode Support clocks.
This bit allows compatibility with the IBM 4 Reserved (0)
CGA two-bank graphics mode.
5 AddressWrap (effective only in word mode)
0 Character row scan line counter bit 0 0 Wrap display memory address at 16
is substituted for memory address bit KBytes. Used in IBM CGA mode.
13 during active display time 1 Normal operation (extended mode).
1 Normal operation, no substitution
takes place 6 Word Mode or Byte Mode
1 Select Row Scan Counter 0 Select Word Mode. In this mode the
This bit allows compatibility with Hercules display memory address counter bits
graphics and with any other 4-bank graphics are shifted down by one, causing the
system. most-significant bit of the counter to
appear on the least-significant bit of
0 Character row scan line counter bit 1 the display memory address output
is substituted for memory address bit 1 Select byte mode
14 during active display time
1 Normal operation, no substitution Note: This bit is used in conjunction with
takes place CR14 bit-6 to select byte, word, or double
word memory addressing as follows:
2 Vertical Sync Select
CR14 CR17
This bit controls the vertical resolution of the Bit-6 Bit-6 Addressing Mode
CRT Controller by permitting selection of 0 0 Word Mode
the clock rate input to the vertical counters. 0 1 Byte Mode
When set to 1, the vertical counters are 1 0 Double Word Mode
clocked by the horizontal retrace clock 1 1 Double Word Mode
divided by 2.
Display memory addresses are affected as
shown in the table on the following page.
7 CRTC Reset
0 Force HSYNC and VSYNC inactive.
No other registers or outputs affected.
1 Normal Operation
This bit is cleared by RESET.
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Display memory addresses are affected by CR17 bit LINE COMPARE

6 as shown in the table below: REGISTER (CR18)
Logical Physical Memory Address Index 18h
Memory Byte Word DoubleWord Group 3 Protection
Address Mode Mode Mode
MA00 A00 Note 1 Note 2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
MA01 A01 A00 Note 3
MA02 A02 A01 A00
MA03 A03 A02 A01
MA04 A04 A03 A02
MA05 A05 A04 A03
MA06 A06 A05 A04
MA07 A07 A06 A05 Line Compare Target
MA08 A08 A07 A06 (Lower 8 bits)
MA09 A09 A08 A07
MA10 A10 A09 A08
MA11 A11 A10 A09
MA12 A12 A11 A10
MA13 A13 A12 A11 7-0 Line Compare Target
MA14 A14 A13 A12 These are the low order 8 bits of a 10-bit
MA15 A15 A14 A13 register. The 9th and 10th bits are located in
the CRT Controller Overflow and Maximum
Note 1 = A13 * NOT CR17 bit 5 Scan Line Registers, respectively. This
+ A15 * CR17 bit 5 register is used to implement a split screen
Note 2 = A12 xor (A14 * XR04 bit 2) function. When the scan line counter value
Note 3 = A13 xor (A15 * XR04 bit 2) is equal to the contents of this register, the
memory address counter is cleared to 0. The
display memory address counter then
sequentially addresses the display memory
starting at address 0. Each subsequent row
address is generated by the addition of the
Offset Register contents. This register is not
affected by the double scanning bit (CR09
bit 7).
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MEMORY DATA LATCH ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER TOGGLE

Read only at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h Read only at I/O Address 3B5h/3D5h
Index 22h Index 24h
Data Latch n Bit 7

Data Latch n Bit 6
Data Latch n Bit 5
Data Latch n Bit 4 Reserved(0)
Data Latch n Bit 3
Data Latch n Bit 2
Data Latch n Bit 1
Data Latch n Bit 0 Index (0) / Data (1)
This register may be used to read the state of 6-0 Reserved (0)
Graphics Controller Memory Data Latch 'n', where
'n' is controlled by the Graphics Controller Read 7 Index/Data
Map Select Register (GR04 bits 0–1) and is in the This bit may be used to read back the state of
range 0–3. the attribute controller index/data latch. This
Writes to this register are not decoded and will be latch indicates whether the next write to the
ignored. attribute controller at 3C0h will be to the
This is a standard VGA register which was not register index pointer or to an indexed
documented by IBM. register.
0 Next write is to the index
1 Next write is to an indexed register
Writes to this register are not decoded and will be
ignored.
This is a standard VGA register which was not
documented by IBM.
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Graphics Controller Registers

GRX Graphics Index – R/W 3CEh 1 81
GR00 Set/Reset 00h R/W 3CFh 1 81
GR01 EnableSet/Reset 01h R/W 3CFh 1 82
GR02 Color Compare 02h R/W 3CFh 1 82
GR03 DataRotate 03h R/W 3CFh 1 83
GR04 Read Map Select 04h R/W 3CFh 1 83
GR05 Graphics mode 05h R/W 3CFh 1 84
GR06 Miscellaneous 06h R/W 3CFh 1 86
GR07 Color Don't Care 07h R/W 3CFh 1 86
GR08 Bit Mask 08h R/W 3CFh 1 87
GRAPHICSCONTROLLER SET/RESET REGISTER (GR00)

INDEX REGISTER (GRX) Read/Write at I/O Address 3CFh
Write only at I/O Address 3CEh Index 00h
Set/Reset Bit 0
Index to Graphics Set/Reset Bit 1
Controller Data Set/Reset Bit 2
Registers Set/Reset Bit 3
3-0 4-bitIndextoGraphicsControllerRegisters The SET/RESET and ENABLE SET/RESET

registers are used to 'expand' 8 bits of CPU data to
7-4 Reserved (0) 32 bits of display memory.
3-0 Set / Reset Planes 3-0
When the Graphics Mode register selects
Write Mode 0, all 8 bits of each display
memory plane are set as specified in the
corresponding bit in this register. The
Enable Set/Reset register (GR01) allows
selection of some of the source of data to be
written to individual planes. In Write Mode
3 (see GR05), these bits determine the color
value.
7-4 Reserved (0)
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ENABLE SET/RESET REGISTER (GR01) COLOR COMPARE REGISTER (GR02)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3CFh Read/Write at I/O Address 3CFh
Index 01h Index 02h
Enable Set/Reset Bit 0 Color Compare (Plane 0)

3-0 Enable Set / Reset Planes 3-0 3-0 Color Compare Planes 3-0
This register works in conjunction with the This register is used to 'reduce' 32 bits of
Set/Reset register (GR00). The Graphics memory data to 8 bits for the CPU in 4-
Mode register must be programmed to Write plane graphics mode. These bits provide a
Mode 0 in order for this register to have any reference color value to compare to data read
effect. from display memory planes 0-3. The Color
Don't Care register (GR07) is used to affect
0 The corresponding plane is written the result. This register is active only if the
with the data from the CPU data bus Graphics Mode register (GR05) is set to
1 The corresponding plane is set to 0 or Read Mode 1. A match between the
1 as specified in the Set/Reset Register memory data and the Color Compare register
(GR02) (for the bits specified in the Color
7-4 Reserved (0) Don't Care register) causes a logical 1 to be
placed on the CPU data bus for the
corresponding data bit; a mis-match returns
a logical 0.
7-4 Reserved (0)
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DATA ROTATE REGISTER (GR03) READ MAP SELECT REGISTER (GR04)

Index 03h Index 04h
Rotate Count 0 Read Map Select 0

Rotate Count 1 Read Map Select 1
Rotate Count 2
Function Select Reserved(0)
Reserved(0)
2-0 Data Rotate Count 1-0 Read Map Select

These bits specify the number of bits to This register is also used to 'reduce' 32 bits
rotate to the right the data being written by of memory data to 8 bits for the CPU in the
the CPU. The CPU data bits are first 4-plane graphics mode. These bits select the
rotated, then subjected to the logical memory plane from which the CPU reads
operation as specified in the Function Select data in Read Mode 0. In Odd/Even mode,
bit field. The rotate function is active only if bit-0 is ignored. In Quad mode, bits 0 and 1
the Graphics Mode register is programmed are both ignored.
for Write Mode 0.
The four memory maps are selected as
4-3 Function Select follows:
These Function Select bits specify the logical Bit 1 Bit 0 MapSelected
function performed on the contents of the 0 0 Plane 0
processor latches (loaded on a previous 0 1 Plane 1
CPU read cycle) before the data is written to 1 0 Plane 2
display memory. These bits operate as 1 1 Plane 3
follows:
7-2 Reserved (0)
Bit 4 Bit 3 Result
0 0 No change to the Data
0 1 Logical 'AND' between Data
and latched data
1 0 Logical 'OR' between Data
and latched data
1 1 Logical 'XOR' between Data
and latched data
7-5 Reserved (0)
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GRAPHICS MODE REGISTER (GR05) corresponding pixel in the

Read/Write at I/O Address 3CFh processor latches. The Set/Reset
Index 05h and Enable Set/Reset registers are
Group 1 Protection ignored. The Function Select bits
in the Data Rotate register are
used.
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 1 Write mode 3. The CPU data is
rotated then logically ANDed with
Write Mode the contents of the Bit Mask
Reserved(0) register (GR08) and then treated as
ReadMode the addressed data's bit mask,
Odd/EvenMode
while the contents of the Set/Reset
register is treated as the color
value.
Shift Register Mode
Reserved(0) A '0' on the data bus (mask)
causes the corresponding pixel in
the addressed byte to be set to the
1-0 Write Mode corresponding pixel in the
processor latches.
For 16-bit writes, the operation is repeated
on the lower and upper bytes of CPU data. A '1' on the data bus (mask)
causes the corresponding pixel in
1 0 Write Mode the addressed byte to be set to the
0 0 Write mode 0. Each of the four color value specified in the
display memory planes is written Set/Reset register.
with the CPU data rotated by the
number of counts in the Rotate The Enable Set/Reset register is
Register, except when the ignored. The Data Rotate is used.
Set/Reset Register is enabled for This write mode can be used to fill
any of the four planes. When the an area with a single color and
Set/Reset Register is enabled, the pattern.
corresponding plane is written
with the data stored in the 2 Reserved (0)
Set/Reset Register. 3 Read Mode
0 1 Write mode 1. Each of the four 0 The CPU reads data from one of the
display memory planes is written planes as selected in the Read Map
with the data previously loaded in Select register.
the processor latches. These
latches are loaded during all read 1 The CPU reads the 8-bit result of the
operations. logical comparison between all eight
pixels in the four display planes and
1 0 Write mode 2. The CPU data bus the contents of the Color Compare and
data is treated as the color value for Color Don't Care registers. The CPU
the addressed byte in planes 0-3. reads a logical 1 if a match occurs for
All eight pixels in the addressed each pixel and logical 0 if a mis-match
byte are modified unless protected occurs. In 16-bit read cycles, this
by the Bit Mask register setting. A operation is repeated on the lower and
logical 1 in the Bit Mask register upper bytes.
sets the corresponding pixel in the
addressed byte to the color (Continued on following page)
specified on the data bus. A 0 in
the Bit Mask register sets the
corresponding pixel in the
addressed byte to the
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4 Odd/Even Mode
0 All CPU addresses sequentially access all planes
1 Even CPU addresses access planes 0 and 2, while odd CPU addresses access planes 1 and 3. This
option is useful for compatibility with the IBM CGA memory organization.
6-5 Shift Register Mode
These two bits select the data shift pattern used when passing data from the four memory planes through
the four video shift registers. If data bits 0-7 in memory planes 0-3 are represented as M0D0-M0D7,
M1D0-M1D7, M2D0-M2D7, and M3D0-M3D7 respectively, then the data in the serial shift registers is
shifted out as follows:
Last Bit 1st Bit Out-
Shifted Shift Shifted put
65 Out Direction Out to:
00: M0D0 M0D1 M0D2 M0D3 M0D4 M0D5 M0D6 M0D7 Bit 0
M1D0 M1D1 M1D2 M1D3 M1D4 M1D5 M1D6 M1D7 Bit 1
01: M1D0 M1D2 M1D4 M1D6 M0D0 M0D2 M0D4 M0D6 Bit 0
1x: M3D0 M3D4 M2D0 M2D4 M1D0 M1D4 M0D0 M0D4 Bit 0
Note: If the Shift Register is not loaded every character clock (see SR01 bits 2&4) then the four 8-bit
shift registers are effectively 'chained' with the output of shift register 1 becoming the input to
shift register 0 and so on. This allows one to have a large monochrome (or 4 color) bit map and
display one portion thereof.
Note: If XR28 bit-4 is set (8-bit video path), GR05 bit-6 must be set to 0:
0x and XR28 bit-4=1: M3D0 M2D0 M1D0 M0D0 Bit 0
M3D1 M2D1 M1D1 M0D1 Bit 1
7 Reserved (0)
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MISCELLANEOUS REGISTER (GR06) COLOR DON'T CARE REGISTER (GR07)

Index 06h Index 07h
Graphics/Text Mode Ignore Color Plane 0

Chain Odd/Even Planes Ignore Color Plane 1
Ignore Color Plane 2
Memory Map Mode Ignore Color Plane 3
0 Graphics/Text Mode 3-0 Ignore Color Plane (3-0)

0 Text Mode 0 This causes the corresponding bit of
1 Graphics mode the Color Compare register to be a
don't care during a comparison.
1 Chain Odd/Even Planes
1 The corresponding bit of the Color
This mode can be used to double the address Compare register is enabled for color
space into display memory. comparison. This register is active in
1 CPU address bit A0 is replaced by a Read Mode 1 only.
higher order address bit. The state of 7-4 Reserved (0)
A0 determines which memory plane is
to be selected:
A0 = 0: select planes 0 and 2
A0 = 1: select planes 1 and 3
0 A0 not replaced
3-2 Memory Map Mode
These bits control the mapping of the display
memory into the CPU address space as
follows (also used in extended modes):
Bit 3 Bit 2 CPU Address
0 0 A0000h-BFFFFh
0 1 A0000h-AFFFFh
1 0 B0000h-B7FFFh
1 1 B8000h-BFFFFh
7-4 Reserved (0)
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BIT MASK REGISTER (GR08)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3CFh
Index 08h
Group 1 Protection
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Bit Mask
0=Immune to change
1=Change permitted
7-0 Bit Mask

This bit mask is applicable to any data
written by the CPU, including that subject to
a rotate, logical function (AND, OR, XOR),
Set/Reset, and No Change. In order to
execute a proper read-modify-write cycle
into displayed memory, each byte must first
be read (and latched by the VGA), the Bit
Mask register set, and the new data then
written. The bit mask applies to all four
planes simultaneously.
0 The corresponding bit in each of the
four memory planes is written from
the corresponding bit in the latches
1 Unrestricted manipulation of the
corresponding data bit in each of the
four memory planes is permitted
Revision 1.2 87 65540 / 545

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Revision 1.2 88 65540 / 545

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Attribute Controller and Color Palette Registers
Attribute Controller and VGA Color Palette Registers

ARX Attribute Index (for 3C0/3C1h) – R/W 3C0h 1 89
AR00-AR0F Attribute Controller Color Data 00-0Fh R/W 3C0h/3C1h 1 90
AR10 Mode Control 10h R/W 3C0h/3C1h 1 90
AR11 Overscan Color 11h R/W 3C0h/3C1h 1 91
AR12 Color Plane Enable 12h R/W 3C0h/3C1h 1 91
AR13 Horizontal Pixel Panning 13h R/W 3C0h/3C1h 1 92
AR14 Pixel Pad 14h R/W 3C0h/3C1h 1 92
DACMASK Color Palette Pixel Mask – R/W 3C6h 6 93
DACSTATE Color Palette State – R 3C7h – 93
DACRX Color Palette Read-Mode Index – W 3C7h 6 94
DACX Color Palette Index (for 3C9h) – R/W 3C8h 6 94
DACDATA Color Palette Data 00-FFh R/W 3C9h 6 94
In regular VGA mode, all Attribute Controller ATTRIBUTE INDEX

registers are located at the same byte address (3C0h) REGISTER (ARX)
in the CPU I/O space. An internal flip-flop controls Read/Write at I/O Address 3C0h
the selection of either the Attribute Index or Data Group 1 Protection
Registers. To select the Index Register, an I/O Read
is executed to address 3BAh/3DAh (Input Status D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Register 1) to clear this flip-flop. After the Index
Register has been loaded by an I/O Write to address
3C0h, this flip-flop toggles, and the Data Register is Index to
ready to be accessed. Every I/O Write to address
3C0h toggles this flip-flop. The flip-flop does not
have any effect on the reading of the Attribute Con- Data Registers
troller registers. The Attribute Controller index reg-
ister is always read back at address 3C0h, the data Enable Video
register is always read back at address 3C1h.
An option is provided to allow the Attribute Reserved(0)
Controller Index register to be mapped to 3C0h and
the Data register to 3C1h to allow word I/O accesses. 4-0 Attribute Controller Index
Another option allows the Attribute Controller to be These bits point to one of the internal
both read and written at either 3C0h or 3C1h (EGA registers of the Attribute Controller.
compatible mode). These optional mappings are
selected by 'CPU Interface Register 1' (XR02[4-3]) 5 Enable Video
and are not standard VGA capabilities.
0 Disable video, allowing the Attribute
The VGA color palette is used to further modify the Controller Color registers to be
video color output following the attribute controller accessed by the CPU
color registers. The color palette logic is contained
on-chip; extension register XR06 is provided to 1 Enable video, causing the Attribute
control various optional capabilities. DAC logic is Controller Color registers (AR00-
provided on-chip to convert the final video output of AR0F) to be inaccessible to the CPU
the color palette to analog RGB outputs for use in
driving a CRT display. Output comparator logic is 7-6 Reserved (0)
also provided on-chip to duplicate the SENSE
function (see Status Register 0 readable at 3C2h).
Revision 1.2 89 65540 / 545

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ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER 2 Enable Line Graphics Character Codes

COLOR REGISTERS (AR00-AR0F)
Read at I/O Address 3C1h This bit is dependent on bit 0 of the Override
Write at I/O Address 3C0/1h register.
Index 00-0Fh 0 Make the ninth pixel appear the same
Group 1 Protection or XR63 bit-6 as the background
1 For special line graphics character
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 codes (0C0h-0DFh), make the ninth
Blue pixel identical to the eighth pixel of the
character. For other characters, the
Green
ninth pixel is the same as the
Red background.
SecondaryBlue
SecondaryGreen
3 Enable Blink/Select Background Intensity
SecondaryRed The blinking counter is clocked by the
VSYNC signal. The Blink frequency is
Reserved(0) defined in the Blink Rate Control Register
(XR60).
5-0 Color Value 0 Disable Blinking and enable text mode
background intensity
These bits are the color value in the
respective attribute controller color register 1 Enable the blink attribute in text and
as pointed to by the attribute index register. graphics modes.
7-6 Reserved (0) 4 Reserved (0)
5 Split Screen Horizontal Panning Mode
0 Scroll both screens horizontally as
specified in the Pixel Panning register
ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER
MODE CONTROL REGISTER (AR10) 1 Scroll horizontally only the top screen
Read at I/O Address 3C1h as specified in the Pixel panning
Write at I/O Address 3C0/1h register
Index 10h 6 256 Color Output Assembler
Group 1 Protection
0 6-bits of video (translated from 4-bits
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
by the internal color palette) are output
every dot clock
Text/Graphics Mode 1 Two 4-bit sets of video data are
Mono/Color Display assembled to generate 8-bit video data
Enable Line Graphics at half the frequency of the internal dot
Select Background clock (256 color mode).
Reserved(0) 7 Video Output 5-4 Select
Horizontal Split Screen
256 Color
0 Video bits 4 and 5 are generated by the
internal Attribute Controller color
Video Output 4-5 Select palette registers
0 Text/Graphics Mode 1 Video bits 4 and 5 are the same as bits
0 Select text mode 0 and 1 in the Pixel Pad register
1 Select graphics mode (AR14)
1 Monochrome/Color Display
0 Select color display attributes
1 Select mono display attributes
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OVERSCAN COLOR REGISTER (AR11) COLOR PLANE ENABLE REGISTER (AR12)

Read at I/O Address 3C1h Read at I/O Address 3C1h
Write at I/O Address 3C0/1h Write at I/O Address 3C0/1h
Index 11H Index 12h
Color Plane 0 Enable

Overscan Color
Display Status Select
Reserved(0)
7-0 Overscan Color 3-0 Color Plane (3-0) Enable

These 8 bits define the overscan (border) 0 Force the corresponding color plane
color value. For monochrome displays, pixel bit to 0 before it addresses the
these bits should be zero. color palette
The border color is displayed in the interval 1 Enable the plane data bit of the
after Display Enable End and before Blank corresponding color plane to pass
Start (end of display area; i.e. right side and 5-4 Display Status Select
bottom of screen) and between Blank End
and Display Enable Start (beginning of These bits select two of the eight color
display area; i.e. left side and top of screen). outputs to be read back in the Input Status
Register 1 (port 3BAh or 3DAh). The
output color combinations available on the
status bits are as follows:
Status Register 1
Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 4
0 0 P2 P0
0 1 P5 P4
1 0 P3 P1
1 1 P7 P6
7-6 Reserved (0)
Revision 1.2 91 65540 / 545

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ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER HORIZONTAL ATTRIBUTE CONTROLLER

PIXEL PANNING REGISTER (AR13) PIXEL PAD REGISTER (AR14)
Read at I/O Address 3C1h Read at I/O Address 3C1h
Write At I/O Address 3C0/1h Write At I/O Address 3C0/1h
Index 13h Index 14h
Video bit-4 if AR10 bit7=1

Horizontal Video bit-5 if AR10 bit7=1
Pixel Panning Video bit-6 if not 256-color
Video bit-7 if not 256-color
3-0 Horizontal Pixel Panning 1-0 Video Bits 5-4

These bits select the number of pixels to shift These bits are output as video bits 5 and 4
the display horizontally to the left. Pixel when AR10 bit-7 = 1. They are disabled in
panning is available in both text and graphics the 256 color mode.
modes. In 9 pixel/character text mode, the
output can be shifted a maximum of 9 pixels. 3-2 Video Bits 7-6
In 8 pixel/character text mode and all
graphics modes a maximum shift of 8 pixels These bits are output as video bits 7 and 6 in
is possible. In 256-color mode (output all modes except 256-color mode.
assembler AR10 bit-6 = 1), bit 0 of this
register must be 0 which results in only 4 7-4 Reserved (0)
panning positions per display byte. In Shift
Load 2 and Shift Load 4 modes, register
CR08 provides single pixel resolution for
panning. Panning is controlled as follows:
Number of Pixels Shifted
9-dot 8-dot 256-color
AR13 mode mode mode
0 1 0 0
1 2 1 --
2 3 2 1
3 4 3 --
4 5 4 2
5 6 5 --
6 7 6 3
7 8 7 --
8 0 -- --
7-4 Reserved (0)
Revision 1.2 92 65540 / 545

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COLOR PALETTE COLOR PALETTE

PIXEL MASK REGISTER (DACMASK) STATE REGISTER (DACSTATE)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3C6h Read only at I/O Address 3C7h
Group 6 Protection
Pixel Mask Bit-0 Palette State 0

Pixel Mask Bit-1 Palette State 1
Pixel Mask Bit-2
Pixel Mask Bit-3
Pixel Mask Bit-4
Pixel Mask Bit-5 Reserved(0)
Pixel Mask Bit-6
Pixel Mask Bit-7
The contents of this register are logically ANDed 1-0 Palette State 1-0
with the 8 bits of video data coming into the color Status bits indicate the I/O address of the last
palette. Zero bits in this register therefore cause the CPU write to the Color Palette:
corresponding address input to the color palette to be
zero. For example, if this register is programmed 00 The last write was to 3C8h
with 7, only color palette registers 0-7 would be (write mode)
accessible; video output bits 3-7 would be ignored 11 The last write was to 3C7h
and all color values would map into the lower 8 (read mode)
locations in the color palette.
7-2 Reserved (0)
To allow saving and restoring the state of the video
subsystem, this register is required since the color
palette index register is automatically incremented
differently depending on whether the index is written
at 3C7h or 3C8h.
Revision 1.2 93 65540 / 545

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COLOR PALETTE
READ-MODE INDEX REGISTER (DACRX)
Write only at I/O Address 3C7h
Group 6 Protection
COLOR PALETTE
INDEX REGISTER (DACX)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3C8h
Group 6 Protection
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Color Palette Index 0

COLOR PALETTE register) is used by the palette logic to point at the

DATA REGISTERS (DACDATA 00-FF) current data register. When the index value is
Read/Write at I/O Address 3C9h Index 00h-FFh written to 3C7h (readmode), it is written to both the
Group 6 Protection index register and the save register, then the index
register is automatically incremented. When the
Access
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 index value is written to 3C8h (write mode), the
1st 2nd 3rd automatic incrementing of the index register does not
Red 0 Green 0 Blue 0 occur.
Red 1 Green 1 Blue 1 After the third of the three sequential data reads from
Red 2 Green 2 Blue 2 (or writes to) 3C9h is completed, the save and index
Red 3 Green 3 Blue 3 registers are both automatically incremented by the
Red 4 Green 4 Blue 4 palette logic. This allows the entire palette (or any
Red 5 Green 5 Blue 5 subset) to be read (written) by writing the index of
the first color in the set, then sequentially reading
(writing) the values for each color, without having to
Reserved (0) reload the index every three bytes.
The palette index register is used to point to one of The state of the RGB sequence is not saved; the user
must access each three bytes in an uninterruptible
256 palette data registers. Each data register is 18 sequence (or be assured that interrupt service
bits in length (6 bits each for red, green, and blue), routines will not access the palette index or data
so the data values must be read as a sequence of 3
bytes. After writing the index register (3C7h or registers). When the index register is written (at
3C8h), data values may be read from or written to either port), the RGB sequence is restarted. Data
the color palette data register port (3C9h) in reads and writes may be intermixed; either reads or
sequence: first red, then green, then blue, then writes increment the palette logic's RGB sequence
repeat for the next location if desired (the index is counter.
incremented automatically by the palette logic). The palette's save register always contains a value
one less than the readable index value if the last
The index may be written at 3C7h and may be read index write was to the 'read mode' port. The state is
or written at 3C8h. When the index value is written saved of which port (3C7h or 3C8h) was last
to either port, it is written to both the index register written; that information is returned on reads from
and a 'save' register. The save register (not the index 3C7h.
Revision 1.2 94 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
Extension Registers
Register Register I/O State After

Mnemonic Group Extension Register Name Index Access Address Reset Page
XRX -- Extension Index -- R/W 3D6h - x x x x x x x 97
XR00 Misc Chip Version (65540: v=0; 65545: v=1) 00h RO 3D7h 1101v r r r 97
XR01 Misc Configuration 01h RO 3D7h dddddddd 98
XR02 Misc CPU Interface Control 1 02h R/W 3D7h 00000000 99
XR03 Misc CPU Interface Control 2 03h R/W 3D7h - - - - - - 0x 100
XR04 Misc Memory Control 1 04h R/W 3D7h - - 0 - - 000 101
XR05 Misc Memory Control 2 05h R/W 3D7h 00000000 102
XR06 Misc Palette Control 06h R/W 3D7h 00000000 103
XR0E Misc Text Mode Control 0Eh R/W 3D7h 000000 - - 106
XR28 Misc VideoInterface 28h R/W 3D7h 0000 - - 0 - 117
XR29 Misc Half Line Compare 29h R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 117
XR70 Misc Setup / Disable Control 70h R/W 3D7h 0------- 150
XR72 Misc External Device I/O 72h R/W 3D7h 0000000 • 151
XR73 Misc DPMS Control 73h R/W 3D7h 00 - - 0000 152
XR7D Misc Diagnostic (65545 Only) 7Dh R/W 3D7h 0------- 152
XR7F Misc Diagnostic 7Fh R/W 3D7h 00xxxx00 153
XR07 Mapping I/O Base (65545 Only) 07h R/W 3D7h 11110100 104
XR08 Mapping Linear Addressing Base 08h R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 104
XR0B Mapping CPU Paging 0Bh R/W 3D7h - - 00 •000 105
XR0C Mapping Start Address Top 0Ch R/W 3D7h - - - - - - xx 105
XR10 Mapping Single/Low Map 10h R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 108
XR11 Mapping High Map 11h R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 108
XR0F Software Flags Software Flags 0 0Fh R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 107
XR2B Software Flags Software Flags 1 2Bh R/W 3D7h 00000000 118
XR44 Software Flags Software Flags 2 44h R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 127
XR45 Software Flags Software Flags 3 45h R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 127
XR14 Compatibility Emulation Mode 14h R/W 3D7h 0000hh00 109

XR15 Compatibility Write Protect 15h R/W 3D7h 00000000 110
XR1F Compatibility Virtual EGA Switch 1Fh R/W 3D7h 0 - - - xxxx 115
XR7E Compatibility CGA/Hercules Color Select 7Eh R/W 3D7h - - xxxxxx 153
XR30 Clock Clock Divide Control 30h R/W 3D7h • • • •xx xx 121
XR31 Clock Clock M-Divisor 31h R/W 3D7h •x xxxx xx 122
XR32 Clock Clock N-Divisor 32h R/W 3D7h •x xxxx xx 122
XR33 Clock Clock Control 33h R/W 3D7h 00 00 •0 00 123
XR3A MultiMedia Color Key 0 3Ah R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 124

XR3B MultiMedia Color Key 1 3Bh R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 124
XR3C MultiMedia Color Key 2 3Ch R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 125
XR3D MultiMedia Color Key Mask 0 3Dh R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 125
XR3E MultiMedia Color Key Mask 1 3Eh R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 126
XR3F MultiMedia Color Key Mask 2 3Fh R/W 3D7h xxxxxxxx 126
XR40 BitBLT BitBLT Configuration (65545 Only) 40h R/W 3D7h - - - - - - xx 127
h = Read-only Hercules Configuration Register Readback bits 0/1 = Reset to 0 or 1 by trailing edge of reset
Revision 1.2 95 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
Extension Registers (Continued)
Register Register I/O State After

Mnemonic Group Extension Register Name Index Access Address Reset Page
XR0D Alternate Auxiliary Offset 0Dh R/W 3D7h - - - - - - x x 106
XR16 Alternate Vertical Overflow 16h R/W 3D7h • 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 111
XR17 Alternate Horizontal Overflow 17h R/W 3D7h • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111
XR18 Alternate Alternate Horizontal Display End 18h R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 112
XR19 Alternate Alternate Horizontal Sync Start 19h R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 112
XR1A Alternate Alternate Horizontal Sync End 1Ah R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 113
XR1B Alternate Alternate Horizontal Total 1Bh R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 113
XR1C Alternate Alternate H Blank Start / H Panel Size 1Ch R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 114
XR1D Alternate Alternate Horizontal Blank End 1Dh R/W 3D7h 0 x x x x x x x 114
XR1E Alternate Alternate Offset 1Eh R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 115
XR24 Alternate Alternate Maximum Scan Line 24h R/W 3D7h • • • x x x x x 116
XR25 Alternate Alternate Text Mode / H Virtual Panel Size 25h R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 116
XR26 Alternate Alternate Horizontal Sync Start Register 26h R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 116
XR64 Alternate Alternate Vertical Total 64h R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 145
XR65 Alternate Alternate Overflow 65h R/W 3D7h x x x • • x x x 145
XR66 Alternate Alternate Vertical Sync Start 66h R/W 3D7h x x x x x x x x 146
XR67 Alternate Alternate Vertical Sync End 67h R/W 3D7h • • • • x x x x 146
XR2C Flat Panel FLM Delay 2Ch R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 118
XR2D Flat Panel LP Delay (Comp Enabled) 2Dh R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 119
XR2E Flat Panel LP Delay (Comp Disabled) 2Eh R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 119
XR2F Flat Panel LP Width 2Fh R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 120
XR4F Flat Panel Panel Format 2 4Fh R/W 3D7h xx • • •x xx 128
XR50 Flat Panel Panel Format 1 50h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 129
XR51 Flat Panel Display Type 51h R/W 3D7h 00 0 •00 00 130
XR52 Flat Panel Power Down Control 52h R/W 3D7h 00 0000 01 131
XR53 Flat Panel Panel Format 3 53h R/W 3D7h •0 0000 x0 132
XR54 Flat Panel PanelInterface 54h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 133
XR55 Flat Panel Horizontal Compensation 55h R/W 3D7h xx x • •x xx 134
XR56 Flat Panel Horizontal Centering 56h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 135
XR57 Flat Panel Vertical Compensation 57h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 136
XR58 Flat Panel Vertical Centering 58h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 137
XR59 Flat Panel Vertical Line Insertion 59h R/W 3D7h xx x •xx xx 137
XR5A Flat Panel Vertical Line Replication 5Ah R/W 3D7h • • • •xx xx 138
XR5B Flat Panel Panel Power Sequencing Delay 5Bh R/W 3D7h 10 0000 01 138
XR5C Flat Panel Activity Indicator Control 5Ch R/W 3D7h 0x •xxx xx 139
XR5D Flat Panel FP Diagnostic 5Dh R/W 3D7h 00 0000 00 140
XR5E Flat Panel M (ACDCLK) Control 5Eh R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 141
XR5F Flat Panel Power Down Mode Refresh 5Fh R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 141
XR60 Flat Panel Blink Rate Control 60h R/W 3D7h 10 0000 11 142
XR61 Flat Panel SmartMap™ Control 61h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 143
XR62 Flat Panel SmartMap™ Shift Parameter 62h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 144
XR63 Flat Panel SmartMap™ Color Mapping Control 63h R/W 3D7h x1 xxxx xx 144
XR68 Flat Panel Vertical Panel Size 68h R/W 3D7h xx xxxx xx 147
XR6C Flat Panel Programmable Output Drive 6Ch R/W 3D7h • • 0000 d• 147
XR6E Flat Panel Polynomial FRC Control 6Eh R/W 3D7h 10 1111 01 148
XR6F Flat Panel Frame Buffer Control 6Fh R/W 3D7h 00 0000 00 149
h = Read-only Hercules Configuration Register Readback bits 0/1 = Reset to 0 or 1 by trailing edge of reset
Revision 1.2 96 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
EXTENSION INDEX REGISTER (XRX) CHIPS VERSION REGISTER (XR00)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D6h Read only at I/O Address 3D7h
Index 00h
Chip Revision
Index to
Extension Registers - 0=65540, 1=65545
Chip Type (1101)

Reserved(0)
6-0 Index value used to access the extension 7-0 Chip Version - 65540 Chip Versions start at
registers D0h and are incremented for every silicon
step. 65545 Chip Versions start at D8h and
7 Reserved (0) are incremented for every silicon step.
Revision 1.2 97 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
CONFIGURATION REGISTER (XR01) 5 CFG5 - Oscillator Source Select

Read only at I/O Address 3D7h 0 External Oscillator drives XTALI (pin
Index 01h 203)
1 Internal Oscillator (series resonant
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 crystal connected to XTALI and
XTALO)
CFG0 / LB#: Bus Type
CFG1 / ISA#: Bus Type 6 CFG 6 - A26-A27 Enable
CFG2 / 2X#: Bus Type 0 Pin 53 is A26 (ignore for ISA & PCI)
CFG3: Reserved Pin 54 is A27 (ignore for ISA & PCI)
CFG4: Reserved (do not use) 1 Pin 53 is ACTI
CFG5 / OS#: Osc Src Select Pin 54 is ENABKL
CFG6 / AD#: A26-27 Ena
7 CFG7 - Internal Clock Test Mode
CFG7 / TS#: Clk Test Ena
0 Enable internal clock test mode.
These bits latch the state of memory address bus A Output MCLK on pin-30 (A25) and
(AA bus) bits 0-7 on the rising edge of RESET#. VCLK on pin 29 (A24)
The state of bits 0-7 after RESET# effect chip in- 1 Normal operation: ROMCS#
ternal logic as indicated below. During RESET#, generated in ISA bus mode
internal pullups are enabled for AA[7:0] and hence
the status of these bits will be high if no external
pull-down resistors are present on these pins.
This register is not related to the Virtual EGA
Switch register (XR1F).
2-0 CFG2:0 - CPU Bus Type
2 1 0
2X# ISA# LB# Bus Type
L L L Reserved
L L H Reserved
L H L Reserved
L H H CPU Direct (2x LCLK)
(pin-23=CRESET)
H L L Reserved
H L H ISA Bus
H H L PCI Bus (65545 only)
H H H VL-Bus (1x clk)
(pin-23=RDYRTN#)
3 CFG3 - Reserved
The pin corresponding to this bit has no
internal hardware function so may be used
for sampling external conditions at reset.
4 CFG4 - Reserved
The pin corresponding to this bit must be
sampled high on reset so this bit will always
read back 1.
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Extension Registers
CPU INTERFACE CTRL REGISTER 1 (XR02)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h
Index 02h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Enable 16-bit Mem Access

Digital Monitor Mode
Sim Disp CRT H Timing
Mapping
10-bit I/O Address Decode
83C6-83C9 Palette Decode
Attribute FF Status (R/O)
0 8/16-bit CPU Memory Access

0 8-bit CPU memory access (default)
1 16-bit CPU memory access
1 Digital Monitor Clock Mode
0 Normal (clk 0-1=25,28 MHz)
(default)
1 Digital Monitor (clk 0-1=14,16MHz)
14MHz = 56MHz ÷ 4 or 28MHz ÷ 2
16MHz = 50MHz ÷ 3
2 SimultaneousDisplayCRTHTimingSelect
0 Use XR19,1A,1B for H parameters
1 Use CR04,05,00 for H parameters
4-3 AttributeControllerMapping
00 Write Index and Data at 3C0h. (8-bit
access only) (default - VGA mapping)
01 Write Index at 3C0h and Data at 3C1h
(8-bit or 16-bit access). Attribute flip-
flop (bit-7) is always reset in this
mode (16-bit mapping)
10 Write Index and Data at 3C0h/3C1h
(8-bit access only) (EGA mapping)
11 Reserved
5 I/O Address Decoding
0 Decode all 16 bits of I/O address
(default)
1 Decode only lower 10 bits of I/O
address. This affects addresses 3B4-
3B5h, 3B8h, 3BAh, 3BFh, 3C0-
3C2h, 3C4-3C5h, 3CE-3CFh, 3D4-
3D5h, and 3D8-3DAh.
6 Palette Address Decoding
0 External palette registers can be
accessed only at 3C6h-3C9h (default)
1 External palette regs can be accessed at
3C6h-3C9h & 83C6h-83C9h
7 Attribute Flip-Flop Status (read only)
0 = Index, 1 = Data
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Extension Registers
CPU INTERFACE CTRL REGISTER 2 (XR03) This bit may be set to 0 to effectively create a
Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h CPU-transparent delay, however this is not
Index 03h compatible with some systems: some
systems ignore RDY for palette accesses, so
for those systems, this bit must be set to 1.
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
5 Diagnostic ( R/W but should be set to 0 )
Palette Write Shadow
DR Access Ena (545 only) 7-6 Reserved (0)
Reserved(0)
Palette RDY Response
Diagnostic (Set to 0)
Reserved(0)
0 Palette Write Shadow

0 Chip responds normally to Palette
Write accesses (LDEV# is returned for
VL-Bus and DEVSEL# is returned for
PCI bus)
1 Palette write commands are executed
internally but the chip does not
respond externally (LDEV# is not
returned for VL-Bus and DEVSEL# is
not returned for PCI bus). This
conforms to both VL-Bus and PCI
bus "Palette Shadowing" requirements
as it forces the access to be passed on
to the ISA bus where add-in cards
may be shadowing the VGA color
palette data. This bit should normally
be set to 1.
1 DR Register Access Enable

0 32-Bit DRxx register access Disabled
(Default)
1 DRxx registers accessible at I/O port
defined by XR07.
3-2 Reserved (0)
4 ISA Bus Palette Access RDY Response

0 Hold off the CPU using RDY for
palette accesses (read or write to 3C6-
3C9h).
1 Do not hold off the CPU using RDY
for palette accesses (read or write to
3C6-3C9h)
The internal RAMDAC has a minimum
specification for time between accesses. A
faster CPU is more likely to violate this
specification, so it is normally required to
add delay between accesses in software.
Revision 1.2 100 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
MEMORY CONTROL REGISTER 1 (XR04) DRAMs as 1MB of display memory and set
Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h to 01 to use DRAM A as 512KB of display
Index 04h memory and DRAM C as an external frame
buffer).
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
2 Memory Wraparound Control
Memory Configuration This bit enables bits 16-17 of the CRT
Controller address counter (default = 0 on
Memory Wraparound Ctrl reset).
0 Disable CRTC addr counter bits 16-17
Reserved(0) 1 Enable CRTC addr counter bits 16-17
Write Buffer Enable
4-3 Reserved (0)
Reserved(0)
5 CPU Memory Write Buffer
1-0 Memory Configuration 0 Disable CPU memory write buffer
(default)
00 32-bit memory data path. Memory 1 Enable CPU memory write buffer
data bus is on MAD15-0 & MBD15-0
(DRAMs A and B). If frame acceler- 7-6 Reserved (0)
ation is enabled and embedded frame
buffer is selected, the data will be
stored in both DRAMs A and B. An
external frame buffer can be enabled
on DRAM C with this setting.
01 16-bit data path (DRAM A only).
The memory data bus is on MAD15-0.
If frame acceleration is enabled and
embedded frame buffer is selected, the
data will be restricted to storage in
DRAM A only. An external frame
buffer can be enabled on DRAM C
with this setting.
10 32-bit memory data path. Memory
data bus is on MAD15-0 & MCD15-0
(DRAMs A & C). DRAM C cannot
be used as an external frame buffer
with this setting, but programming can
select between this setting and '01' to
switch the function of DRAM C
between use as display memory and
use as an external frame buffer.
11 Reserved
DRAM A must always be present and if that

is the only DRAM present, setting 01 must
be used. DRAM B may optionally be
present and if it is, setting 00 may be used
(either 00 or 01 may be programmed with
DRAMs A & B physically present). If all
three DRAMs are present, setting 00 would
normally be used (00, 01, and 10 are all
allowable). Setting 10 would be used where
only two DRAMs (A and C) are physically
present (this field is set to 10 to use both
Revision 1.2 101 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
MEMORY CONTROL REGISTER 2 (XR05) 4 CAS# / WE# Select for DRAMs A & B
Index 05h 0 2-CAS# / 1-WE# 256Kx16 DRAM
configuration is used (default)
1 1 CAS# and 2 WE# 256Kx16 DRAM
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 configuration is used
Disable Long CPU Cycles 5 CAS# / WE# Select for DRAM C
CPU Access CAS# Ctrl
This bit is effective when XR6F[7]=1.
Display Access CAS# Ctrl
DRAM CAS# Address 0 2 CAS# and 1 WE# configuration
Memory CAS/WE Select 256Kx16 DRAM is used (default)
Frame Buffr CAS/WE Slct
1 1 CAS# and 2 WE# configuration
256Kx16 DRAM is used
PC Video Interface Enable
PC Video Interface Width 6 PC Video Interface Enable
0 Disable Long CPU Cycles 0 Disable PC Video Interface (default)

1 Enable PC Video interface on DRAM
0 Enable long CPU cycles (default on 'C' pins (MCD15-0, RASC#,
RESET). This puts as many CPU CASCH#, CASCL#, and WEC#). If
cycles as possible into one RAS cycle. bit-7 of this register is set to 1, OEC#,
1 Disable long CPU cycles. AA9, ACTI, ENABKL, and CA8-9
also serve as PC Video Interface pins.
1 CPU-Mem Access CAS# Cycle Ctrl (545) An external frame buffer cannot be
2 Display Mem Access CAS# Cycle Ctrl (545) used in this configuration.
Bit-1 affects accesses to display memory 7 PC Video Interface Control
initiated by the 65545 for display refresh.
Bit-2 affects CPU accesses to display 0 18-bit PC Video interface
memory in the 65545. Both bits are defined 1 24-bit PC Video interface
as follows:
0 3-MCLK CAS# cycle (2 low, 1 high) Note: When this bit is set to 1, AA9,
for all read or write accesses (default) ENABKL, ACTI pins are used for video
1 4-MCLK CAS# cycle (3 low, 1 high) inputs therefore they lose their alternate
for all read accesses and for the first functions. When this bit is set to 1, a 24-bit
CAS# cycle of page-mode write panel interface is also available (CA0-7
accesses (following cycles are 2L/1H) become P16-23). This bit should not be set
to 1 if the AD# (A26-27 enable) or EC#
These bits may be set to create looser (external clock) configuration bits are
memory timing (e.g., for 3.3V operation, to asserted low at reset (since this enables
allow use of cheaper DRAMs, etc.). 4- ACTI and ENABKL to perform alternate
MCLK CAS cycles are not supported in the functions).
65540.
3 Asymmetric Address for DRAMs A & B

0 Symmetric 256Kx16 DRAM is used
(9-bit RAS/CAS addresses) (default)
1 Asymmetric 256Kx16 DRAM is used
(10-bit RAS/8-bit CAS address)
Asymmetric address DRAMs should not be
used (and this bit should not be set to one) if
AA9 is used as a 32KHz clock input (see
XR33 bit-6) or if 24-bit PC-Video interface
is enabled (see bit-7 of this register). See
also XR6F bit-2 (address symmetry control
for DRAM C).
Revision 1.2 102 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
PALETTE CONTROL REGISTER (XR06) 5 Bypass Internal VGA Palette

Index 06h 0 Use internal VGA palette (Default on
reset).
1 Bypass internal VGA palette which
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 will be powered down if DAC is
disabled.
Pixel Out Diagnostic Mode
Internal DAC Disable
7-6 Color Reduction Select
These bits are effective in flat panel mode.
Display Mode Color Depth These bits select the algorithm used to
PC Video Color Key Enble reduce 24-bit or 18-bit color data to 8-bit or
Bypass Internal Palette
6-bit color data for monochrome panels.
00 NTSC weighting algorithm (default on
FP Color Reduction Select reset)
01 Equivalent weighting algorithm
0 Pixel Data Pin Diagnostic Output Mode 10 Green only
11 Color (no reduction). This setting
0 Normal operation. Pixel data (P15:0) should be used when driving color
pins output flat panel pixel data panels.
(default on Reset).
1 Output CRT pixel data on pixel data
pins P0-7 and output various internal
signals on pixel data pins P8-15 for
diagnostic purposes.
1 Internal DAC Disable
This bit affects the DAC analog outputs.
0 Enable internal DAC (default on
Reset). DAC analog outputs (R, G,
B) will be active and HSYNC and
VSYNC signals are driven (Default on
reset).
1 Disable internal DAC. The DAC
analog outputs (R, G, B) will be 3-
stated. Setting this bit forces power
down of the internal DAC. HSYNC
and VSYNC are forced inactive if
XR5D[6] is 0 and will be driven if
XR5D[6] is 1.
3-2 Display Mode Color Depth
00 4 or 8 bits-per-pixel (default on reset)
01 16 bpp (5-5-5) (Targa compatible)
10 24 bpp (true color)
11 16 bpp (5-6-5) (XGA compatible)
4 PC Video Color Key Enable
0 Disable PC Video Overlay (default on
reset)
1 Enable PC Video Overlay on color key
Revision 1.2 103 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
I/O BASE REGISTER (XR07) LINEARADDRESSINGBASEREGISTER(XR08)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h Read/Write at I/O Address 3B7h/3D7h
Index 07h Index 08h
I/O Base for 32-Bit Regs

(65545 only) Linear Address Base
7–0 I/O Base for 32-Bit Registers (65545 only) 7-0 Linear Address Base
In ISA and VL-Bus configuration, these bits In VL-Bus configuration, if linear
determine the I/O range for the Doubleword addressing is enabled (XR0B[4]=1), these 8
Hardware Cursor & BitBLT registers bits are compared to A[27:20] to determine
(DRxx). The value programmed here is the base address of the 1MB of display
matched against CPU addresses A15 & A8- memory in the 256MB VL-Bus address
2. Address A9 must equal 1 and A14-10 space (normally the VL address space is
select one of 32 DR registers. For example, 4GB, but only 28 bits of address are de-
a programmed value of 074h (011101 00b) coded by the chip). For example, if the
would result in this DR register mapping: video memory is to be placed at 12MB
DRxx: nxxx xx1n nnnn nn00b (0C00000-0CFFFFFh), this register should
DR00: 03D0h = 0000 0011 1101 0000b be programmed to '00001100b'. Note that
DR01: 07D0h = 0000 0111 1101 0000b as a result, programming this register to 0 is
DR02: 0BD0h = 0000 1011 1101 0000b typically not useful.
DR03: 0FD0h = 0000 1111 1101 0000b
DR04: 13D0h = 0001 0011 1101 0000b If A26-27 are not available (used for ACTI
DR05: 17D0h = 0001 0111 1101 0000b and ENABKL if Configuration Register
DR06: 1BD0h = 0001 1011 1101 0000b XR01 bit-6 = 1) then bits 6-7 of this register
DR07: 1FD0h = 0001 1111 1101 0000b are ignored and only A20-25 are compared
DR08: 23D0h = 0010 0011 1101 0000b against bits 0-5 of this register to determine
DR09: 27D0h = 0010 0111 1101 0000b the base address for the linear frame buffer
DR0A: 2BD0h = 0010 1011 1101 0000b in the VL-Bus / 486 CPU memory space.
DR0B: 2FD0h = 0010 1111 1101 0000b Similarly, if A25 and/or A24 are not
DR0C: 33D0h = 0011 0011 1101 0000b available (see configuration bits 3, 4, and 7),
The DRxx registers are enabled for access bits 5 and/or 4 are also ignored. In ISA bus
by setting XR03[1]. They are disabled configuration, address inputs A24-27 are
following Reset. The programmer should never available, so bits 4-7 of this register
write this register before enabling access to are ignored and A20-23 are compared
the DRxx registers. against bits 0-3 of this register to determine
the base address for the linear frame buffer
In PCI bus configuration, this register is in the 16MB ISA memory space.
ignored. The PCI Configuration IOBASE
register is used to determine the base address In PCI bus configuration, this register is
for the 32-bit registers in the PCI I/O space. ignored. The PCI Configuration MBASE
Note that for PCI bus configuration only, register is used to determine the base address
the 32-bit registers may also be memory for the linear frame buffer in the 4GB (full
mapped: MBASE defines a 2MB memory 32-bit address) PCI memory address space.
space with frame buffer memory mapped
into the lower megabyte and the 32-bit
registers mapped into the upper megabyte.
Revision 1.2 104 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
CPU PAGING REGISTER (XR0B) 4 Linear Addressing Enable

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h 0 Standard VGA (A0000 - BFFFF)
Index 0Bh memory space decoded on-chip using
A17-19 (default on Reset)
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 Linear Addressing Enabled. See
XR08 (Linear Addressing Base) for
Memory Mapping Mode base address selection. Ignored in
Single/Dual Map PCI bus configuration (see DEVCTL).
CPU Address Divide by 4
7-5 Reserved (0)
Extended Text Mode (545)
Linear Addressing Enable
Reserved(0)
0 Memory Mapping Mode START ADDRESS TOP REGISTER (XR0C)

0 Normal Mode (VGA compatible) Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h
(default on Reset) Index 0Ch
1 Extended Mode (mapping for > 256
KByte memory configurations) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 CPU Single/Dual Mapping Start Address Top
0 CPU uses only a single map to access
the extended video memory space
(default on Reset)
1 CPU uses two maps to access the Reserved(0)
extended video memory space. The
base addresses for the two maps are
defined in the Low Map Register
(XR10) and High Map Register
(XR11).
2 CPU Address Divide by 4 1-0 Start Address Top
0 Disable divide by 4 for CPU These bits defines the high order bits for the
addresses (default on Reset) Display Start Address when 512 KBytes or
1 Enable divide by 4 for CPU more of memory is used (see XR04 bits
addresses. This allows the video 1–0).
memory to be accessed sequentially in
mode 13. In addition, all video 7-2 Reserved (0)
memory is available in mode 13 by
setting this bit.
3 Extended Text Mode ( 65545 only )
Set to enable text font 'scrambling' in plane
2. Setting this bit improves text mode
performance in single-DRAM configurations
(with the proper BIOS support for font
load/reload functions). This bit should be
set in single DRAM configurations only.
This bit is supported in the 65545 only; it
should be programmed to 0 in the 65540.
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Extension Registers
AUXILIARY OFFSET REGISTER (XR0D) TEXT MODE CONTROL REGISTER (XR0E)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h
Index 0Dh Index 0Eh
LSB of Offset (CR13) Reserved(0)

LSB of Alt Offset (XR1E)
Cursor Blink Disable
Cursor Style
Reserved(0) Alt Cursor Start (65545)
Sync Reset Ignore
0 Offset Register LSB This register is effective for both CRT and flat panel
text modes.
This bit provides finer granularity to the
display memory address offset when word 1-0 Reserved (0)
and doubleword modes are used. This bit is
used with the regular Offset register (CR13). 2 Cursor Mode
1 Alternate Offset Register LSB 0 Blinking (default on Reset).
1 Non-blinking
This bit provides finer granularity to the
display memory address offset when word 3 Cursor Style
and doubleword modes are used. This bit is 0 Replace (default on Reset)
used with the Alternate Offset register 1 Exclusive-Or
(XR1E).
6-4 Alternate Cursor Start (65545 Only)
7-2 Reserved (0)
When the alternate CRTC registers are
active, this field may be set to specify the
Cursor Start Scan Line instead of CR0A bits
0-4 (this field specifies alternate bits 0-2
with bits 3-4 assumed to be 0).
VGA software typically changes the shape
of the cursor frequently between underline
and block styles. This field allows the
cursor style to be fixed (typically to 'block'
for improved readability on panels).
7 Synchronous Reset Ignore
When this bit is set, the chip will ignore
SR00 bit-1 (Synchronous Reset) and will
remain in normal operation. Synchronous
reset is a holdover from the original VGA
which is no longer required. VGA
software, however, performs synchronous
resets frequently, creating the possibility for
display memory corruption if the chip is left
in the synchronous reset state for too long.
The 65540 / 545 display memory sequencer
does not need to be periodically reset, so this
bit is provided to prevent potential display
memory corruption problems. For absolute
VGA compatibility, this bit may be set to 0.
Revision 1.2 106 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
SOFTWARE FLAGS REGISTER 0 (XR0F)

Index 0Fh
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Memory Size
Reserved(0)
Hi / True Color Select

Packed Pixel Dot Clock
Interlace Select
Text Compensation Enable
This register contains eight read-write bits which

have no internal hardware function. All bits are
reserved for use by BIOS and driver software. For
reference, the functions of the bits of this register are
currently defined as follows:
1-0 Memory Size
00 256KB
01 512KB
1x 1MB
2-3 Reserved (0)
4 Hi Color / True Color
0 Current mode is not hi-/true-color
mode
1 Current mode is hi-color / true-color
mode
5 Packed-Pixel Mode Dot Clock
0 Use default dot clock in packed-pixel
modes
1 Use 40MHz dot clock in packed-pixel
modes
This bit is used for high resolution panels in
panel mode only.
6 Interlace Select
0 Set mode 24h, 34h, 72h/75h or 7Eh
interlaced
1 Set mode 24h, 34h, 72h/75h or 7Eh
non-interlaced
7 Text Compensation Enable / Disable
0 Tall font disabled
1 Tall font enabled
See also XR2B, XR44, XR45 for definition of other

software flags registers.
Revision 1.2 107 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
SINGLE/LOW MAP REGISTER (XR10) HIGH MAP REGISTER (XR11)

Index 10h Index 11h
Single or Lower Map Higher Map

Base Address Bits 17-10 Base Address Bits 17-10
This register effects CPU memory address mapping. This register effects CPU memory address mapping.
7-0 Single / Low Map Base Address Bits 17-10 7-0 High Map Base Address Bits 17-10
These bits define the base address in single These bits define the Higher Map base
map mode (XR0B bit-1 = 0), or the lower address in dual map modes (XR0B bit-1=1).
map base address in dual map mode (XR0B The memory map starts on a 1K boundary in
bit-1 = 1). The memory map starts on a 1K planar modes and on a 4K boundary in
boundary in planar modes and on a 4K packed pixel modes. This register controls
boundary in packed pixel modes. In case of the CPU window into display memory
dual mapping, this register controls the CPU based on the contents of GR06 bits 3-2 as
window into display memory based on the follows:
contents of GR06 bits 3-2 as follows:
GR06 bits 3-2 High Map
GR06 00 B0000-BFFFF
Bits 3-2 Low Map 01 A8000-AFFFF
00 A0000-AFFFF 10 Don't care
01 A0000-A7FFF 11 Don't care
10 B0000-B7FFF Single mapping only
11 B8000-BFFFF Single mapping only
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Extension Registers
EMULATION MODE REGISTER (XR14) 6 VSync Status Mode

Index 14h 0 Prevent VSync status from appearing
at bit 7 of Input Status Register 1 (I/O
Address 3BAh/3DAh). Normally
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 used for CGA, EGA, and VGA
modes.
Emulation Mode 1 Enable VSync status to appear as bit-7
of Input Status Register 1 (I/O
Herc Config (read only) Address 3BAh/3DAh). Normally
used for MDA/Hercules mode.
DE Status Mode
7 Interrupt Output Function
V Retrace Status Mode
VSync Status Mode This bit controls the function of the interrupt
Interrupt Polarity
output pin (IRQ):
Interrupt State Bit-7=0 Bit-7=1

1-0 Emulation Mode Disabled 3-state 3-state
00 VGA mode (default on Reset) Enabled, Inactive 3-state Low
01 CGA mode Enabled, Active 3-state High
10 MDA/Herculesmode
11 EGA mode
3-2 Hercules Configuration Register (3BFh)
readback (read only)
4 Display Enable Status Mode
0 Select Display Enable status to appear
at bit 0 of Input Status register 1 (I/O
Address 3BAh/3DAh) (default on
reset). Normally used for CGA,
EGA, and VGA modes.
1 Select HSync status to appear at bit 0
of Input Status register 1 (I/O Address
3BAh/3DAh). Normally used for
MDA / Hercules mode.
5 Vertical Retrace Status Mode
0 Select VerticalRetrace status to appear
at bit 3 of Input Status register 1 (I/O
Address 3BAh/3DAh) (default on
Reset). Normally used for CGA,
EGA, and VGA modes.
1 Select Video to appear at bit 3 of Input
Status register 1 (I/O Address
3BAh/3DAh). Normally used for
MDA / Hercules mode.
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Extension Registers
WRITE PROTECT REGISTER (XR15) 6 Write Protect Group 0 Registers

Index 15h This bit affects CR0-7 (except CR07 bit-4).
This bit is logically ORed with CR11 bit-7.
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
7 Write Protect AR11
This bit is ORed with bit-0, therefore writing
Wr Protect Group 1 Regs to AR11 is possible only if both bit-0 and
Wr Protect Group 2 Regs bit-7 are 0. This feature is used for write
Wr Protect Group 3 Regs protection of the overscan color. This is
Wr Protect Group 4 Regs important in order to keep application
Wr Protect Group 5 Regs software from changing the border color
Wr Protect Group 6 Regs
while still permitting the attribute controller
to be changed for the addressable portion of
Wr Protect Group 0 Regs the display. Overscan is increasingly
Wr Protect AR11 becoming an ergonomics requirement and
this bit will ensure software compatibility.
This register controls write protection for various
groups of registers as shown. 0 = unprotected
(default on Reset), 1= protected.
0 Write Protect Group 1 Registers
This bit affects the Sequencer registers
(SR00-04), Graphics Controller registers
(GR00-08), and Attribute Controller
registers (AR00-14).
Note that AR11 is also protected by bit-7
which is ORed with this bit.
This bit affects CR09 bits 0-4, CR0A, and
CR0B.
This bit affects CR07 bit-4, CR08, CR11
bits 5-4, CR13, CR14, CR17 bits 0-1 and
bits 3-7, and CR18.
This bit affects CR09 bits 5-7, CR10, CR11
bits 0-3 and bits 6-7, CR12, CR15, CR16,
and CR17 bit-2.
This bit affects the Miscellaneous Output
register (3C2h) and the Feature Control
register (3BAh/3DAh).
This bit affects the VGA color palette
registers (3C6h-3C9h). If this bit is set, all
VGA color palette registers are write
protected.
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Extension Registers
VERTICAL OVERFLOW REGISTER (XR16) HORIZONTALOVERFLOWREGISTER(XR17)

Index 16h Index 17h
Vertical Total Bit 10 Horizontal Total Bit 8

Vertical Display End Bit 10 Horizontal Disp End Bit 8
Vertical Sync Start Bit 10 Horizontal Sync Start Bit 8
Reserved(R/W) Horizontal Sync End Bit 5
Vertical Blank Start Bit 10 Horizontal Blank Strt Bit 8
Reserved(R/W) Horizontal Blank End Bit 6
Line Compare Bit 10 Line Compare Bit 10
Reserved(R/W) Reserved(R/W)
This register is used for both normal and alternate This register is used for both normal and alternate
vertical parameters. horizontal parameters.
0 Vertical Total Bit-10 0 Horizontal Total Bit-8
1 Vertical Display End Bit-10 1 Horizontal Display End Bit-8
2 Vertical Sync Start Bit-10 2 Horizontal Sync Start Bit-8
3 Reserved (R/W) 3 Horizontal Sync End Bit-5
4 Vertical Blank Start Bit-10 4 Horizontal Blank Start Bit-8
5 Reserved (R/W) 5 Horizontal Blank End Bit-6
6 Line Compare Bit-10 6 Line Compare Bit-10
7 Reserved (R/W) 7 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
ALTERNATEHORIZONTAL ALTERNATE HORIZONTAL SYNC START

DISPLAY END REGISTER (XR18) REGISTER (XR19)
Index 18h Index 19h
Alternate H Display End FP HSync Start
This register is used in flat panel and CRT CGA text This register is used in all flat panel modes with
and graphics modes, and Hercules graphics mode. horizontal compression disabled, to set the horizontal
sync start. This register is also used in CRT CGA
7-0 Alternate Horizontal Display End text and graphics modes, and Hercules graphics
mode.
This register specifies the number of
characters displayed per scan line, similar to 7-0 Alternate Horizontal Sync Start
CR01.
These bits specify the beginning of the
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1 HSync in terms of character clocks from the
beginning of the display scan. Similar to
Note: This register is used in emulation modes only. CR04.
It is not used in CRT or flat panel VGA
modes. Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1
Revision 1.2 112 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
ALTERNATE HORIZONTAL SYNC END ALTERNATEHORIZONTALTOTALREGISTER

REGISTER (XR1A) (XR1B)
Index 1Ah Index 1Bh
FP H Sync End
FP H Total
Alternate H Sync Delay

Reserved(0)
This register is used in all flat panel modes with This register is used in all flat panel modes with
horizontal compression disabled, CRT CGA text and horizontal compression disabled, CRT CGA text and
graphics modes, and Hercules graphics mode. graphics modes, and Hercules graphics mode.
4-0 Alternate Horizontal Sync End 7-0 Alternate Horizontal Total
Lower 5 bits of the character clock count This register contents are the total number of
which specifies the end of horizontal sync. character clocks per line. Similar to CR00.
Similar to CR05. If the horizontal sync
width desired is N clocks, then programmed Programmed Value = Actual Value – 5
value is:
(N + Contents of XR19) ANDed with 01F Hex
6-5 CRT Alternate Horizontal Sync Delay
See CR05 for description
7 Reserved (0)
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Extension Registers
ALTERNATE HORIZONTAL BLANK START / ALTERNATE HORIZONTAL BLANK END

HORIZONTAL PANEL SIZE REGISTER(XR1C) REGISTER (XR1D)
Index 1Ch Index 1Dh
H Blank End
H Blank Start
(Horizontal Panel Size)
DE Skew Control
Split Screen Enhance
The value in this register is the Horizontal Panel Size Bits 0-6 of this register are used in CRT CGA text
in all Flat Panel Modes. In CRT mode, it is used for and graphics modes and CRT Hercules graphics
CGA text and graphics and Hercules graphics mode. Bit 7 of this register is used for all CRT and
modes. flat panel modes.
7-0 FP Horizontal Panel Size 4-0 CRT Alternate Horizontal Blank Start
Horizontal panel size is programmed in See CR03 for description
terms of number of 8-bit (graphics/text) or
9-bit (text) characters. For double drive flat 6-5 CRTAlternateDisplayEnableSkewControl
panels the actual horizontal panel size must See CR03 for description
be a multiple of two character clocks.
7 Line Compare Fix
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1
This bit affects all CRT and FP text modes.
or This bit is 0 on reset.
7-0 CRT Alternate Horizontal Blank Start 0 Internal Line Compare (split screen)
See CR02 for description flag is not delayed so that the Vertical
Row Counter is reset too early which
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1 in text mode causes the first scanline
of the first character row following
split screen to be skipped (not dis-
played). This is IBM VGA com-
patible.
1 Internal Line Compare (split screen)
flag is delayed so that the Vertical
Row Counter is reset properly which
in text mode causes the first scanline
of the first character row following
split screen to be displayed.
Note: This register is used in emulation modes only.

It is not used in CRT or flat panel VGA
modes.
Revision 1.2 114 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
ALTERNATE OFFSET REGISTER (XR1E) VIRTUAL EGA SWITCH REGISTER (XR1F)

Index 1Eh Index 1Fh
Virtual EGA Switches

Alternate
Display Buffer
Width
Reserved(0)
Sense Select
This register is used in all flat panel modes, CRT 3-0 Virtual Switch Register
CGA text and graphics modes and Hercules graphics
mode. If bit-7 is '1', then one of these four bits is
read back in Input Status Register 0 (3C2h)
7-0 Alternate Offset bit 4. The selected bit is determined by
Miscellaneous Output Register (3C2h) bits
See CR13 for description 3-2 as follows:
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1 Misc 3-2 XR1F Bit Selected
00 bit-3
01 bit-2
10 bit-1
11 bit-0
6-4 Reserved (0)
7 Sense Select
0 Select the output of the internal RGB
comparator (Sense) for readback in
Input Status Register 0 bit-4 (default
on Reset).
1 Select one of bits 3-0 for readback in
Input Status Register 0 bit-4.
Revision 1.2 115 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
ALTERNATE MAXIMUM ALTERNATE HORIZONTAL SYNC START

SCANLINE REGISTER (XR24) OFFSET REGISTER (XR26)
Index 24h Index 26h
Alternate Max Scanlines
Alt H Sync Start Offset
Reserved(R/W)
This register is used in flat panel text mode when This register is used in flat panel mode.
TallFont is enabled during vertical compensation.
7-0 Horizontal Sync Start Offset
4-0 Alternate Maximum Scanlines (AMS)
This value is added to CR04 ( Horizontal
Programmed Value = number of scanlines Sync Start) when XR02 bit 2 is set to '1'.
minus one per character row of TallFont
Double scanned lines, inserted lines, and
replicated lines are not counted.
7-5 Reserved (R/W)
ALTERNATE TEXT MODE / HORIZONTAL

VIRTUAL PANEL SIZE REGISTER (XR25)
Index 25h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
AltText Mode
H Virtual Panel Size
This register is used in flat panel 9-dot text modes.

7-0 Alternate Text Mode
Horizontal Virtual Panel Size
Programmed Value = 9/8 [XR1C + 1] – 1
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Extension Registers
VIDEO INTERFACE REGISTER (XR28) 6 8-Bit Video Pixel Panning

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h This bit is effective for both CRT and flat
Index 28h panel when the 8-bit video data path is
selected (bit-4 = 1).
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 AR13 bits 2-1 are used to control pixel
panning (default on Reset)
Reserved(0) 1 AR13 bits 2-0 are used to control pixel
Blank#/DE Select panning
7 Tall Font Replication
Reserved(0)
256-Color Video Path 0 Tall font replicates lines 1, 9 and 12
InterlaceMode 1 Tall font replicates line 0 twice and
line 15 once
8-Bit Video Pixel Panning
Tall Font Replication
0 Reserved (0) HALF LINE COMPARE REGISTER (XR29)

1 Blank / Display Enable Select Index 29h
This bit is effective in CRT mode only. In
flat panel mode, XR54 bit-1 controls
BLANK# functionality. D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
0 BLANK# controls color palette

blanking (default on reset)
1 Display Enable controls color palette
blanking
Half-Line Compare
Note: This bit also controls the functionality
of pins 68 or 69 when BLANK# / DE is
selected for output instead of the default
function (M is normally output on pin 69
and LP is normally output on pin 68 but this
can be changed by XR4F bits 6 and 7
respectively). See also XR54 bits 0 and 1. In Interlaced mode CRT operation, this register is
used to generate the Half Line Compare Signal.
3-2 Reserved (0)
7-0 CRT Half-Line Value
4 256-Color Video Path
In CRT interlaced video mode this value is
This bit is effective for both CRT and flat used to generate the 'half-line compare'
panel in 256-color modes other than mode signal that controls the positioning of the
13 (i.e., Super VGA modes).
VSync for odd frames.
0 4-bit video data path (default on reset)
1 8-bit video data path (horizontal pixel
panning is controlled by bit-6)
Note: GR05 bit-5 must be 0 if this bit is set
5 Interlace Video
This bit is effective only for CRT graphics
mode. This bit should be programmed to 0
for flat panel. In interlace mode XR29 holds
the half-line positioning of VSync for odd
frames.
0 Non-interlaced video (default on reset)
1 Interlaced video
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Extension Registers
SOFTWARE FLAGS REGISTER 1 (XR2B) FLM DELAY REGISTER (XR2C)

Index 2Bh Index 2Ch
Flag 0
Flag 1
Flag 2
Flag 3 FLM Delay
Flag 4
Flag 5
Flag 6
Flag 7
This register contains eight read-write bits which This register is used only in flat panel mode when
have no internal hardware function. All bits are XR2F bit-7=0. The First Line Marker (FLM) signal
reserved for use by BIOS and driver software. For is generated from an internal FP VSync active edge
reference, the functions of the bits of this register are with a delay specified by this register. The FLM
currently defined as follows: pulse width is always one line for SS panels and two
lines for DD panels.
7-0 Display Mode
7-0 FLM Delay (VDelay)
These bits are used by the BIOS to store the
current display mode number. These bits define the number of HSyncs
between the internal VSync and the rising
See also XR0F, XR44, XR45 for definition of other edge of FLM.
software flags registers.
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Extension Registers
LPDELAY REGISTER(CMPRENABLED)(XR2D) LP
DELAYREGISTER (CMPRDISABLED)(XR2E)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7hIndex 2Eh
Index 2Dh
LP Delay LP Delay
(graphics mode horizontal (graphics mode horizontal
compression enabled) compression disabled)
This register is used only in flat panel mode when This register is used only in flat panel mode when
XR2F bit-6 = 0 and graphics mode horizontal XR2F bit-6 = 0 and 9-dot text mode is used. The
compression is enabled. The LP output is generated LP output is generated from the FP Blank inactive
from the FP Blank inactive edge with a delay edge with a delay specified by XR2F bit-4 and the
specified by XR2F bit-5 and the value in this value in this register. The LP pulse width is
register. The LP pulse width is specified in register specified in register XR2F.
XR2F.
7-0 LP Delay
7-0 LP Delay
These bits define the number of character
These bits define the number of character clocks between the FP Blank inactive edge
clocks between the FP Blank inactive edge and the rising edge of the LP output in flat
and the rising edge of the LP output in flat panel 9-dot text modes. The msb (bit 8) of
panel mode with 9-dot text mode forced to this parameter is XR2F bit-4.
8-dot text. The msb (bit 8) of this parameter
is XR2F bit-5. Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1 Note: For DD panels without frame acceleration,
the programmed value should be doubled.
Note: For DD panels without frame acceleration,
the programmed value should be doubled.
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Extension Registers
LP WIDTH REGISTER (XR2F)

Index 2Fh
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
LP Width
LP Delay (XR2E) Bit-8

LP Delay (XR2D) Bit-8
LP Delay Disable
FLM Delay Disable
This register is used only in flat panel mode. This

register together with XR2D or XR2E defines the
LP output pulse in flat panel mode.
3-0 LP Width (HWidth)
These bits define the width of LP output
pulse in terms of number of character (8-dot
only) clocks in flat panel mode.
4 LP Delay (XR2E) Bit 8
This bit is the msb of the LP Delay
parameter for 9-dot text modes.
5 LP Delay (XR2D) Bit 8
This bit is the msb of the LP Delay
parameter for graphics mode with horizontal
compression disabled.
6 LP Delay Disable
0 LP Delay Enable: XR2D and XR2F
bit-5 (or XR2E and XR2F bit-4) are
used to delay the LP active edge with
respect to the FP Blank inactive edge.
1 LP Delay Disable: LP active edge will
coincide with the FP Blank inactive
edge.
7 FLM Delay Disable
0 FLM Delay Enable: XR2C is used to
delay the external FLM active edge
with respect to the internal FP VSync
active edge.
1 FLM Delay Disable: the external FLM
active edge will coincide with the in-
ternal FLM active edge.
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Extension Registers
CLOCK DIVIDE CONTROL REGISTER (XR30)

Index 30h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Reference Divisor Select
VCO Post Divide
Reserved(R/W)
The three clock data registers (XR30-XR32) are

programmed with the loop parameters to be loaded
into the clock synthesizer. The Memory and Video
clock VCO's both have programmable registers.
Which of the VCO's is currently selected for
programming is determined by the Clock Register
Program Pointer (XR33[5]).
The data written to this register is calculated based on
the reference frequency, the desired output
frequency, and characteristic VCO constraints as
described in the Functional Description.
Data is written to registers XR30, and XR31
followed by a write to XR32. The completion of the
write to XR32 causes data from all three registers is
transferred to the VCO register file simultaneously.
This prevents wild fluctuations in the VCO output
during intermediate stages of a clock programming
sequence.
0 Reference Divisor Select
Selects the reference pre-scale factor:
0 Divide by 4
1 Divide by 1
3–1 Post Divisor Select
Selects the post-divide factor:
000 Divide by 1
001 Divide by 2
010 Divide by 4
011 Divide by 8
100 Divide by 16
101 Divide by 32
110 Divide by 64
111 Divide by 128
7–4 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
CLOCK M-DIVISOR REGISTER (XR31) CLOCK N-DIVISOR REGISTER (XR32)

Index 31h Index 32h
M-Divisor Value N-Divisor
Reserved(R/W) Reserved(R/W)
The three clock data registers (XR30-XR32) are The three clock data registers (XR30-XR32) are
programmed with the loop parameters to be loaded programmed with the loop parameters to be loaded
into the clock synthesizer. The Memory and Video into the clock synthesizer. The Memory and Video
clock VCO's both have programmable registers. clock VCO's both have programmable registers.
Which of the VCO's is currently selected for Which of the VCO's is currently selected for
programming is determined by the Clock Register programming is determined by the Clock Register
Program Pointer (XR33[5]). Program Pointer (XR33[5]).
The data written to this register is calculated based on The data written to this register is calculated based on
the reference frequency, the desired output the reference frequency, the desired output
frequency, and characteristic VCO constraints as frequency, and characteristic VCO constraints as
described in the Functional Description. described in the Functional Description.
Data is written to registers XR30, and XR31 Data is written to registers XR30, and XR31
followed by a write to XR32. The completion of the followed by a write to XR32. The completion of the
write to XR32 causes data from all three registers is write to XR32 causes data from all three registers is
transferred to the VCO register file simultaneously. transferred to the VCO register file simultaneously.
This prevents wild fluctuations in the VCO output This prevents wild fluctuations in the VCO output
during intermediate stages of a clock programming during intermediate stages of a clock programming
sequence. sequence.
6–0 VCO M-Divisor 6–0 VCO N-Divisor
M-Divisor value calculated for the desired N-Divisor value calculated for the desired
output frequency. output frequency.
7 Reserved (R/W) 7 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (XR33) 5 Clock Register Program Pointer

Index 33h This bit determines which of the VCO's is
being programmed. Following a write to
XR32 the data contained in XR32:30 is
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 synchronously transferred to the appropriate
VCO counter latch.
VCLK VCO Powerdown
MCLK VCO Powerdown
0 VCLK VCO selected
1 MCLK VCO selected
Oscillator Powerdown
Reserved(R/W) 6 Power Sequencing Reference Clock
Video Clock Select
CLK Reg Program Pointer
0 Use RCLK (reference clock) divided
by 384 as panel power sequencing
Power Sequencing Clock reference clock and Standby Mode
Clock Mode Control display memory refreshes. For
RCLK=14.31818 MHz, panel power
0 VCLK VCO Powerdown sequencing clock would be 37.5 KHz
(default).
0 VCLK VCO Enabled (default)
1 VCLK VCO Disabled 1 Use AA9 pin as 32 KHz clock input
for panel power sequencing reference
This bit is only effective if XR01[4] = 1. clock and Standby Mode display
memory refreshes. Asymmetric
1 MCLK VCO Powerdown DRAM option (XR05[3]=1) should
0 MCLK VCO Enabled (default) not be enabled in this case.
1 MCLK VCO Disabled
7 Clock Mode Control
This bit is only effective if XR01[4] = 1.
0 Clock 0 and Clock 1 default to 25.175
2 Oscillator Powerdown and 28.322 MHz respectively.
0 OSC Enabled (default) 1 Clock 0 and Clock 1 default to 31.5
1 OSC Disabled MHz and 35.5 MHz.
This bit is only effective if XR01[5] = 1 and
XR33[6] = 1.
3 Reserved (R/W)
4 Video Clock Select
0 If XR01[4] = 1 (internal clock
source), use output of VCLK VCO as
video clock otherwise if XR04[4] = 0,
use RCLK input as video clock
(default).
1 If XR01[4] = 1 (internal clock
source), use output of MCLK VCO
divided by 2 as the video clock;
otherwise if XR01[4]=0, then use
MCLK input divided by 2 as the video
clock.
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Extension Registers
COLOR KEY REGISTER 0 (XR3A) COLOR KEY REGISTER 1 (XR3B)

Index 3Ah Index 3Bh
Color Compare Data 0 Color Compare Data 1
7-0 Color Compare Data 0 7-0 Color Compare Data 1

These bits are compared to the least signif- These bits are compared to bits 15:8 of the
icant 8 bits of the background video stream. background video stream. If a match occurs
If a match occurs on all enabled bits (see on all enabled bits (see Color Compare Mask
Color Compare Mask Register XR3D) and Register XR3D) and the key is enabled
the key is enabled (XR06[4]), external (XR06[4]), external video is sent to the
video is sent to the screen. External video is screen. External video is input on the
input on the MCD15:0, CASCH# and MCD15:0, CASCH# and CASCL# pins
CASCL# pins (and CA8-9, ACTI, (and CA8-9, ACTI, ENABKL, AA9, and
ENABKL, AA9, and OEC# if 24-bit OEC# if 24-bit external video input is
external video input is enabled enabled (XR05[7]=1)). The logical masking
(XR05[7]=1)). The logical masking and and compare operations are described in the
compare operations are described in the functional description. This register should
functional description. be masked from participating in the
The color comparison occurs before the comparison in 4BPP and 8BPP modes.
RAMDAC. In 4BPP and 8BPP modes This is accomplished by setting Color Mask
using palette LUT data, the LUT index is Register 1 (XR3E) = 0FFh.
used in the comparison, not the 18BPP LUT
data.
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Extension Registers
COLOR KEY REGISTER 2 (XR3C) COLOR KEY MASK REGISTER 0 (XR3D)

Index 3Ch Index 3Dh
Color Compare Data 2 Color Compare Mask 0
7-0 Color Compare Data 2 7-0 Color Compare Mask 0

These bits are compared to bits 23:16 of the This register is used to select which bits of
background video stream. If a match occurs the background video data stream are used in
on all enabled bits (see Color Compare Mask the comparison with the Color Compare Data
Register XR3D) and the key is enabled 23:0. This register controls bits 7:0.
(XR06[4]), external video is sent to the 0 Data does participate in compare
screen. External video is input on the operation
MCD15:0, CASCH# and CASCL# pins 1 Data does not participate in compare
(and CA8-9, ACTI, ENABKL, AA9, and operation (masked)
OEC# if 24-bit external video input is
enabled (XR05[7]=1)). The logical masking
and compare operations are described in the
functional description. This register should
be masked from participating in the
comparison in 4BPP, 8BPP and 16BPP
modes. It should only be used in 24BPP
modes. This is accomplished by setting
Color Mask Register 2 (XR3F) = 0FFh.
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Extension Registers
COLOR KEY MASK REGISTER 1 (XR3E) COLOR KEY MASK REGISTER 2 (XR3F)
Index 3Eh Index 3Fh
Color Compare Mask 1 Color Compare Mask 2
7-0 Color Compare Mask 1 7-0 Color Compare Mask 2

This register is used to select which bits of This register is used to select which bits of
the background video data stream are used in the background video data stream are used in
the comparison with the Color Compare Data the comparison with the Color Compare Data
23:0. This register controls bits 7:0. 23:0. This register controls bits 7:0.
0 Data does participate in compare 0 Data does participate in compare
operation operation
1 Data does not participate in compare 1 Data does not participate in compare
operation (masked) operation (masked)
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Extension Registers
BitBLTCONFIGREGISTER(XR40) (65545 Only) 3-0 Set Panel Type ( 40K BIOS Only )
Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h 00 Panel #1
Index 40h 01 Panel #2
02 Panel #3
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 03 Panel #4
04 Panel #5
BitBLT Draw Mode 05 Panel #6
06 Panel #7
07 Panel #8
08-0F Reserved
Reserved(0) 4 Optimal Compensation Enable
0 Disable optimal compensation
1 Enable optimal compensation
7-5 Reserved ( 0 )
1–0 BitBLT Draw Mode ( 65545 only )
See also XR0F, XR2B, XR45 for definition of other
The 65545 supports two color depths in its software flags registers.
drawing engine:
00 Reserved
01 8BPP
10 16BPP SOFTWARE FLAGS REGISTER 3 (XR45)
11 Reserved Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h
Index 45h
Note: 24BPP is handled in 8BPP mode.
There is no nibble mode access for
4BPP modes. D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Flag 0
7–2 Reserved ( 0 )
Flag 1
Flag 2
Flag 3
SOFTWARE FLAGS REGISTER 2 (XR44) Flag 4
Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h Flag 5
Index 44h
Flag 6
Flag 7
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Set Panel Type reserved for use by BIOS and driver software. For
Optimal Compensation Ena
7-0 Flags ( Reserved )
See also XR0F, XR2B, XR44 for definition of other
Reserved(0) software flags registers.

reserved for use by BIOS and driver software. For
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Extension Registers
PANEL FORMAT REGISTER 2 (XR4F) 16-Frame FRC

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h (Color or Monochrome STN Panels)
Index 4Fh # of msbs Gray / Gray /
Used Color Color
to Generate Levels Levels
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Gray / Color without with
Levels Dithering Dithering
001 1 2 5
Bits Per Pixel 010 2 4 13
011 3 8 29
100 4 16 61
Reserved(R/W) The setting programmed into this field deter-
mines how many most-significant color-bits
M Functionality Select / pixel are used to generate flat panel video
LP Functionality Select
data. In general, 8 bits of monochrome data
or 8 bits/color of RGB color data enter the
flat panel logic for every dot clock. Not all
This register is used only in flat panel mode. of these bits, however, are used to generate
output colors / gray scales, depending on the
2-0 Bits Per Pixel Selection type of panel used, graphics / text mode, and
The value in this field, along with the dither the gray-scaling algorithm chosen (the actual
and FRC settings, determines gray / color number of bits used is indicated in the table
levels produced: above). If the VGA palette is used then a
maximum of 6 bits/pixel (bits 7-2) (setting
No FRC '110') should be used. If the VGA palette is
# of msbs Gray / Gray / bypassed then a maximum of 8 bits/pixel
Used Color Color (bits 7-0) (setting '111) may be used. With
to Generate Levels Levels 2-frame and 16-frame FRC, settings not
Gray / Color without with listed in the tables above are undefined.
Levels Dithering Dithering Also note that settings which achieve higher
001 1 2 5 gray / color levels may not necessarily
010 2 4 13 produce acceptable display quality on some
011 3 8 29
100 4 16 61 (or any) currently available panels. This
101 5 32 125 document contains recommended settings
110 6 64 253 for various popular panels that Chips &
111 8 256 n/a Technologies has found to produce
acceptable results with those panels.
2-Frame FRC Customers may modify these settings to
(Color TFT or Monochrome Panels) achieve a better match with their require-
# of msbs Gray / Gray / ments.
Used Color Color
to Generate Levels Levels 3-5 Reserved (R/W)
Gray / Color without with
Levels Dithering Dithering 6 M Pin Select
010 1 3 9 0 M signal goes to the M pin (default on
011 2 5 25 reset)
100 3 15 57 1 FP Display Enable (FP Blank#) signal
101 4 31 121 goes to the M pin. Polarity is
controlled by XR54[0].
7 LP Pin Select
0 FP HSync (LP) signal goes to the LP
pin. Polarity is controlled by
XR54[6] (default on reset).
1 FP Display Enable (FP Blank#) signal
goes to the LP pin. Polarity is
controlled by XR54[0].
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Extension Registers
PANEL FORMAT REGISTER 1 (XR50) 6-4 Clock Divide ( CD )

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h These bits specify the frequency ratio
Index 50h between the dot clock and the flat panel shift
clock (SHFCLK) signal.
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 000 Shift Clock Freq = Dot Clock Freq.
This setting is used to output 1 pixel
Frame Rate Control per shift clock with a maximum of 8
bpp (bits/pixel) for single drive
Dither Enable
monochrome panels. For double drive
color panels, this setting is used to
output 2 2/3 4-bit pack pixels. FRC
and dithering may be enabled.
Clock Divide 001 Shift Clk Freq = 1/2 Dot Clock Freq.
This setting is used to output 2 pixels
TFT Panel Data Width per shift clock with a maximum of 8
bits/pixel for single drive monochrome
panels and 4 bpp for single drive color
This register is used only in flat panel mode. panels. For double drive color panels,
this setting is used to output 5-1/3 4-
1-0 Frame Rate Control ( FRC ) bit pack pixels. FRC and dithering
FRC is gray scale simulation on a frame-by- can be enabled.
frame basis to generate shades of gray or 010 Shift Clk Freq = 1/4 Dot Clock Freq.
color on panels that do not support gener- This setting is used to output 4 pixels
ation of gray / color levels internally. per shift clock with a maximum of 4
00 No FRC. This setting may be used bpp for single drive mono panels and
with all panels, especially for panels 2 bits/pixel for single drive color
which can generate shades of gray / panels. For single drive color panels
color internally. this setting is used to output 5-1/3 4-
01 16-frame FRC. This setting may be bit pack pixels. For double drive
used for Color STN or Monochrome monochrome panels, this setting is
panels. One to four bits/pixel output used to output 8 pixels per shift clock
to the panel are possible and therefore with 1 bit/pixel. FRC and dithering
this setting is used only with panels can be enabled.
which do not support internal gray 011 Shift Clk Freq = 1/8 Dot Clock Freq.
scaling. This setting is used to This setting is used to output 8 pixels
simulate 16 gray / color levels per per shift clock with a maximum of 2
pixel. The bits per pixel are specified bpp for single drive mono panels and
by XR4F[2-0]; valid values are 001, 1 bit/pixel for single drive color
010, 011, and 100. panels. For double drive mono
10 2-frame FRC. This setting may be panels, this setting is also used to
used for Color TFT or Monochrome output 16 pixels per shift clock with 1
panels. One to four bits/pixel output bit/pixel. FRC and dithering can be
to the panel are possible and therefore enabled.
this setting can also be used with
panels that support internal gray 100 Shift Clk Freq = 1/16 Dot Clock Freq.
scaling. Number of input bits used This setting is used to output 16 pixels
(specified in XR4F[2-0]) are one more per shift clock with maximum of 1
than the number of output bits. bit/pixel for single drive monochrome
Therefore, valid values for XR4F[2-0] panels. Dithering can also be enabled.
are 010, 011, 100, and 101.
11 Reserved 7 TFT Panel Data Width
This bit is effective only when TFT (active
3-2 Dither Enable matrix) panels are used (XR50 bits 1-0=10).
00 Disabledithering 0 16-bit color TFT interface (565 RGB)
01 Enable dithering for 256-color modes 1 24-bit color TFT interface (888 RGB)
(AR10 bit-6 = 1 or XR28 bit 4 = 1)
10 Enable dithering for all modes
11 Reserved
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Extension Registers
DISPLAY TYPE REGISTER (XR51) 5 Shift Clock Mask (SM)

Index 51h This bit is effective for flat panel only.
0 Allow shift clock output to toggle
outside the display enable interval
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 Force the shift clock output low
Panel Type outside the display enable interval
6 Enable FP Compensation (EFCP)
Display Type
Shift Clock Divide This bit is effective for flat panel only. It
Reserved(R/W) enables flat panel horizontal and vertical
Shift Clock Mask
compensation depending on panel size,
current display mode, and contents of the
Enable FP Compensation compensation registers.
LP During V Blank
0 Disable FP compensation
1-0 Panel Type (PT) 1 Enable FP compensation
These bits are effective for flat panel only. 7 LP During Vertical Blank
00 Single Panel Single Drive (SS) This bit should be set only for SS panels
01 Reserved which require FP HSync (LP) to be active
10 Reserved during vertical blank time when XR54 bit-1
11 Dual Panel Double Drive (DD) = 0 (e.g., Plasma / EL panels). This bit
should be reset when using non-SS panels
2 Display Type (DT) or when XR54 bit-1 = 1.
This bit is effective for CRT and flat panel. 0 FP HSync (LP) is generated from
This bit also controls the BLANK# output. internal FP Blank inactive edge
1 FP HSync (LP) is generated from
0 CRT display (default on reset) internal FP Horizontal Blank inactive
BLANK# outputs CRT Blank edge
1 FP (Flat Panel) display
BLANK# outputs FP Blank
Note: There is no pin dedicated to output of
BLANK#. Therefore this bit is ignored if
BLANK# is not selected to be output on
either the M or LP output pins.
3 Shift Clock Divide
This bit is effective for flat panel only.
0 Shift Clock to Dot Clock relationship
expressed by XR50[6-4].
1 In this mode, the Shift Clock is further
divided by 2 and different video data
is valid on the rising and falling edges
of Shift Clock.
4 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
POWER DOWN CONTROL REGISTER (XR52) 5 Standby and Panel Off Control
Index 52h This bit is effective in Flat Panel Mode
during Standby and Panel Off modes
(XR52[3] = 1 or (XR52[4] = 1 or
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 STNDBY#, pin 178 is active (low)).
0 Video data and/or flat panel control
Normal Refresh Count signals are driven inactive (default on
reset).
Panel Off Mode
1 Video data and flat panel control
signals pins are tri-stated with a weak
Software Standby Mode internal pull-down.
Standby/Panel Off Control
Standby Refresh Control Note: XR61 bit-7 controls the inactive level
for video data in text mode; XR63 bit-7
CRT Mode Control
controls the inactive level for video data in
graphics mode:
2-0 FP Normal Refresh Count
0 = low when inactive
These bits specify the number of memory re- 1 = high when inactive
fresh cycles to be performed per scanline. A
minimum value of 1 should be programmed Note: This bit does not affect the HSYNC
in this register. and VSYNC pins. In Standby and Panel Off
modes, HSYNC and VSYNC will be driven
3 Panel Off Mode low.
This bit provides a software alternative to 6 Standby Refresh Control
enter Panel Off mode. Note that Panel Off
mode will be effective in both CRT and flat This bit is effective only in Standby mode
panel modes of operation. (STNDBY# pin low). Standby mode is
effective for both CRT and flat panel modes.
0 Normal mode (default on reset) In Standby mode, CPU interface to display
1 Panel Off mode memory and internal registers is inactive.
In Panel Off mode, the CRT / FP display The CRT / FP display memory interface,
memory interface is inactive but CPU video data and timing signals, and internal
interface and display memory refresh are still RAMDAC are inactive (all CRT and flat
active. The internal RAMDAC is also panel video control and data pins are 3-
inactive. stated). Display memory refresh is
controlled by this bit.
4 Software Standby Mode 0 Self-Refresh DRAM support.
This bit provides an alternative way to enter 1 Display memory refresh frequency is
the Standby mode. When this bit is set, the derived from the 32KHz input or
chip enters Standby mode. To exit Standby RCLK (14.31818MHz Reference
mode, when this bit is set, the STNDBY# Clock) divided per the value in XR5F.
pin must be asserted and then reasserted.
This bit will also be reset when the 7 CRT Mode Control
STNDBY# pin goes active (low).
This bit is effective in CRT mode only (non-
0 Normal Mode (default on reset) simultaneous CRT and flat panel) (XR51
1 Standby Mode bit-2 = 0).
signals are 3-stated with weak internal
pull-down (default on reset).
signals are inactive.
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Extension Registers
PANEL FORMAT REGISTER 3 (XR53) 6 FRC Option 3

Index 53h This bit affects 2-frame FRC only
0 FRC data changes every frame
1 FRC data changes every other frame
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Disable AR10 bit-2
7 Reserved (R/W)
Alt Line Gr Char Code Ctrl
FRC Option 1
FRC Option 2
Color STN Pixel Packing

FRC Option 3
Reserved(R/W)
0 Disable AR10 Bit-2

0 Use AR10 bit-2 for Line Graphics
control (default on Reset).
1 Use XR53 bit-1 instead of AR10 bit-2
for Line Graphics control
1 AlternateLineGraphicsCharacterControl
This bit is effective only if bit-0 = 1.
0 Ninth pixel of line graphics character
is set to the background color
1 Ninth pixel of line graphics character
is identical to the eighth pixel
2 FRC Option 1 (always program to 1)
3 FRC Option 2 (always program to 1)
5-4 Color STN Pixel Packing
This field determines the type of pixel
packing (the RGB pixel output sequence) for
color STN panels. These bits should be
programmed only when color STN panels
are used. These bits must be programmed to
00 for monochrome panels or color TFT
panels.
00 3-bit Pack. XR50 bits 6-4 can be
000, 001, or 010.
01 4-bit Pack. For SS Color STN
panels, XR50 bits 6-4 can be 000,
001, or 010. For DD panels, XR50
bits 6-4 may be set to 000 or 001.
10 Reserved
11 Extended 4-bit Pack. XR50 bits 6-4
must be programmed to 001. This
setting may be used for 8-bit interface
Color STN SS panels only.
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Extension Registers
PANEL INTERFACE REGISTER (XR54) 3-2 FP Clock Select Bits 1-0

Index 54h Select flat panel dot clock source. These bits
are used instead of Miscellaneous Output
Register (MSR) bits 3-2 in flat panel mode.
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 See description of MSR bits 3-2.
FP Blank Polarity 5-4 FP Feature Control Bits 1-0
FP Blank Select
Select flat panel dot clock source. These bits
are used instead of Feature Control Register
FP Clock Select (FCR) bits 1-0 in flat panel mode. See des-
cription of FCR bits 1-0.
FP Feature Control
FP LP Polarity 6 FP HSync (LP) Polarity
FP FLM Polarity This bit controls the polarity of the flat panel
HSync (LP) pin.
This register is used only in flat panel modes.
0 Positive polarity
0 FP Blank Polarity 1 Negative polarity
This bit controls the polarity of the 7 FP VSync (FLM) Polarity

BLANK# pin in flat panel mode. In CRT
mode, XR28 bit-0 controls polarity of the This bit controls the polarity of the flat panel
BLANK# pin. VSync (FLM) pin.
0 Positive polarity 0 Positive polarity

1 Negative polarity 1 Negative polarity
1 FP Blank Select
This bit controls the BLANK# pin output in
flat panel mode. In CRT mode, XR28 bit-1
controls the BLANK# output. This bit also
affects operation of the flat panel video
logic, generation of the FP HSync (LP)
pulse signals, and masking of the Shift
Clock.
0 The BLANK# pin outputs both FP
Vertical and Horizontal Blank. In
480-line DD panels, this option will
generate exactly 240 FP HSync (LP)
pulses.
1 The BLANK# pin outputs only FP
Horizontal Blank. During FP Vertical
Blank, the flat panel video logic will
be active, the FP HSync (LP) pulse
will be generated, and Shift Clock can
not be masked. Note however that
Shift Clock can still be masked during
FP Horizontal Blank.
Note: The signal polarity selected by bit-0 is
applicable for either selection.
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Extension Registers
HORIZONTAL COMPENSATION REGISTER 4-3 Reserved (R/W)

(XR55)
Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h 5 Enable Automatic Horizontal Doubling
Index 55h (EAHD)(this bit is effective if bit-0 is 1)
0 Disable Automatic Horizontal Dou-
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 bling. Horizontal doubling will only
be performed for flat panels when
Ena H Compensation SR01 bit-3 = 1 in any emulation mode
Ena H Auto Centering or when 3B8/3D8 bit-0 & 3B8/3D8
Ena H Compression bit-4 = 0 in CGA emulation.
1 Enable Automatic Horizontal Dou-
bling. Horizontal doubling will be
Reserved(R/W) performed for flat panels when SR01
Ena Auto H Doubling bit-3 = 1 in any emulation mode or
Alternate HSync Polarity when 3B8/3D8 bit-0 & 3B8/3D8 bit-4
Alternate VSync Polarity = 0 in CGA emulation or when the
Horizontal Display width (CR01) is
This register is used only in flat panel modes when equal to or less than half of the
flat panel compensation is enabled (XR51 bit-6 = 1). Horizontal Panel Size (XR18).
0 EnableHorizontalCompensation(EHCP) 6 Alternate CRT HSync Polarity

0 Disable horizontal compensation 0 Positive
1 Enable horizontal compensation 1 Negative
1 Enable Automatic Horizontal Centering 7 Alternate CRT VSync Polarity

(EAHC) (effective only if bit-0 is 1) 0 Positive
0 Enable non-automatic horizontal cen- 1 Negative
tering. The Horizontal Centering Note: bits 6 and 7 above are used in flat
Register is used to specify the left panel mode (XR51 bit-2 = 1) instead of
border. If no centering is desired then MSR bits 6 and 7). This is primarily used
the Horizontal Centering Register can for simultaneous CRT / Flat Panel display.
be programmed to 0.
1 Enable automatic horizontal centering.
Horizontal left and right borders will
be computed automatically.
2 EnableTextModeHorizontalCompression
(ETHC)(this bit is effective only if bit-0 is 1
in flat panel text mode). Setting this bit will
turn on text mode horizontal compression re-
gardless of horizontal display width or
horizontal panel size.
0 Text mode horizontal compression off
1 Text mode horizontal compression on.
8-dot text mode is forced when 9-dot
text mode is specified (SR01 bit-0 = 0
or Hercules text).
Note: This bit affects the horizontal pixel
panning logic. When text mode horizontal
compression is active, programming 9-bit
panning will result in 8-bit panning.
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Extension Registers
HORIZONTALCENTERINGREGISTER(XR56)
Index 56h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
LeftBorder
This register is used only in flat panel modes when

non-automatic horizontal centering is enabled.
7-0 Horizontal Left Border (HLB)
Programmed Value (in character clocks)
= Width of Left Border – 1
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Extension Registers
VERTICALCOMPENSATIONREGISTER(XR57) 4-3 Text Mode Vertical Stretching (TVS1-0)

Index 57h These bits are effective if bits 2 and 0 are 1.
00 Double Scanning (DS) and Line
Insertion (LI) with the following
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
priority: DS+LI, DS, LI.
Enable V Compensation 01 Double Scanning (DS) and Line
Enable Auto V Centering
Insertion (LI) with the following
priority: DS+LI, LI, DS.
Enable Text V Stretching
10 Double Scanning (DS) and TallFont
(TF) with the following priority:
Text V Stretch Method DS+TF, DS, TF.
Enable Gr V Stretching 11 Double Scanning (DS) and TallFont
Gr V Stretch Method (TF) with the following priority:
Disable Fast Centering
DS+TF, TF, DS.
5 Enable Vertical Stretching (EVS)

This register is used only in flat panel modes when
flat panel compensation is enabled. This bit is effective only if bit-0 is 1.
0 Enable Vertical Compensation (EVCP) 0 Disable vertical stretching

1 Enable vertical stretching
0 Disableverticalcompensation
1 Enable vertical compensation 6 Vertical Stretching (VS)
1 Enable Automatic Vertical Centering Vertical Stretching can be enabled in both
(EAVC) text and graphics modes. This bit is
effective only if bits 5 and 0 are 1.
This bit is effective only if bit-0 is 1.
0 Double Scanning (DS) and Line
0 Enable non-automatic vertical Replication (LR) with the following
centering. The Vertical Centering priority: DS+LR, DS, LR.
Register is used to specify the top 1 Double Scanning (DS) and Line
border. If no centering is desired then Replication (LR) with the following
the Vertical Centering Register can be priority: DS+LR, LR, DS.
programmed to 0.
1 Enable automatic vertical centering. 7 Disable Fast Centering
Vertical top and bottom borders will
be computed automatically. This bit is effective only if XR58[1-0] = 11.
0 Enable Fast Centering
2 Enable Text Mode Vertical Stretching 1 Disable Fast Centering
(ETVS)
This bit is effective only if bit-0 is 1.
0 Disable text mode vertical stretching;
graphics mode vertical stretching is
used if enabled.
1 Enable text mode vertical stretching
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Extension Registers
VERTICAL CENTERING REGISTER (XR58) VERTICALLINEINSERTIONREGISTER(XR59)

Index 58h Index 59h
V Line Insertion Height
Top Border LSBs Reserved(0)

Top Border Bits 8-9
Hardware Line Replication
This register is used only in flat panel modes when This register is used only in flat panel text mode
non-automatic vertical centering is enabled. when vertical line insertion is enabled.
7-0 Vertical Top Border LSBs (VTB7-0) 3-0 Vertical Line Insertion Height (VLIH3-0)
Programmed value: ProgrammedValue:
Top Border Height (in scan lines) – 1 Number of Insertion Lines – 1
This register contains the eight least signif- The value programmed in this register - 1 is
icant bits of the programmed value of the the number of lines to be inserted between
Vertical Top Border (VTB). The two most the rows. Insertion lines are never double
significant bits are in the Vertical Line scanned even if double scanning is enabled.
Insertion Register (XR59). Insertion lines use the background color.
4 Reserved (0)
6-5 Vertical Top Border MSBs (VTB9-8)
This register contains the two most signif-
icant bits of the programmed value of the
Vertical Top Border (VTB). The eight least
significant bits are in the Vertical Centering
Register (XR58).
7 Hardware Line Replication
This bit is effective in text mode when Line
Replication is selected (XR57[2] = 1).
Hardware line replication, when enabled,
replicates lines to display a 19-line character
from a 16-line font as specified in XR28 bit-
7.
0 Normal text mode line replication
1 Hardware line replication is enabled
Revision 1.2 137 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
VERTICAL LINE REPLICATION REGISTER PANEL POWER SEQUENCING

(XR5A) DELAY REGISTER (XR5B)
Index 5Ah Index 5Bh
Line Replication Height Delay on Power Down
Reserved(R/W) Delay on Power Up
This register is used only in flat panel text or This register is used only in flat panel modes. The
graphics modes when vertical line replication is generation of the clock for panel power sequencing
enabled. logic is controlled by XR33[6]. The delay intervals
below assume a 37.5 KHz clock generated by the
3-0 Vertical Line Replication Height (VLRH) internal clock synthesizer. If the 32KHz input is
used, the delay intervals should be scaled accord-
Programmed Value = Number of Lines ingly.
Between Replicated Lines – 1
Double scanned lines are also counted. 3-0 Power Down Delay
In other words, if this field is programmed Programmable value of panel power-
with '7', every 8th line will be replicated. sequencing during power down. This value
can be programmed up to 459 milliseconds
7-4 Reserved (R/W) in increments of 29 milliseconds. A value of
0 is undefined.
7-4 Power Up Delay
Programmable value of panel power
sequencing during power up. This value can
be programmed up to 54 milliseconds in
increments of 3.4 milliseconds. A value of
0 is undefined.
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Extension Registers
ACTIVITYTIMERCONTROLREGISTER(XR5C)
Index 5Ch
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Activity Timer Count
Reserved(R/W)
Activity Timer Action
Enable Activity Timer
This register is used to control Activity timer 6 Activity Timer Action

functionality. The activity timer is an internal
counter that starts counting from a value 0 When the activity timer count is
programmed into this register (see bits 0-4 below) reached, the ENABKL pin is activated
and is reset back to that count by read or write (driven low to turn the backlight off)
accesses to graphics memory or I/O. If no accesses 1 When the activity timer count is
occur, the counter counts till the end of its reached, Panel Off mode is entered.
programmed interval and activates either the
ENABKL pin or Panel Off mode (as selected by bit- 7 Enable Activity Timer
6 below). The timer count does not have to be 0 Disable activity timer (default on reset)
reloaded once programmed and the timer enabled: 1 Enable activity timer
any access to the chip with the timer timed out
(ENABKL active or Panel Off mode active) will See also XR5D bit-2.
reset the timer and the ENABKL pin de-activated (or
Panel Off mode exited, whichever is selected). The
activity timer uses the same clock as power
sequencing which is controlled by XR33[6]. The
delay intervals below assume a 35.7 KHz clock, if
an external 32KHz input is used, the delay is scaled
accordingly.
4-0 Activity Timer Count
For a 35.7 KHz clock the counter
granularity is approximately 25.6 seconds.
The minimum programmed value of 1
results in 25.6 second delay and the
maximum count of 32 results in a delay of
13.7 minutes. If the clock input on pin 154
(AA9) is other than 32 KHz, the delay
should be scaled accordingly.
5 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
FP DIAGNOSTIC REGISTER (XR5D) 5 18-bit Color TFT Test Mode

Index 5Dh 0 Disable 18-bit color TFT test mode
(default on reset)
1 Enable 18-bit color TFT test mode
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
6 Prevent HSYNC and VSYNC Deactivation
Enable Palette Powerdown 0 Allow HSYNC and VSYNC to be
Enable Access in PNLOFF deactivated when XR06[1] = 1
Enable Activity Timer Test (default on reset)
Force 16-bit Local Bus 1 Prevents HSYNC and VSYNC from
Disable Vertical Comp being deactivated when XR06[1] = 1.
18-bit Color Test Mode 7 EnablePalettePowerdowninBypassMode
HSync/VSync Deactivation
0 Disable VGA palette powerdown
Enable Palette Powerdown when XR06[5]=1
1 Enable VGA palette powerdown when
0 Enable Panel-Off VGAPalettePowerdown XR06[5]=1 and XR06[1]=1
0 Disable VGA Palette powerdown in
Panel Off Mode (default on reset)
1 Enable VGA Palette powerdown in
Panel Off mode
1 Enable Panel-Off VGA Palette Access
This bit is effective when bit 0=1 or bit 7=1.
0 Disable CPU access to VGA Palette in
Panel Off Mode (default on reset)
1 Enable CPU access to VGA Palette in
Panel Off Mode
2 Enable Activity Timer Test
0 Disable Activity Timer test mode
(default on reset)
1 Enable Activity Timer test mode
3 Force 16-Bit Local Bus
This bit is effective when 32-bit local bus
and 16-bit memory interface are used during
font load.
0 Do not force 16-bit local bus when
loading font (default on reset)
1 Force 16-bit local bus when loading
font
4 Disable Vertical Compensation
0 Vertical compensation can be enabled
in all cases (default on reset)
1 Disable vertical compensation if
Vertical Display Enable End equals
Vertical Panel Size.
Revision 1.2 140 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
M (ACDCLK) CONTROL REGISTER (XR5E) POWER DOWN REFRESH REGISTER (XR5F)

Index 5Eh Index 5Fh
M (ACDCLK) Count
Power Down Refresh Freq
M (ACDCLK) Control
This register is used only in flat panel mode. 7-0 Power Down Refresh Frequency
6-0 M ( ACDCLK ) Count ( ACDCNT ) These bits define the frequency of memory
refresh cycles in power down (standby)
These bits define the number of HSyncs mode (STNDBY# pin low). CAS-Before-
between adjacent phase changes on the M RAS (CBR) refresh cycles are performed.
(ACDCLK) output. These bits are effective
only when bit 7 = 0 and the contents of this If XR52 bit-6 = 1, the interval between two
register are greater than 2. refresh cycles is determined by bits 0-3 of
this register per the table below. Bits 4-7 of
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 2 this register are reserved for future use in
this mode (and should be programmed to 0).
7 M ( ACDCLK ) Control
3210 Approximate Refresh Interval
0 The M (ACDCLK) phase changes
depending on bits 0-6 of this register 0000 16 usec / cycle
1 The M (ACDCLK) phase changes 0001 47 usec / cycle
every frame if the frame accelerator is 0010 63 usec / cycle
not used. If the frame accelerator is 0011 78 usec / cycle
used, the M (ACDCLK) phase 0100 94 usec / cycle
changes every other frame. 0101 109 usec / cycle
0110 125 usec / cycle
If XR4F bit-6 is programmed to one to enable flat 0111 141 usec / cycle
panel DE / BLANK# to be output on the M 1000 156 usec / cycle
(ACDCLK) pin, the contents of this register will be
ignored. These refresh intervals assume a 32 KHz
clock. If the internal clock is used, the
refresh interval is scaled accordingly.
If XR52 bit-6 = 0, a value of 0 causes no
refresh to be performed. Self-Refresh
DRAMs should be used in this case.
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Extension Registers
BLINK RATE CONTROL REGISTER (XR60)

Index 60h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Cursor Blink Rate
Char Blink Duty Cycle
This register is used in all modes.

5-0 Cursor Blink Rate
These bits specify the cursor blink period in
terms of number of VSyncs (50% duty
cycle). In text mode, the character blink
period and duty cycle is controlled by bits 7-
6 of this register. These bits default to
000011 (decimal 3) on reset which
corresponds to eight VSyncs per cursor
blink period per the following formula (four
VSyncs on and four VSyncs off):
Programmed Value = (Actual Value) / 2 – 1
Note: In graphics mode, the pixel blink
period is fixed at 32 VSyncs per cursor blink
period with 50% duty cycle (16 on and 16
off).
7-6 Character Blink Duty Cycle
These bits specify the character blink (also
called 'attribute blink') duty cycle in text
mode.
Character Blink
7 6 Duty Cycle
0 0 50%
0 1 25%
1 0 50% (default on Reset)
1 1 75%
For setting 00, the character blink period is
equal to the cursor blink period. For all
other settings, the character blink period is
twice the cursor blink period (character blink
is twice as slow as cursor blink).
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Extension Registers
SMARTMAP™ CONTROL REGISTER (XR61) 4-1 SmartMap™ Threshold

Index 61h These bits are used only in flat panel text
mode when SmartMap™ is enabled (bit-0 =
1). They define the minimum difference
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 between the foreground and background
colors. If the difference is less than this
SmartMap™ Enable threshold, the colors are separated by adding
and subtracting the shift values (XR62) to
the foreground and background colors.
SmartMap™ Threshold However, if the foreground and background
color values are the same, then the color
values are not adjusted.
SmartMap™ Saturation
Text Enhancement 5 SmartMap™ Saturation
Text Video Output Polarity
This bit is used only in flat panel text mode
when SmartMap™ is enabled (bit-0 = 1). It
This register is used in flat panel text mode only. selects the clamping level after the color
addition/subtraction.
0 SmartMap™ Enable
0 The color result is clamped to the
0 Disable SmartMap™, use color maximum and minimum values (0Fh
lookup table and use internal and 00h respectively)
RAMDAC palette if enabled (XR06
bit-2 = 1). 1 The color result is computed modulo
16 (no clamping)
1 Enable SmartMap™, bypass both
color lookup table and internal 6 Text Enhancement
RAMDAC palette in flat panel text
mode. Although color lookup table is This bit is used only in flat panel text mode.
bypassed, translation of 4 bits/pixel
data to 6 bits/pixel data is still 0 Normal text
performed depending on AR10 bit-1 1 Text attribute 07h and 0Fh are
(monochrome / color display) as reversed to maximize the brightness of
follows: the normal DOS prompt
Output AR10 bit-1 = 0 AR10 bit-1 = 1 Note: This bit should be set to 0 if XR63[6]
Out0 In0 In0 is set to 1. Conversely, if this bit is
Out1 In1 In1 set to 1, XR63[6] should be set to 0.
Out2 In2 In2
Out3 In3 In0+In1+In2+In3 7 Text Video Output Polarity (TVP)
Out4 In3 In3 This bit is effective for flat panel text mode
Out5 In3 In3 only.
Note: This bit does not affect CRT text / 0 Normal polarity
graphics mode or flat panel graphics mode; 1 Inverted polarity
i.e.: the color lookup table is always used, Note: Graphics video output polarity is
and similarly the internal RAMDAC palette controlled by XR63 bit-7 (GVP).
is used if enabled.
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Extension Registers
SMARTMAP™ SHIFT PARAMETER SMARTMAP™COLORMAPPINGCONTROL

REGISTER (XR62) REGISTER(XR63)
Index 62h Index 63h
Foreground Shift
Color Threshold
Background Shift
New Text Enhancement
Gr Video Output Polarity
This register is used in flat panel text mode when 5-0 Color Threshold
SmartMap™ is enabled (XR61 bit-0 = 1).
These bits are effective for monochrome
3-0 Foreground Shift (XR51 bit-5 = 1) single/double drive flat
panel with 1 bit/pixel (XR50 bits 4-5 = 11)
These bits define the number of levels that without FRC (XR50 bits 0-1 = 11). They
the foreground color is shifted when the specify the color threshold used to reduce 6-
foreground and background colors are closer bit video to 1-bit video color. Color values
than the SmartMap™ Threshold (XR61 bits equal to or greater than the threshold are
1-4). If the foreground color is "greater" mapped to 1 and color values less than the
than the background color, then this field is threshold are mapped to 0.
added to the foreground color. If the
foreground color is "smaller" than the 6 New Text Enhancement
background color, then this field is sub-
tracted from the foreground color. If set this bit enables new text enhancement
that does not affect the CRT display. If this
7-4 Background Shift bit is set to 1, the old text enhancement bit
(XR61[6]) must be set to 0. Conversely, if
These bits define the number of levels that XR61[6] is 1 then this bit should be set to 0.
the background color is shifted when the Reset defaults this bit to 1.
foreground and background colors are closer
than the SmartMap™ Threshold (XR61 bits 7 Graphics Video Output Polarity (GVP)
1-4). If the background color is "greater"
than the foreground color, then this field is This bit is effective for CRT and flat panel
added to the background color. If the graphics mode only.
background color is "smaller" than the 0 Normal polarity
foreground color, then this field is sub- 1 Inverted polarity
tracted from the background color.
Note: Text video output polarity is
controlled by XR61 bit-7 (TVP).
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Extension Registers
FP ALTERNATE VERTICAL TOTAL FP ALTERNATE OVERFLOW

REGISTER (XR64) REGISTER (XR65)
Index 64h Index 65h
FP Alt V Total Bit-8

FP V Panel Size Bit-8
FP Alt VSync Start Bit-8
Reserved (R/W)
FP Alternate V Total Reserved (R/W)
FP Alt V Total Bit-9
FP Alt Panel Size Bit-9
FP Alt VSync Start Bit-9
This register is used in all flat panel modes. This register is used in all flat panel modes.
7-0 FP Alternate Vertical Total 0 FP Alternate Vertical Total Bit-8

The contents of this register are 8 low order 1 FP Vertical Panel Size Bit-8
bits of a 10-bit value. Bits 9 and 10 are
defined in XR65. The vertical total value 2 FP Alternate Vertical Sync Start Bit-8
specifies the total number of scan lines per 3 Reserved (R/W)
frame. Similar to CR06.
4 Reserved (R/W)
Programmed Value = Actual Value _ 2 5 FP Alternate Vertical Total Bit-9
6 FP Vertical Panel Size Bit-9
7 FP Alternate Vertical Sync Start Bit-9
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Extension Registers
FP ALTERNATE VERTICAL SYNC START FP ALTERNATE VERTICAL SYNC END

REGISTER (XR66) REGISTER (XR67)
Index 66h Index 67h
FP Alt VSync End
FP Alternate VSync Start

Reserved(R/W)
This register is used in all flat panel modes. This register is used in all flat panel modes.
7-0 FP Alternate Vertical Sync Start 3-0 FP Alternate Vertical Sync End
The contents of this register are the 8 low The lower 4 bits of the scan line count that
order bits of a 10-bit value. Bits 9 and 10 defines the end of vertical sync. Similar to
are defined in XR65. This value defines the CR11. If the vertical sync width desired is
scan line position at which vertical sync N lines, the programmed value is:
becomes active. Similar to CR10.
(contents of XR66 + N) ANDed with 0FH
7-4 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
VERTICAL PANEL SIZE REGISTER (XR68) PROGRAMMABLEOUTPUTDRIVEREGISTER

Read/Write at I/O Address 3B7h/3D7h (XR6C)
Index 68h Read/Write at I/O Address 3B7h/3D7h
Index 6Ch
Reserved(R/W)
CFG8/LV#: Vcc Select
Flat Panel Output Drive
Bus Interface Output Drive
Vertical Panel Size Mem Intfc A&B Out Drive
Mem Intfc C Out Drive
Reserved(R/W)
This register is used in all flat panel modes. This register is used to control the output drive of the
bus, video, and memory interface pins.
7-0 Vertical Panel Size 0 Reserved (R/W)
The contents of this register define the 1 CFG8 / LV# - Internal Logic Vcc Selection
number of scan lines per frame. This bit determines pad input threshold. On
the trailing edge of reset, this bit will latch
Programmed Value = Actual Value – 1 the state of AA8 pin (CFG8).
0 VCC for internal logic (IVCC) is 3.3V
Panel size bits 8-9 are defined in overflow 1 VCC for internal logic (IVCC) is 5V
register XR65. (Default)
2 Flat Panel Interface Output Drive Select
0 Lower drive (Default) (Use for
DVCC=5V)
1 Higher drive (Use for DVCC=3.3V)
3 Bus Interface Output Drive Select
0 Higher drive (Default) (Use for
BVCC=3.3V)
1 Lower drive (Use for BVCC=5V)
4 MemoryInterfaceA&BOutputDriveSelect
This bit affects memory interface groups A
& B control pins: RASB#, CASBH#,
CASBL#, WEB#, OEB#, MAD[15:0] and
MBD[15:0]
0 Lower drive (Default) (Use for
MVCCA/B=5V)
1 Higher drive (Use for
MVCCA/B=3.3V)
5 Memory Interface C Output Drive Select
This bit affects memory interface group C
control pins: RASC#, CASCH#, CASCL#,
Note: Programming lower drive for 3.3V WEC#, OEC#, and MCD15:0.
operation results in lower than rated output
drive. Programming higher output drive for 0 Lower drive (Default) (Use for
5V operation results in higher than rated MVCCC=5V)
output drive. 1 Higher drive (Use for MVCCC=3.3V)
7-6 Reserved (R/W)
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Extension Registers
POLYNOMIAL FRC CONTROL REGISTER

(XR6E)
Index 6Eh
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Polynomial 'N' Value
Polynomial 'M' Value
This register is effective in flat panel mode when

polynomial FRC is enabled (see XR50 bits 0-1). It
is used to control the FRC polynomial counters. The
values in the counters determine the offset in rows
and columns of the FRC count. These values are
usually determined by trial and error.
3-0 Polynomial 'N' value
7-4 Polynomial 'M' value
This register defaults to '10111101' on reset.
Revision 1.2 148 65540 / 545

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Extension Registers
FRAMEBUFFERCONTROLREGISTER(XR6F) 2 Asymmetric Address for DRAM C

Index 6Fh 0 64Kx16 DRAM (8-bit RAS and CAS
address)
1 Symmetric or Asymmetric 256Kx16
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 DRAM (9-bit RAS and CAS address
or 10 bit RAS and 8 bit CAS
Frame Buffer Enable addresses)
Frame Accelerator Enable
This bit is effective only if bit 7=1. Either
DRAM C Asym addr select
Symmetric or Asymmetric DRAMs may be
used.
Frame Buffer Refrsh Count
5-3 Frame Buffer Refresh Count
Frame Buffer Lines/Page These bits are effective only if bit 7=1.
Frame Buffer Method 6 Frame Buffer Lines / Page
This register is effective in flat panel mode only. 0 1 line per DRAM page
1 2 lines per DRAM page
0 Frame Buffer Enable This bit is effective only if bit 7=1.
This bit is used to enable frame buffer Note: 65540 only, should be programmed
operation (external or embedded). Frame with 0 in the 65545.
buffering is required for DD panel operation.
For SS panel operation (LCD, Plasma or 7 Frame Buffer Method
EL), frame buffering is not required so this
bit should be set to 0. 0 Embedded Frame Buffer. Frame
buffer data is stored in display
0 Disable frame buffer (default) memory (DRAM A or DRAMs A & B
1 Enable frame buffer depending on the setting of XR04 bits
Since the 65540 and 65545 have the ability 0-1)
to embed frame buffer data in display 1 External Frame Buffer. DRAM "C" is
memory, enabling frame buffering does not used exclusively for frame buffer data.
mean that an external DRAM frame buffer Note: This bit can be set to 1 only when
chip is required (see bit-7 of this register to XR04[1-0] (Memory Configuration) is set to
set the frame buffer method). either 00 (Display Memory in DRAMs A &
B) or 01 (Display Memory in DRAM A).
1 Frame Accelerator Enable
Frame acceleration may be used for panels
with vertical refresh rate specifications above
110 Hz to reduce the dot clock rate. For
panels with vertical refresh rate specifica-
tions below 110 Hz, Frame Acceleration will
violate panel specifications and should not
be used.
This bit should be programmed to 0 when
the Frame Buffer is disabled (bit-0 of this
register set to 0) or for non-DD panels. If
this bit is set to 1, bit-0 of this register must
be set to 1 and a DD panel must be used
(XR51[1-0], Panel Type, must be set to 11).
0 Disable frame accelerator (default)
1 Enable frame accelerator
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Extension Registers
SETUP/DISABLECONTROLREGISTER(XR70)
Index 70h
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Reserved(0)
3C3/46E8 Register Disable
6-0 Reserved (0)

7 3C3 / 46E8 Register Disable
0 In local bus configuration, port 3C3h
works as defined to provide control of
VGA disable. In ISA bus config-
uration, port 46E8h works as defined
to provide control of VGA disable and
setup mode.
1 In local bus configuration, writes to
I/O port 3C3 have no effect. In ISA
bus configuration, writes to I/O port
46E8h have no effect (the VGA
remains enabled and will not go into
setup mode).
Note: Writes to register 46E8 are only
effective in ISA bus configurations (46E8 is
ignored in local bus configurations
independent of the state of this bit). Writes
to 3C3 are only effective in local bus config-
urations (3C3 is ignored in ISA bus config-
urations independent of the state of this bit).
In PCI bus configuration (65545), this
register has no effect; the chip comes up
disabled except for the PCI configuration
registers and the PCI configuration registers
control VGA access.
Reads from ports 3C3 and 46E8h have no effect
independent of the programming of this register
(both 3C3 and 46E8h are write-only registers).
This register is cleared by reset.
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Extension Registers
EXTERNAL DEVICE I/O REGISTER (XR72) 5 GPIO1 ( ENABKL ) Data

Index 72h This bit always reads back the status of the
ENABKL pin (pin 54). When ENABKL is
configured as general purpose output
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (XR72[7-6]=11), this bit determines the data
output on the ENABKL pin.
Reserved(R/W)
ENAVEE Pin Control 7-6 GPIO1 ( ENABKL ) Pin Control
GPIO0 (ACTI) Data
This bit is effective only when XR01[4]=1,
XR50[7]=0, and XR05[7-6]≠11.
GPIO0 (ACTI) Pin Control
GPIO1 (ENABKL) Data
00 Pin 54 is used to output ENABKL
(enable backlight) (default on reset)
01 Reserved
GPIO1 (ENABKL) Pin Ctrl 10 Pin 54 is general purpose input 1
(GPIO1)
0 Reserved (R/W) 11 Pin 54 is general purpose output 1
(GPIO1)
1 ENAVEE Pin Control
See also XR5C "Activity Timer Control Register".
0 Pin 61 is used as Enable VEE The activity timer may be used to activate ENABKL
(ENAVEE) output (default on reset) or to evoke Panel Off mode after a specified time
1 Pin 61 is used as Enable Backlight interval.
(ENABKL) output
2 GPIO0 ( ACTI ) Data
This bit always reads back the state of the
ACTI pin (pin 53). When ACTI is
configured as general purpose output
(XR72[4-3]=11) this bit determines the data
output on ACTI pin.
4-3 GPIO0 ( ACTI ) Pin Control
This bit is effective only when XR01[4]=1,
XR50[7]=0, and XR05[7-6]≠11.
00 Pin 53 is ACTI output (default on
reset). ACTI goes high during valid
VGA memory or I/O read or write
operations that are recognized by the
chip.
01 Reserved
10 Pin 53 is general purpose input 0
(GPIO0)
11 Pin 53 is general purpose output 0
(GPIO0)
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Extension Registers
DPMS CONTROL REGISTER (XR73) DIAGNOSTIC REGISTER (XR7D) (65545 Only)

Read/Write at I/O Address 3D7h Read/Only at I/O Address 3D7h
Index 73h Index 72h
HSYNC Data
HSYNC Control
VSYNC Data
VSYNC Control Reserved(0)
Reserved(0)
BitBLT Clock Control
This register is provided to allow the controller to 6-0 Reserved (0)

independently shut down either or both of the
HSYNC and VSYNC outputs. This capability 7 BitBLT Clock Control ( 65545 Only )
allows the controller to signal a CRT monitor to enter
power-saving states per the VESA DPMS (Display 0 BitBLT logic receives a continuous
Power Management Signaling) Standard. The running memory clock
DPMS states are: 1 The clock to the BitBLT logic is shut
off
H V Power Management State
Active Active Normal Operation
Inactive Active Standby (Quick Recovery) Opt
Active Inactive Suspend (Max Power Savings)
Inactive Inactive Off (Autorecovery is optional)
0 HSYNC Data
If bit-1 of this register is programmed to 1,
the state of this bit (XR73[0]) will be output
on HSYNC (pin 65).
1 HSYNC Control
Determines whether bit-0 of this register or
internal CRTC horizontal sync information
is output on HSYNC (pin 65).
0 CRTC HSYNC is output (Default)
1 XR73[0] is output
2 VSYNC Data
If bit-3 of this register is programmed to 1,
the state of this bit (XR73[2]) will be output
on VSYNC (pin 64).
3 VSYNC Control
Determines whether bit-2 of this register or
internal CRTC vertical sync information is
output on VSYNC (pin 64).
0 CRTC VSYNC is output (Default)
1 XR73[2] is output
7-4 Reserved (0)
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Extension Registers
CGA/HERCCOLORSELECTREGISTER(XR7E) DIAGNOSTIC REGISTER (XR7F)

Index 7Eh Index 7Fh
Color Bit-0 (Blue)

Color Bit-1 (Green) 3-State Control
Color Bit-2 (Red)
Color Bit-3 (Intensity)
Intensity Enable Test Function
Color Set Select
Test Function Enable
Reserved(0) Special Test Function
This I/O address is mapped to the same register as 0 3-State Control Bit 0
I/O address 3D9h. This alternate mapping effec-
tively provides a color select register for Hercules 0 Normal outputs (default on reset)
mode. Writes to this register will change the copy at 1 3-state system bus and display output
3D9h. The copy at 3D9h is visible only in CGA pins: HSYNC, VSYNC, FLM, LP,
emulation or when the extension registers are M, SHFCLK, P0-15, LDEV#, and
enabled. The copy at XR7E is visible when the LRDY#.
extension registers are enabled.
1 3-State Control Bit 1
5-0 See Register 3D9 0 Normal outputs (default on reset)
1 3-state memory output pins: RASA#,
7-6 Reserved (0) RASB#, RASC#, CASAL#,
CASAH#, CASBL#, CASBH#,
CASCL#, CASCH#, WEA#, WEB#,
WEC#, OEAB#, OEC#, AA0-9, and
CA0-9.
5-2 Test Function
These bits are used for internal testing of the
chip when bit-6 = 1.
6 Test Function Enable
This bit enables bits 5-2 for internal testing.
0 Disable test function bits (default)
1 Enable test function bits
7 Special Test Function

This bit is used for internal testing and
should be set to 0 (default to 0 on reset) for
normal operation.
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Extension Registers
Revision 1.2 154 65540 / 545

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32-Bit Registers
32-Bit Registers
( 65545 Only )
Register Register Extension I/O State After

MnemonicGroup RegisterName Access Type Address Reset Page
DR00 BitBLT BitBLT Offset 16/32-bit R/W 83D0-3 - - - - xxxx xxxxxxxx - - - - xxxx xxxxxxxx 156
DR01 BitBLT BitBLT Pattern ROP 16/32-bit R/W 87D0-3 -------- - - - xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 156
DR02 BitBLT BitBLT BG Color 16/32-bit R/W 8BD0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 157
DR03 BitBLT BitBLT FG Color 16/32-bit R/W 8FD0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 157
DR04 BitBLT BitBLT Control 16/32-bit R/W 93D0-3 -------- - - - 0xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 158
DR05 BitBLT BitBLT Source 16/32-bit R/W 97D0-3 -------- - - - xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 159
DR06 BitBLT BitBLT Destination 16/32-bit R/W 9BD0-3 -------- - - - xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 159
DR07 BitBLT BitBLT Command 16/32-bit R/W 9FD0-3 - - - - 0000 00000000 - - - - xxxx xxxxxxxx 160
DR08 Cursor Cursor Control 16/32-bit R/W A3D0-3 -------- -------- • • • •0000 000 • • •00 161
DR09 Cursor Cursor Color 0-1 16/32-bit R/W A7D0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 162
DR0A Cursor Cursor Color 2-3 16/32-bit R/W ABD0-3 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 162
DR0B Cursor Cursor Position 16/32-bit R/W AFD0-3 x - - - - xxx xxxxxxxx x - - - - xxx xxxxxxxx 163
DR0C Cursor Cursor Base Address 16/32-bit R/W B3D0-3 -------- - - - - xxxx xxxxxx - - -------- 164
d = Set from the corresponding pin on falling edge of RESET • = Not implemented (read/write, reset to 0)
h = Read-only Hercules Configuration Register Readback bits 0/1 = Reset to 0 or 1 by falling edge of RESET
Revision 1.2 155 65540 / 545

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32-Bit Registers
BitBLT OFFSET REGISTER (DR00) BitBLT PATTERN ROP REGISTER (DR01)

Write at I/O Address 83D0–83D3h Write at I/O Address 87D0–87D3h
Read at I/O Address 83D0–83D3h Read at I/O Address 87D0–87D3h
Word or DoubleWord Accessible Word or DoubleWord Accessible
3128 27 16 1512 11 0 31 21 20 0
Source Offset
Pattern Pointer
Reserved(0)
Destination Offset
Reserved(0)
Reserved(0)
11–0 Source Offset 20–0 Pattern Pointer

This value is added to the start address of the Address of Pattern Size - aligned 8 Pixel x 8
Source BitBLT to calculate the starting line pattern. For an 8BPP pattern
position for the next line. (occupying 8 bits / pixel * 8 pixels / line * 8
lines / pattern) the pattern must be aligned on
15–12 Reserved (0) a 64 byte (16 DWord) boundary. For a
16BPP pattern (occupying 16bits / pixel * 8
27–16 Destination Offset pixels / line * 8 lines / pattern) the pattern
must be aligned on a 128byte (32 DWord)
This value is added to the start address of the boundary. For monochrome patterns (1 Bit
Destination BitBLT to calculate the starting / pixel * 8 pixels / line * 8 lines / pattern) the
position for the next line. pattern must be aligned on an 8 byte (2
DWord) boundary. The lower bits of the
31–28 Reserved (0) Pattern Pointer are read/write, however the
Drawing Engine forces them to zero for
drawing operations.
31–21 Reserved (0)
Warning: Do not read t his egister

while a BitBLT is active.
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32-Bit Registers
BitBLT BACKGROUND COLOR BitBLT FOREGROUND COLOR

REGISTER (DR02) REGISTER (DR03)
Write at I/O Address 8BD0–8BD3h Write at I/O Address 8FD0–8FD3h
Read at I/O Address 8BD0–8BD3h Read at I/O Address 8FD0–8FD3h
31 0 31 0
Background Color Foreground Color
15–0 Background Color 15–0 Foreground / Solid Color

This register contains the background color This register contains the color data used
data used during opaque mono-color expan- during solid paint operations. It also is used
sions. as the foreground color during mono-color
expansions.
All 16 bits must be written regardless of
pixel depth. If the drawing engine is All 16 bits must be written regardless of
operating at 8BPP, then the same data pixel depth. If the drawing engine is
should be duplicated in bits 31:24, 23:16, operating at 8BPP, then the same data
15:8, and 7:0. For 16BPP the data is dupli- should be duplicated in bits 31:24, 23:16,
cated twice. 15:8, and 7:0. For 16BPP the data is dupli-
cated twice.
31–16 Duplicate of 15-0
31–16 Duplicate of 15-0
Warning: Only bits 15-0 are used. They are Warning: Only bits 15-0 are used. They are
duplicated in bits 31-16 when this duplicated in bits 31-16 when this
register is read back by the CPU. register is read back by the CPU.
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32-Bit Registers
BitBLT CONTROL REGISTER (DR04) 12 Pattern Depth

Write at I/O Address 93D0–93D3h Selects between monochrome and color
Read at I/O Address 93D0–93D3h pattern data. This allows the pattern register
Word or DoubleWord Accessible to operate either as a full pixel depth 8x8
pattern for use by the ROP, or as an 8x8
monochromepattern:
31 27 23 20 19 16 15 87 0
0 Pattern is Color
1 Pattern is Monochrome
ROP
13 Background
The 65540 / 545 supports both transparent
INC_X, INC_Y and opaque backgrounds for monochrome
Source Data patterns and font expansion:
Source Depth 0 BG is Opaque (BG Color Reg DR02)
Pattern Depth 1 BG is Transparent (Unchanged)
Background 15–14 BitBLT Source / Destination
BitBLT Src/Dst
Pattern Seed The 65540 / 545 only supports its local
Solid Pattern display memory as the destination for
BitBLT Status BitBLT operations. The source may be
Reserved(0) either display memory or system memory
Buffer Status (CPU):
Reserved(0) 15 14 BitBLT Source ––> Dest
0 0 Screen ––> Screen (Dest)
0 1 System ––> Screen (Dest)
7–0 ROP 1 0 Reserved
1 1 Reserved
Raster Operation as defined by Microsoft
Windows. All logical operations of Source, 18–16 Pattern Seed
Pattern, and Destination Data are supported. Determines the starting row of the 8x8
8 INC_Y pattern for the current BitBLT. A pattern is
typically required to be destination aligned.
DeterminesBitBLTY-direction: The 65540 / 545 can determine the x-
0 Decrement (Bottom to Top) alignment from the destination address
1 Increment (Top to Bottom) however the y-alignment must be generated
by the programmer. These three bits
9 INC_X determine which row of the pattern is output
DeterminesBitBLTX-direction: on the first line of the BitBLT. Incrementing
and decrementing are controlled by bit
0 Decrement (Right to Left) DR04[8].
1 Increment (Left to Right)
19 Solid Pattern
10 Source Data 1 = Solid Pattern (Brush)
Selects variable data or color register data: 0 = Bitmap Pattern
1 Source is FG Color Reg (DR03) 20 BitBLT Status ( Read Only )
0 Source data selected by DR04[14] 0 BitBLT Engine Idle
11 Source Depth 1 BitBLT Active - do not write BitBLT
regs
Selects between monochrome and color
source data. This allows BitBLTs to either 23–21 Reserved (0)
transfer source data directly to the screen or 27–24 Buffer Status
perform a font expansion (INC_X=1 only): # of DWords that can be written to the chip:
0 Source is Color 0000 Buffer Full
1 Source is Mono (Font expansion) 0001 1 Space available in the queue
... ...
1111 15 Spaces available in the queue
Revision 1.2 158 65540 / 545

32-BitRegisters
BitBLT SOURCE REGISTER (DR05) BitBLT DESTINATION REGISTER (DR06)

Write at I/O Address 97D0–97D3h Write at I/O Address 9BD0–9BD3h
Read at I/O Address 97D0–97D3h Read at I/O Address 9BD0–9BD3h
31 21 20 0 31 21 20 0
SourceAddress Destination Addr
20–0 Source Address 20–0 DestinationAddress

Address of Byte aligned source block. Address of Byte aligned destination block.
31–21 Reserved (0) 31–21 Reserved (0)
Warning: Do not read this register Warning: Do not read this register
while a BitBLT is active. while a BitBLT is active.
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32-Bit Registers
BitBLT COMMAND REGISTER (DR07)

Write at I/O Address 9FD0–9FD3h
Read at I/O Address 9FD0–9FD3h
Word or DoubleWord Accessible
3128 27 16 1512 11 0
Bytes per Line
Reserved(0)
Lines per Block
Reserved(0)
11–0 Bytes Per Line

Number of bytes to be transferred per line

27–16 Lines Per Block
Height in lines of the block to be transferred
Warning: Do not attempt to perform a CPU

read/write to display memory while a
BitBLT is active.
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32-Bit Registers
CURSOR/POP-UPCONTROLREGISTER(DR08) 7-6 Test

Write at I/O Address A3D0–A3D3h 8 Pop-Up Menu Width
Read at I/O Address A3D0–A3D3h
Word or DoubleWord Accessible 0 One bpp. Menu width = 128 pixels.
This also forces a height of 128 lines.
CC0 and CC1 (DR09) determine
31 16 1512 1110 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 menu colors.
1 Two bpp. Menu width = 64 pixels.
Cursor Enable CC0-3 (DR09 and DR0A) determine
menu colors.
Resrvd (must be 0)
ULC Select 9 X Zoom (Manual)
0 No pixel replication.
Test 1 Replicate pixels in the horizontal
Pop-up Width direction. No pixel replication takes
X Zoom place in CRT interlace mode and for
Y Zoom 32x32 cursor.
Auto Zoom
10 Y Zoom (Manual)
Reserved(R/W)
0 No pixel replication.
Reserved(0) 1 Replicate pixels in the vertical
direction. No pixel replication takes
place in CRT mode and for 32x32
1-0 Cursor / Pop-Up Menu Enable cursor.
This bit enables the hardware cursor. The 11 Auto Zoom
cursor will be enabled/disabled in the frame
following the current active frame 0 Auto zoom off
(synchronized to vertical blank). 1 Replicate pixels in high resolution
modes. No pixel replication takes
00 Both Disabled place in CRT interlace mode and for
01 32x32 Cursor Enable 32x32 cursor.
10 64x64 Cursor Enable
11 Pop-Up Menu Enable 15–12 Reserved (R/W)
4–2 Reserved (R/W) 31–16 Reserved (0)
Must be programmed to 0.
Refer to the Functional Description section of this
5 Upper Left Corner ( ULC ) Select document for additional information on
programming of the Hardware Cursor feature.
The cursor is set relative to either the Upper
Left Corner (ULC) of the active display or
of the overscan region. When set relative to
the active display (BLANK#) the cursor will
not be visible in the overscan area. When
relative to Display Enable, the cursor may
appear in the overscan region. All x,y
positioning is relative to the selected ULC.
0 ULC is BLANK# (x=0, y=0 corre-
sponds to the top left of the panel)
1 ULC is Display Enable (x=0, y=0
corresponds to the top left of the
image)
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32-Bit Registers
CURSOR/POP-UPCOLOR0-1REGISTER(DR09) CURSOR/POP-UPCOLOR2-3REGISTER(DR0A)
Write at I/O Address A7D0–A7D3h Write at I/O Address ABD0–ABD3h
Read at I/O Address A7D0–A7D3h Read at I/O Address ABD0–ABD3h
31 27 26 21 20 16 15 11 10 5 4 0 31 27 26 21 20 16 15 11 10 5 4 0
CC0 - Blue CC2 - Blue
CC0 - Green CC2 - Green
CC0 - Red CC2 - Red
CC1 - Blue CC3 - Blue
CC1 - Green CC3 - Green
CC1 - Red CC3 - Red
Cursor Colors 0 and 1 are 16-bit high color values Cursor Colors 2 and 3 are 16-bit high color values
consisting of 5 bits of Red, 6 bits of Green, and 5 consisting of 5 bits of Red, 6 bits of Green, and 5
bits of Blue. Colors 0 and 1 may be accessed either bits of Blue. Colors 2 and 3 may be accessed either
as two 16-bit registers or as a single 32-bit register. as two 16-bit registers or as a single 32-bit register.
A write to this register immediately affects the cursor Colors 2 and 3 are only used when the Cursor is in
color displayed. Pop-Up Mode. A write to this register immediately
affects the cursor color displayed.
4–0 CC0 - Blue
4–0 CC2 - Blue
Cursor Color 0 Blue value
10–5 CC0 - Green
10–5 CC2 - Green
Cursor Color 0 Green value
15–11 CC0 - Red
15–11 CC2 - Red
Cursor Color 0 Red value
20–16 CC1 - Blue
20–16 CC3 - Blue
26–21 CC1 - Green
26–21 CC3 - Green
31–27 CC1 - Red
31–27 CC3 - Red
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32-Bit Registers
CURSOR/POP-UPPOSITIONREGISTER(DR0B) 26–16 Y Offset

Write at I/O Address AFD0–AFD3h Cursor Y-position. The cursor position is
Read at I/O Address AFD0–AFD3h calculated as the signed offset (in pixels)
Word or DoubleWord Accessible between the Upper Left Corner (ULC) of the
screen (as defined by BLANK#) and the
3130 27 26 16 1514 11 10 0
Upper Left Corner of the cursor. Y Offset is
the magnitude portion of the signed offset of
the cursor position in the vertical axis. This
magnitude in combination with the Y SIGN
X Offset bit (31) form the signed offset of the cursor
in the Y direction.
Reserved(0) The Y OFFSET and Y SIGN may be written
as a 16-bit quantity with bits 30-27 ignored.
X SIGN The range for the ULC of the cursor is:
–2047 <= Y-Position <= 2047
Y Offset
Reserved(0) 31 Y Sign
Sign associated with the Y OFFSET
Y SIGN magnitude which together form the signed
offset of the cursor in the Y direction.
10–0 X Offset In pop-up menu mode negative values are
Cursor X-position. The cursor position is not supported.
calculated as the signed offset (in pixels)
between the Upper Left Corner (ULC) of the
screen (as defined by BLANK#) and the
Upper Left Corner of the cursor. X Offset
is the magnitude portion of the signed offset
of the cursor position in the horizontal axis.
This magnitude in combination with the X
SIGN bit (15) form the signed offset of the
cursor in the X direction.
The X OFFSET and X SIGN may be
written as a 16-bit quantity with bits 14-11
ignored.
The range for the ULC of the cursor is:
–2047 <= X-Position <= 2047
15 X Sign
Sign associated with the X OFFSET
magnitude which together form the signed
offset of the cursor in the X direction.
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32-Bit Registers
CURSOR/POP-UP BASE ADDRESS (DR0C)

Write at I/O Address B3D0–B3D3h
Read at I/O Address B3D0–B3D3h
Word or DoubleWord Accessible
31 20 19 10 9 0
Reserved(0)
BaseAddress
Reserved(0)
9–0 Reserved (0)

19–10 Base Address
Base address for cursor / pop-up data in
display memory. Bit 10 (address lsb)
should be programmed to 0 when the
128x128 pop-up menu is being displayed.
Defines a byte address in display memory as
seen by the CPU.
Refer to the Functional Description section of this
document for additional information on
programming of the Hardware Cursor feature.
Revision 1.2 164 65540 / 545

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Functional Description
System Interface
Functional Blocks VL-Bus Interface

The 65540 / 545 contains 5 major functional blocks The 65540 / 545 operates as a 32-bit target on the
including the standard VGA core (Sequencer, VL-Bus. It has an optimized direct pin-to-pin
Attribute controller, Graphics Controller, and CRT connection for all VL-Bus signals to eliminate
Controller), a BitBLT engine (65545 only), external components. Up to 28 bits of the 32-bit VL-
Hardware Cursor (65545 only), Palette DAC, and Bus address may be decoded on-chip permitting
Clock Synthesizer. There are also other subsystems location of the linear frame buffer anywhere in a
such as the bus and memory interfaces which are 256MByte address space. Optionally, the upper 4
transparent to both the user and software address bits may be decoded externally to support the
programmer. While in standard VGA modes only full 32-bit, 4GB VL-Bus address space. Zero wait
the VGA core, Palette DAC, and clock synthesizer state read accesses are not permitted, however, the
are active. 65540 / 545 will terminate a read cycle in the second
T2 if the data is available. Burst cycles are not
Bus Interface supported.
Two major buses are directly supported by the 65540 Direct Processor Interface
and 65545: Industry Standard Architecture (ISA),
and VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus); the 65545 also The 65540 / 545 can interface directly to all 32-bit
supports the PCI Bus. Direct interfaces to popular x86-architecture processors. Its full non-multiplexed
80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486SX, and 80386DX 28-bit address makes it simple to connect to the
processors are supported by both chips. Connection CPU. On valid 65540 / 545 accesses it will generate
to 16-bit PI bus and other 32-bit system buses such LDEV# which is monitored by the system logic
as EISA and Micro Channel (MC) are possible with controller. This interface is essentially the same as
external logic but are not inherently supported. the VL-Bus interface with the exception that both 1x
and 2x CPU clocks are acceptable. When using a 2x
ISA Interface clock the CPU Reset must be connected to the 65540
The 65540 / 545 operates as a 16-bit slave device on / 545 CRESET input for phase coherency. The
the ISA bus. It maps its display memory into the 65540 / 545 does not support pipelined mode in its
standard VGA address range (0A0000-0BFFFFh). 386 processor interface.
The VGA BIOS ROM is decoded in the 32KByte PCI Interface
space at 0C0000-0C7FFFh (an output is available on
the ROMCS# pin for ROM chip selection). Address The 65545 also supports a full 32-bit PCI bus
lines LA23:17 are required for decoding MEMCS16# interface as defined by PCI Interface Specification
hence these addresses are latched internally by ALE. Revision 2.0. All features required of a non-bus-
The remaining addresses (SA16:0) are accepted from master 'target' device are implemented on-chip with
the system without internal latching. The 65540 / no external glue logic required. Read/Write cycles
545 supports 16-bit memory and I/O cycles. are supported for Memory, I/O, and Configuration
Whenever possible the 65540 / 545 executes zero address spaces. Burst accesses are not supported.
wait state memory cycles by asserting ZWS#. It Interrupt capability is provided for vertical interrupts.
does not generate MEMCS16# or ZWS# on ROM
accesses. Memory may be mapped as a single linear Refer to the PCI Pin Descriptions and Configuration
frame buffer anywhere in the 16 MByte ISA memory Registers sections for further information.
space on a 512K/1MByte boundary (depending on
the amount of display memory installed - see
XR0B[4]). The 16-bit bus extension signals
MEMR# and MEMW# are used for memory control
since mapping above the 1MByte boundary is
permitted. For ISA compatibility the IRQ pin
operates as an active high level-triggered interrupt.
Revision 1.2 165 65540 / 545

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Display Memory Interface
Memory Architecture memory data bus of the 65540 / 545 to traditional

VGA 'plane' concepts. For example, text data is still
The 65540 / 545 supports both 512K and 1MB stored in 'plane' 0, attribute data in 'plane' 1, and
configurations for display memory plus an additional font data in 'plane' 2, but due to the extensive use of
512K for an optional external frame buffer. Frame page-mode cycles and the use of a single address bus
buffering is required for support of simultaneous for display memory data, where those planes are
display on CRTs and DD panels, however, the physically located in the DRAMs is much different.
65540 / 545 has the ability to embed frame buffer
data in display memory. Since this uses some of the In addition, the 65540 / 545 make extensive use of
available memory bandwidth, the 65540 / 545 also internal FIFOs to improve performance. As a result
supports an additional DRAM for use as an external the read / write activity on the DRAM interface pins
frame buffer for improved performance. at any point in time corresponds only approximately
to system bus and CRT / panel output activity at that
The 65540 / 545 implements a 32-bit wide data bus time.
for display memory and 16-bit for the optional
external frame buffer. The memory data buses are Memory Chip Requirements
named 'A', 'B', and 'C' in groups of 16 bits. 'A'
holds the lower 512K of display memory, 'B' The 65540 / 545 is designed to use 256K x 4 or
normally holds the upper 512K of display memory in 256K x 16 DRAMs. Fast-page-mode capability is
1MB configurations and 'C' is normally used for the required. Either 'CAS-Before-RAS' or 'Self-
external frame buffer (if used). The chip may, Refresh' DRAMs may be used. Both dual-CAS#
however, be optionally programmed to put the upper (default) and dual-WE# types of 256Kx16 DRAMs
half of display memory in DRAM 'C' instead (i.e., are supported. DRAMs with 'symmetrical' address
'C' may be programmed to hold either display inputs (A0-8) are supported by default, but the chip
memory or external frame buffer data). When an can be configured to support 'asymmetrical' address
external frame buffer is not required, 'C' may also be (A0-9) DRAMs. The BIOS can test the DRAMs to
used as an input port for external video data (to detect the type of DRAM used and program the chip
implement overlay of live video over VGA output for accordingly.
example) and to provide additional panel interface
data bits beyond the basic 16 (for TFT panels with The 65540 / 545 can generate Page Mode Read, Page
18-bit or 24-bit data interfaces since TFT panels are Mode Write, and Page Mode Read-Modify-Write
single panels and never require frame buffering). cycles. CAS-before-RAS Refresh and Self-Refresh
cycles are also supported. The memory interface is
There are separate groups of RAS, CAS, and WE optimized for 40ns page mode cycles but is flexible
pins for each of the three DRAMs (A, B, and C). and can be tuned for any speed DRAM.
There are only two OE pins and two address buses
however, one for A and B and another for C. The 65540 / 545 supports various DRAM speeds.
Configuration initialization data is latched from The maximum frequency of the 65540 / 545 is 75
memory address pins AA0-8 (the address bus for MHz. The recommended maximum memory clock
DRAMs A and B) at the end of reset. These bits are frequency for various DRAM based on commonly
readable in XR01[0-7] and XR6C[1] respectively. available DRAM specifications is as follows:
The 65540 and 65545 support all VGA text and DRAM Speed Memory Clock Frequency*
graphics modes (planar, packed pixel, odd/even 100 ns 50.000 MHz
chain modes, etc.) but the storage locations of the 80 ns 57.000 MHz
data (i.e., the locations and bit positions in the 70 ns 65.000 MHz
DRAMs) does not correspond to the original VGA
which implemented 256KB of display memory as 4 * DRAM AC timing parameters varies among
physical 'planes' of 64KB (using two 64Kx4 different DRAM manufacturers therefore please
DRAMs to implement each 'plane' with separate check with DRAM specifications and 65540 / 545
address buses for planes 0-1 and 2-3). In other memory timing.
words, no assumptions should be made regarding
the correspondence of the data pins on the display
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Clock Synthesizer
An integrated clock synthesizer supports all pixel Specifications for maximum frequencies at 3.3V and
clock (VCLK) and memory clock (MCLK) 5V (the maximum frequency at 3.3V will be slightly
frequencies which may be required by the 65540 / lower). Normal MCLK operational frequencies are
545. Each of the two clock synthesizer phase lock defined by the display memory sequencer parameters
loops may be programmed to output frequencies described in the Memory Timing section. The
ranging between 1MHz and the maximum specified frequency selected is also dependent upon the AC
operating frequency for that clock in increments not characteristics of the display memories connected to
exceeding 0.5%. The frequencies are generated by the 65540 / 545. A typical match is between industry
an 18-bit divisor word. This value contains divisor standard 70ns access memories and a 65MHz
fields for the Phase Lock Loop (PLL), Voltage MCLK. The MCLK output defaults to 60MHz on
Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and Pre/Post Divide reset and is fully programmable. This initial value is
Control blocks. The divisor word for both conservative enough not to violate slow DRAM
synthesizers is programmable via Clock Control parameters but not so slow as to cause a system
Registers XR30-32. timeout on CPU accesses. The MCLK frequency
must always equal or exceed the host clock (CCLK)
MCLK Operation frequency.
Normal operational frequencies for MCLK are
between 50MHz and 68MHz. Refer to the Electrical
VCLKRegisterTable
VGA CLK0 = 25.175MHz
21
VGA CLK1 = 28.322MHz VCLK Synthesizer
CLK2 = Programmable
XR32:30
MCLKRegisterTable
21
MCLK = Programmable MCLK Synthesizer
CLKSEL1:0
MISC Output Reg[3:2]
Clock Synthesizer Register Structure
XR30[0] 1
Reference PSN Phase Charge CLK

7 ÷N Detector Pump VCO ÷2 P
XR32[6:0]
Internal
Loop Filter
7 ÷4M
XR31[6:0]
3
XR30[3:1]
post-VCO divider select
Phase-Locked Loop Oscillator
Clock Synthesizer PLL Block Diagram
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VCLK Operation Programming Constraints

The VCLK output typically ranges between 19MHz There are five primary programming constraints the
and 65MHz. VCLK has a table of three frequencies programmer must be aware of:
from which to select a frequency. This is required 4 MHz ≤ FREF ≤ 20 MHz
for VGA compatibility. CLK0 and CLK1 are fixed
at the VGA compatible frequencies of 25.175MHz 150 KHz ≤ F REF/(PSN * N) ≤ 2 MHz
and 28.322MHz respectively. These values can not 48 MHz < FVCO ≤ 220 MHz
be changed unlike CLK2 which is fully program- 3 ≤ M ≤ 127
mable. The active frequency is chosen by clock
select bits MSR[3:2]. 3 ≤ N ≤ 127
Programming the Clock Synthesizer The constraints have to do with trade-offs between
optimum speed with lowest noise, VCO stability,
The desired output frequency is defined by an 18-bit and factors affecting the loop equation.
value programmed in XR30-32. The 65540 / 545 has
two programmable clock synthesizers; one for The value of FVCO must remain between 48 MHz
memory (MCLK) and one for video (VCLK). They and 220 MHz inclusive. Therefore, for output
are both programmed by writing the divisor values to frequencies below 48 MHz, FVCO must be brought
XR30-32. The clock to be programmed is selected into range by using the post-VCO Divisor.
by the Clock Register Program Pointer XR33[5]. To avoid crosstalk between the VCO's, the VCO
The output frequency of each of the clock synthe-
sizers is based on the reference frequency (FREF) and frequencies should not be within 0.5% of each other
the 4 programmed fields: nor should their harmonics be within 0.5% of the
other's fundamental frequency.
Field # Bits The 65540 / 545 clock synthesizers will seek the
Prescale N (PSN) XR30[0] (÷1 or ÷4) new frequency as soon as it is loaded following a
Mcounter(M') XR31[6:0] (M' = M - 2) write to XR32. Any change in the post-divisor will
N counter (N’) XR32[6:0] (N' = N - 2) take affect immediately. There is a possibility that
Post Divisor (P) XR30[3:1] (÷2P; 0 ≤ P ≤ 5) the output may glitch during this transition of post
divide values. Because of this, the programmer may
wish to hold the post-divisor value constant across a
FREF * 4 * M range of frequencies (eg. changing MCLK from the
FOUT = reset value of 50MHz to 72MHz). There is also the
PSN * N * 2 P
consideration of changing from a low frequency
VCO value with a post-divide ÷1 (eg. 50MHz) to a
The frequency of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator high frequency ÷4 (eg. 220MHz). Although the
(FVCO) is determined by these fields as follows: beginning and ending frequencies are close together,
the intermediate frequencies may cause the 65540 /
FVCO = FREF * 4 * M 545 to fail in some environments. In this example
PSN * N there will be a short-lived time frame during which
the output frequency will be in the neighborhood of
where F REF = Reference frequency (between 4 MHz 12.5MHz. The bus interface may not function
- 20 MHz; typically 14.31818 MHz) correctly if the MCLK frequency falls below a
certain value. Register and memory accesses which
Note: If a reference frequency other than 14.31818 are synchronized to MCLK may be so slow as to
MHz is used, then the frequencies loaded on violate bus timing and cause a watchdog timer error.
RESET will not be correct. Programmers should time-out the system (CPU) for
approximately 10ms after writing XR32 before
P Post Divisor accessing the VGA again. This will ensure that
000 1 accesses do not occur to the VGA while the clocks
001 2 are in an indeterminate state.
010 4
011 8 Note: On reset the MCLK is initialized to a 60MHz
100 16 output with a post divisor = 2 (FVCO = 120MHz).
101 32
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Programming Example PCB Layout Considerations

The following is an example of the calculations Clock synthesizers, like most analog components,
which are performed: must be isolated from the digital noise which exists
on a PCB power plane. Care must be taken not to
Derive the proper programming word for a 25.175 route any high frequency digital signals in close
MHz output frequency using a 14.31818 MHz refer- proximity to the analog sections. Inside the
ence frequency: 65540/545, the clocks are physically located in the
Since 25.175 MHz < 48 MHz, double it to 50.350 lower left corner of the chip surrounded by low
MHz to get FVCO in its valid range. Set the post frequency input and output pins. This helps
divide field (P) to 001. minimize both internally and externally coupled
noise.
Prescaling PSN = 4 The memory clock and video clock power pins on
the 65540/545 each require similar RC filtering to
The result: isolate the synthesizers from the VCC plane and
FVCO = 50.350 = (14.31818 x 4 x M/4 x N) from each other. The filter circuit for each CVCCn /
CGNDn pair is shown below:
M/N = 3.51655
+5V
Several choices for M and N are available: 10Ω
CVCCn
M N FVCO Error
0.1µF 47µF 0.1µF
109 31 50.344 -0.00300
102 29 50.360 +0.00500 CGNDn
GND
Choose (M, N) = (109,31) for best accuracy.
The suggested method for layout assumes a multi-
Prescaling PSN = 1 layer board including VCC and GND planes. All
ground connections should be made as close to the
The result: pin / component as possible. The CVCC trace
should route from the 65540/545 throughthepads of
FVCO = 50.350 = (14.31818 x 4 x M/1 x N) the filter components. The trace should NOT be
M/N = 0.879127 connected to the filter components by a stub. All
components (particularly the initial 0.1µF capacitor)
M N FVCO Error should be placed as close as possible to the
80 91 50.349 -0.00050 65540/545.
A19
GND
FREF/(PSN x N) = 157.3KHz VCC
A20
GND A21
Therefore M/N = 80/91 with PSN = 1 is even better C2 A22
than with PSN = 4. C1 R1 C3 GND
CGND0
XTALI
XR30 = 0000010b (02h) XTALO
XR31 = 80 - 2 = 78 (4Eh) GND CVCC0
XR32 = 91 - 2 = 89 (59h) CVCC1
RESET#
CGND1
R2 C6 GND
NOTE: Do
C5 VCC
not connect
Vcc here.
Force the VCC
trace GND
through the C4
Designator Value decoupling GND
C7
C1,C3,C4,C6,C7 0.1µF cap pad. GND
C2,C5 47µF
R1,R2 10Ω
Always pass the Vcc trace through the decoupling cap pad. Do not leave a stub as shown here.
Revision 1.2 169 65540 / 545

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VGA Color Palette DAC
The 65540 / 545 integrates a VGA compatible triple RDY in the ISA configuration and by delaying
6-bit lookup table (LUT) and high speed 6/8-bit LRDY# for VL-Bus and direct processor interfaces.
DACs. Additionally the internal color palette DAC
supports true-color bypass modes displaying color For compatibility with the VL-Bus Specification the
depths up to 24bpp (8-8-8). The palette DAC can 65540 / 545 may be disabled from responding to
switch between true-color data and LUT data on a palette writes (although it will perform them) so that
pixel by pixel basis. Thus, video overlays may be an adapter card on a slow (ISA) bus which is
any arbitrary shape and can lie on any pixel shadowing the palette LUT may see the access. The
boundary. The hardware cursor is also a true-color 65540 / 545 always responds to palette read accesses
bitmap which may overlay both video and graphics so it is still possible for the shadowing adapter to
on any pixel boundary. become out of phase with the internal modulo-3
RGB pointer. It is presumed that this will not be a
The internal palette DAC register I/O addresses and problem with well-behaved software.
functionality are 100% compatible with the VGA
standard. In all bus interfaces the palette DAC Extended display modes may be selected in the
automatically controls accesses to its registers to Palette Control Register (XR06). Two 16bpp
avoid data overrun. This is accomplished by holding formats are supported: 5-5-5 Targa format and 5-6-5
XGA format.
HighColorPixelData Red
Hardware Cursor 24
Triple
ExternalRGBVideo 6/8-bit Green
(565, 666, or 888) DAC
Blue
8 Triple6-bit 18
LUTPixelData LUT
VGA Color Palette DAC Data Flow
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BitBLT Engine ( 65545 only )
Bit Block Transfer destination screen widths are independently program-

mable. This permits expansion of a compressed off-
The 65545 integrates a Bit Block Transfer (BitBLT) screen bitmap transparent to the software driver. The
Engine which is optimized for operation in a BitBLT Control Register (DR04) uses the same
Microsoft Windows environment. The BitBLT raster-op format as the Microsoft Windows ROP so
engine supports system-to-screen and screen-to- no translation is required. All 256 Windows defined
screen memory data transfers. It handles ROPs are available.
monochrome to color data expansion using either
system or screen data sources. Color depths of 8 All possible overlaps of source and destination data
and 16bpp are supported in the expansion logic. are handled by controlling the direction of the
Integrated with the screen and system BitBLT data BitBLT in the x and y directions. As shown below
streams is a 3-operand raster-op (ROP) block. This there are eight possible directions for a screen-to-
ROP block includes an independent 8x8 pixel (mono screen BitBLT (no change in position is a subset of
or color) pattern. Color depths of 8 and 16bpp are all eight). Software must determine the overlap, if
supported by the pattern array. All possible logical any, and set the INC_X and INC_Y bits accord-
combinations of Source (system or screen data), ingly. This is only critical if the source and desti-
Destination (screen data), and Pattern data are nation actually overlap. For most BitBLTs this will
available. not be the case. In BitBLTs where INC_X is a
'don't care' it should be set to 1 (proceed from left to
The BitBLT and ROP subsystems have been archi- right). This will increase the performance in some
tected for compatibility with the standard Microsoft cases.
Windows BitBLT parameter block. The source and
Source Source Source
Dest Dest Dest
INC_X = X; INC_Y = 0 INC_X = X; INC_Y = 0 INC_X = X; INC_Y = 0
Arrows indicate
Source Dest
appropriate direction for Dest Source
BitBLT progression so
that destination overlap
does not corrupt data.
INC_X = 0; INC_Y = X INC_X = 1; INC_Y = X
Dest Dest Dest
Source Source Source
INC_X = X; INC_Y = 1 INC_X = X; INC_Y = 1 INC_X = X; INC_Y = 1
Possible BitBLT Orientations With Overlap
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Sample Screen-to-Screen Transfer The Pattern ROP Register does not need to be
programmed since there is no pattern involved.
Below is an example of how a screen-to-screen Neither the Foreground Color nor Background Color
BitBLT operation is traditionally performed. The Register has to be programmed since this does not
source and destination blocks both appear on the involve a color expansion or rectangle solid color
visible region of the screen and have the same paint. The BitBLT Control Register contains the
dimensions. The BitBLT is to be a straight source most individual fields to be set:
copy with no raster operation. The memory address
space is 2MBytes and display resolution is 1024 x ROP = Source Copy = 0CCh
768. The size of the block to be transferred is 276 INC_Y = 0 (Bottom to Top)
horizontal x 82 vertical pixels (114h x 52h). The INC_X = 1 (Left to Right)
coordinates of the upper left corner (ULC) of the Source Data = Variable Data = 0
source block is 25h,30h. The ULC coordinates of Source Depth = Source is Color = 0
the destination block are 157h,153h. Because the Pattern Depth = Don't Care = 0
source and destination blocks do not overlap, the Background = Don't Care = 0
INC_X and INC_Y BitBLT direction bits are not BitBLT = Screen-to-Screen = 00
important. We will assume that INC_X = 1, Pattern Seed = Don't Care = 000
INC_Y = 0, and the BitBLT will proceed one scan
line at a time from the lower left corner of the source BitBLT Control Register (DR04) = 002CCh
moving to the right and then from the bottom to the
top. Since the BitBLT will be starting in the lower left
The source and destination offsets are both the same corner (LLC) of the source rectangle, the start
as the screen width (400h): address for the source data is calculated as:
BitBLT Offset Register (DR00) = 04000400h
400h (1024)
25h,30h 1FFFFFh 020538h
Off-Screen Line 52h
114h 020425h
52h Source Memory
0C0000h
138h,81h
300h 157h,153h
(768) 06926Ah
Destination
Dest
26Ah, 1A4h 054D57h
020538h 00C938h
Source Line 3
00C025h 00C825h
000000h
2EDh
1024 x 768 x 8BPP 400h
00C538h
Line 2
00C425h
00C138h
Line 1
00C025h
Screen-to-Screen BitBLT
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(81h * 400h) + 25h = 020425h determine when the BitBLT is finished so that
BitBLT Source Register (DR05) = 020425h another BitBLT may be issued. No reads or writes
of the display memory by the CPU are permitted
Similarly, the LLC of the destination register calcu- while the BitBLT engine is active.
lated as:
In the present example the BitBLT source and desti-
(1A4h * 400H) + 157h = 069157h nation blocks have the same width as the display. As
can be seen below each scan line is transferred from
BitBLT Destination Register (DR06) = 069157h source to destination. Alignment is handled by the
BitBLT engine without assistance from software.
To begin any BitBLT the Command Register must be
written. This register contains key information about Compressed Screen-to-Screen Transfer
the size of the current BitBLT which must be written Next we consider an example of how a screen-to-
for all BitBLT operations: screen BitBLT operation is performed when the
source and destination blocks have different widths
Lines per Block = 52h (pitch). This type of BitBLT is commonly used to
Bytes per line = 114h (Current example 8bpp) store bitmaps efficiently in offscreen memory or
when recovering a saved bitmap from offscreen
Command Register (DR07) = 00520114h memory.
After the Command Register (XR07) is written the The 65545 display memory consists of a single linear
BitBLT engine performs the requested operation. frame buffer. The number of bytes per scan line and
The status of the BitBLT operation may be read in lines displayed changes with resolution and pixel
DR04[20] (read only bit). This is necessary to depth. For simplification, the concepts of pixels,
1FFFFFh 020538h 06926Ah 1FFFFFh

Line 52h Line 52h Off-Screen
Off-Screen
020425h 069157h Memory
Memory
0C0000h 0C0000h
069269h 069269h
Dest Dest
054D57h 054D57h
020538h 00C938h 05566Ah 020538h

Source Line 3 Line 3 Source
00C025h 00C825h 055557h 00C025h
000000h 000000h
2EDh
400h
00C538h 05526Ah
Line 2 Line 2
00C425h 055157h
00C138h 054E6Ah
Line 1 Line 1
00C025h 054D57h
BitBLT Data Transfer
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lines, and columns are foreign to the BitBLT engine. moving to the right and then from the top to the
Instead, the 65545 operates on groups of bytes bottom.
(rows) which are separated by the width of the
screen. The 65545 permits separation between the The source offset is the same as the screen width
row lengths to be different for source and destination (400h) and the destination offset is the same as the
bitmaps. For efficient use of offscreen memory we source block width (114h):
may assume that the "width" of the screen is the BitBLT Offset Register (DR00) = 01140400h
same as the width of the data.
The Pattern ROP Register does not need to be
Below is an example of how a screen-to-screen programmed since there is no pattern involved.
BitBLT operation is performed with the destination Neither the Foreground Color nor Background Color
data efficiently compressed into the offscreen area. Register has to be programmed since there is no
The reverse operation is also valid to recreate the color expansion. The BitBLT Control Register
original block on the visible screen. Once again the contains the following bit fields:
BitBLT is to be a straight source copy with the
source block in the same location as the previous ROP = Source Copy = 0CCh
example. The destination block is to be located INC_Y = 1 (Top to Bottom)
beginning at the first byte of off-screen memory. INC_X = 1 (Left to Right)
Because the source and destination blocks do not Source Data = Variable Data = 0
overlap the INC_X and INC_Y BitBLT direction bits Source Depth = Source is Color = 0
are not important. We will assume that INC_X = 1, Pattern Depth = Don't Care = 0
INC_Y = 1 and the BitBLT will proceed one scan Background = Don't Care = 0
line at a time from the upper left corner of the source BitBLT = Screen --> Screen = 00
1FFFFFh 020538h 1FFFFFh

Line 52h
020425h
Off-Screen Off-Screen
Memory Memory
0C5867h
Line 52h
0C5754h
Dest Dest
0C0000h 0C0000h
Source Source
020538h 00C938h 0C0336h 020538h
Line 3 Line 3 Source
00C025h 00C825h 0C0228h 00C025h
0C0227h Line 2
000000h 0C0114h 000000h
2EDh 0C0113h Line 1
400h 0C0000h
00C538h
Line 2 Destination
00C425h
00C138h
Line 1
00C025h
Source
Differential Pitch BitBLT Data Transfer
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Pattern Seed = Don't Care = 000 will be recognized as BitBLT source data and will be
routed to the correct address by the BitBLT engine.
BitBLT Control Register (DR04) = 003CCh This enables the programmer to set up a destination
Since the BitBLT will be beginning in the ULC of pointer into the video address window (doubleword
the source rectangle, the start address for the source aligned) and simply perform a REP MOVSD. Any
data is calculated as: unused data in the last word/doubleword write will
be discarded by the BitBLT Engine.
(30h * 400h) + 25h = 0C025h
BitBLT Source Register (DR05) = 0C025h For system-to-screen monochrome (font) expansions
the data is handled on a scanline by scanline basis.
Similarly, the ULC of the destination register calcu- As with the system-to-screen BitBLT with ROP, this
lated as (Number of scan lines * Bytes per scan line): type of transfer uses the 2 LSbits of the source
address register to determine the beginning byte
300h * 400h = 0C0000h index into the first doubleword. On subsequent
scanlines the source offset register is added to the
BitBLT Destination Register (DR06) = 0C0000h current scanline byte index to determine the indexing
for the start of the next scan line. Monochrome data
As in the previous example the Command Register is taken from bit 7 through bit 0, byte 0 through 3
must be written to begin the BitBLT. This register and expanded left to right in video memory (NOTE:
contains the size of the current BitBLT which must monochrome source only supports left to right
be written for all BitBLT operations: operation). At the end of the first scanline any
remaining data in the active doubleword is flushed
Lines per Block = 52h and the byte pointer for the starting byte in the next
Bytes per line = 114h (Current example 8bpp) doubleword (for the next scanline) is calculated by
adding 2 LSbits of the source offset to the starting
Command Register (DR07) = 00520114h byte position in the previous scanline. Monochrome
expansion then continues bit 7 through 0 incre-
System-to-Screen BitBLTs menting byte (after byte 3 bit 0 a new doubleword
begins at byte 0: bit 7) until the scanline is complete.
When performing a system-to-screen BitBLT the Note that the number of bytes programmed into the
source rotation information is passed in the BitBLT Command register references the number of
Source Address and Source Offset registers. The 2 expanded bytes written; not the number of bytes to
LSbits of the Source Address register indicate the be expanded.
alignment. For example if the system data resides at
system address 0413456h then the processor pointer
should be set to 0413454h (doubleword aligned) and
the Source address register is written with xxxxx2h.
When the end of the scan line is reached (the number
of bytes programmed in the Command Register have
been written) any remaining bytes in the last
doubleword written to the 65545 are discarded. The
2 LSbits of the Source Offset Register are then added
to the 2 LSbits of the Source Address Register to
determine the starting byte alignment for the first
doubleword of the next scanline. This process is
continued until all scanlines are completed. The most
common case will be a doubleword aligned bitmap in
system memory in which case the 2 Lbits of the
Source Address Register are zero. It is also common
for bitmaps to be stored with each scanline
doubleword aligned (Source Offset Register =
xxxxx0h). Once the Command Register is written
and the BitBLT operation has begun the 65545 will
wait for data to be sent to its memory address space.
Any write to a valid 65545 memory address, either in
the VGA space or linear address space if enabled,
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Hardware Cursor ( 65545 only )
The 65545 supports four types of cursors: Cursor Data Array Format and Layout
32 x 32 x 2bpp (and/xor) Cursor data is stored in display memory as shown:
64 x 64 x 2bpp (and/xor)
64 x 64 x 2bpp (4-color) 32x32 2bpp Cursor
128 x 128 x 1bpp (2-color) Offset Line Plane 0 Plane 1 Plane 2 Plane 3
000h 0 A7-0 X7-0 A15-8 X15-8
The first two hardware cursor types indicated as 004h 0 A23-16 X23-16 A31-24 X31-24
'and/xor' above follow the MS Windows™ 008h 1 A7-0 X7-0 A15-8 X15-8
AND/XOR cursor data plane structure which 00Ch 1 A23-16 X23-16 A31-24 X31-24
provides for two colors plus 'transparent' ... ... ... ... ... ...
(background color) and 'inverted' (background color 0FCh 31 A23-16 X23-16 A31-24 X31-24
inverted). The last two types in the list above are 64x64 2bpp Cursor / Pop-Up
also referred to as 'Pop-Ups' because they are
typically used to implement pop-up menu Offset Line Plane 0 Plane 1 Plane 2 Plane 3
capabilities. Hardware cursor / pop-up data is stored 000h 0 A7-0 X7-0 A15-8 X15-8
in display memory, allowing multiple cursor values 004h 0 A23-16 X23-16 A31-24 X31-24
to be stored and selected rapidly. The two or four 008h 0 A39-32 X39-32 A47-40 X47-40
colors specified by the values in the hardware cursor 00Ch 0 A55-48 X55-48 A63-56 X63-56
data arrays are stored in on-chip registers as high- 010h 1 A7-0 X7-0 A15-8 X15-8
014h 1 A23-16 X23-16 A31-24 X31-24
color (5-6-5) values independent of the on-chip color ... ... ... ... ... ...
lookup tables (i.e., Attribute Controller and VGA 3FCh 63 A55-48 X55-48 A63-56 X63-56
Color Palette).
128x128 1bpp Pop-Up
The hardware cursor can overlay either graphics or
video data on a pixel by pixel basis. It may be Offset Line Plane 0 Plane 1 Plane 2 Plane 3
positioned anywhere within screen resolutions up to 000h 0 P7-0 P15-8 P23-16 P31-24
2048x2048 pixels. 64x64 'and/xor' cursors may 004h 0 P39-32 P47-40 P55-48 P63-56
008h 0 P71-64 P79-72 P87-80 P95-88
also be optionally doubled in size to 128 pixels either 00Ch 0 P103-96 P111-104 P119-112 P127-120
horizontally and/or vertically by pixel replication. 010h 1 P7-0 P15-8 P23-16 P31-24
Hardware cursor screen position, type, color, and 014h 1 P39-32 P47-40 P55-48 P63-56
base address of the cursor data array in display ... ... ... ... ... ...
7FCh 127 P103-96 P111-104 P119-112 P127-120
memory may be controlled via the 32-bit 'DR'
extension registers. A7/X7 is the left-most pixel of the cursor pattern
displayed on the screen for all cursor types. Note
Hardware Cursor Programming that 32x32 cursors take up 256 bytes each (the upper
3/4 of the 1KB space allocated for each cursor
Once the 32-bit extension registers are enabled storage location in display memory is unused).
(XR03[1]=1), the cursor registers (DR08-DR0C) 128x128 cursors (pop-ups) take up 2KB each, so
may be accessed. DR08 controls the cursor type and require A10 of the base address to be set to 0.
X/Y zoom (H/V pixel replication). It also enables the
hardware cursor to appear on the screen. DR09 and Cursor data array elements map as follows:
DR0A specify up to four 16-bit RGB (5-6-5) cursor
color values. DR0B specifies the cursor position on Ann Xnn And/Xor Type 4-Color Type
screen in X-Y coordinates (number of pixels from 0 0 Color 0 Color 0
the left and top edges of the addressable portion of 0 1 Color 1 Color 1
the display). DR0C specifies the address in display 1 0 Transparent Color 2
memory where the cursor data array is stored. A 10- 1 1 Inverted Color 3
bit base address may be specified allowing cursor where colors 0 and 1 are defined by DR09 and colors
data patterns to be stored in any of 1024 different 2 and 3 are defined by DR0A. Each pixel in 2-color
locations in the maximum 1MB of display memory. (1bpp) cursors (pop-ups) may be either color 0 or
Each cursor storage area takes up 1024 bytes of color 1.
display memory which is exactly large enough to
hold a 64x64x2 cursor pattern.
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Display Memory Base Address Formation Copying Cursor Data to Display Memory
The address bits in the cursor base address register Once the base address for the cursor data pattern in
DR0C are aligned so they are in the proper position display memory has been determined and the VGA
corresponding to the CPU address required to write has been properly programmed, the cursor data
to display memory. However, there are two pattern may be copied from system memory to
methods of addressing display memory, VGA-style display memory. The following program sequence
and 'Linear Frame Buffer' style, so the actual CPU shows an example of one method which may be
address for loading a cursor data array must be used:
constructed differently depending on the addressing
method used. If VGA addressing is used, the lower es:edi = display memory base address for cursor
16-bits of DR0C may be used as an offset into the ds:si = address of AND array in system memory
64KB VGA address space (starting at either ds:bx = address of XOR array in system memory
0A0000h or 0B0000h depending on whether the MOV AL, [SI+1]
VGA is set for text mode or graphics mode). DR0C MOV AH, [BX+1]
bits 16-19 would then be used to control the VGA's SHL EAX,16
paging mechanism to set the 64KB CPU aperture MOV AL, [SI]
into display memory to the correct location for MOV AH, [BX]
storing the cursor pattern (see XR0B, XR10, and STOSD
XR11). If 'linear frame buffer' addressing is used,
the entire 1MB of display memory can be accessed Setting the Cursor Position, Type, and Base Address
directly and the base value in DR0C may be used
directly as a 24-bit offset into a programmable 1MB Following storage of the cursor data array in display
space in system memory (specified in the Linear memory, the location of the cursor in display
Addressing Base register XR08). memory is set via the Cursor Base Address register
(DR0C) and the X-Y coordinates for positioning the
VGA Controller Programming cursor are written to the Cursor Position Register
In order to copy the cursor data pattern to the (DR0B). The cursor type and X/Y zoom (H/V pixel
controller, the VGA controller must be properly replication) factors are then set and the cursor
programmed for 32-bit direct access to all 4 planes. enabled via the Cursor Control Register (DR08).
Proper programming for the controller consists of To update the cursor position, a 32-bit write (or two
putting the controller in either 'text' or 'graphics' 16-bit writes) are performed to the Cursor Position
mode and then setting the following registers as Register (DR0B). This new position will take effect
indicated: on the next frame (synchronized to VSync).
SR04 =0Eh Sequencer Memory Mode When the cursor changes shape, it should normally
SR02 =0Fh Sequencer Plane Mask be disabled, reprogrammed as described above, and
GR05 =00h Graphics Controller Mode then re-enabled. Alternately, a new shape may be
GR06 =04h (text mode) Graphics Controller Misc stored in a different location in display memory, the
=05h (gr mode) Graphics Controller Misc cursor screen XY location updated (via DR0B), then
XR0B =x5h Paging Control the new cursor selected as the active cursor (by
This sets up the VGA controller to allow 32-bit direct reprogramming the base register DR0C). Cursor
access to all 4 planes of all 1MB of display memory base register changes are also synchronized to VSync
in a linear fashion. It also sets the VGA memory to avoid glitching of the cursor on the display.
aperture to a 64KB space at 0A0000h independent of
initial graphics or text mode settings.
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Flat Panel Timing
Flat Panel Timing
Overview Panel Size

A number of extension registers in the 65540 / 545 The horizontal panel size register (XR1C) is an 8-bit
control the panel interface, including the functions of register programmed with panel width (minus one)
the interface pins and the timing sequences produced in units of 8-pixel characters (e.g., a 640x480 panel
for compatibility with various types of panels. Some is 80 'characters' wide so XR1C would be
key registers of interest for panel interfacing are: programmed with 79 decimal). The vertical panel
size register is programmed with the panel height
XR1C H Panel Size (# of characters – 1) (minus one) in scan lines (independent of single or
XR68 V Panel Size (# of scan lines – 1) bits 0-7 dual panel type). The programmed value is 10 bits
(XR65[1]=Vsize bit-8, XR65[6]=bit-9) in size with the 8 lsbs in XR68 and the overflow in
XR4F Panel Format 2 (Bits/pixel,M/LP function) XR65 bits 1 and 6. The maximum panel resolution
XR50 Panel Format 1 (FRC,dither,clkdiv,VAM) supported is 2048 x 1024.
XR51 Display Type (Panel type,clk/LP control)
XR53 Panel Format 3 (FRC opt,pixel packing) Panel Type
XR54 Panel Interface (FLM/LP Control) The panel type (PT) is determined by XR51 bits 1-0:
XR5E M (ACDCLK) Control
XR6F Frame Buffer Control 00 Single panel-Single drive (SS)
11 Dual panel-Double drive (DD)
This section summarizes the function of the various
fields of the above registers as they pertain to panel For DD panels, XR6F bit-0 (Frame Buffer Enable)
interfacing. Detailed timing diagrams are shown for and/or bit-1 (Frame Accelerator Enable) must also be
output of data and control sequences to a variety of set (either external or embedded may be used).
panel types. The 65540 / 545 highly configurable
controllers can interface to virtually all existing TFT Panel Data Width
monochrome LCD, EL, and Plasma panels and all XR50 bit-7 controls output width for TFT panels:
color LCD STN and TFT panels. The panel types
supported are: 0 16-bit color TFT panel interface (565 RGB)
1 24-bit color TFT panel interface (888 RGB)
Single panel-Single drive (SS) Monochrome
1 pixel/clock, 8 bits/pixel
2 pixels/clock, 8 bits/pixel
4 pixels/clock, 4 bits/pixel
8 pixels/clock, 2 bit/pixel
Dual panel-Double drive (DD) Monochrome
Single panel-Single drive (SS) Color TFT
1 pixel/clock, 16 bit/pixel 5-6-5 RGB
1 pixel/clock, 24 bit/pixel 8-8-8 RGB
2 pixels/clock, 12 bit/pixel 4-4-4 RGB
Single panel-Single drive (SS) Color STN
2 2/3 pixels/clock, 3 bit/pixel 1-1-1 RGB
Dual panel-Double drive (DD) Color STN
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Flat Panel Timing
Display Quality Settings Gray / Color Levels

Frame Rate Control (FRC) Gray / color levels are selected via XR4F bits 2-0
(somewhat misleading called 'Bits Per Pixel'):
The 65540 / 545 provides 2 and 16 level FRC to
generate multiple gray / color levels. FRC selection No FRC
is determined by XR50 bits 1-0: # of msbs Used Gray / Gray / Color
00 No FRC to Generate Color Levels with
01 16-frame FRC (color or mono STN panels) Gray/Color Levels Levels Dithering
001 1 2 5
10 2-frame FRC (color TFT or mono panels) 010 2 4 13
Three options are provided for FRC control: 011 3 8 29
100 4 16 61
FRC option 1 (XR53[2]) (always set to 1) 101 5 32 125
FRC option 2 (XR53[3]) (always set to 1) 110 6 64 253
FRC option 3 (XR53[6]) (for 2-frame FRC only): 111 8 256 n/a
0 FRC data changes every frame 2-Frame FRC
1 FRC data changes every other frame (Color TFT or Monochrome Panels)
A setting of 0 typically results in better display # of msbs Used Gray / Gray / Color
to Generate Color Levels with
quality, but panels with an internal 'M' signal Gray/Color Levels Levels Dithering
typically recommend this bit be set to 1 for longer 010 1 3 9
panel life. 011 2 5 25
XR6E is also provided for FRC polynomial control. 100 3 15 57
101 4 31 121
The values of the 'm' and 'n' parameters are
typically set by trial and error (recommended settings 16-Frame FRC
are given elsewhere in this manuals for selected (Color or Monochrome STN Panels)
panels as derived by Chips and Technologies). # of msbs Used Gray / Gray / Color
to Generate Color Levels with
Dither Gray/Color Levels Levels Dithering
The 65540 / 545 also provides Dither capability to 001 1 2 5
generate multiple gray / color levels. Ditherselection 010 2 4 13
is determined by XR50 bits 3-2: 011 3 8 29
100 4 16 61
00 No Dither The setting programmed into XR4F bits 0-2 above
01 Enable Dither for 256-color modes only determines how many most-significant color-bits /
10 Enable Dither for all modes pixel are used to generate flat panel video data. In
general, 8 bits of monochrome data or 8 bits/color of
M Signal Timing RGB color data enter the flat panel logic for every
Register XR5E (M/ACDCLK Control) is provided to dot clock. Not all of these bits, however, are used to
control the timing of the M (sometimes called generate output colors / gray scales, depending on
ACDCLK) signal. XR5E bit-7 selects between two the type of panel used, graphics / text mode, and the
types of timing control: gray-scaling algorithm chosen (the actual number of
0 Use XR5E bits 0-6 to determine M signal bits used is indicated in the table above). Also note
timing (bits 0-6 are programmed with the that settings which achieve higher gray / color levels
number of HSYNCs between phase changes may not necessarily produce acceptable display
minus 2) quality on some (or any) currently available panels.
1 M phase changes every frame if the frame This document contains recommended settings for
buffer is used, otherwise the phase changes various popular panels that Chips & Technologies
every other frame has found to produce acceptable results with those
panels. Customers may modify these settings to
XR4F bit-6 controls the M pin output. If set, the M achieve a better match with their requirements.
pin will output flat panel BLANK# / Display Enable
(DE) instead of the normal M signal (and XR5E will
be ignored).
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Flat Panel Timing
Pixels Per Shift Clock The number of bits per pixel is determined as
The 65540 / 545 can be programmed to output 1, 2, follows:
4, 8, or 16 pixels per shift clock. This is achieved 1bpp: Bits/Pixel=000 or 001 or
by programming the frequency ratio between the dot 16-Frame FRC or
clock and the shift clock. The shift clock divide 2-Frame FRC with Bits/Pixel=010
(CD) is set by XR50 bits 6-4. For monochrome
panels, the valid settings are: 2bpp: Not 1bpp and CD=011 (8 Pixels/Clock)
4bpp: Not 1bpp and CD=010 (4 Pixels/Clock)
Pixels Per Pixels Per
Shift Shift Clock Shift Clock 8bpp: Not 1bpp and CD=001 (2 Pixels/Clock) or
Clock without Frm Acc with Frm Acc Not 1bpp and CD=000 (1 Pixels/Clock)
000 Dot clk 1 2 Valid Color TFT panel shift clock divide settings are:
001 Dclk / 2 2 4
010 Dclk / 4 4 8 Pixels
per TFT TFT "B0-n" "G0-n" "R0-n"
011 Dclk / 8 8 16 Shift Output Output Panel Panel Panel
100 Dclk / 16 16 n/a Clock Width Format Outputs Outputs Outputs
Pixels 8-Bit Valid 16-Bit Valid 000 1 16 5-6-5 P0-4 P5-10 P11-15
Per Shift Panel Outputs Panel Outputs 24 8-8-8 P0-7 P8-15 P16-23
Clock Interface (8-bit) Interface (16-bit) 001 2 24 4-4-4 P0-3 P8-11 P16-19
1 8bpp P8-15 8bpp P8-15 P4-7 P12-15 P20-23
2 4bpp P8-15 (8-11 1st) 8bpp P0-15 For 2 pixels/shift clock, the first pixel output is on
4 2bpp P8-15 (8-9 1st) 4bpp P0-15 P0-3, 8-11, and 16-19.
8 1bpp P1,3,5,... (1 1st) 2bpp P0-15
16 n/a n/a 1bpp P0-15 For Color STN, valid shift clock divide settings are:
The pixel on the lowest numbered output pin is Pixels Per Clock Pixels Per Clock
always the first pixel output (the pixel shown first on without with
the left side of the screen). For example, for 8 pixels FrameAcceleration FrameAcceleration
per clock, 1bpp on an 8-bit interface, P1 is the first SS or DD Panels DD Panels Only
pixel, P3 is the second, etc. For 16 pixels per clock, 000 1 2
1bpp on a 16-bit interface, P0 is the first pixel, P1 is 001 2 4
010 4 n/a
the second, etc. For 4 pixels per clock, 2bpp on an
8-bit interface, P8-9 is the first pixel, P10-11 is the For Color STN data, pixel output sequences are
second, etc. controlled by the 'Color STN Pixel Packing' bits
24bit 24bit 16bit 8bit 16bit 16bit 16bit (XR53[5-4]) described on the following page
Color Color Color Mono Mono Mono Mono (packing may be selected as '3-Bit Pack', '4-Bit
Pix/clk: 1 2 1 1 2 4 8 Pack', or 'Extended 4-Bit Pack' sometimes referred
CD: 000 001 000 000 001 010 011 to in this document as 3bP, 4bP, and X4bP). All
P0 B0n B4n B3n – G0n G4n G6n cases in the above table can use 3-Bit Pack or 4-Bit
P1 B1n B5n B4n – G1n G5n G7n Pack. Extended 4-Bit Pack is only used for the
P2 B2n B6n B5n – G2n G4n+1 G6n+1 single case of 2 pixels per shift clock without frame
P3 B3n B7n B6n – G3n G5n+1 G7n+1 acceleration. Pixel Packing is not used for
P4 B4n B4n+1 B7n G0n† G0n+1 G4n+2 G6n+2 EL/Plasma, Monochrome DD, or Color TFT panels
P5 B5n B5n+1 G2n G1n† G1n+1 G5n+2 G7n+2 so the pixel packing bits should be set to 00 for all
P6 B6n B6n+1 G3n G2n† G2n+1 G4n+3 G6n+3 panels except color STN.
P7 B7n B7n+1 G4n G3n† G3n+1 G5n+3 G7n+3
P8 G0n G4n G5n G0n G4n G6n G6n+4 Shift Clock Divide
P9 G1n G5n G6n G1n G5n G7n G7n+4 The above clock divide ('CD') bits (XR50 bits 6-4)
P10 G2n G6n G7n G2n G6n G6n+1 G6n+5
P11 G3n G7n R3n G3n G7n G7n+1 G7n+5 affect both shift clock and data out. XR51[3] (Shift
P12 G4n G4n+1 R4n G4n G4n+1 G6n+2 G6n+6 Clock Divide or SD) may be set so that only the shift
P13 G5n G5n+1 R5n G5n G5n+1 G7n+2 G7n+6 clock (and not the video data) is further divided by
P14 G6n G6n+1 R6n G6n G6n+1 G6n+3 G6n+7 two beyond the setting of XR50 bits 6-4. This has
P15 G7n G7n+1 R7n G7n G7n+1 G7n+3 G7n+7 the effect of causing a new pixel to be output on
P16 R0n R4n – – – – – every clock edge (i.e., both rising and falling) in-
P17 R1n R5n – – – – – stead of just every falling clock edge (the first pixel
P18 R2n R6n – – – – – output on every scan line will be on the rising edge).
P19 R3n R7n – – – – –
P20 R4n R4n+1 – – – – – Extended 4-Bit Pack for Color STN panels requires
P21 R5n R5n+1 – – – – – that the SD bit (XR51[3]) be set to 1. In all other
P22 R6n R6n+1 – – – – – cases in the Color STN table above, either setting
P23 R7n R7n+1 – – – – – may be used.
† For information only, not recommended for panel connections
Revision 1.2 181 65540 / 545
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Flat Panel Timing
Color STN Pixel Packing ( Pixel Output Order ) Pixel output order for 4-Bit Pack 8-bit STN DD
For color STN panels, pixel packing must be panels:
selected via XR53 bits 5-4: Shift Clock Edge
Packing CD Settings Allowable 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
00 3-Bit Pack SS: 000, 001, or 010 Upper:
P0 R1 G2 B3 ...
DD: 000, 001 (010 w/o FA) P1 G1 B2 R4 ...
01 4-Bit Pack SS: 000, 001, or 010 P2 B1 R3 G4 ...
DD: 000, 001 (010 w/o FA) P3 R2 G3 B4 ...
11 Ext'd 4-Bit Pack SS: 001 (8bit panels only) Lower:
P4 R1 G2 B3 ...
These settings are valid for color STN panels only P5 G1 B2 R4 ...
(these bits must be set to 00 for monochrome and P6 B1 R3 G4 ...
P7 R2 G3 B4 ...
color TFT panels).
The pixel sequence repeats with 8 pixels (4 for each
Pixel output order for 3-Bit Pack STN-SS panels of the upper and lower panels) every 3 shift clock
without frame acceleration: edges. Clock divide must be set to 000 with Frame
CD=000 (1p/clk) CD=001 (2p/clk) CD=010 (4p/clk) Acceleration and 001 without Frame Acceleration.
ShfClk Edge Shift Clock Edge Shift Clock Edge
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Pixel output order for 16-bit STN panels (4bit Pack):
P0 – – – ... ... STN-SS Panels STN-DD Panels
P1 R1 R2 R3 ... R1 R3 R5 ... R1 R5 R9 ... Shift Clock Edge Shift Clock Edge
P2 G1 G2 G3 ... G1 G3 G5 ... G1 G5 G9 ... 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
P3 B1 B2 B3 ... B1 B3 B5 ... B1 B5 B9 ... P0 R1 G6 B11 ... Upper:
P4 – – – – – – – – – P1 G1 B6 R12 ... P0 R1 B3 G6 ...
P5 – – – R2 R4 R6 ... R2 R6 R10 ... P2 B1 R7 G12 ...
P6 – – – G2 G4 G6 ... G2 G6 G10 ... P1 G1 R4 B6 ...
P3 R2 G7 B12 ... P2 B1 G4 R7 ...
P7 – – – B2 B4 B6 ... B2 B6 B10 ... P4 G2 B7 R13 ... P3 R2 B4 G7 ...
P8 – – – – – – ... P5 B2 R8 G13 ...
P9 – – – – – – R3 R7 R11 ... P6 R3 G8 B13 ... P8 G2 R5 B7 ...
P10 – – – – – – G3 G7 G11 ... P7 G3 B8 R14 ... P9 B2 G5 R8 ...
P11 – – – – – – B3 B7 B11 ... P8 B3 R9 G14 ... P10 R3 B5 G8 ...
P12 – – – – – – – – – P11 G3 R6 B8 ...
P9 R4 G9 B14 ...
P13 – – – – – – R4 R8 R12 ... P10 G4 B9 R15 ... Lower:
P14 – – – – – – G4 G8 G12 ... P11 B4 R10 G15 ... P4 R1 B3 G6 ...
P15 – – – – – – B4 B8 B12 ... P12 R5 G10 B15 ... P5 G1 R4 B6 ...
P13 G5 B10R16 ... P6 B1 G4 R7 ...
4b Pack, CD=001 Ext'd 4b Pack, CD=001 P14 B5 R11G16 ... P7 R2 B4 G7 ...
Shift Clock Edge Shift Clock Edge P15 R6 G11B16 ... P12 G2 R5 B7 ...
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th P13 B2 G5 R8 ...
P0 R1 B3 G6 ... R1 G1 G6 B6 B11 R12 ... P14 R3 B5 G8 ...
P1 G1 R4 B6 ... B1 R2 R7 G7 G12 B12 ... P15 G3 R6 B8 ...
P2 B1 G4 R7 ... G2 B2 B7 R8 R13 G13 ...
P3 R2 B4 G7 ... R3 G3 G8 B8 B13 R14 ...
P4 G2 R5 B7 ... B3 R4 R9 G9 G14 B14 ...
P5 B2 G5 R8 ... G4 B4 B9 R10 R15 G15 ... For STN-SS panels the pixel sequence repeats with
P6 R3 B5 G8 ... R5 G5 G10 B10 B15 R16 ... 16 pixels every 3 shift clock edges (5-1/3 pixels per
P7 G3 R6 B8 ... B5 R6 R11 G11 G16 B16 ... shift clock edge). Clock divide must be set to 010.
The pixel sequence for 3-bit Pack repeats with either For STN-DD panels the pixel sequence repeats with
1, 2, or 4 pixels every shift clock edge depending on 16 pixels (8 for each of the upper and lower panels)
the setting of the clock divide (CD) field. The pixel every 3 shift clock edges (2-2/3 pixels per shift clock
sequence for 4-bit Pack repeats with 8 pixels every 3 edge per panel). Clock divide must be set to 001
shift clock edges. The sequence for Extended 4-Bit with Frame Acceleration and 010 without Frame
Pack repeats with 16 pixels every 6 shift clock Acceleration.
edges. Extended 4-bit Pack is used only for 8-bit
color STN-SS panels. It is not used for color STN
DD panels or for 16-bit color STN interfaces.
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Flat Panel Timing
Output Signal Timing Pixel Timing Diagrams

LP Signal Timing Pixel output timing sequences are shown for the
following panel configurations:
LP output polarity is controlled by XR54[6]
(0=positive, 1=negative). Setting XR4F bit-7, 1) SS Monochrome Plasma / EL
however, causes the LP pin to output flat panel
BLANK# / DE instead of the normal LP signal (and Single Panel-Single Drive (Panel Type = 00)
all other LP timing control parameters will be Plasma/EL Panel
ignored). Some panels (e.g., Plasma and EL) 2 pixels/shift clock, 4 bits/pixel (CD = 001)
require LP to be active during vertical blank time.
XR51[7] may be set to enable this. Otherwise LP 2) DD Monochrome LCD
pulses are not generated during vertical blank. Dual Panel-Double Drive (Panel Type = 11)
FLM Output Signal Timing Monochrome LCD Panel
8 pixels/shiftclk, 1bit/pixel, CD = 011
FLM signal output polarity is controlled by XR54[7] (010 with FB)
(0=positive, 1=negative). 16 pixels/shiftclk, 1bit/pixel, CD = 100
BLANK# / DE Output Signal Timing (011 with FB)
The polarity of the BLANK# / DE output (if selected 3) SS Color TFT LCD
for output on M, LP, or FLM as indicated above)
may be controlled by XR54[0] (0=positive, Single Panel-Single Drive (Panel Type = 00)
1=negative). XR54[1] selects whether BLANK# / Color TFT LCD Panel
DE outputs both H and V (0) or just H (1). 4/5/6/8 bits/color/pixel (12/16/18/24 bits total)
XR51[2] selects whether BLANK# / DE is generated 1 pixel/shift clock, 16-bit 5-6-5 RGB, CD=000
from CRT Blank or Flat Panel Blank. 1 pixel/shift clock, 24-bit 8-8-8 RGB, CD=000
2 pixels/shift clock, 24-bit 4-4-4 RGB, CD=001
SHFCLK Output Signal Timing
XR51[5] (Shift Clock Mask or SM) may be set to 4) SS Color STN LCD
force the shift clock output low outside the display Single Panel-Single Drive (Panel Type = 00)
enable interval. Color STN LCD Panel
1 bit/color/pixel (3 bits total) 1-1-1 RGB
1 pixel/shiftclk (3bit), CD=000
2 pixels/shiftclk (6bit), CD=001
2-2/3 pixels/shift clock (8bit), CD=010
5-1/3 pixels/shift clock (8bit), CD=010, SD=1
5-1/3 pixels/shift clock (16bit), CD=010
5) DD Color STN LCD
Dual Panel-Dual Drive (Panel Type = 11)
Color STN LCD Panel
All timings = 1 bit/color/pixel (3 bits total) RGB
2-2/3 pixels/shift clock (8-bit), CD=001
5-1/3 pixels/shift clock (16-bit), CD=010
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Flat Panel Timing
LP
BLANK#
SHFCLK
320 Clks / H 320 Clks / H 320 Clks / H
FLM
P8-15 (1,1)...(640,1) (1,2)...(640,2) (1,480)...(640,480)

480 Data Transfer Cycles / V
SHFCLK
(Plasma)
SHFCLK
(EL †)
(1,1) (3,1) (637,1) (639,1) (637,480) (639,480)
P8 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
(1,1) (3,1) (637,1) (639,1) (637,480) (639,480)
P9
–2 –2 –2 –2 –2 –2
(1,1) (3,1) (637,1) (639,1) (637,480) (639,480)
P10 –4 –4 –4 –4 –4 –4
(1,1) (3,1) (637,1) (639,1) (637,480) (639,480)

P11 –8 –8 –8 –8 –8 –8
(2,1) (4,1) (638,1) (640,1) (638,480) (640,480)
P12 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
(2,1) (4,1) (638,1) (640,1) (638,480) (640,480)
P13
–2 –2 –2 –2 –2 –2
(2,1) (4,1) (638,1) (640,1) (638,480) (640,480)
P14 –4 –4 –4 –4 –4 –4
(2,1) (4,1) (638,1) (640,1) (638,480) (640,480)
P15 –8 –8 –8 –8 –8 –8
† EL panels use the rising edge of SHFCLK to clock in panel data, so the SHFCLK
output from the 65540 / 545 must be inverted prior to driving the panel
Panel Timing - Monochrome 16-Gray-Level EL / Plasma 8-Bit Interface
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Panel Output Timing - 640 x 480 Monochrome DD 8-Bit (1 Bit / Pixel, 8 Pixels / Shift Clock)
LP
BLANK#
SHFCLK
(640 x 480) (640 x 480) (640 x 480)
FLM
(1,1)...(640,1) (1,2)...(640,2) (1,240)...(640,240)
P0-7 (1,241)...(640,241) (1,242)...(640,242) (1,480)...(640,480)
(640 x 480)
Panel Output Pixel Order - 640 x 480
(No FA) DCLK (SHFCLK x 8)
CD = 011
(FA) DCLK (SHFCLK x 4)
CD = 010
SHFCLK
(UD3) P0 (1,1) (5,1) (633,1) (637,1) (633,240) (637,240)
(UD2) P1 (2,1) (6,1) (634,1) (638,1) (634,240) (638,240)
(UD1) P2 (3,1) (7,1) (635,1) (639,1) (635,240) (639,240)
(UD0) P3 (4,1) (8,1) (636,1) (640,1) (636,240) (640,240)
(LD3) P4 (1,241) (5,241) (633,241) (637,241) (633,480) (637,480)
(LD2) P5 (2,241) (6,241) (634,241) (638,241) (634,480) (638,480)
(LD1) P6 (3,241) (7,241) (635,241) (639,241) (635,480) (639,480)
(LD0) P7 (4,241) (8,241) (636,241) (640,241) (636,480) (640,480)
FA = Frame Accelerator (Imbedded or External)
Panel Timing - Monochrome LCD DD 8-Bit Interface
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Flat Panel Timing
Panel Output Timing - 1024 x 768 Monochrome DD 16-Bit (1 Bit / Pixel, 16 Pixels / Shift Clock)
LP
BLANK#
SHFCLK
(1024 x 768) (1024 x 768) (1024 x 768)
FLM
(1,1)...(1024,1) (1,2)...(1024,2) (1,384)...(1024,384)
P0-15 (1,385)...(1024,385) (1,386)...(1024,386) (1,768)...(1024,768)
(1024 x 768)
Pixel Output Pixel Order - 1024 x 768
(No FA) DCLK (SHFCLK x 16)
CD = 100
(FA) DCLK (SHFCLK x 8)
CD = 011
SHFCLK
(UD7) P0 (1,1) (9,1) (1009,384)
(UD6) P1 (2,1) (10,1) (1010,384)
(UD5) P2 (3,1) (11,1) (1011,384)
(UD4) P3 (4,1) (12,1) (1012,384)
(UD3) P4 (5,1) (13,1) (1013,384)
(UD2) P5 (6,1) (14,1) (1014,384)
(UD1) P6 (7,1) (15,1) (1015,384)
(UD0) P7 (8,1) (16,1) (1016,384)
(LD7) P8 (1,385) (9,385) (1009,768)
(LD6) P9 (2,385) (10,385) (1010,768)
(LD5) P10 (3,385) (11,385) (1011,768)
(LD4) P11 (4,385) (12,385) (1012,768)
(LD3) P12 (5,385) (13,385) (1013,768)
(LD2) P13 (6,385) (14,385) (1014,768)
(LD1) P14 (7,385) (15,385) (1015,768)
(LD0) P15 (8,385) (16,385) (1016,768)
FA = Frame Accelerator (Embedded or External)
Panel Timing - Monochrome LCD DD 16-Bit Interface
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
SHFCLK
P0 B0(0) B1(0) B0(0) B2(0)

P1 B0(1) B1(1) B0(1) B2(1)
P2 B0(2) B1(2) B0(2) B2(2)
P3 B0(3) B1(3) B1(0) B3(0)
P4 B0(4) B1(4) B1(1) B3(1)
P5 G0(0) G1(0) B1(2) B3(2)
P6 G0(1) G1(1) G0(0) G2(0)
P7 G0(2) G1(2) G0(1) G2(1)
P8 G0(3) G1(3) G0(2) G2(2)
P9 G0(4) G1(4) G1(0) G3(0)
P10 G0(5) G1(5) G1(1) G3(1)
P11 R0(0) R1(0) G1(2) G3(2)
P12 R0(1) R1(1) R0(0) R2(0)
P13 R0(2) R1(2) R0(1) R2(1)
P14 R0(3) R1(3) R1(0) R3(0)
P15 R0(4) R1(4) R1(1) R3(1)
CD: 000 (1 Pixel / Clock) 001 (2 Pixels / Clock)

FRC: 10 (2 Frame) 10 (2-Frame)
Bits / Pixel: 110 (6 bits/pixel) 011 (3 bits/pixel)
Pixel Format: 5-6-5 RGB 2-3-3 RGB
DataWidth: 16-Bit † 16-Bit †
† Panels with 9 or 12-bit data interfaces would use this setting and only connect to the msbs of each color
Panel Timing - Color LCD TFT 9 / 12 / 16-Bit Interface
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
SHFCLK
P0 B0(0) B1(0) B0(0) B2(0)

P1 B0(1) B1(1) B0(1) B2(1)
P2 B0(2) B1(2) B0(2) B2(2)
P3 B0(3) B1(3) B0(3) B2(3)
P4 B0(4) B1(4) B1(0) B3(0)
P5 B0(5) B1(5) B1(1) B3(1)
P6 B0(6) B1(6) B1(2) B3(2)
P7 B0(7) B1(7) B1(3) B3(3)
P8 G0(0) G1(0) G0(0) G2(0)
P9 G0(1) G1(1) G0(1) G2(1)
P10 G0(2) G1(2) G0(2) G2(2)
P11 G0(3) G1(3) G0(3) G2(3)
P12 G0(4) G1(4) G1(0) G3(0)
P13 G0(5) G1(5) G1(1) G3(1)
P14 G0(6) G1(6) G1(2) G3(2)
P15 G0(7) G1(7) G1(3) G3(3)
P16 R0(0) R1(0) R0(0) R2(0)
P17 R0(1) R1(1) R0(1) R2(1)
P18 R0(2) R1(2) R0(2) R2(2)
P19 R0(3) R1(3) R0(3) R2(3)
P20 R0(4) R1(4) R1(0) R3(0)
P21 R0(5) R1(5) R1(1) R3(1)
P22 R0(6) R1(6) R1(2) R3(2)
P23 R0(7) R1(7) R1(3) R3(3)
CD: 000 (1 Pixel / Clock) 001 (2 Pixels / Clock)

FRC: 00 (no FRC) 10 (2-Frame)
Bits / Pixel: 111(8 bits/pixel) 100/101 (4 or 5 bits/pixel)
Pixel Format: 8-8-8 RGB 4-4-4 RGB
DataWidth: 24-Bit † 24-Bit †
† Panels with 18-bit data interfaces would use this setting and only connect to the msbs of each color
Panel Timing - Color LCD TFT 18 / 24-Bit Interface
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
IDCLK
IDCLK/2
SHFCLKU
(Pin 70)
SHFCLKL
(Pin 81)
P0 R1 G1 G6 B6 B11 R12
P1 B1 R2 R7 G7 G12 B12
P2 G2 B2 B7 R8 R13 G13
P3 R3 G3 G8 B8 B13 R14
P4 B3 R4 R9 G9 G14 B14
P5 G4 B4 B9 R10 R15 G15
P6 R5 G5 G10 B10 B15 R16
P7 B5 R6 R11 G11 G16 B16
PT: 00 (SS Panel)

CD: 010 (5-1/3 Pixels / Clock) 16 Pixels are
FRC: 01 (16-Frame) transferred
Pixel Packing: 11 (Extended 4-Bit Pack) every 16 dot clocks
Bits / Pixel: 100 (4 bits / pixel) (6 shift clock edges)
Frame Buffer / Acceleration: Disabled / Disabled
Panel Timing - Color LCD STN 8-Bit ( Extended 4-Bit Pack ) Interface
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
IDCLK
SHFCLK
(IDCLK/2)
P0 R1 G6 B11 R17 G22 B27

P1 G1 B6 R12 G17 B22 R28
P2 B1 R7 G12 B17 R23 G28
P3 R2 G7 B12 R18 G23 B28
P4 G2 B7 R13 G18 B23 R29
P5 B2 R8 G13 B18 R24 G29
P6 R3 G8 B13 R19 G24 B29
P7 G3 B8 R14 G19 B24 R30
P8 B3 R9 G14 B19 R25 G30
P9 R4 G9 B14 R20 G25 B30
P10 G4 B9 R15 G20 B25 R31
P11 B4 R10 G15 B20 R26 G31
P12 R5 G10 B15 R21 G26 B31
P13 G5 B10 R16 G21 B26 R32
P14 B5 R11 G16 B21 R27 G32
P15 R6 G11 B16 R22 G27 B32
PT: 00 (SS Panel)

CD: 010 (5-1/3 Pixels / Clock)
FRC: 01 (16-Frame)
Pixel Packing: 01 (4-Bit Pack)
Bits / Pixel: 100 (4 bits / pixel)
Frame Buffer / Acceleration: Disabled / Disabled
Panel Pixel Timing - Color LCD STN 16-Bit ( 4-Bit Pack ) Interface
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
SHFCLK
(IDCLK)
P0 R(1,1) G(2,1) B(3,1) R(5,1) G(6,1)

P1 G(1,1) B(2,1) R(4,1) G(5,1) B(6,1)
P2 B(1,1) R(3,1) G(4,1) B(5,1) R(7,1)
P3 R(2,1) G(3,1) B(4,1) R(6,1) G(7,1)
P4 R(1,241) G(2,241) B(3,241) R(5,241) G(6,241)
P5 G(1,241) B(2,241) R(4,241) G(5,241) B(6,241)
P6 B(1,241) R(3,241) G(4,241) B(5,241) R(7,241)
P7 R(2,241) G(3,241) B(4,241) R(6,241) G(7,241)
PT: 11 (DD Panel)

FRC: 01 (16-Frame)
Bits / Pixel: 100 (4 bits/pixel)
FrameBuffer/Acceleration: Enabled/Enabled
8 Pixels (4 each for the upper and lower panels) are transferred every 4 Dot Clocks (3 Shift Clock Edges)
Panel Pixel Timing - Color LCD STN-DD 8-Bit ( 4-Bit Pack ) Interface - With Frame Acceleration
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
IDCLK
SHFCLK
(IDCLK/2)
P0 R(1,1) G(2,1) B(3,1) R(5,1) G(6,1)

P1 G(1,1) B(2,1) R(4,1) G(5,1) B(6,1)
P2 B(1,1) R(3,1) G(4,1) B(5,1) R(7,1)
P3 R(2,1) G(3,1) B(4,1) R(6,1) G(7,1)
P4 R(1,241) G(2,241) B(3,241) R(5,241) G(6,241)
P5 G(1,241) B(2,241) R(4,241) G(5,241) B(6,241)
P6 B(1,241) R(3,241) G(4,241) B(5,241) R(7,241)
P7 R(2,241) G(3,241) B(4,241) R(6,241) G(7,241)
PT: 11 (DD Panel)

FRC: 01 (16-Frame)
Bits / Pixel: 100 (4 bits/pixel)
FrameBuffer/Acceleration: Enabled/Disabled
Panel Pixel Timing - Color LCD STN-DD 8-Bit ( 4-Bit Pack ) Interface - Without Frame Acceleration
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
IDCLK
SHFCLK
(IDCLK /2)
P0 R(1,1) B(3,1) G(6,1) R(9,1) B(11,1)

P1 G(1,1) R(4,1) B(6,1) G(9,1) R(12,1)
P2 B(1,1) G(4,1) R(7,1) B(9,1) G(12,1)
P3 R(2,1) B(4,1) G(7,1) R(10,1) B(12,1)
P4 R(1,241) B(3,241) G(6,241) R(9,241) B(11,241)
P5 G(1,241) R(4,241) B(6,241) G(9,241) R(12,241)
P6 B(1,241) G(4,241) R(7,241) B(9,241) G(12,241)
P7 R(2,241) B(4,241) G(7,241) R(10,241) B(12,241)
P8 G(2,1) R(5,1) B(7,1) G(10,1) R(13,1)
P9 B(2,1) G(5,1) R(8,1) B(10,1) G(13,1)
P10 R(3,1) B(5,1) G(8,1) R(11,1) B(13,1)
P11 G(3,1) R(6,1) B(8,1) G(11,1) R(14,1)
P12 G(2,241) R(5,241) B(7,241) G(10,241) R(13,241)
P13 B(2,241) G(5,241) R(8,241) B(10,241) G(13,241)
P14 R(3,241) B(5,241) G(8,241) R(11,241) B(13,241)
P15 G(3,241) R(6,241) B(8,241) G(11,241) R(14,241)
PT: 11 (DD Panel)

FRC: 01 (16-Frame)
Frame Buffer / Acceleration: Enabled / Enabled
Panel Pixel Timing - Color LCD STN-DD 16-Bit ( 4-Bit Pack ) Interface - With Frame Acceleration
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Flat Panel Timing
DCLK
IDCLK
IDCLK /2
SHFCLK
(IDCLK /4)
P0 R(1,1) B(3,1) G(6,1)
P1 G(1,1) R(4,1) B(6,1)
P2 B(1,1) G(4,1) R(7,1)
P3 R(2,1) B(4,1) G(7,1)
P4 R(1,241) B(3,241) G(6,241)
P5 G(1,241) R(4,241) B(6,241)
P6 B(1,241) G(4,241) R(7,241)
P7 R(2,241) B(4,241) G(7,241)
P8 G(2,1) R(5,1) B(7,1)
P9 B(2,1) G(5,1) R(8,1)
P10 R(3,1) B(5,1) G(8,1)
P11 G(3,1) R(6,1) B(8,1)
P12 G(2,241) R(5,241) B(7,241)
P13 B(2,241) G(5,241) R(8,241)
P14 R(3,241) B(5,241) G(8,241)
P15 G(3,241) R(6,241) B(8,241)
PT: 11 (DD Panel)

FRC: 01 (16-Frame)
FrameBuffer/Acceleration: Enabled/Disabled
Panel Pixel Timing - Color LCD STN-DD 16-Bit (4-Bit Pack) Interface - Without Frame Acceleration
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Programming
Programming and Parameters
GENERAL PROGRAMMING HINTS values have a wide range of acceptable values. The
65540 / 545 also has the versatility to program an
The values presented in this section make certain LP delay to aid in interfacing to panels with a wide
assumptions about the operating environment. The variety of timing requirements.
flat panel clock ('dot clock') is assumed to be
generated by the internal clock synthesizer. The In order to program the 65540 / 545 for simulta-
values programmed into the SmartMap™ control neous display, two FLM signals are required. The
registers (XR61 and XR62) give a threshold of 3 first shorter FLM will match the normal FLM
with foreground and background shift of 3 but frequency as the data is displayed on the first half of
SmartMap™ is turned off. To enable it, set XR61 the CRT display data. The second FLM will be
bit-0 = 1. The 65540 and 65545 provide longer to allow for the CRT blank time. The FLM
programmability of the gray scaling algorithm by delay is programmed in XR2C and should be equal
adjusting 'm' and 'n' polynomial values in extended to the CRT blank time — FLM front porch — FLM
register 6E. width.
The horizontal parameter values presented here are For flat panel types and sizes not presented here,
the minimum required for each panel type. For high start with the parameters for a panel that most
resolution panels, these parameters may be changed closely resembles the target panel. Adjust the flat
to suit the panel size. The horizontal values equal panel configuration registers as needed and adjust
the number of characters clocks output per line. In the horizontal and vertical parameters as needed.
dual drive panels this value includes both panels. Adaption to a non-standard panel is usually a trial
Therefore, the horizontal values are double those and error process.
expected.
These parameters are recommended by Chips and
Due to pipelining of the horizontal counters, certain Technologies, Inc. for the 65540 / 545. They have
sync or blank values may result in no display. been tested on several different flat panel displays.
Generally, the horizontal blank start must equal the Customers should feel free to test other register
display end and the blank end must equal the values to improve the screen appearance or to
horizontal total. The horizontal sync start and end customize the 65540 / 545 for other flat panel
displays.
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Programming
EXTENSION REGISTER VALUES

The 65540 / 545 controller can be programmed for a wide variety of flat panels, compensation techniques and
backwards compatibility. The following pages provide the following 65540 / 545 Extension Register Value
tables:
Extension
Table Registers Display Type Description Panels
#1 Minimum Parameters for Initial Boot (Analog CRT VGA Mode)
#2 Additional Parameters for Emulation Modes
#3 Additional 640x480 Monochrome LCD-DD (Panel Mode Only)...............Epson EG-9005F-LS

Citizen G6481L-FF
Sharp LM64P80
Sanyo LCM-6494-24NTK
Hitachi LMG5364XUFC
#4 Additional 640x480 Monochrome LCD-DD (Simultaneous Mode Display)

#5 Additional 640x480 Color TFT LCD (Panel Mode Only) ..........................Hitachi TX26D02VC2AA
Sharp LQ9D011
Toshiba LTM-09C015-1
#6 Additional 640x480 Color TFT LCD (Simultaneous Mode Display)
#7 Additional 640x480 Color STN-SS LCD - 4-Bit Pack ...............................Sanyo LM-CK53-22NEZ
(Panel Mode & Simultaneous Mode Display) Sanyo LCM5327-24NAK
Sanyo LCM5330
#8 Additional 640x480 Color STN-SS LCD - Extended 4-Bit Pack ...............Sharp LM64C031
#9 Additional 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD - 16-Bit Interface......................Sharp LM64C08P

(Panel & Simultaneous Mode Display) Sanyo LCM5331-22NTK
Hitachi LMG9721XUFC
Toshiba TLX-8062S-C3X
Optrex DMF-50351NC-FW
#10 Additional 640x480 16 Internal Gray Scale Plasma....................................Matsushita S804
#11 Additional 640x480 16 Internal Gray Scale EL ..........................................Sharp LJ64ZU50
Table #1 specifies the minimum Extension Register values required for the 65540 / 545 to boot to VGA
mode on an analog CRT monitor.
Table #2 specifies the additional Extension Register values required for emulation of EGA, CGA, MDA
and Hercules backwards compatibility modes. The registers in Table #2 should be used in
conjunction with the registers specified in Table #1. For registers listed in both tables, use the
values in Table #2 (shown in bold text).
Tables #3-11 specify the additional Extension Register values required to support various panels. The registers
in Tables #3-11 should be used in conjunction with the registers specified in Table #1 (and
optionally Table #2). For registers listed in more than one table, use the values in Tables #3-11
(shown in bold text).
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Programming
Table #1 - Parameters for Initial Boot

Initial Boot-Up Extension Register Values for VGA Display on an Analog CRT Monitor
Register Value (in Hex) Register Comments
XR02 01 CPU Interface Control 1
XR04 A1 Memory Control 1 Note 1
XR05 00 Memory Control 2
XR06 00 Palette Control
XR08 00 Linear Addressing Base
XR0B 00 CPU Paging
XR0C 00 Start Address Top
XR0D 00 Auxiliary Offset
XR0E 80 Text Mode Control
XR0F 10 Software Flags 0 Note 2
XR10 00 Single/Low Map
XR11 00 High Map
XR14 00 Emulation Mode
XR15 00 Write Protect
XR16 00 Vertical Overflow
XR17 00 Horizontal Overflow
XR1E 00 Alternate Offset
XR1F 00 Virtual EGA Switch
XR24 12 Alternate Max Scanline
XR25 59 Horizontal Virtual Panel Size
XR28 80 Video Interface
XR29 4C Half Line Compare
XR2B 00 Software Flags 1 Note 2
XR30 03 Clock Divide Control (Initialize Memory Clock)
XR31 6B Clock M-Divisor (Initialize Memory Clock)
XR32 3C Clock N-Divisor (Initialize Memory Clock)
XR33 20 Clock Control (Initialize Memory Clock)
XR30 03 Clock Divide Control (Initialize Clock 2)
XR31 4E Clock M-Divisor (Initialize Clock 2)
XR32 59 Clock N-Divisor (Initialize Clock 2)
XR33 00 Clock Control (Initialize Clock 2)
XR44 10 Software Flags 2 Note 2
XR45 00 Software Flags 3 Note 2
XR51 63 Display Type
XR52 40 Power Down Control
XR53 00 Panel Format 3
XR54 32 Panel Interface
XR5F 06 Power Down Mode Refresh
XR60 88 Blink Rate Control
XR61 2E SmartMap™ Control
XR62 07 SmartMap™ Shift Parameter
XR63 41 SmartMap™ Color Mapping Control
XR70 80 Setup / Disable Control
XR72 24 External Device I/O
Note: 1) Memory Control Register 1 is automatically re-programmed with the proper display memory
configuration by the BIOS
2) The Software Flag Registers are used by the BIOS and should not be re-programmed
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Programming
Table #2 - Parameters for Emulation Modes

Extension Register Values for CRT-Only, Panel-Only, & Simultaneous CRT / Panel Display
XR14 00 Emulation Mode EGA Emulation
XR15 18 Write Protect EGA Emulation
XR14 01 Emulation Mode CGA Emulation
XR15 0D Write Protect CGA Emulation
XR18 27 Alternate Horizontal Display Enable End CGA Emulation
XR19 2B Alternate Horizontal Retrace Start CGA Emulation
XR1A A0 Alternate Horizontal Retrace End CGA Emulation
XR1B 2D Alternate Horizontal Total CGA Emulation
XR1C 28 Alternate Horizontal Blanking Start CGA Emulation
XR1D 10 Alternate Horizontal Blanking End CGA Emulation
XR1E 14 Alternate Offset CGA Emulation
XR7E 30 CGA / Hercules Color Select CGA Emulation
XR14 52 Emulation Mode MDA Emulation
XR15 0D Write Protect MDA Emulation
XR7E 0F CGA / Hercules Color Select MDA Emulation
XR0D 02 Auxiliary Offset Hercules Emulation
XR14 52 Emulation Mode Hercules Emulation
XR15 0D Write Protect Hercules Emulation
XR18 59 Alternate Horizontal Display Enable End Hercules Emulation
XR19 60 Alternate Horizontal Retrace Start Hercules Emulation
XR1A 8F Alternate Horizontal Retrace End Hercules Emulation
XR1B 6E Alternate Horizontal Total Hercules Emulation
XR1C 5C Alternate Horizontal Blanking Start Hercules Emulation
XR1D 31 Alternate Horizontal Blanking End Hercules Emulation
XR1E 16 Alternate Offset Hercules Emulation
XR7E 0F CGA / Hercules Color Select Hercules Emulation
Note: 1) Bold text indicates registers with values different from those shown in Table #1
2) Non-bold text indicates additional registers (not included in Table #1)
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Programming
Table #3 - Parameters for 640x480 Monochrome LCD-DD Panels (Panel Mode Only)
Extension Register Values for Epson EG9005F-LS
Citizen G6481L-FF
Sharp LM64P80
Hitachi LMG5364XUFC
XR06 02 Palette Control Disable Internal DAC
XR19 57 Alternate Horizontal Sync Start
XR1A 19 Alternate Horizontal Sync End
XR1B 59 Alternate Horizontal Total
XR1C 4F Horizontal Panel Size
XR2C 04 FLM Delay
XR2D 50 LP Delay (CMPR enabled)
XR2E 50 LP Delay (CMPR disabled)
XR2F 00 LP Width
XR4F 44 Panel Format 2
XR53 0C Panel Format 3
XR54 3A Panel Interface
XR55 E5 Horizontal Compensation
XR56 00 Horizontal Centering
XR57 1B Vertical Compensation
XR58 00 Vertical Centering
XR59 84 Vertical Line Insertion
XR5A 00 Vertical Line Replication
XR5B 8F Power Sequencing Delay
XR5D 10 FP Diagnostic
XR5E 80 M (ACDCLK) Control
XR64 E4 Alternate Vertical Total
XR65 07 Alternate Overflow
XR66 E0 Alternate Vertical Sync Start
XR67 01 Alternate Vertical Sync End
XR68 DF Vertical Panel Size
XR6C 00 Programmable Output Drive
XR6E 26 Polynomial FRC Control Register Optimize for best display quality
XR6F 1B Frame Buffer Control
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Programming
Table #4 - Parameters for 640x480 Monochrome LCD-DD Panels (Simultaneous Mode Display)
Extension Register Values for Epson EG9005F-LS
Citizen G6481L-FF
Sharp LM64P80
Hitachi LMG5364XUFC
XR1B 5F Alternate Horizontal Total
XR2C 21 FLM Delay
XR2F 00 LP Width
XR64 0B Alternate Vertical Total
XR66 EA Alternate Vertical Sync Start
XR67 0C Alternate Vertical Sync End
XR6E 26 Polynomial FRC Control Register Optimize For LCD
XR6F 1B Frame Buffer Control
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Programming
Table #5 - Parameters for 640x480 Color TFT Panels (Panel Mode Only)
Extension Register Values for Hitachi TX26D02VC2AA
Sharp LQ9D011 (set to accommodate the DE signal)

XR06 C2 Palette Control Color Reduction
XR2C 04 FLM Delay
XR2D 4F LP Delay (CMPR enabled)
XR2E 4F LP Delay (CMPR disabled)
XR2F 0F LP Width
XR51 C4 Display Type
XR54 FA Panel Interface Set to F9 for Toshiba color panels
XR5E 80 M(ACDCLK) Control
XR64 01 Alternate Vertical Total
XR66 DF Alternate Vertical Sync Start
XR6E BD Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality
XR6F 00 Frame Buffer Control
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Programming
Table #6 - Parameters for 640x480 Color TFT Panels ( Simultaneous Mode Display )
Extension Register Values for Hitachi TX26D02VC2AA

Sharp LQ9D011 (set to accommodate the DE signal)

XR06 C0 Palette Control Color Reduction
XR2C 00 FLM Delay
XR2E 4F LP Delay (CMPR disabled)
XR2F 0F LP Width
XR54 FA Panel Interface Set to F9 for Toshiba color panels
XR64 0C Alternate Vertical Total
XR6E BD Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality
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Programming
Table #7 - Parameters for 640x480 Color STN-SS Panels with 16-Bit Interface 4-Bit Pack
(Panel & Simultaneous Mode Display)
Extension Register Values for Sanyo LM-CK53-22NEZ
Sanyo LCM5327-24NAK
Sanyo LCM5330
XR06 C2 Palette Control C0 for Simultaneous Display
XR19 56 Alternate Horizontal Sync Start 55 for Simultaneous Display
XR1A 19 Alternate Horizontal Sync End 00 for Simultaneous Display
XR1B 59 Alternate Horizontal Total 5F for Simultaneous Display
XR2C 04 FLM Delay 22 for Simultaneous Display
XR2D 5C LP Delay (CMPR enabled) 62 for Simultaneous Display
XR2E 5C LP Delay (CMPR disabled) 62 for Simultaneous Display
XR2F 5C LP Width 60 for Simultaneous Display
XR64 E4 Alternate Vertical Total 0B for Simultaneous Display
XR65 07 Alternate Overflow 26 for Simultaneous Display
XR66 E1 Alternate Vertical Sync Start EA for Simultaneous Display
XR67 02 Alternate Vertical Sync End 0C for Simultaneous Display
XR6E 61 Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality
Revision 1.2 203 65540 / 545

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Programming
Table #8 - Parameters for 640x480 Color STN-SS Panels with 8-Bit Interface (Extended 4-Bit Pack)
Extension Register Values for Sharp LM64C031
XR06 C2 Palette Control C0 simultaneous mode
XR19 56 Alternate Horizontal Sync Start 55 simultaneous mode
XR1B 59 Alternate Horizontal Total 5F simultaneous mode
XR2C 02 FLM Delay 2B simultaneous mode
XR2F 00 LP Width
XR51 6C Display Type
XR64 E8 Alternate Vertical Total 15 simultaneous mode
XR65 07 Alternate Overflow 26 simultaneous mode
XR66 E1 Alternate Vertical Sync Start EA simultaneous mode
XR67 02 Alternate Vertical Sync End 0C simultaneous mode
XR6E 36 Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality
Revision 1.2 204 65540 / 545

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Programming
Table #9 - Parameters for 640x480 Color STN-DD Panels with 16-Bit Interface with Frame Acceleration
(Panel & Simultaneous Mode Display)
Extension Register Values for Sharp LM64C08P
Sanyo LCM5331-22NTK
Hitachi LMG9721XUFC
Toshiba TLX-8062S-C3X
Optrex DMF-50351NC-FW
XR06 C2 Palette Control
XR2C 15 FLM Delay 22 for no frame acceleration
XR2D 50 LP Delay (CMPR enabled) 9E for no frame acceleration
XR2F 00 LP Width
XR50 25 Panel Format 2 35 for no frame acceleration
XR59 1F Vertical Line Replication
XR64 0B Alternate Vertical Total
XR6E 33 Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality.
XR6F 1B Frame Buffer Control 9F for external frame buffer with frame
acceleration. 99 for external frame buffer
without frame acceleration.
Revision 1.2 205 65540 / 545

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Programming
Table #10 - Parameters for 640x480 Plasma Panels with 16 Internal Gray Levels
Extension Register Values for Matsushita S804
XR2C 04 FLM Delay
XR2E 6D LP Delay (CMPR disabled)
XR2F 08 LP Width
XR54 39 Panel Interface
XR64 0D Alternate Vertical Total
XR67 0A Alternate Vertical Sync End
XR6E 0D Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality
Revision 1.2 206 65540 / 545

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Programming
Table # 11 - Parameters for 640x480 EL Panels with 16 Internal Gray Levels

Extension Register Values for Sharp LJ64ZU50
XR2C 0C FLM Delay
XR2E 4E LP Delay (CMPR disabled)
XR2F 81 LP Width
XR54 F9 Panel Interface
XR64 F0 Alternate Vertical Total
XR67 05 Alternate Vertical Sync End
XR6E 9D Polynomial FRC Control Optimize for best display quality
Revision 1.2 207 65540 / 545

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Programming
Revision 1.2 208 65540 / 545

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Application Schematic Examples
This section includes schematic examples showing various 65540 / 65545 interfaces. The schematics are divided
into into three main groups:
1) System Bus Interface
• ISA (PC/AT) Bus (16-bit)
• VL-Bus / 486 CPU-Direct Local Bus (1x Clock) (32-bit)
• PCI Local Bus (32-bit)
2) Display Memory Interface
3) CRT / Panel / Video Interface
To design a system around the 65540 or 65545, one schematic page would be selected from each of the groups
above.
Selection of a bus interface for the VGA controller is generally dictated by the type of bus and CPU available in the
system. If performance is a concern, however, and a 386 or 486 CPU is being used, a local bus interface should
be considered and linear addressing support should be implemented. Linear addressing improves performance in
GUI environments such as Windows™ by allowing the software used to access display memory (typically the
Windows Driver) to be more efficient. Clock connections are shown as part of the bus interface diagrams. A
14.31818 MHz reference crystal is shown, although if a clean source of 14.31818 MHz is available in the system,
it may be input on XTALI and the crystal would then not be required.
Generally, 256Kx16 DRAMs would be used for display memory, although, if desired, the memory interface may
be designed to use 256Kx4's instead. 256Kx16 DRAMs come in two types: one write enable (WE#) with two
CAS# inputs (one for the high byte and one for the low byte) or one CAS# input with two write enables (one for
the high byte and one for the low byte). Either variety of DRAM may be used (default is to the 2-CAS variety with
a programming option in the 65540 / 545 to change the memory control outputs for compatibility with either type).
CHIPS' BIOS is able to detect which type is connected and program the controller accordingly. It is also possible
to lay out a PCB to allow either type to be used. The memory interface diagram also shows how to interface the
6554x to CHIPS' PC-Video products to provide live video overlay capability.
An interface diagram is included showing connections to a standard CRT display. Panel interfaces, however, are
not as standardized (generally every panel interface is different). To show how to interface to a wide variety of
commonly available panels, the interface diagram in this section shows the connections used on CHIPS' DK
(Development Kit) Printed Circuit Board from the 6554x chip to connectors defined by CHIPS on that board. In
the following section of this document, examples are included showing connections from those DK board
connectors to a number of typical panels. The DK board connectors are used to simplify evaluation of the 6554x
with various panels; a real system would not typically use the connectors shown, but would instead interface
directly to the connector(s) used by the panel manufacturer.
Revision 1.2 209 65540 / 545

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207
RESET 33 ohm RESET#
B02 14.31818 203 XTALI (65545 Only)
0.01uF 204
MHz XTALO ISA Bus PCI Bus
ALE 22
B28 AEN 31 ADS# <ALE> "FRAME#"
A11 M/IO# <AEN> "PAR"
C09 MEMR# 11 W/R# <MEMR#> "IDSEL"
B14 IORD# 27 LCLK (2XCLK) <IORD#> "STOP#"
RDY 24
A10 LRDY# <RDY> "TRDY#"
IOWR# 25
B13 MEMW# 23 LDEV# <IOWR#> "DEVSEL#"
C10 RRTN# (CRST) <MEMW#> "IRDY#"
Use as ENABKL 54 A27 (ENABKL)
Use as ACTI 53 A26 (ACTI)
IRQ9 30
B04 A25 <IRQ> "SERR#"
Use as ROMCS# if required 29 A24 <ROMCS#> "PERR#"
LA23 28
C02 A23 <LA23> "Reserved"
LA22 201
C03 A22 <LA22> "CLK"
C04 LA21 200 A21 <LA21> "Reserved"
C05
LA20
A19
199
198
A20 65540 <LA20> "Reserved"
A12 A19 <LA19> "Reserved"
A13
A18
A17
197
196
A18 or <LA18> "Reserved"
A14 A17 <LA17> "Reserved"
A15 A16
A15
195
194
A16 65545 <A16> "Reserved"
A16 A14 193 A15 Bus <A15> "Reserved"
A17 A14 Interface <A14> "Reserved"
A18 A13 192 A13 <A13> "Reserved"
A12 191
A19 A11 190 A12 Default <A12> "Reserved"
A20 A10 189 A11 Names <A11> "Reserved"
A21 A10 Indicate <A10> "Reserved"
A22 A9 188 A9 <A9> "Reserved"
A8 187 VL-Bus
A23 A8 or 1x/2x <A8> "Reserved"
A7 186
A24 A6 185 A7 486 CPU <A7> "Reserved"
A25 A5 183 A6 Direct <A6> "Reserved"
A26 A5 Local Bus <A5> "Reserved"
A2 179
A29 RFSH# 10 A2 <A2> "Reserved"
B19 A1 21 BE3# <RFSH#> "C/BE3#"
A30 BE2# <A1> "C/BE2#"
C01 BHE# 32 BE1# <BHE#> "C/BE1#"
A31 A0 43 BE0# <A0> "C/BE0#"
1
+5V = B3, B29, D16 Circuit Example 2 D31 <Reserved> "AD31"
6554x ISA Bus Interface 3 D30 <Reserved> "AD30"
GND = B1, B10,B31,D18 D29 <Reserved> "AD29"
4 D28 <Reserved> "AD28"
NOTE: Additional data output drive may be enabled by programming 5 D27 <Reserved> "AD27"
XR6C bit 3=0. 6
NOTE: The 6554x may be configured for ISA operation by connecting pin 8 D25 <Reserved> "AD25"
D24 <Reserved> "AD24"
146 (AA1/ISA#) to GND via a 4.7K resistor. 13 D23 <Reserved> "AD23"
14
NOTE: Can use external 14.31818MHz oscillator into XTALI (with XTALO 15 D22 <Reserved> "AD22"
not connected) by connecting pin 150 (AA5/OC#) to GND via a 16 D21 <Reserved> "AD21"
4.7K resistor. D20 <Reserved> "AD20"
IOCS16# 18
D02 D18 <IOCS16#> "AD18"
MEMCS16# 19
D01 ZWS# 20 D17 <MCS16#> "AD17"
B08 D16 <ZWS#> "AD16"
D15 33
C18 D15 <D15> "AD15"
C17 D14 34 D14 <D14> "AD14"
D13 35
C16 D13 <D13> "AD13"
D12 36
C15 D11 37 D12 <D12> "AD12"
C14 D11 <D11> "AD11"
D10 38
C13 D10 <D10> "AD10"
C12 D09 40 D9 <D9> "AD9"
D08 41
C11 D07 44 D8 <D8> "AD8"
A02 D7 <D7> "AD7"
D06 45
A03 D6 <D6> "AD6"
A04 D05 46 D5 <D5> "AD5"
D04 47
A05 D4 <D4> "AD4"
D03 48
A06 D02 49 D3 <D3> "AD3"
A07 D01 50 D2 <D2> "AD2"
A08 D1 <D1> "AD1"
D00 51
A09 D0 <D0> "AD0"
Revision 1.2 210 65540 / 545
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To Systems Logic SYSRESET# VL-B42
RESET# 207
RESET#
203 (65545 Only)
486 S-Series 486DX/SX 14.31818 MHz 204 XTALI
196pin PQFP Cx486S/S2 XTALO ISA Bus PCI Bus
ADS# ADS# 22
CPU-145 CPU-S17 VL-A45 ADS# <ALE> "FRAME#"
CPU-111 CPU-N16 MIO# VL-B44 M/IO# 31 M/IO# <AEN> "PAR"
CPU-120 CPU-N17 W/R# VL-B45 W/R# 11 W/R# <MEMR#> "IDSEL"
CPUCLK LCLK 27
CPU-123 CPU-C3 RDY# VL-B56 LRDY# 24 LCLK (2XCLK) <IORD#> "STOP#"
CPU-133 CPU-F16 VL-A48 LRDY# <RDY> "TRDY#"
LDEV# 25
To Local Bus Control Logic VL-A49 LDEV# <IOWR#> "DEVSEL#"
VL-B48 RDYRTN# 23 RRTN# (CRST) <MEMW#> "IRDY#"
A27 or ENABKL A27 54
CPU-9 CPU-?? VL-B24 A27 (ENABKL)
CPU-8 CPU-?? A26 or ACTI VL-A23 A26 53 A26 (ACTI)
A25 A25 30
CPU-7 CPU-?? VL-B25 A25 <IRQ> "SERR#"
A24 A24 29
CPU-5 CPU-?? VL-A25 A24 <ROMCS#> "PERR#"
CPU-4 CPU-S3 A23 VL-B26 A23 28 A23 <LA23> "Reserved"
A22 A22 201
CPU-3 CPU-Q7 VL-A26 A22 <LA22> "CLK"
A21 A21 200
CPU-2 CPU-Q5 VL-B27 A20 A21 <LA21> "Reserved"
CPU-193 CPU-Q8 A20
A19
VL-A28
A19
199
198
A20 65540 <LA20> "Reserved"
CPU-191 CPU-Q4 VL-B28 A19 <LA19> "Reserved"
CPU-189 CPU-R5 A18
A17
VL-A29 A18
A17
197
196
A18 or <LA18> "Reserved"
CPU-183 CPU-Q3 VL-B30 A16 A17 <LA17> "Reserved"
CPU-181 CPU-Q9
A16
A15 VL-A30 A15
195
194 A16 65545 <A16> "Reserved"
CPU-180 CPU-R7 A14 VL-B31 A14 193 A15 Bus <A15> "Reserved"
CPU-178 CPU-S5 VL-A31 A13 A14 Interface <A14> "Reserved"
CPU-Q10 A13
192
CPU-176 A12 VL-B33 A12 191 A13 <A13> "Reserved"
CPU-174 CPU-S7 VL-A32 A11 A12 Default <A12> "Reserved"
CPU-172 CPU-R12 A11 VL-B34 A10 190 A11 Names <A11> "Reserved"
CPU-165 CPU-S13 A10 VL-A33 A09 189 A10 Indicate <A10> "Reserved"
CPU-Q11 A9
188
CPU-163 VL-B35 A08 A9 VL-Bus <A9> "Reserved"
CPU-R13 A8
187
CPU-161 VL-A34 A07 A8 or 1x/2x <A8> "Reserved"
CPU-Q13 A7
186
CPU-159 VL-B36 A06 A7 486 CPU <A7> "Reserved"
CPU-158 CPU-S15 A6 VL-A36 A05 185 A6 Direct <A6> "Reserved"
CPU-154 CPU-Q12 A5 VL-B37 A04 183 A5 Local Bus <A5> "Reserved"
CPU-S16 A4
182
CPU-152 VL-A37 A03 A4 <A4> "Reserved"
CPU-R15 A3
180
CPU-150 VL-B39 A02 A3 <A3> "Reserved"
CPU-Q14 A2
179
CPU-146 VL-B40 BE3# A2 <A2> "Reserved"
CPU-113 CPU-F17 BE3# VL-A44 BE2# 10 BE3# <RFSH#> "C/BE3#"
CPU-115 CPU-J15 BE2# VL-A42 BE1# 21 BE2# <A1> "C/BE2#"
BE1# 32
CPU-116 CPU-J16 VL-A41 BE0# BE1# <BHE#> "C/BE1#"
CPU-K15 BE0#
43
CPU-117 D31 VL-A39 D31 1 BE0# <A0> "C/BE0#"
CPU-74 CPU-B8 VL-A20 D30 D31 <Reserved> "AD31"
CPU-71 CPU-C9 D30 VL-B19 D29 2 D30 <Reserved> "AD30"
CPU-69 CPU-A8 D29 VL-A19 D28 3 D29 <Reserved> "AD29"
D28 4
CPU-67 CPU-C8 D27 VL-B18 D27 5 D28 <Reserved> "AD28"
CPU-65 CPU-C6 D26 VL-A18 D26 6 D27 <Reserved> "AD27"
CPU-63 CPU-C7 VL-B17 D25 D26 <Reserved> "AD26"
CPU-61 CPU-B6 D25 VL-A16 D24 7 D25 <Reserved> "AD25"
CPU-59 CPU-A6 D24 VL-B16 D23 8 D24 <Reserved> "AD24"
D23 13
CPU-55 CPU-A4 D22 VL-A15 D22 14 D23 <Reserved> "AD23"
CPU-53 CPU-A2 VL-B15 D21 D22 <Reserved> "AD22"
D20 16
CPU-48 CPU-A1 VL-B13 D19 D20 <Reserved> "AD20"
D18 18
CPU-46 CPU-C2 VL-B12 D17 D18 <IOCS16#> "AD18"
D17 19
CPU-45 CPU-D3 VL-A11 D16 D17 <MCS16#> "AD17"
CPU-44 CPU-J3 D16 VL-B11 D15 20 D16 <ZWS#> "AD16"
D15 33
CPU-42 CPU-F3 VL-A09 D14 D15 <D15> "AD15"
D14 34
CPU-41 CPU-K3 D13 VL-B10 D13 35 D14 <D14> "AD14"
CPU-39 CPU-D2 VL-A08 D12 D13 <D13> "AD13"
CPU-38 CPU-G3 D12 VL-B08 D11 36 D12 <D12> "AD12"
D11 37 Circuit <D11>
Example "AD11"
CPU-37 CPU-C1 VL-A07 D10 D11
D10 38
CPU-35 CPU-E3 D09 VL-B07 D09 40 D10 6554x VL-Bus <D10>/ 486 "AD10"
CPU-32 CPU-D1 VL-A06 D08 D9 CPU Direct<D9> Local "AD9"
D08 41
CPU-31 CPU-F2 D07 VL-B05 D07 44 D8 <D8> "AD8"
CPU-29 CPU-L3 VL-A05 D06 D7 Bus Interface
<D7> "AD7"
D06 45
CPU-27 CPU-L2 VL-B04 D05 D6 <D6> "AD6"
D05 46
CPU-26 CPU-J2 D04 VL-A04 D04 47 D5 <D5> "AD5"
CPU-25 CPU-M3 VL-B03 D03 D4 <D4> "AD4"
D03 48
CPU-23 CPU-H2 VL-A02 D02 D3 <D3> "AD3"
CPU-20 CPU-N1 D02 VL-B02 D01 49 D2 <D2> "AD2"
D01 50
CPU-18 CPU-N2 D00 VL-A01 D00 51 D1 <D1> "AD1"
CPU-17 CPU-P1 VL-B01 D0 <D0> "AD0"
Revision 1.2 211 65540 / 545
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n/c REQ# PCI-B18 PCI-A15 RST# 207 RESET#
n/c GNT# 203
PCI-A17 14.318 MHz XTALI
204
n/c REQ64# PCI-A60 FRAME# 22 XTALO ISA Bus PCI Bus
n/c ACK64# PCI-B60
PCI-A34
PAR 31
ADS# <ALE> "FRAME#"
PCI-A43 M/IO# <AEN> "PAR"
PCI-A26 IDSEL 11 W/R# <MEMR#> "IDSEL"
n/c INTA# STOP# 27
PCI-A06 PCI-A38 LCLK (2XCLK) <IORD#> "STOP#"
n/c INTB# TRDY# 24
INTC# PCI-B07 PCI-A36 DEVSEL# 25 LRDY# <RDY> "TRDY#"
n/c PCI-A07 PCI-B37 LDEV# <IOWR#> "DEVSEL#"
n/c INTD# IRDY# 23
PCI-B08 PCI-B35 RRTN# (CRST) <MEMW#> "IRDY#"
54 A27 (ENABKL)
Use as ACTI & ENABKL 53
n/c PRSNT1# PCI-B09 SERR# 30
A26 (ACTI)
n/c PRSNT2# PCI-B11 PCI-B42 PERR# 29 A25 <IRQ> "SERR#"
n/c Reserved PCI-A09
PCI-B40
28
A24 <ROMCS#> "PERR#"
n/c Reserved PCI-B10 CLK 201
A23 <LA23> "Reserved"
PCI-B16
200
A22 <LA22> "CLK"
n/c Reserved PCI-A14 199 A21 <LA21> "Reserved"
n/c Reserved PCI-B14 LOCK# 198 A20 <LA20> "Reserved"
n/c
PCI-B39
SBO# 197
A19
65545 <LA19> "Reserved"
PCI-A41 n/c A18 <LA18> "Reserved"
+V-I/O PCI-A10 PCI-A40 SDONE n/c 196 A17 <LA17> "Reserved"
To +V-I/O 195 Bus
65545 PCI-A16 Keyway n/c A16 Interface <A16> "Reserved"
+V-I/O PCI-A12 194
IVcc +V-I/O PCI-B19 PCI-B12 Keyway n/c 193 A15 <A15> "Reserved"
PCI-A59 Keyway n/c A14 Default <A14> "Reserved"
Pins +V-I/O PCI-A13 192
PCI-B59 PCI-B13 Keyway n/c 191 A13 Names <A13> "Reserved"
+5V PCI-A05 PCI-A50 Keyway n/c 190 A12 Indicate <A12> "Reserved"
+5V Keyway n/c A11 VL-Bus <A11> "Reserved"
+5V PCI-B05 PCI-B50 Keyway 189 A10 or 1x/2x <A10> "Reserved"
PCI-B06 PCI-A51 n/c 188
+5V PCI-A08 PCI-B51 Keyway n/c 187 A9 486 CPU <A9> "Reserved"
+5V PCI-A61 TRST# 186 A8 Direct <A8> "Reserved"
+5V PCI-A01 n/c A7 Local Bus <A7> "Reserved"
PCI-B61 TCK n/c 185
+5V PCI-B02 A6 <A6> "Reserved"
+5V PCI-A62 PCI-A03 TMS n/c 183 A5 <A5> "Reserved"
PCI-B62 PCI-B04 TDO n/c 182 A4 <A4> "Reserved"
PCI-A04 TDI n/c 180 A3 <A3> "Reserved"
+3.3V 179
+3.3V PCI-A21 C/BE3# 10 A2 <A2> "Reserved"
PCI-B25 PCI-B26 BE3# <RFSH#> "C/BE3#"
+3.3V PCI-A27 PCI-B33 C/BE2# 21 BE2# <A1> "C/BE2#"
+3.3V PCI-B31 PCI-B44 C/BE1# 32 BE1# <BHE#> "C/BE1#"
+3.3V C/BE0# 43
+3.3V PCI-A33 PCI-A52 AD31 1 BE0# <A0> "C/BE0#"
+3.3V PCI-B36 PCI-B20 AD30 2 D31 <Reserved> "AD31"
PCI-A39 PCI-A20 D30 <Reserved> "AD30"
+3.3V PCI-B41 PCI-B21 AD29 3 D29 <Reserved> "AD29"
+3.3V PCI-B43 PCI-A22 AD28 4 D28 <Reserved> "AD28"
+3.3V AD27 5
+3.3V PCI-A45 PCI-B23 AD26 6 D27 <Reserved> "AD27"
+3.3V PCI-A53 PCI-A23 AD25 7 D26 <Reserved> "AD26"
PCI-B54 PCI-B24 D25 <Reserved> "AD25"
+12V PCI-A25 AD24 8 D24 <Reserved> "AD24"
PCI-A02 PCI-B27 AD23 13 D23 <Reserved> "AD23"
–12V AD22 14
PCI-B01 PCI-A28 AD21 15 D22 <Reserved> "AD22"
PCI-B29 AD20 16 D21 <Reserved> "AD21"
PCI-B03 PCI-A29 AD19 17 D20 <Reserved> "AD20"
NOTE: Can use external PCI-B30 D19 <Reserved> "AD19"
14.31818MHz PCI-B15 AD18 18
PCI-A31 D18 <IOCS16#> "AD18"
oscillator into PCI-B17 AD17 19
PCI-A18 PCI-B32 AD16 20 D17 <MCS16#> "AD17"
XTALI (with PCI-A32 D16 <ZWS#> "AD16"
PCI-B22 AD15 33
XTALO not PCI-A44 D15 <D15> "AD15"
PCI-A24 PCI-B45 AD14 34 D14 <D14> "AD14"
connected)by PCI-B28 AD13 35
PCI-A30 PCI-A46 AD12 36 D13 <D13> "AD13"
connecting pin PCI-B47 D12 <D12> "AD12"
150 (AA5/OC#) PCI-B34 AD11 37
PCI-A47 D11 <D11> "AD11"
PCI-A35 PCI-B48 AD10 38 D10 <D10> "AD10"
to GND via a PCI-A37 AD09 40
4.7K resistor. PCI-A49 D9 <D9> "AD9"
PCI-B38 AD08 41
PCI-A42 PCI-B52 AD07 44 D8 <D8> "AD8"
PCI-B53 D7 <D7> "AD7"
CircuitExample PCI-B46
PCI-A54
AD06 45
D6 <D6> "AD6"
65545 Interface to PCI-A48 PCI-B55 AD05 46 D5 <D5> "AD5"
PCI-B49 AD04 47
PCI Local Bus PCI-A55 D4 <D4> "AD4"
PCI-A56 AD03 48
PCI-B57 PCI-B56 AD02 49 D3 <D3> "AD3"
PCI-A57 AD01 50 D2 <D2> "AD2"
PCI-B58 D1 <D1> "AD1"
AD00 51
PCI-A58 D0 <D0> "AD0"
Revision 1.2 212 65540 / 545
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DRAM "C" Not Installed

P23 P23 J3–49
P22 P22 16 / 18 / 24-Bit PC-Video
J3–48 16 / 18 / 24-Bit TFT Panels
P21 P21
P20 J3–46
J3 DK PCB P20 J3–45 No ACTI feature w/24-bit
The following bits effect the Panel P19 P19 No ENABKL feature w/24-bit
J3–43
DRAM / PC-Video interface: Connector P18 P18 J3–42 26-bit VL-Bus address range
P17 P17
J3–40 with 18 / 24-bit PC-Video
Display Int Ext P16 P16
J3–39 (up to 28-bit w/16-bit video)
Mem FB FB
XR04[1-0] 00 A&B A&B Opt n/c Reserved
Reserved J2–2 J2–1
01 A A Opt n/c J2–4 J2–3
HSYNC
10 A&C A n/a J2–42 J2–41
VSYNC J2–44 J2–43 Reserved n/c
11 ---- Reserved ---- KEY
J2–46 J2–45
PCLK J2–48 J2–47
XR6F[7] 0=FB in DRAMs A/B Reserved
1=FB in DRAM C n/c J2–50 J2–49
VR7
VR6 J2–6
XR6F[2] 0=Sym Addr (C) J2–8 J2–5
1=Asym Addr (C) VR5 VR5
J2–10
VR4 VR4 J2–12 J2–7 J2 DK PCB
XR05[3] 0=Sym Addr (A/B) VR3
VR3 J2–14 PC-Video
1=Asym Addr (A/B) VR2 VR2 J2–16 J2–9 Connector
VR1 J2–11
XR05[4] 0=2C/1W (A/B) VR0
1=1C/2W (A/B) J2–13 J2–15
VG7 VG7 J2–18
XR05[5] 0=2C/1W (C) VG6 VG6
1=1C/2W (C) VG5 J2–20 J2–17
VG5 J2–22
VG4 VG4
XR05[6] PC-Video Port Enable J2–24 J2–19
VG3 VG3 J2–26
XR05[7] 0=18-bit PC-Video VG2 VG2 J2–28 J2–21
1=24-bit PC-Video VG1 VG1
VG0 J2–23
XR6C[4] 2x Output Drive (A/B) J2–25 J2–27
VB7 VB7
XR6C[5] 2x Output Drive (C) VB6 J2–30
VB6 J2–32 J2–29
VB5 VB5
J2–34
VB4 VB4 J2–36 J2–31
65 VB3 VB3 J2–38
HSYNC VB2 VB2
VSYNC 64 VB1 J2–40 J2–33
(VR0) AA9 154 VB0 J2–35
99 J2–37 J2–39
(VG0) CA9 54
(VB1) (A27) (GPIO1) ENABKL 53
(VB0) (A26) (GPIO0) ACTI
(VR5-2,VG7-2,VB7-2) MCD15-0 D15:0 Used for improving performance
(VG1,P23-16) CA8-0 A8:0 with color DD STN panels
(KEY) RASC# 101 DRAM
103 RAS 256K in simultaneous display mode
(VR7) (CASC#) CASCH# 104 CU x16 "C"
(VR6) (WECL#) CASCL# CL DRAM Optional (PC-Video port not available &
(PCLK) (WECH#) WEC# 102 panel interface limited to 16-bit
100 WE
(VR1) OEC# OE when DRAM "C" is used)
MBD15-0 D15:0
65540 / 545 A8:0
RASB# 123 DRAM
125 RAS 256K Provides additional 512KB embedded
(CASB#) CASBH# 126 CU x16 "B"
(WEBL#) CASBL# frame buffer & display memory
124 CL DRAM Optional
(WEBL#) WEB# WE
OE
Circuit Example
MAD15-0 D15:0 Display Memory / PC-Video Circuit
(CFG8-0) AA8-0 A8:0
156
RASA# RAS 256K
(CASA#) CASAH# 159 DRAM Provides base 512KB embedded
160 CU x16
(WEAL#) CASAL# CL DRAM "A" frame buffer & display memory
157
(WEAH#) WEA# 155 WE
OEAB# OE
Revision 1.2 213 65540 / 545

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J3 = DK PCB J5 = DK PCB
50-Pin Connector 26-Pin Connector
SHFCLK 70 SHFCLK J3-13 SHFCLK J5-9

(BLANK#) (DE) M 69 (BLANK#) (DE) M J3-7 M J5-1
68 (BLANK#) (DE) LP LP
(BLANK#) (DE) LP J3-10 J5-5
67 FLM FLM
FLM J3-11 J5-3
DE DE
J3-8 J5-2
From System Power Control Circuitry

STNDBY# 178 (Tie high if not used)
n/c Reserved
J3-4 J5-6
ENAVDD 62 VDDSAFE J3-1 VDDSAFE J5-8
61 Panel Power VEESAFE VEESAFE
(ENABKL) ENAVEE Control Circuitry J3-3 J5-12
54 12VSAFE 12VSAFE
(GPIO1)* (A27) ENABKL 53 J3-2 J5-10
(GPIO0)** (A26) ACTI
ENABKL ENABKL
J3-5 J5-4
To System Power Control Circuitry (Leave unconnected if not used)
(P23) CA7 97 P23 J3-49

96 P22
(P22) CA6 95 P21 J3-48
(P21) CA5 94 P20 J3-46
(P20) CA4 J3-45
(P19) CA3 93 P19 J3-43
(P18) CA2 92 P18 J3-42
91 P17
(P17) CA1 90 P16 J3-40 J5-7
(P16) CA0 88 P15 J3-39 J5-14
P15 J3-37 J5-16
P14 87 P14 J3-36 J5-18
P13 86 P13 J3-34 J5-20
85 P12
P12 84 P11 J3-33 J5-22
P11 J3-31 J5-24
65540 P10
83
82
P10
P9
J3-30 J5-26
or P9
P8 81 P8
J3-28
J3-27
65545 P7 79
78
P7
P6 J3-25 P7
P6
(LD0)
(LD1) J5-19
FlatPanel P6 76 P5 J3-24 P5 (LD2) J5-21
P5 J3-22 J5-23
VGAController P4 75 P4 J3-21 P4 (LD3) J5-25
P3 74 P3 J3-19 P3 (UD0) J5-11
73 P2 P2 (UD1)
P2 72 P1 J3-18 P1 (UD2) J5-13
P1 71 P0 J3-16 P0 (UD3) J5-15
P0 J3-15 J5-17
J1 = CRT Analog Video 15-Pin Connector
R 60 FB R J1-1
G 58
G
J1-2
B 57
B
J1-3
AVCC 59 +5V RL J1-10
Rset 1% 22 4.7 uH J1-5
RSET 55 uF 0.1 0.047
AGND 56 220pF
J1-6
270 Ω 150, 2% J1-7
FB J1-8
HSYNC 65
HSYNC
J1-13
(DDC1CLK)VSYNC 64
VSYNC
J1-14
Note: DDC2CLK* 5V .001uF n/c J1-9
Rset= 5.4* Rload Rload = R L * 75 Digital Ground DDCDAT** (MS3)ENABKL* J1-15
R L + 75 5V (MS2) n/c J1-4
For R L=75: Rset=202Ω Analog Ground 15K (MS1)ACTI** J1-12
For R L=150: Rset=270Ω (MS0) n/c J1-11
65540 / 545 CRT / Panel Interface Circuit
Revision 1.2 214 65540 / 545

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Panel Interface Examples
This section includes schematic examples showing how to connect the 65540 / 545 to various flat panel displays.
Plasma / EL Panels
Panel
Panel Panel Panel Panel Panel Data Gray
Mfr Part Number Resolution Technology Drive Interface Transfer Levels Page
1) Matsushita S804 640x480 Plasma SS 8-bit 2 Pixels/Clk 16 217
2) Sharp LJ64ZU50 640x480 EL SS 8-bit 2 Pixels/Clk 16 218
Monochrome LCD Panels
Panel
Panel Panel Panel Panel Panel Data Gray
Mfr Part Number Resolution Technology Drive Interface Transfer Levels Page
3) Epson EG-9005F-LS 640x480 LCD DD 8-bit 8 Pixels/Clk 2 219
4) Citizen G6481L-FF 640x480 LCD DD 8-bit 8 Pixels/Clk 2 220
5) Sharp LM64P80 640x480 LCD DD 8-bit 8 Pixels/Clk 2 221
6) Sanyo LCM-6494-24NTK 640x480 LCD DD 8-bit 8 Pixels/Clk 2 222
7) Hitachi LMG5364XUFC 640x480 LCD DD 8-bit 8 Pixels/Clk 2 223
8) Sanyo LCM-5491-24NAK 1024x768 LCD DD 16-bit 16 Pixels/Clk 2 224
9) Epson ECM-A9071 1024x768 LCD DD 16-bit 16 Pixels/Clk 2 225
Active Color Panels

Panel Panel Panel Panel Panel Data Panel
Mfr Part Number Resolution Technology Drive Interface Transfer Colors Page
10) Hitachi TM26D50VC2AA 640x480 TFT LCD SS 9-bit 1 Pixel/Clk 512 226
11) Sharp LQ9D011 640x480 TFT LCD SS 9-bit 1 Pixel/Clk 512 227
12) Toshiba LTM-09C015-1 640x480 TFT LCD SS 9-bit 1 Pixel/Clk 512 228
13) Sharp LQ10D311 640x480 TFT LCD SS 18-bit 1 Pixel/Clk 256K 229
14) Sharp LQ10DX01 1024x768 TFT LCD SS 18-bit 2 Pixels/Clk 512 230
Passive Color Panels

Panel Panel Panel Panel Panel Data Panel
Mfr Part Number Resolution Technology Drive Interface Transfer Colors Page
15) Sanyo LM-CK53-22NEZ 640x480 STN LCD SS 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 231
16) Sanyo LCM5327-24NAK 640x480 STN LCD SS 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 232
17) Sharp LM64C031 640x480 STN LCD SS 8-bit 2-2/3 Pixels/Clk 8 233
18) Kyocera KCL6448 640x480 STN LCD DD 8-bit 2-2/3 Pixels/Clk 8 234
19) Hitachi LMG9720XUFC 640x480 STN LCD DD 8-bit 2-2/3 Pixels/Clk 8 235
20) Sharp LM64C08P 640x480 STN LCD DD 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 236
21) Sanyo LCM5331-22NTK 640x480 STN LCD DD 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 237
22) Hitachi LMG9721XUFC 640x480 STN LCD DD 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 238
23) Toshiba TLX-8062S-C3X 640x480 STN LCD DD 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 239
24) Optrex DMF-50351NC-FW 640x480 STN LCD DD 16-bit 5-1/3 Pixels/Clk 8 240
Glossary:
SS = Single Panel Single Scan
DD = Dual Panel Dual Scan
TFT = Thin Film Transistor ('Active Matrix')
STN = Super Twist Nematic ('Passive Matrix')
Revision 1.2 215 65540 / 545

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DEVELOPMENT KIT (DK) PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD CONNECTOR SUMMARY

DK6554x DK6554x Mono Mono Mono Color Color Color Color Color Color Color
6554x 6554x 26-Pin 50-Pin SS DD DD TFT TFT TFTHiRes STN STN STN DD STN DD
Pin# Pin Name Connector Connector 8-bit 8-bit 16-bit 9/12/16-bit 18/24-bit 18/24-bit 8-bit 16-bit 8-bit 16-bit
Pixels Transferred Per Shift Clock: 8 8 16 1 1 2 2-2/3 5-1/3 2-2/3 5-1/3
71 P0 17 15 – UD3 UD7 B0 B0 B00 R1... R1... UR1... UR1...
72 P1 15 16 – UD2 UD6 B1 B1 B01 B1... G1... UG1... UG1...
73 P2 13 18 – UD1 UD5 B2 B2 B02 G2... B1... UB1... UB1...
74 P3 11 19 – UD0 UD4 B3 B3 B03 R3... R2... UR2... UR2...
75 P4 25 21 – LD3 UD3 B4 B4 B10 B3... G2... LR1... LR1...
76 P5 23 22 – LD2 UD2 G0 B5 B11 G4... B2... LG1... LG1...
78 P6 21 24 – LD1 UD1 G1 B6 B12 R5... R3... LB1... LB1...
79 P7 19 25 – LD0 UD0 G2 B7 B13 B5... G3... LR2... LR2...
81 P8 – 27 P0 – LD7 G3 G0 G00 SHFCLKU B3... – UG2...
82 P9 – 28 P1 – LD6 G4 G1 G01 – R4... – UB2...
83 P10 – 30 P2 – LD5 G5 G2 G02 – G4... – UR3...
84 P11 – 31 P3 – LD4 R0 G3 G03 – B4... – UG3...
85 P12 – 33 P4 – LD3 R1 G4 G10 – R5... – LG2...
86 P13 – 34 P5 – LD2 R2 G5 G11 – G5... – LB2...
87 P14 – 36 P6 – LD1 R3 G6 G12 – B5... – LR3...
88 P15 – 37 P7 – LD0 R4 G7 G13 – R6... – LG3...
90 P16 – 39 – – – – R0 R00 – – – –
91 P17 – 40 – – – – R1 R01 – – – –
92 P18 – 42 – – – – R2 R02 – – – –
93 P19 – 43 – – – – R3 R03 – – – –
94 P20 – 45 – – – – R4 R10 – – – –
95 P21 – 46 – – – – R5 R11 – – – –
96 P22 – 48 – – – – R6 R12 – – – –
97 P23 – 49 – – – – R7 R13 – – – –
54/61 ENABKL 4 5 ENABKLENABKLENABKL ENABKL ENABKL ENABKL ENABKL ENABKLENABKLENABKL
70 SHFCLK 9 13 SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLKLSHFCLK SHFCLK SHFCLK
69 M 1 7 M M M M M M M M M M
68 LP 5 10 LP LP LP LP LP LP LP LP LP LP
67 FLM 3 11 FLM FLM FLM FLM FLM FLM FLM FLM FLM FLM
68/69 DE 2 8 DE DE DE DE DE DE DE DE DE DE
– VDDSAFE 6, 8 1 – – – – – – – – – –
– +12VSAFE 10 2 – – – – – – – – – –
– VEESAFE 12 3 – – – – – – – – – –
– GND 7,14, 6,9,12,14, – – – – – – – – – –
16,18, 17,20,23,26,
20,22, 29,32,35,38,
24,26 41,44,47,50
J3 J2
[+5V] VDDSAFE 1 2 +12 VSAFE GND 1 2 [DPCLK]
VEESAFE 3 4 Reserved GND 3 4 [BLANK#]
ENABKL 5 6 GND GND 5 6 VR7
J 5 M 7 8 DE GND 7 8 VR6
M 1 2 DE GND 9 10 LP GND 9 10 VR5
FLM 3 4 ENABKL FLM 11 12 GND VR1 11 12 VR4
SHFCLK 13 14 GND VR0 13 14 VR3
LP 5 6 VDDSAFE (+5V) P0 15 16 P1 GND 15 16 VR2
GND 7 8 VDDSAFE (+5V) GND 17 18 P2 GND 17 18 VG7
SHFCLK 9 10 +12 VSAFE P3 19 20 GND GND 19 20 VG6
UD0 11 12 VEESAFE P4 21 22 P5 GND 21 22 VG5
UD1 13 14 GND GND 23 24 P6 VG1 23 24 VG4 Development
P7 25 26 GND VG0 25 26 VG3 Board
UD2 15 16 GND (-12V TO -45V) P8 27 28 P9 GND 27 28 VG2 PC-Video
UD3 17 18 GND or GND 29 30 P10 GND 29 30 VB7 Connector
LD0 19 20 GND (+12V TO +45V) P11 31 32 GND GND 31 32 VB6
LD1 21 22 GND P12 33 34 P13 GND 33 34 VB5
LD2 23 24 GND GND 35 36 P14 VB1 35 36 VB4
P15 37 38 GND VB0 37 38 VB3
LD3 25 26 GND P16 39 40 P17 GND 39 40 VB2
GND 41 42 P18 GND 41 42 HSYNC
P19 43 44 GND [Reserved] 43 44 VSYNC
DevelopmentBoard P20 45 46 P21 GND 45 46 KEY
Panel Connectors GND 47 48 P22 GND 47 48 PCLK
P23 49 50 GND GND 49 50 [Reserved]
Revision 1.2 216 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
Programming Recommendations/Requirements
PCB Parameter Register Value Comment
Connector Matsushita S804 Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
ENABKL Panel Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
J3-5 n/c Panel Type XR51[1-0] 00
J3-4 Reserved n/c Connector
BLANK#/DE Clock Divide (CD) XR50[6-4] 001
J3-8 34 DISPTMG Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3] 0
M (ACDCLK) n/c
J3-7 27 GND Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0] 100
J3-6 GND 25 GND TFT Data Width XR50[7] 0 n/a
SHFCLK STN Pixel Packing XR53[5-4] 00 n/a
J3-13 GND 23 CLOCK# Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1] 0 Disabled
J3-14 24 GND
LP (HS)
J3-10 30 HSYNC Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND 29 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5] 0
FLM (VS)
J3-11 32 VSYNC LP Delay Disable XR2F[6] 0
GND
J3-12 28 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D 062h
LP Delay (CMPR disa) XR2F/2E 06Dh
J3-49 PNL23 n/c LP Pulse Width XR2F[3-0] 8h
J3-48 PNL22 n/c LP Polarity XR54[6] 0
PNL21 n/c
J3-46 LP Blank XR4F[7] 0
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
LP Active during V XR51[7] 1
J3-43 n/c FLM Delay Disable XR2F[7] 0
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C 04h
J3-40 n/c FLM Polarity XR54[7] 0
PNL16 n/c
J3-39 Blank#/DE Polarity XR54[0] 1
Blank#/DE H-Only XR54[1] 0
J3-37 PNL15 14 DATA-E0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2] 1
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 18 DATA-E1
J3-34 22 DATA-E2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19 60h
PNL12 Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A 00h
J3-33 26 DATA-E3
J3-31 PNL11 7 DATA-O0 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B 60h
J3-30 PNL10 11 DATA-O1 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64 20Dh
PNL9 Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66 1E8h
J3-28 PNL8 15 DATA-O2
J3-27 19 DATA-O3 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0] 0Ah
Alt Hsync Polarity XR55[6] 1
J3-25 PNL7 n/c Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7] 1
J3-24 PNL6 n/c
PNL5 Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 n/c FRC XR50[1-0] 00 No FRC
PNL4 n/c
J3-21 PNL3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2] 1 Set to 1
J3-19 n/c n/c 1 NC FRC Option 2 XR53[3] 1 Set to 1
J3-18 PNL2 n/c n/c 3 NC
PNL1 FRC Option 3 XR53[6] 0
J3-16 n/c FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0] n/a
PNL0 n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2] 01
GND M Phase Change XR5E[7] n/a
J3-17
J3-20 GND M Phase Change Count XR5E[6-0] n/a
J3-23 GND
GND Compensation Typical Settings
J3-26 GND 21 GND H Compensation XR55[0] 1
J3-29 20 GND V Compensation XR57[0] 1
J3-32 GND 17 GND
J3-35 GND 16 GND Fast Centering Disable XR57[7] 0
GND
J3-38 GND 13 GND H AutoCentering XR55[1] 0
J3-41 12 GND V AutoCentering XR57[1] 1
GND
J3-44 10 GND H Centering XR56 00h
J3-47 GND 9 GND V Centering XR59/58 000h
GND
J3-50 5 GND
H Text Compression XR55[2] 1
VDDSAFE (+5V) H AutoDoubling XR55[5] 1
J3-1 31 +5V
33 +5V V Text Stretching XR57[2] 1
V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3] 11
+12VSAFE V Stretching XR57[5] 0
J3-2 8 +12V
6 +12V V Stretching Mode XR57[6] 0
4 +12V V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0] 0Fh
J3-3 VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) 2 +12V V H/W Line Replication XR59[7] 0
V Line Repl Height XR5A[3-0] 0
6554x Interface - Matsushita S804 ( 640x480 16-Gray Level Plasma Panel )
Revision 1.2 217 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
Connector Sharp LJ64ZU50 Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
J3-8 A8 H.D. Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3] 0
M (ACDCLK) n/c
J3-7 Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0] 100
J3-6 GND B8 GND TFT Data Width XR50[7] 0 n/a
J3-13 GND A7 CKD Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1] 0 Disabled
J3-14 B7 GND
LP (HS) n/c
J3-10 Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5] 0
FLM (VS)
J3-11 A9 V.D. LP Delay Disable XR2F[6] 0
GND
J3-12 B9 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D 04Fh
LP Delay (CMPR disa) XR2F/2E 04Eh
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C 0Ch
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 A5 D13 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2] 1
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 B5 D12
J3-34 A4 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19 52h
PNL12 D11 Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A 15h
J3-33 B4 D10
J3-31 PNL11 A3 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B 54h
PNL10 D03 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64 1F0h
J3-30 B3 D02
PNL9 Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66 1E5h
J3-28 PNL8 A2 D01
J3-27 B2 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0] 0Eh
D00 Alt Hsync Polarity XR55[6] 1
J3-25 PNL7 n/c Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7] 1
J3-24 PNL6 n/c
J3-22 n/c FRC XR50[1-0] 00 No FRC
PNL4 n/c
J3-21 PNL3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2] 1 Set to 1
J3-19 n/c FRC Option 2 XR53[3] 1 Set to 1
J3-18 PNL2 n/c
PNL1 FRC Option 3 XR53[6] 0
PNL0 n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2] 01
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-26 GND H Compensation XR55[0] 1
J3-29 V Compensation XR57[0] 1
J3-32 GND
J3-35 GND n/c A1 NC Fast Centering Disable XR57[7] 0
GND
J3-38 GND
H AutoCentering XR55[1] 0
J3-41 V AutoCentering XR57[1] 0
GND
J3-44 H Centering XR56 00h
J3-47 GND B10 GND V Centering XR59/58 000h
GND
J3-50 A10 GND
J3-1 B12 VL
A12 VL V Text Stretching XR57[2] 0
V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3] 11
+12VSAFE V Stretching XR57[5] 0
J3-2 B13 VD
A13 VD V Stretching Mode XR57[6] 0
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0] 0Fh
J3-3
V H/W Line Replication XR59[7] 0
6554x Interface - Sharp LJ64ZU50 ( 640x480 16-Gray Level EL Panel )
Revision 1.2 218 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
Connector Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
ENABKL Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
J3-5 n/c Epson EG-9005F-LS Panel Type XR51[1-0]
J3-4 Reserved n/c Panel
BLANK#/DE Connector Clock Divide (CD) XR50[6-4]
J3-8 n/c Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3]
M (ACDCLK)
J3-7 5 FR Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND
TFT Data Width XR50[7]
SHFCLK STN Pixel Packing XR53[5-4]
J3-13 GND 9 XSCL Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 4 LP Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND 7 YSCL Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 8 DIN LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
J3-12 LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D
LP Delay (CMPR disa) XR2F/2E
J3-49 PNL23 n/c LP Pulse Width XR2F[3-0]
J3-48 PNL22 n/c LP Polarity XR54[6]
PNL21 n/c
J3-46 LP Blank XR4F[7]
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
LP Active during V XR51[7]
J3-43 n/c FLM Delay Disable XR2F[7]
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
J3-40 n/c FLM Polarity XR54[7]
PNL16 n/c
J3-39 Blank#/DE Polarity XR54[0]
Blank#/DE H-Only XR54[1]
J3-37 PNL15 n/c Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-34 n/c Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
PNL12 n/c Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33
J3-31 PNL11 n/c Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 n/c Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 n/c Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8
J3-27 n/c Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
Alt Hsync Polarity XR55[6]
J3-25 PNL7 15 LD0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 16 LD1
J3-22 PNL4 17 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 18 LD3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 11 UD0 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 12 UD1
PNL1 FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 13 UD2 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0
J3-15 14 UD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
GND M Phase Change XR5E[7]
J3-17
J3-20 GND M Phase Change Count XR5E[6-0]
J3-23 GND
J3-26 GND H Compensation XR55[0]
J3-29 V Compensation XR57[0]
J3-32 GND n/c 10 NC
J3-35 GND n/c 6 NC Fast Centering Disable XR57[7]
GND
J3-38 GND
H AutoCentering XR55[1]
J3-41 V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
J3-44 H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 2 VSS
H Text Compression XR55[2]
VDDSAFE (+5V) VDD H AutoDoubling XR55[5]
J3-1 1
19 EI V Text Stretching XR57[2]
+12VSAFE 20 EO V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3]
J3-2 V Stretching XR57[5]
V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) –19V VLCD V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
J3-3 3
V H/W Line Replication XR59[7]
V Line Repl Height XR5A[3-0]
6554x Interface - Epson EG-9005F-LS ( 640x480 Monochrome LCD DD Panel )
Revision 1.2 219 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
ENABKL Citizen G6481L-FF Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
J3-5 n/c Panel Type XR51[1-0]
M (ACDCLK)
J3-7 9 DF Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND
J3-13 GND 7 CP Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 8 LOAD Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 10 FRAME LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-33
J3-28 PNL8
J3-24 PNL6 17 LD1
J3-22 PNL4 16 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 15 LD3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
PNL3 UD0
J3-19 14 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 13 UD1
PNL0
J3-15 11 UD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-26 GND n/c 6 NC H Compensation XR55[0]
J3-29 n/c V Compensation XR57[0]
J3-32 GND 19 NC
GND n/c 20 NC
J3-35 Fast Centering Disable XR57[7]
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
GND VSS
J3-50 3
VDDSAFE (+5V) DISPOFF# H AutoDoubling XR55[5]
J3-1 5
4 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2]
+12VSAFE V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3]
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) +28V V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
J3-3 1 VO
2 VAA V H/W Line Replication XR59[7]
6554x Interface - Citizen G6481L-FF ( 640x480 Monochrome LCD DD Panel )
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DK6554x
J3-5 n/c Panel Type XR51[1-0] 11 DD
J3-4 Reserved n/c
BLANK#/DE Clock Divide (CD) XR50[6-4] 010 Dclk / 4
M (ACDCLK) n/c Sharp LM64P80
J3-7 Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0] 100 16Level (61w/dith)
J3-6 GND Panel
Connector TFT Data Width XR50[7] 0 n/a
J3-13 GND 3 CP2 Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1] 1 Enabled
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 2 CP1 Output Signal Timing
FLM (VS)
J3-11 1 S LP Delay Disable XR2F[6] 0 Enabled
GND
J3-12 LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D 050h
LP Delay (CMPR disa) XR2F/2E 050h
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
J3-43 n/c FLM Delay Disable XR2F[7] 0 Enabled
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C 04h 4 lines
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-34 n/c Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19 57h
PNL12 n/c Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A 19h
J3-33
J3-31 PNL11 n/c Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B 59h
J3-30 PNL10 n/c Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64 1E4h
PNL9 n/c Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66 1E0h
J3-28 PNL8
J3-27 n/c Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0] 1
Alt Hsync Polarity XR55[6] 1 Negative
J3-25 PNL7 12 DL0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7] 1 Negative
J3-24 PNL6 13 DL1
J3-22 PNL4 14 DL2 FRC XR50[1-0] 01 16-Frame FRC
J3-21 PNL3 15 DL3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2] 1 Set to 1
J3-19 8 DU0 FRC Option 2 XR53[3] 1 Set to 1
J3-18 PNL2 9 DU1
PNL1 FRC Option 3 XR53[6] 0 n/a
J3-16 10 DU2 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0] 26h
PNL0
J3-15 11 DU3 Dither XR50[3-2] 01 256-color modes
GND M Phase Change XR5E[7] 1 Every other frame
J3-17
J3-20 GND M Phase Change Count XR5E[6-0] 00h n/a
J3-23 GND
J3-26 GND H Compensation XR55[0] 1 Enabled
J3-29 V Compensation XR57[0] 1 Enabled
J3-32 GND
J3-35 GND Fast Centering Disable XR57[7] 0 Enabled
GND
J3-38 GND
H AutoCentering XR55[1] 0 Disabled
J3-41 V AutoCentering XR57[1] 1 Enabled
GND
J3-44 H Centering XR56 00h No left border
J3-47 GND V Centering XR59/58 000h No top border
GND
J3-50 6 VSS
H Text Compression XR55[2] 1 Enabled
VDDSAFE (+5V) H AutoDoubling XR55[5] 1 Enabled
J3-1 5 VDD
4 DISP V Text Stretching XR57[2] 0 Disabled
+12VSAFE V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3] 11 DS+TF,TF,DS
J3-2
V Stretching XR57[5] 0 Disabled
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) –18V V Stretching Mode XR57[6] 0 n/a
J3-3 7 VEE
V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0] 0Fh 16 – 1
V H/W Line Replication XR59[7] 0 Disabled
V Line Repl Height XR5A[3-0] 0 n/a
6554x Interface - Sharp LM64P80 ( 640x480 Monochrome LCD DD Panel )
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DK6554x
ENABKL Sanyo LCM-6494-24NTK Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
M (ACDCLK)
J3-7 CN2-18 M Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND
J3-13 GND CN1-5 CL2 Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 CN1-3 CL1 Output Signal Timing
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN1-1 FLM LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-33
J3-28 PNL8
J3-25 PNL7 CN2-12 LD0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 CN2-13 LD1
J3-22 PNL4 CN2-14 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 CN2-15 LD3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 CN1-8 UD0 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 CN1-9 UD1
J3-16 CN1-10 UD2 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0
J3-15 CN1-11 UD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-20 GND n/c CN1-7 NC M Phase Change Count XR5E[6-0]
J3-23 GND n/c CN2-21 NC
J3-29 n/c V Compensation XR57[0]
J3-32 GND CN2-24 VO
J3-35 GND Fast Centering Disable XR57[7]
GND
J3-38 GND CN2-20 VSS H AutoCentering XR55[1]
J3-41 CN2-19 VSS V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
J3-44 CN1-6 VSS H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND CN1-4 VSS V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 CN1-2 VSS
VDDSAFE (+5V) H AutoDoubling XR55[5]
J3-1 CN2-16 VDD
CN2-17 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2]
+12VSAFE
J3-2 CN2-25 DISPOFF# V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3]
V Stretching XR57[5]
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) –23V V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
J3-3 CN2-23 VEE
CN2-22 VEE V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
6554x Interface - Sanyo LCM-6494-24NTK ( 640x480 Monochrome LCD DD Panel )
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DK6554x
J3-4 Reserved n/c
BLANK#/DE Clock Divide (CD) XR50[6-4]
M (ACDCLK) n/c Hitachi LMG5364XUFC
J3-7 Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND Panel
Connector TFT Data Width XR50[7]
J3-14
LP (HS)
FLM (VS)
J3-11 1 FRAME LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-33
J3-28 PNL8
J3-24 PNL6 13 LD1
J3-22 PNL4 14 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-18 PNL2 9 UD1
PNL0
J3-15 11 UD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
GND
J3-50 6 VSS
J3-1 5 VDD
4 DISPOFF# V Text Stretching XR57[2]
+12VSAFE n/c V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3]
J3-2
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) –23V V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
J3-3 7 VEE
V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
6554x Interface - Hitachi LMG5364XUFC ( 640x480 Monochrome LCD DD Panel )
Revision 1.2 223 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
ENABKL Sanyo LCM-5491-24NAK Panel Height XR65/68 2FFh 768 – 1
M (ACDCLK)
J3-7 2 M Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND
J3-13 GND 6 CL2 Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 4 CL1 Output Signal Timing
FLM (VS)
J3-11 1 FLM LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (LD0) 17 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14 (LD1)
J3-36 PNL13 (LD2) 18 LD1
J3-34 19 LD2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
PNL12 (LD3) Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 20 LD3
J3-31 PNL11 (LD4) 21 LD4 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 (LD5) 22 LD5 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 (LD6) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 (LD7) 23 LD6
J3-27 24 LD7 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (UD0) 9 UD0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (UD1) 10 UD1
PNL5 (UD2) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (UD3) 11 UD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (UD4) 12 UD3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-18 PNL2 (UD5) 14 UD5
PNL1 (UD6) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
PNL0 (UD7)
J3-15 16 UD7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
J3-41 26 VSS1 V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
J3-44 27 VSS1 H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND 5 VSS2 V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 8 VSS2
J3-1 25 VDD
V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) +36V
J3-3 28 VEE V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
29 VEE V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
6554x Interface - Sanyo LCM-5491-24NAK ( 1024x768 LCD DD Panel )
Revision 1.2 224 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
ENABKL Panel Height XR65/68 2FFh 768 – 1
J3-4 Reserved n/c
J3-8 n/c
M (ACDCLK) Epson ECM-A9071 Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3]
J3-7 n/c Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND Panel
J3-13 GND A8 XSCL Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14 A10 VSS
LP (HS)
J3-10 A6 LP Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND A5 VSS Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 A7 DIN LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (LD0) B12 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14 (LD1)
J3-36 PNL13 (LD2) B13 LD1
J3-34 B14 LD2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
PNL12 (LD3) Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 B15 LD3
J3-31 PNL11 (LD4) B17 LD4 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 (LD5) B18 LD5 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 (LD6) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 (LD7) B19 LD6
J3-27 B20 LD7 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (UD0) B2 UD0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (UD1) B3 UD1
PNL5 (UD2) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (UD3) B4 UD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (UD4) B5 UD3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 B7 UD4 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 (UD5) B8 UD5
PNL1 (UD6) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 B9 UD6 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 (UD7)
J3-15 B10 UD7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
J3-41 B1 VSS V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
J3-44 B6 VSS H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND B11 VSS V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 B16 VSS
J3-1 A3 VDD
A4 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2 A9 DISP
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) +V† V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
J3-3 A1 VDDH
A2 VDDH V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
† Voltage not specified in panel data sheet; contact panel manufacturer V Line Repl Height XR5A[3-0]
for more information.
6554x Interface - Epson A9071 ( 1024x768 LCD DD Panel )
Revision 1.2 225 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
Connector Hitachi TM26D50VC2AA Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
J3-8 15 DTMG Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3] 0
M (ACDCLK) n/c
J3-6 GND 16 GND TFT Data Width XR50[7] 0 n/a
J3-13 GND 21 DCLK Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1] 0 Disabled
J3-14 20 GND
LP (HS)
J3-10 19 HSYNC Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND 25 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5] 0
FLM (VS)
J3-11 17 VSYNC LP Delay Disable XR2F[6] 0
GND
J3-12 18 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D 04Fh
LP Delay (CMPR disa) XR2F/2E 04Fh
J3-49 PNL23 n/c LP Pulse Width XR2F[3-0] 0Fh
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C 04h
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (R4) 2 R3 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2] 1
PNL14 (R3)
J3-36 PNL13 (R2) 3 R2
J3-34 4 R1 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19 56h
PNL12 (R1) Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A 13h
J3-33 5 R0
J3-31 PNL11 (R0) n/c Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B 5Fh
J3-30 PNL10 (G5) 6 G3 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64 201h
PNL9 (G4) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66 1DFh
J3-28 PNL8 (G3) 7 G2
J3-27 8 G1 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0] 5h
J3-25 PNL7 (G2) 9 G0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7] 1
J3-24 PNL6 (G1) n/c
PNL5 (G0) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 n/c FRC XR50[1-0] 10
PNL4 (B4)
J3-21 PNL3 (B3) 10 B3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2] 1 Set to 1
J3-19 11 B2 FRC Option 2 XR53[3] 1 Set to 1
J3-18 PNL2 (B2) 12 B1
PNL1 (B1) FRC Option 3 XR53[6] 0
J3-16 13 B0 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0] n/a
PNL0 (B0) n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2] 01
J3-17 n/c 30 VR1
J3-20 GND n/c 31 VR2 M Phase Change Count XR5E[6-0] n/a
J3-23 GND n/c 32 VR3
J3-32 GND
J3-35 GND Fast Centering Disable XR57[7] 0
GND
J3-38 GND 29 DOTE H AutoCentering XR55[1] 0
J3-41 14 HREV V AutoCentering XR57[1] 0
GND
J3-47 GND 1 GND V Centering XR59/58 000h
GND
J3-50 22 GND
J3-1 23 VDD
24 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2] 1
+12VSAFE 28 BLC V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3] 11
J3-2 n/c V Stretching XR57[5] 0
26 VEE V Stretching Mode XR57[6] 0
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) –24V V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0] 0Fh
J3-3 27 VEE
6554x Interface - Hitachi TM26D50VC2AA ( 640x480 512-Color TFT LCD Panel )
Revision 1.2 226 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
Connector Sharp LQ9D011 Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
J3-8 CN2-5 ENAB Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3] 0
M (ACDCLK) n/c
J3-6 GND CN1-8 GND TFT Data Width XR50[7] 0 n/a
J3-13 GND CN1-1 CK Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1] 0 Disabled
J3-14 CN1-2 GND
LP (HS)
J3-10 CN1-3 HSYNC Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND CN1-8 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5] 0
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN1-4 VSYNC LP Delay Disable XR2F[6] 0
GND
J3-12 CN1-12 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D 04Fh
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C 04h
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (R4) CN1-7 R2 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2] 1
PNL14 (R3)
J3-36 PNL13 (R2) CN1-6 R1
J3-34 CN1-5 R0 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19 56h
PNL12 (R1) n/c Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A 13h
J3-33
J3-30 PNL10 (G5) CN1-11 G2 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64 201h
J3-28 PNL8 (G3) CN1-10 G1
J3-27 CN1-9 G0 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0] 5h
J3-25 PNL7 (G2) n/c Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7] 1
J3-24 PNL6 (G1) n/c
J3-22 n/c FRC XR50[1-0] 10
PNL4 (B4) B2
J3-21 PNL3 (B3) CN1-15 FRC Option 1 XR53[2] 1 Set to 1
J3-19 CN1-14 B1 FRC Option 2 XR53[3] 1 Set to 1
J3-18 PNL2 (B2) CN1-13 B0
PNL0 (B0) n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2] 01
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
J3-35 GND n/c CN2-6 TST Fast Centering Disable XR57[7] 0
GND
J3-38 GND
H AutoCentering XR55[1] 0
J3-41 V AutoCentering XR57[1] 0
GND
J3-47 GND CN2-3 GND V Centering XR59/58 000h
GND
J3-50 CN2-4 GND
J3-1 CN2-1 VCC
CN2-2 VCC V Text Stretching XR57[2] 1
+12VSAFE n/c V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3] 11
J3-2
V Stretching XR57[5] 0
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) n/c V Stretching Mode XR57[6] 0
J3-3
V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0] 0Fh
6554x Interface - Sharp LQ9D011 ( 640x480 512-Color TFT LCD Panel )
Revision 1.2 227 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
Connector Toshiba LTM-09C015-1 Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
J3-8 CN2-7 ENAB Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3] 0
M (ACDCLK) n/c
J3-6 GND CN1-8 GND TFT Data Width XR50[7] 0 n/a
J3-13 GND CN1-1 NCLK Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1] 0 Disabled
J3-14 CN1-2 GND
LP (HS) n/c
J3-10 Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND CN1-6 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5] 0
FLM (VS) n/c
J3-11 LP Delay Disable XR2F[6] 0
GND
J3-12 CN1-12 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D 04Fh
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C 04h
PNL16 n/c
Blank#/DE H-Only XR54[1] 0 Reqd for this panel
J3-37 PNL15 (R4) CN1-7 R2 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2] 1
PNL14 (R3)
J3-36 PNL13 (R2) CN1-5 R1
J3-34 CN1-3 R0 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19 56h
PNL12 (R1) n/c Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A 13h
J3-33
J3-30 PNL10 (G5) CN1-13 G2 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64 201h
J3-28 PNL8 (G3) CN1-11 G1
J3-27 CN1-9 G0 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0] 5h
J3-25 PNL7 (G2) n/c Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7] 1
J3-24 PNL6 (G1) n/c
J3-22 n/c FRC XR50[1-0] 10
PNL4 (B4)
J3-21 PNL3 (B3) CN2-5 B2 FRC Option 1 XR53[2] 1 Set to 1
J3-19 CN2-3 B1 FRC Option 2 XR53[3] 1 Set to 1
J3-18 PNL2 (B2) CN2-1 B0
PNL0 (B0) n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2] 01
J3-17 n/c CN1-15 NC
J3-23 GND CN2-8 GND
J3-26 GND CN2-6 GND H Compensation XR55[0] 1
J3-32 GND CN1-14 GND
J3-35 GND Fast Centering Disable XR57[7] 0
GND
J3-38 GND CN1-10 GND H AutoCentering XR55[1] 0
J3-41 CN1-4 GND V AutoCentering XR57[1] 0
GND
J3-47 GND CN2-4 GND V Centering XR59/58 000h
GND
J3-50 CN2-2 GND
J3-1 CN2-9 VDD
CN2-10 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2] 1
+12VSAFE n/c V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3] 11
J3-2
V Stretching XR57[5] 0
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) n/c V Stretching Mode XR57[6] 0
J3-3
V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0] 0Fh
6554x Interface - Toshiba LTM-09C015-1 ( 640x480 512-Color TFT LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
Connector Sharp LQ10D311 Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
J3-8 CN2-5 ENAB Shiftclk Div (SD) XR51[3]
M (ACDCLK) n/c
J3-6 GND CN2-4 GND TFT Data Width XR50[7]
J3-13 GND CN1-1 CK Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14 CN1-2 GND
LP (HS)
J3-9 GND CN1-8 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN1-4 VSYNC LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
J3-12 CN1-12 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D
J3-49 PNL23 CN1-7 R5 LP Pulse Width XR2F[3-0]
J3-48 PNL22 CN1-6 R4 LP Polarity XR54[6]
PNL21
J3-46 CN1-5 R3 LP Blank XR4F[7]
PNL20
J3-45 PNL19 CN3-3 R2 LP Active during V XR51[7]
J3-43 CN3-2 R1 FLM Delay Disable XR2F[7]
PNL18
J3-42 PNL17 CN3-1 R0 FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 CN1-11 G5 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 CN1-10 G4
J3-34 CN1-9 G3 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
PNL12 Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 CN3-7 G2
J3-31 PNL11 CN3-6 G1 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 CN3-5 G0 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
J3-28 PNL8
J3-25 PNL7 CN1-15 B5 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 CN1-14 B4
J3-22 PNL4 CN1-13 B3 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 CN3-11 B2 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 CN3-10 B1 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 CN3-9 B0
J3-16 n/c FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17 n/c CN3-14 TST
J3-20 GND n/c CN3-13 TST M Phase Change Count XR5E[6-0]
J3-23 GND n/c CN3-12 TST
J3-26 GND n/c CN2-6 TST H Compensation XR55[0]
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
J3-44 CN3-8 GND H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND CN3-4 GND V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 CN2-3 GND
J3-1 CN2-1 VCC
CN2-2 VCC V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) n/c V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
J3-3
6554x Interface - Sharp LQ10D311 ( 640x480 256K-Color TFT LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
ENABKL Panel Height XR65/68 2FFh 768 – 1
J3-4 Reserved n/c
M (ACDCLK) n/c Sharp LQ10DX01
J3-6 GND n/c Panel
J3-13 GND CN2-2 CK Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14 CN2-1 GND
LP (HS)
J3-9 GND CN2-3 GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN2-6 VSYNC LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
J3-12 CN2-5 GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D
J3-49 PNL23 (even pixel red msb) CN1-7 R12 LP Pulse Width XR2F[3-0]
J3-48 PNL22 CN1-6 R11 LP Polarity XR54[6]
PNL21 (even pixel red lsb)
J3-46 CN1-5 R10 LP Blank XR4F[7]
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19 (odd pixel red msb)
J3-43 CN1-4 R02 FLM Delay Disable XR2F[7]
PNL18
J3-42 PNL17 (odd pixel red lsb) CN1-3 R01 FLM Delay XR2C
J3-40 PNL16 n/c CN1-2 R00 FLM Polarity XR54[7]
J3-37 PNL15 (even pixel green msb) CN1-14 G12 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 (even pixel green lsb) CN1-13 G11
J3-34 CN1-12 G10 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
J3-33
J3-31 PNL11 (odd pixel green msb) CN1-11 G02 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 CN1-10 G01 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 (odd pixel green lsb) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 n/c CN1-9 G00
J3-27 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (even pixel blue msb) CN1-21 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
PNL6 B12
J3-24 CN1-20 B11 Display Quality Recommendations
PNL5 (even pixel blue lsb)
J3-22 PNL4 CN1-19 B10 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 n/c FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
PNL3 (odd pixel blue msb)
J3-19 CN1-18 B02 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 CN1-17 B01
PNL1 (odd pixel blue lsb) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 CN1-16 B00 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 n/c
J3-15 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
J3-35 GND n/c CN2-8 TEST2 Fast Centering Disable XR57[7]
GND n/c CN2-7 TEST1
J3-38 GND
GND
GND
J3-50 CN1-15 GND
VDDSAFE (+5V) +5V H AutoDoubling XR55[5]
J3-1 CN2-13 VCC
CN2-14 VCC V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2 CN2-15 VCC
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) CN2-9 TEST3
J3-3 n/c V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
Use separate +12V source, not +12VSAFE CN2-10 VDD V H/W Line Replication XR59[7]
(sequenced), for panel VDD (panel VDD CN2-11 VDD V Line Repl Height XR5A[3-0]
+12V
must be active before panel VCC) CN2-12 VDD
6554x Interface - Sharp LQ10DX01 ( 1024x768 512-Color TFT LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
PCB Sanyo Parameter Register Value Comment
Connector LM-CK53-22NEZ Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
ENABKL (LCM 5330) Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
M (ACDCLK)
J3-6 GND
J3-14
LP (HS)
FLM (VS)
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (R6...) 15 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14 (B5...)
J3-36 PNL13 (G5...) 23 UD0
PNL12 (R5...) Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 22 UD1
J3-31 PNL11 (B4...) 13 LD2 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 (G4...) 21 UD2 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 (R4...) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 (B3...) 12 LD3
J3-27 20 UD3 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (G3...) 11 LD4 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (R3...) 19 UD4
PNL5 (B2...) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (G2...) 10 LD5 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (R2...) 18 UD5 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-18 PNL2 (B1...) 17 UD6
PNL1 (G1...) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 8 LD7 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 (R1...)
J3-15 16 UD7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-26 GND n/c 1 NC H Compensation XR55[0]
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND 26 VSS H AutoCentering XR55[1]
J3-41 24 VSS V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
J3-47 GND 6 GND V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 5 GND
J3-1 7 VDD
28 DISP V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2 VO V Stretching XR57[5]
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) +38V V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
J3-3 4 VEE
3 VEE V H/W Line Replication XR59[7]
6554x Interface - Sanyo LM-CK53-22NEZ ( LCM 5330 ) ( 640x480 Color STN LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
ENABKL Sanyo LCM-5327-24NAK Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
BLANK/DE# Connector Clock Divide (CD) XR50[6-4]
M (ACDCLK)
J3-6 GND
J3-14
LP (HS)
FLM (VS)
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (R6...) 16 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14 (B5...)
J3-36 PNL13 (G5...) 8 UD0
PNL12 (R5...) Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 9 UD1
J3-31 PNL11 (B4...) 18 LD2 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 (G4...) 10 UD2 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 (R4...) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 (B3...) 19 LD3
J3-27 11 UD3 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (G3...) 20 LD4 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (R3...) 12 UD4
PNL5 (B2...) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (G2...) 21 LD5 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (R2...) 13 UD5 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-18 PNL2 (B1...) 14 UD6
PNL1 (G1...) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 23 LD7 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 (R1...)
J3-15 15 UD7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
J3-41 26 VSS1 V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
J3-44 27 VSS1 H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND 5 VSS2 V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 8 VSS2
J3-1 25 VDD
3 DISPOFF V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) +36V V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
J3-3 28 VEE
29 VEE V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
6554x Interface - Sanyo LCM5327-24NAK ( 640x480 Color STN LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
J3-4 Reserved n/c
M (ACDCLK) n/c Sharp LM64C031
J3-6 GND Panel
SHFCLK (SCL) STN Pixel Packing XR53[5-4]
J3-13 GND 3 XCKL Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 2 LP Output Signal Timing
FLM (VS)
J3-11 1 YD LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-33
J3-28 PNL8 (SCH)
J3-27 4 XCKU Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (B5...) 17 D7 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (R5...) 16 D6
PNL5 (G4...) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (B3...) 15 D5 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (R3...) 14 D4 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 13 D3 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 (G2...) 12 D2
PNL1 (B1...) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 11 D1 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 (R1...)
J3-15 10 D0 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
J3-35 GND n/c 5 NC Fast Centering Disable XR57[7]
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
J3-44 18 VSS H Centering XR56
J3-47 GND 9 VSS V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 7 VSS
J3-1 6 VDD
J3-2
J3-3 8 VEE
6554x Interface - Sharp LM64C031 ( 640x480 Color STN LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
ENABKL Kyocera KCL6448 Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
M (ACDCLK)
J3-7 10 DF Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND 26 DF TFT Data Width XR50[7]
J3-14 30 CP
LP (HS)
J3-9 GND 28 LOAD Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 1 FRM LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
J3-12 35 FRM LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-33
J3-28 PNL8
J3-25 PNL7 (LR2...) 5 LD0 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (LB1...) 4 LD1
PNL5 (LG1...) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (LR1...) 3 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (UR2...) 2 LD3 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 31 HD0 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 (UB1...) 32 HD1
PNL1 (UG1...) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 33 HD2 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0 (UR1...)
J3-15 34 HD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
GND
J3-50 18 GND
J3-1 27 VDD
9 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2 7 DISP#
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) n/c 29 DISP#
J3-3 V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
6554x Interface - Kyocera KCL6448 ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
J3-4 Reserved n/c
J3-6 GND Panel
J3-14
LP (HS)
FLM (VS)
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
PNL14 n/c
J3-36 PNL13
J3-33
J3-28 PNL8
J3-24 PNL6 13 LD1
J3-22 PNL4 14 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-18 PNL2 9 UD1
PNL0
J3-15 11 UD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
GND
J3-50 6 VSS
J3-1 5 VDD
4 DISPOFF# V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
J3-3 7 VEE
6554x Interface - Hitachi LMG9720XUFC ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
J3-4 Reserved n/c
M (ACDCLK) n/c Sharp LM64C08P
J3-6 GND Panel
J3-13 GND CN1-3 XCK Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
J3-10 CN1-2 LP Output Signal Timing
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN1-1 YD LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 (LG3...) CN2-17 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14 (LR3...)
J3-36 PNL13 (LB2...) CN2-18 LD1
J3-34 CN2-19 LD2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
PNL12 (LG2...) Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 CN2-20 LD3
J3-31 PNL11 (UG3...) CN1-8 UD0 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 (UR3...) CN1-9 UD1 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 (UB2...) Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 (UG2...) CN1-10 UD2
J3-27 CN1-11 UD3 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 (LR2...) CN2-21 DL4 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 (LB1...) CN2-22 DL5
PNL5 (LG1...) Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL4 (LR1...) CN2-23 DL6 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 (UR2...) CN2-24 DL7 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 CN1-12 DU4 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 (UB1...) CN1-13 DU5
PNL1 (UG1...) FRC Option 3 XR53[6]
J3-16 CN1-14 DU6 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0] 0BAh ** Important **
PNL0 (UR1...)
J3-15 CN1-15 DU7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND CN1-6 VSS H AutoCentering XR55[1]
J3-41 CN2-1 VSS V AutoCentering XR57[1]
GND
GND
J3-50 CN2-25 VSS
J3-1 CN1-5 VDD
CN1-4 DISP V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
J3-3 CN1-7 VEE
6554x Interface - Sharp LM64C08P ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
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DK6554x
PCB Sanyo LCM-5331-22NTK Parameter Register Value Comment
Connector Panel Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
ENABKL Single Dual Panel Height XR65/68 1DFh 480 – 1
J3-4 Reserved n/c Connector Connector
BLANK#/DE (Panel Spec) (Prototypes) Clock Divide (CD) XR50[6-4]
M (ACDCLK)
J3-7 29 CN1-2 M Gray/Color Levels XR4F[2-0]
J3-6 GND
J3-13 GND 25 CN1-6 CL2 Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14 26 CN1-7 VSS
LP (HS)
J3-10 27 CN1-4 CL1 Output Signal Timing
J3-9 GND 24 CN1-5 VSS Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
FLM (VS)
J3-11 30 CN1-1 FLM LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 15 CN2-16 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 14 CN2-17 LD1
J3-34 13 CN2-18 LD2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
J3-33 12 CN2-19 LD3
J3-31 PNL11 23 CN1-8 UD0 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 22 CN1-9 UD1 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
PNL9 Alt Vsync Start (CR10) XR65/66
J3-28 PNL8 21 CN1-10 UD2
J3-27 20 CN1-11 UD3 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 11 CN2-20 LD4 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 10 CN2-21 LD5
J3-22 PNL4 9 CN2-22 LD6 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 8 CN2-23 LD7 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 19 CN1-12 UD4 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 18 CN1-13 UD5
J3-16 17 CN1-14 UD6 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0
J3-15 16 CN1-15 UD7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND n/c 1
GND NC
GND
J3-38 GND 28 DISPOFF# H AutoCentering XR55[1]
GND
J3-47 GND 6 CN2-26 VSS V Centering XR59/58
GND
J3-50 5 CN2-25 VSS
VDDSAFE (+5V)
J3-1 7 CN2-24 VDD H AutoDoubling XR55[5]
VEESAFE +30V
J3-3 3 CN2-27 VEE V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3]
(±12 to ±45) 4 CN2-28 VEE V Stretching XR57[5]
+12VSAFE V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
J3-2 2 CN2-29 VO
6554x Interface - Sanyo LCM-5331-22NTK ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
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DK6554x Parameter Register Value Comment
PCB Panel Width XR1C 4Fh (640 / 8) – 1
Connector
J3-4 Reserved n/c
GND Panel
J3-6 TFT Data Width XR50[7]
Connector
J3-13 GND CN1-3 CL2 Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14 LP (HS)
J3-10 CN1-2 CL1 Output Signal Timing
GND Shift Clock Mask (SM) XR51[5]
J3-9
J3-11 FLM (VS) CN1-1 FLM LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND LP Delay (CMPR ena) XR2F/2D
J3-12
PNL23 n/c LP Pulse Width XR2F[3-0]
J3-49
PNL22 n/c LP Polarity XR54[6]
J3-48
J3-46 PNL21 n/c LP Blank XR4F[7]
PNL20 n/c LP Active during V XR51[7]
J3-45
PNL19 n/c FLM Delay Disable XR2F[7]
J3-43 PNL18
J3-42 n/c FLM Delay XR2C
PNL17 n/c FLM Polarity XR54[7]
J3-40 PNL16
J3-39 n/c Blank#/DE Polarity XR54[0]
J3-37 PNL15 CN2-6 LD4 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
J3-36 PNL14 CN2-7 LD5
PNL13 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
J3-34 PNL12 CN2-8 LD6 Alt Hsync End (CR05) XR1A
J3-33 PNL11 CN2-9 LD7 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-31 CN2-1 UD4 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
J3-30 PNL10 CN2-2 UD5
PNL8
J3-27 CN2-4 UD7 Alt Hsync Polarity XR55[6]
PNL7 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-25 CN1-12 LD0
J3-24 PNL6 CN1-13 LD1 Display Quality Recommendations
J3-22 PNL5 CN1-14 LD2 FRC XR50[1-0]
PNL4
J3-19 PNL2 CN1-8 UD0 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-16 PNL1 CN1-10 UD2 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
J3-15 PNL0 CN1-11 UD3 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-20
J3-23 GND
J3-26 H Compensation XR55[0]
GND
J3-29 GND V Compensation XR57[0]
J3-32 GND
J3-38 GND H AutoCentering XR55[1]
GND V AutoCentering XR57[1]
J3-41 GND
GND V Centering XR59/58
J3-47 CN2-5 VSS
J3-50 GND CN1-6 VSS H Text Compression XR55[2]
J3-1 CN1-5 VDD V Text Stretching XR57[2]
CN1-4 DISPOFF# V Text Stretch Mode XR57[4-3]
+12VSAFE n/c
J3-3 CN1-7 VEE V Line Insertion Height XR59[3-0]
† Voltage not specified in panel data sheet; contact panel manufacturer V H/W Line Replication XR59[7]
for more information.
6554x Interface - Hitachi LMG9721XUFC ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
Revision 1.2 238 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
J3-4 Reserved n/c
M (ACDCLK) n/c Toshiba TLX-8062S-C3X
J3-6 GND Panel
J3-13 GND CN1-3 SCP Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN1-1 FP LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 CN2-2 LD0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 CN2-3 LD1
J3-34 CN2-4 LD2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
J3-33 CN2-5 LD3
J3-31 PNL11 CN1-8 UD0 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 CN1-9 UD1 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
J3-28 PNL8 CN1-10 UD2
J3-25 PNL7 CN2-6 LD4 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 CN2-7 LD5
J3-22 PNL4 CN2-8 LD6 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-18 PNL2 CN1-13 UD5
J3-16 CN1-14 UD6 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0
J3-15 CN1-15 UD7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
GND
J3-50 CN1-6 GND
J3-1 CN1-5 VDD
CN1-4 DISP V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
VEESAFE (±12 to ±45) +24.5V V Stretching Mode XR57[6]
J3-3 CN1-7 VEE
6554x Interface - Toshiba TLX-8062S-C3X ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
Revision 1.2 239 65540 / 545

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DK6554x
J3-4 Reserved n/c
M (ACDCLK) n/c Optrex DMF-50351NC-FW
J3-6 GND Panel
J3-13 GND CN1-3 CP Frame Accel Ena XR6F[1]
J3-14
LP (HS)
FLM (VS)
J3-11 CN1-1 FLM LP Delay Disable XR2F[6]
GND
PNL21 n/c
PNL20 n/c
J3-45 PNL19
PNL18 n/c
J3-42 PNL17
FLM Delay XR2C
PNL16 n/c
J3-37 PNL15 CN2-2 DL0 Blank#/DE CRT/FP XR51[2]
PNL14
J3-36 PNL13 CN2-3 DL1
J3-34 CN2-4 DL2 Alt Hsync Start (CR04) XR19
J3-33 CN2-5 DL3
J3-31 PNL11 CN1-8 DU0 Alt H Total (CR00) XR1B
J3-30 PNL10 CN1-9 DU1 Alt V Total (CR06) XR65/64
J3-28 PNL8 CN1-10 DU2
J3-27 CN1-11 DU3 Alt Vsync End (CR11) XR67[3-0]
J3-25 PNL7 CN2-6 DL4 Alt Vsync Polarity XR55[7]
J3-24 PNL6 CN2-7 DL5
J3-22 PNL4 CN2-8 DL6 FRC XR50[1-0]
J3-21 PNL3 CN2-9 DL7 FRC Option 1 XR53[2]
J3-19 CN1-12 DU4 FRC Option 2 XR53[3]
J3-18 PNL2 CN1-13 DU5
J3-16 CN1-14 DU6 FRC Polynomial XR6E[7-0]
PNL0
J3-15 CN1-15 DU7 Dither XR50[3-2]
J3-17
J3-23 GND
J3-32 GND
GND
J3-38 GND
GND
GND
J3-50 CN1-6 VSS
J3-1 CN1-5 VCC
CN1-4 DISPOFF# V Text Stretching XR57[2]
J3-2
J3-3 CN1-7 VEE
† Voltage not specified in panel data sheet; contact panel manufacturer V H/W Line Replication XR59[7]
for more information. V Line Repl Height XR5A[3-0]
6554x Interface - Optrex DMF-50351NC-FW ( 640x480 Color STN-DD LCD Panel )
Revision 1.2 240 65540 / 545

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Electrical Specifications
65540 / 545 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM CONDITIONS

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units
PD Power Dissipation – – 1 W
VCC Supply Voltage – 0.5 – 7.0 V
VI Input Voltage – 0.5 – VCC+0.5 V
VO OutputVoltage – 0.5 – VCC+0.5 V
TOP OperatingTemperature(Ambient) – 25 – 85 °C
TSTG StorageTemperature – 40 – 125 °C
Note: Permanent device damage may occur if Absolute Maximum Ratings are exceeded.
Functional operation should be restricted to the conditions described under Normal Operating Conditions.
65540 / 545 NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units

VCC Supply Voltage (5V ± 10%) 4.5 5 5.5 V
VCC Supply Voltage (3.3V ± 10%) 3.1 3.3 3.6 V
TA Ambient Temperature 0 – 70 °C
65540 / 545 DAC CHARACTERISTICS (Under Normal Operating Conditions Unless Noted Otherwise)
Symbol Parameter Notes Min Typ Max Units

VO OutputVoltage IO ≤ 10 mA 1.5 – – V
IO Output Current VO ≤ 1V @ 37.5Ω Load 21 – – mA
Full Scale Error – – ±5 %
DAC to DAC Correlation – 1.27 – %
DACLinearity ±2 – – LSB
Full Scale Settling Time – – 28 nS
Rise Time 10% to 90% – – 6 nS
Glitch Energy – – 200 pVsec
ComparatorSensitivity – 50 – mV
Note: Unless otherwise specified, specifications above apply to both 5V & 3.3V operation & memory clock is assumed to be 68MHz.
Electrical specifications contained herein are preliminary and subject to change without notice.
Revision 1.2 11/11/93 241 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 DC CHARACTERISTICS (Under Normal Operating Conditions Unless Noted Otherwise)
ICCDE Power Supply Current 0°C, 5.5V, 68 MHz, DAC on, 65540 – 180 230 mA
ICCDO Power Supply Current 0°C, 5.5V, 68 MHz, DAC off, 65540 – 140 200 mA
ICCDO Power Supply Current 0°C, 3.3V, 62 MHz, DAC off, 65540 – 78 132 mA
ICCDE Power Supply Current 0°C, 5.5V, 68 MHz, DAC on, 65545 – TBD TBD mA
ICCDO Power Supply Current 0°C, 5.5V, 68 MHz, DAC off, 65545 – TBD TBD mA
ICCDO Power Supply Current 0°C, 3.3V, 56 MHz, DAC off, 65545 – TBD TBD mA
ICCS Power Supply Current 0°C, 5.5V, Standby†, 65540 – – 200 µA
ICCS Power Supply Current 0°C, 5.5V, Standby†, 65545 – – TBD µA
IIL Input Leakage Current – 100 – +100 uA
IOZ Output Leakage Current High Impedance – 100 – +100 uA
IOZ Output Leakage Current High Impedance – 100 – +100 uA
VIL Input Low Voltage All input pins – 0.5 – 0.8 V
VOL Output Low Voltage Under max load per table below (5V) – – 0.5 V
VOL Output Low Voltage Under max load per table below (3.3V) – – 0.5 V
VOH Output High Voltage Under max load per table below (5V) VCC– 0.5 – – V
VOH Output High Voltage Under max load per table below (3.3V) 2.4 – – V
VIH Input High Voltage All pins except XTALI 2.0 – VCC+0.5 V
VIH Input High Voltage All pins except XTALI 2.0 – VCC+0.5 V
65540 / 545 DC DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS (Under Normal Operating Conditions Unless Noted Otherwise)
Symbol Parameter OutputPins DCTestConditions Min Units
IOL Output Low Drive H/VSYNC, LDEV#, LRDY#, ROMCS#, IRQ VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 12 mA
FLM, LP, M, P0-15, SHFCLK, D0-31 VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 8 mA
ENAVEE, ENAVDD, ENABKL, ACTI VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 8 mA
RASA#, CASAH/L#, WEA#, PAR (65545 only) VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 4 mA
RASB#, CASBH/L#, WEB#, OEAB#, AA0-9 VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 4 mA
RASC#, CASCH/L#, WEC#, OEC#, CA0-9 VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 4 mA
All other outputs VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 2 mA
IOH Output High Drive H/VSYNC, LDEV#, LRDY#, ROMCS#, IRQ VOUT=VOH, VCC=4.5V 12 mA
FLM, LP, M, P0-15, SHFCLK, D0-31 VOUT=VOL, VCC=4.5V 8 mA
ENAVEE, ENAVDD, ENABKL, ACTI VOUT=VOH, VCC=4.5V 8 mA
RASA#, CASAH/L#, WEA#, PAR (65545 only) VOUT=VOH, VCC=4.5V 4 mA
RASB#, CASBH/L#, WEB#, OEAB#, AA0-9 VOUT=VOH, VCC=4.5V 4 mA
RASC#, CASCH/L#, WEC#, OEC#, CA0-9 VOUT=VOH, VCC=4.5V 4 mA
All other outputs VOUT=VOH, VCC=4.5V 2 mA
Note: IOL and IOH drive listed above indicates 5V low drive and 3.3V high drive (see also XR6C)
Note: †Standby power was measured using Self Refresh DRAMs with all chip inputs driven to inactive levels and outputs not
connected (or connected to typical external loads).
Revision 1.2 242 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TEST CONDITIONS (Under Normal Operating Conditions Unless Noted Otherwise)
Output Output Capacitive
OutputPins LowVoltage HighVoltage Load
All 12mA and 8mA outputs plus PAR for PCI bus in the 65545 VOL 2.4V 80pF
All Other 4mA output pads VOL 2.4V 50pF
All Other 2mA output pads VOL 2.4V 30pF
65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - REFERENCE CLOCK

FREF Reference Frequency (±100 ppm) 1 14.31818 60 MHz
TREF Reference Clock Period 1/FREF 16.6 69.84128 1000 nS
THI /TREF Reference Clock Duty Cycle 25 – 75 %
TREF
THI
Reference Clock Input
Reference Clock Timing
Revision 1.2 243 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - CLOCK GENERATOR

TC VCLK Period (5V) 68 MHz 14.7 – – nS
TC VCLK Period (3.3V) 56 MHz 17.6 – – nS
TCH VCLK High Time 0.45T C – 0.55T C nS
TCL VCLK Low Time 0.45T C – 0.55T C nS
TM MCLK Period (5V) 68 MHz 14.7 – – nS
TM MCLK Period (3.3V) 56 MHz 17.6 – – nS
TMH MCLK High Time 0.45T M – 0.55T M nS
TML MCLK Low Time 0.45T M – 0.55T M nS
TRF Clock Rise / Fall – – 5 nS
– MCLK Frequency for 100 ns DRAMs (5V) – 50.350 – MHz
– MCLK Frequency for 80 ns DRAMs (5V) – 56.644 – MHz
– MCLK Frequency for 70 ns DRAMs (5V) – 65 – MHz
TC
TCH TCL
VCLK
TM
TMH TML
MCLK
Clock Timing
Revision 1.2 244 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - RESET

Symbol Parameter Notes Min Max Units
TIPR Reset Active Time from Power Stable See Note 1 5 – mS
TORS Reset Active Time from Ext. Osc. Stable See Note 2 0 – nS
TRES Reset Active Time with Power Stable See Note 3 2 – mS
TRSR Reset Rise Time Reset fall time is non-critical – 20 nS
TRSO Reset Active to Output Float Delay – 40 nS
TCSU Configuration Setup Time See Note 4 20 – nS
TCHD Configuration Hold Time 5 – nS
Note 1: This parameter includes time for internal voltage stabilization of all sections of the chip, startup and stabilization of the
internal clock synthesizer, and setting of all internal logic to a known state.
Note 2: The external oscillator input is optional, it may be selected by XR01 bit 5.
Note 3: This parameter includes time for the internal clock synthesizer to reset to its default frequency and time to set all internal logic
to a known state. It assumes power is stable and the internal clock synthesizer is already operating at some stable frequency.
Note 4: Setup time to latch the state of the configuration bits reliably into XR01 and XR6C is specified by this parameter. Changes
in some configuration bits may take longer to stabilize inside the chip (such as internal clock synthesizer-related bits 4 and 5).
It is therefore recommended that configuration bit setup time be TRES (2mS) to insure that the chip is in a completely stable
state when Reset goes inactive.
ResetwithChipOperating
InitialPower-UpReset andPowerStable
VCC
TIPR
TORS
14.318 MHz Valid
(from external oscillator) TRES
RESET#
TRSR TRSR
TCSU TCHD TCSU TCHD
Configuration Lines
AA0-AA8
TRSO
Bus Output Pins
Reset Timing
Revision 1.2 245 65540 / 545

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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - LOCAL BUS CLOCK ( 33 MHz )

TLCP Local Bus Clock Period (33MHz) 0.1% stability at 2.0V / 0.8V 30 30 nS
TLCH Local Bus Clock High Time 12 – nS
TLCL Local Bus Clock Low Time 12 – nS
TLCR Local Bus Clock Rise Time – 3 nS
TLCF Local Bus Clock Fall Time – 3 nS
— Local Bus Clock Slew Rate 1 4 V / nS
TCRS CPU Reset Setup Time to Local Bus Clock For 2x Clock Sync 2 – nS
TCRH CPU Reset Hold Time from Local Bus Clock For 2x Clock Sync 5 – nS
TLCP
TLCH
CCLK / LCLK
TLCR TLCL TLCF
Local Bus Clock Timing
CCLK / LCLK
(2x Bus Clock
Configuration)
TCRH TCRS
CRESET†
† 65540/545 CRESET to CCLK timing should match CPU RESET to CLK2 timing of the CPU.
Local Bus '2x' Clock Synchronization Timing
Note: VL-Bus timing is compatible with VL-Bus Specification 2.0.
Revision 1.2 246 65540 / 545

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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - LOCAL BUS INPUT SETUP & HOLD (33 MHz)
TADS Setup Time - A2-31, BEn#, M/IO#, W/R# 7 – nS
TASS Setup Time - ADS# 7 – nS
TDWS Setup Time - D0-31 (Write) 7 – nS
TRRS Setup Time - RDYRTN# 5 – nS
TADH Hold Time - A2-31, BEn#, M/IO#, W/R# 2 – nS
TASH Hold Time - ADS# 2 – nS
TDWH Hold Time - D0-31 (Write) 2 – nS
TRRH Hold Time - RDYRTN# 2 – nS
CCLK / LCLK
TDWS TDWH
D31-0 (Write)
TRRS TRRH
RDYRTN#
TASS TASH
ADS#
TADS TADH
BEn#, A31-2
M/IO#, W/R#
Local Bus Input Setup & Hold Timing
Revision 1.2 247 65540 / 545

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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - LOCAL BUS OUTPUT VALID ( 33 MHz )

Symbol Parameter Notes CLMax Min Max Units
TDAV Bus Clock to Output Valid - D0-31 (Read) 125pF 3 18 nS
TRDV Bus Clock to Output Valid - LRDY# 100pF 3 14 nS
CCLK / LCLK
TDAV min max
D31-0 (Read) ValidN Valid N+1

max
TRDV min
LRDY# ValidN Valid N+1
Local Bus Output Valid Timing
65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - LOCAL BUS FLOAT DELAY (33MHz)

Symbol Parameter Notes CLMax Min Max Units
TDAF Float Delay - D0-31 (Read) 125pF – 20 nS
TRDF Float Delay - LRDY# Driven high before floating 100pF – 30 nS
CCLK / LCLK
TDAF
D31-0 (Read) ValidN
TRDF
LRDY#
Local Bus Output Float Delay Timing
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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - VL-BUS LDEV#

TLDV Address to LDEV# change 3 – 20 nS
Address Valid
TLDV TLDV
LDEV#
VL-Bus LDEV# Timing
Revision 1.2 249 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - PCI BUS FRAME

TFRS FRAME# Setup to CLK 7 – nS
TCMS C/BE#[3:0] (Bus CMD) Setup to CLK 7 – nS
TCMH C/BE#[31:0] (Bus CMD) Hold from CLK 2 – nS
TBES C/BE#[3:0] (Byte Enable) Setup to CLK 7 – nS
TBEH C/BE#[3:0] (Byte Enable) Hold from CLK 2 – nS
TADS AD[31:0] (Address) Setup to CLK 7 – nS
TADH AD[31:0] (Address) Hold from CLK 2 – nS
TDAD AD[31:0] (Data) Valid from CLK Read Cycles – 11 nS
TDAS AD[31:0] (Data) Setup to CLK Write Cycles 7 – nS
TDAH AD[31:0] (Data) Hold from CLK 2 – nS
TTZH TRDY# High Z to High from CLK – 11 nS
TTHL TRDY# Active from CLK – 11 nS
TTLH TRDY# Inactive from CLK – 11 nS
TTHZ TRDY# High before High Z 1 1 CLK
TDZL DEVSEL# Active from CLK – 11 nS
TDLH DEVSEL# Inactive from CLK – 11 nS
TDHZ DEVSEL# High before High Z 1 1 CLK
TISC IRDY# Setup to CLK 7 – nS
TIHC IRDY# Hold from CLK 2 – nS
Revision 1.2 250 65540 / 545

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CLK 1 2 3 4
TFRS
Hi-Z Bus Hi-Z
FRAME# Turnaround
TCMS TCMH TBEH
TBES
Hi-Z Bus Hi-Z
C/BE#[3:0] Command Byte Enables Byte Enables Turnaround
TADS TADH TDAD TDAH
Read AD[31:0] Hi-Z Address
Read Bus Hi-Z
Read Data Turnaround
Turnaround
TADS TADH TDAS TDAH
WriteAD[31:0] Hi-Z Address WriteData WriteData Turnaround
Bus Hi-Z
TTZH TTHL TTLH TTHZ

Hi-Z Bus Hi-Z
TRDY# Turnaround
TISC TIHC
Hi-Z Bus Hi-Z
IRDY# Turnaround
TDZL TDLH TDHZ
Bus Hi-Z
DEVSEL# Hi-Z
Turnaround
PCI Bus Frame Timing
Note: The above diagram shows a typical PCI bus cycle. PCI bus read cycles require a bus turn-around cycle between address output
and data input on AD31:0. PCI bus write cycles do not require this bus turnaround cycle so the write data is available from the
bus master immediately after address output (in clock cycle 2 instead of clock cycle 3).
Revision 1.2 251 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - PCI BUS STOP

TSZH STOP# High Z to High from CLK – 11 nS
TSHL STOP# Active from CLK – 11 nS
TSLH STOP# Inactive from CLK – 11 nS
TSHZ STOP# High before High Z 1 1 CLK
CLK
TSZH TSHL TSLH TSHZ
High Z
STOP#
PCI Bus Stop Timing
Revision 1.2 252 65540 / 545

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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - ISA BUS

TCPW Command Strobe Pulse Width 6Tm – – nS
TCHR Command Strobe Hold from Ready 0 – – nS
TNXT Command Strobe Inactive to Next Strobe 3Tm – – nS
TALE Address Setup to ALE Inactive 29 – – nS
TASC Address Setup to Command Strobe 30 – – nS
TICS Address to IOCS16# & MEMCS16# Delay – – 2Tm nS
TRSR Read Data Setup to Ready Mem Accesses Only 25 – – nS
TRPW RDY Pulse Width Mem Accesses Only 0 – 100Tm nS
TAHC Address Hold to Command Strobe 20 – – nS
TRDH Read Data Hold from Command Strobe 10 – – nS
TRDZ Read Data Tri-Stated from Command Strobe – – 30 nS
TWDD Write Data Delay from Command Strobe – – 20 nS
TWDH Write Data Hold from Command Strobe 10 – – nS
TRLC RDY Low Delay from Command Strobe (+5V) Mem Accesses Only – – 40 nS
TRLC RDY Low Delay from Command Strobe (+3.3V) Mem Accesses Only – – 55 nS
RFSH#, AEN,
A0-19, BHE#
TALE
ALE
TAHC
TASC TCPW TNXT
Command Strobe
IORD#, IOWR#
MEMR#,MEMW# TRLC TRPW TCHR
RDY TICS
IOCS16#, MCS16#
TRSR TRDZ
TRDH
Data (Read)
TWDD TWDH
Data(Write)
ISA Bus Timing
Revision 1.2 253 65540 / 545

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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - DRAM READ / WRITE

TRC Read/Write Cycle Time 12Tm – 5 – nS
TRAS RAS# Pulse Width 8Tm – 5 – nS
TRP RAS# Precharge 4Tm – 3 – nS
TCRP CAS# to RAS# Precharge 4Tm – 5 – nS
TCSH CAS# Hold from RAS# 5Tm – 2 – nS
TRCD RAS# to CAS# Delay 3Tm – 5 – nS
TRSH RAS# Hold from CAS# 2Tm – 5 – nS
TCP CAS# Precharge Tm – 5 – nS
TCAS CAS# Pulse Width 2Tm – 5 – nS
TASR Row Address Setup to RAS# Tm – 5 – nS
TASC Column Address Setup to CAS# 2Tm – 8 – nS
TRAH Row Address Hold from RAS# Tm – 2 – nS
TCAH Column Address Hold from CAS# Tm – 2 – nS
TCAC Data Access Time from CAS# XR05[2-1]=0 (3MCLK CAS Cycle) – 2Tm – 5 nS
XR05[2-1]=1 (4MCLK CAS Cycle) – 3Tm – 5 nS
TRAC Data Access Time from RAS# XR05[2-1]=0 (3MCLK CAS Cycle) – 5Tm – 2 nS
XR05[2-1]=1 (4MCLK CAS Cycle) – 6Tm – 2 nS
TDS Write Data Setup to CAS# Tm – 5 – nS
TDH Write Data Hold from CAS# Tm – 2 – nS
TPC CAS Cycle Time 3Tm – 1 – nS
TWS WE# Setup to CAS# 1Tm – 5 – nS
TWH WE# Hold from CAS# 2Tm – 5 – nS
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TRC
TRAS TRP
RAS#
TCRP TRCD TPC TRSH
TCAS TCP TCAS
CAS#
TCSH
TASR TRAH TCAH TCAH TASR
TASC
Address Row Column Column Row
TASC
WE#
TCAC TCAC
TRAC
High Z High Z High Z
Data Read Read
DRAM Page Mode Read Cycle Timing
TRC
TRAS TRP
RAS#
TCRP TRCD TPC TRSH
TCAS TCAS
CAS#
TCSH TCP
TASR TRAH TASC TCAH TCAH TASR
TASC
TWS TWH
WE#
TDS TDH TDS TDH
Data Write Data Write Data
DRAM Page Mode Write Cycle Timing
Note: The above diagrams represent typical page mode cycles. The number of actual CAS cycles may vary.
Revision 1.2 255 65540 / 545

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65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - DRAM READ / MODIFY / WRITE

TRRMW RAS# Pulse Width 16Tm – 5 – nS
TCRMW CAS# Pulse Width 6Tm – 5 – nS
TAWD Col Address to WE# Delay 6Tm – 8 – nS
TRWD RAS# to WE# Delay 7Tm – 5 – nS
TCPWD CAS# Precharge to WE# Delay 5Tm – 5 – nS
TOEZ Output Turnoff Delay from OE# – Tm nS
TOEW OE# Write Data Delay Tm + 3 – nS
TOER OE# Read Data Delay XR05[1] = 0 (3 MCLK CAS Cycle) – 2Tm – 5 nS
TOER OE# Read Data Delay XR05[1] = 1 (4 MCLK CAS Cycle) – 3Tm – 5 nS
Note: Read Modify Write timing for 65545 only.
TRRMW
RAS#
TCRP TRCD TCRMW TCP TCRMW

CAS#
TASR TRAH TASC TCAH TASC TCAH

TAWD
TRWD TCPWD
WE#
TCAC TCAC
OE#
TOER TOER
TOEW TOEW
TOEZ TOEZ
TDS TDH TDS TDH
Data Read Write Read Write
DRAM Page Mode Read Modify Write Cycle Timing
Note: The above diagrams represent typical page mode cycles. The number of actual CAS cycles may vary.
Revision 1.2 256 65540 / 545

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65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - CBR REFRESH

TCHR RAS# to CAS# Delay Tm = 15.4 @ 65 MHz 5Tm – 5 – – nS
TCSR CAS# to RAS# Delay Normal Operation Tm – 5 – – nS
Standby Mode 2Tm – 5 – – nS
TRAS RAS# Pulse Width 5Tm = 89 ns (56 MHz) or 77 ns (65 MHz) 5Tm – 5 – – nS
TRAS
RAS#
TCSR TCHR
CAS#
CAS-Before-RAS ( CBR ) DRAM Refresh Cycle Timing
65540 / 65545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - SELF REFRESH

TRASS RAS# Pulse Width for Self-Refresh 100 – – µS
TRP RAS# Precharge 4Tm – 3 – – nS
TRPS RAS# Precharge for Self-Refresh 10Tm – – nS
TRPC RAS# to CAS# Delay 3Tm – 5 – – nS
TCSR CAS# to RAS# Delay Normal Operation Tm – 5 – – nS
Standby Mode 2Tm – 5 – – nS
TCHS CAS# Hold Time 0 – – nS
TCPN CAS# Precharge Tm – 5 – – nS
TRP TRASS TRPS

RAS# TRPC TCSR TCHS
TCPN
CAS#
High Z
Dout
Address
'Self-Refresh DRAM' Refresh Cycle Timing
Note: Upon exiting self-refresh mode, the 65540 / 65545 will perform a complete set of CBR refresh cycles before resuming normal
DRAM activity. The duration of the burst refresh will equal the panel power sequencing delay, programmed in XR5B bits 7-4.
Revision 1.2 257 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - CRT OUTPUT TIMING

TSYN HSYNC, VSYNC delay from VCLK in – 50 nS
TSYN HSYNC, VSYNC delay from VCLK in (3.3V) – 80 nS
TSD VCLK in to SHFCLK delay – 30 nS
TSD VCLK in to SHFCLK delay (3.3V) – 50 nS
VCLK in
TSYN
HSYNC, VSYNC out
TSD
SHFCLK out
CRT Output Timing
65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - PC VIDEO TIMING

TPVS Video Data setup to PCLK 12 – nS
TPVH Video Data hold to PCLK 0 – nS
PCLK
TPVS TPVH
VideoData
HSYNC
VSYNC
PC Video Timing
Revision 1.2 258 65540 / 545

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65540 / 545 AC TIMING CHARACTERISTICS - PANEL OUTPUT TIMING

TDSU Panel Data Setup to SHFCLK 5 – nS
TDH Panel Data Hold to SHFCLK 10 – nS
TDLY Panel Data Delay from SHFCLK 10 – nS
TL2S SHFCLK Allowance Time from LP Tc – nS
TS2L LP Allowance Time from SHFCLK Tc – nS
TFSU FLM Setup Time 8 Tc – nS
TFSH FLM Hold Time 8 Tc – nS
LP
TS2L TL2S
SHFCLK
TDSU
TDLY TDH
Data TFSU TFSH
FLM
Flat Panel Vertical Refresh
LP
First Second Last
Line Line Line
Data Data Data
Transfer Transfer Transfer
FLM
Panel Output Timing
Revision 1.2 259 65540 / 545

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Lead Length
0.5 ±0.2
(0.020 ±0.008)
Lead Pitch
0.50 (0.0197)
Lead Width
0.20 ±0.10
(0.008 ±0.004)
30.6 ±0.4 (1.205 ±0.016)

28.0 ±0.1 (1.102 ±0.004)
®
208-Pin
Plastic Flat Pack DIMENSIONS:
mm (in)
CHIPS Part No. and Revision
F6554x R
Body Size
Footprint
Vendor Mask Identifier XXXXXXX
Date Code and Country of Assembly YYWW CCCCCC
Lot Code (Optional)
LLLLLLL
Clearance
0.25 (0.010)
Minimum
Height
Body Size 28.0 ±0.1 (1.102 ±0.004)
Pin 1 Seating Plane 4.07 (0.160)
Footprint 30.6 ±0.4 (1.205 ±0.016) Maximum
Revision 1.2 261 65540 / 545

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Chips and Technologies, Inc. Title: 65540 / 545 Data Sheet

2950 Zanker Road Publication No.: DS170.2
San Jose, California 95134 Stock No.: 010170-002
Phone: 408-434-0600 Revision No.: 1.2
FAX: 408-894-2080 Date: 10/30/95

F65545 B2

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65540 / 545

BIOS Address RGB To CRT

Revision Date By Comment

Revision 1.2 2 65540 / 545

Revision 1.2 3 65540 / 545

Revision 1.2 4 65540 / 545

Table Page Table Page

Feature Differences ......................................... 7 Parameters - Initial Boot ................................ 197

Revision 1.2 5 65540 / 545

Figure Page Figure Page

Revision 1.2 6 65540 / 545

Revision 1.2 7 65540 / 545

Revision 1.2 8 65540 / 545

65540 / 545 Display Capabilities

Revision 1.2 9 65540 / 545

CPU BUS INTERFACE 65545 HARDWARE CURSOR

Revision 1.2 10 65540 / 545

DISPLAY INTERFACE called ENAVEE, ENAVDD and ENABKL to

9-bit 12-bit ENABKL

Revision 1.2 11 65540 / 545

Supported Video Modes - VGA Standard

Revision 1.2 12 65540 / 545

Supported Video Modes - Extended Resolution

Supported Video Modes - High Refresh

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Revision 1.2 14 65540 / 545

Text Enhancement The 65540 / 545 implements the Tall Font™

Revision 1.2 15 65540 / 545

ADVANCED POWER MANAGEMENT CRT Power Management (DPMS)

Revision 1.2 16 65540 / 545

CPU ACTIVITY INDICATOR / TIMER Panel Interface Registers

Revision 1.2 17 65540 / 545

Reset / Setup / Test / Standby / Panel-Off Mode Summary

Revision 1.2 18 65540 / 545

Color Palette / DAC Internal Block Diagram

Revision 1.2 19 65540 / 545

Clock Synthesizer Register Diagram

Revision 1.2 20 65540 / 545

Revision 1.2 21 65540 / 545

APPLICATION SCHEMATIC EXAMPLES

3. CRT / Panel Interface

Revision 1.2 22 65540 / 545

A13 192 <A13> (DE)(BLANK#) 69 M

A15 194 <A15> 67 FLM

A17 196 <LA17> 65 HSYNC

CVCC1 206 55 RSET

††† RESET# 207 54 ENABKL

ENABKL = (GPIO) (A27) (VB1)

† In 2x clock mode, pin 23 becomes CRESET instead of RDYRTN#

"reserved" A14 193 <A14> (DE)(BLANK#) 68 LP

"reserved" A16 195 <A16> 66 DVCC

Clock XTALI 203

XTALO 204 57 BLUE

CVCC1 206 55 RSET

RESET# 207 54 ENABKL

ACTI = (GPIO) (A26) (VB0)

† In 2x clock mode, pin 23 becomes CRESET instead of RDYRTN#

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