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Quantitative Inheritance PDF

This document discusses quantitative inheritance and its components. It explains that quantitative traits exhibit continuous variation that cannot be analyzed using Mendelian genetics. Genetic variation (VG) is comprised of additive variance (VA), dominance variance (VD), and epistatic variance (VI). Phenotypic variance (VP) equals genetic variance plus environmental variance (VE). Heritability can be measured in both a broad sense (VG/VP) and narrow sense (VA/VP), with the latter being more useful for breeders as it indicates the proportion of variation due to additive genetic effects. Heritability ranges from 0, meaning a trait is not heritable, to 1, meaning a trait is entirely heritable.

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Maricar T. Señara
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166 views13 pages

Quantitative Inheritance PDF

This document discusses quantitative inheritance and its components. It explains that quantitative traits exhibit continuous variation that cannot be analyzed using Mendelian genetics. Genetic variation (VG) is comprised of additive variance (VA), dominance variance (VD), and epistatic variance (VI). Phenotypic variance (VP) equals genetic variance plus environmental variance (VE). Heritability can be measured in both a broad sense (VG/VP) and narrow sense (VA/VP), with the latter being more useful for breeders as it indicates the proportion of variation due to additive genetic effects. Heritability ranges from 0, meaning a trait is not heritable, to 1, meaning a trait is entirely heritable.

Uploaded by

Maricar T. Señara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUANTITATIVE

INHERITANCE
SENARA, MARICAR T. PS2A
QUANTITATIVE
INHERITANCE
B. Analysis of Quantitative Characteristics

C. Components of Phenotypic Variance

D. Heredity
1. Heritability in the Narrow Sense
2. Heretability in the Broad Sense
STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS OF
QUANTITATIVE
TRAITS
Because segregating populations exhibit
a continuous distribution for quantitative
traits, they cannot be analyzed using
traditional Mendelian genetic
techniques.)
GENETIC SOURCES OF VARIATION
Can themselves be divided into several
subcategories, including additive variance
(VA), dominance variance (VD), and epistatic
variance (VI).

Together, the values for each of these


subcategories yield the total amount of
genetic variation (VG) responsible for particular
phenotypic trait: VG = VA + VD + VI
QUANTITATIVE ADDITIVE VARIATION

INHERITANCE
Represents the cumulative
effect of individual loci, therefore the
overall mean is equal to the summed
contribution of these loci.
Introduction to Biology 2020

DOMINANCE VARIATION
Represents interaction
between alleles. If a trait is controlled by
a dominant allele, then both
homozygous
and heterozygous individuals will display
the same phenotypic value.
COMPONENTS OF PHENOTYPIC
VARIANCE
ALL INSTANCES OF PHENOTYPIC VARIANCE (VP)
WITHIN A POPULATION ARE THE RESULT OF
GENETIC SOURCES (VG) AND/OR
ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES (VE).
VP = VG + VE
Introduction to Biology 2020
COMPONENTS OF PHENOTYPIC
VARIANCE
THE TOTAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION (V) OF A
POPULATION IS THE SUM OF THE VARIATION IN
ADDITIVE (A), DOMINANCE (D), GENE-
INTERACTION (I), ENVIRONMENTAL (E) AND
GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION (GE)
EFFECTS:
VP = VA + VD + VI + VE + VGE
Introduction to Biology 2020
VP W= VA + VD + VI + VE + VGE
Meaning:

COMPONENTS OF
VA = Expression of a trait IS NOT affected by the
other allele at the locus.

PHENOTYPIC VD = Expression of a trait IS affected by the other

VARIANCE allele at the locus.

VI = Expression of a trait is affected by alleles at


another loci.

VGE = A given genotype is superior to another in


one environment (differential local adaptation).
HERITABILITY
PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDERS SHOULD KNOW:

• HOW MUCH OF THE PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF A


TRAIT IS DUE TO GENETIC VARIANCE
• HOW MUCH IS DUE TO NON-GENETIC ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS.

BROAD-SENSE HERITABILITY:
H2 = VG/VP
HERITABILITY
IT IS EVEN MORE USEFUL TO KNOW WHAT PROPORTION OF
THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IS DUE TO ADDITIVE
GENETIC EFFECTS.

THE HERITABILITY (NARROW-SENSE) OF A TRAIT IS THE


PROPORTION OF THE TOTAL PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
THAT IS DUE TO HERITABLE (ADDITIVE GENETIC)
EFFECTS:
H2 = VA/VP
Introduction to Biology 2020
HEREDITY
h2 is the proportion of variability that can be
passed on from parent to offspring.

h2 = 0 means that none of the phenotypic


Introduction to Biology 2020

variance among individuals is due to


additive genetic differences (VA=0)
SO offspring will NOT closely resemble
their parents for the trait of interest for
genetic reasons
HEREDITY
When h2 = 1, all the variation among
individuals is due to heritable genetic
Introduction to Biology 2020

differences (VP=VA) and offspring will


resemble their parents very closely.
QUANTITATIVE
INHERITANCE
PROF: MRS SHERYL BISCOCHO

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