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IS 2752 (1995): Activated carbons, granular [CHD 1:

Inorganic Chemicals]

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है”
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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 2752 : 1995
(Reaffirmed 2010)

Indian Standard
ACTIVATED CARBONS, GRANULAR —
SPECIFICATION
( Third Revision )
(First Reprint JANUARY 2001)

UDC 661.183.2-408.8

© BIS 1995

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

December 1995 Price Group 4

 AMENDMENT NO. 1 OCTOBER 2004
TO
IS 2752 : 1995 ACTIVATED CARBON, GRANULAR —
SPECIFICATION
( Third Revision )

( Page 2, clause A-2.1, second sentence ) — Substitute the following for the
existing:
'Grind enough quantity to pass through 75 micron IS sieve (about 1 g), dry in a
preheated forced circulation oven at 145 to 155°C to constant weight, cool in a
desiccator to ambient temperature and weigh very accurately 0.2 g of powdered
carbon and introduce it into iodine flask.'

(CHD 1)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
General Inorganic Chemicals Sectional Committee, CHD 003

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Third Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the General Inorganic Chemicals Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical
Division Council.

Granular activated carbons are used for absorption of obnoxious gases in industry, water purification,
solvent recovery, respirators, cigarette filters and as catalyst carrier. While the material may be prepared
from several sources, it has been found that the material prepared from coconut shell is most effective.
Powdered activated carbons are covered under IS 8366:1989 'Activated carbons, powdered — Specifica-
tion ( second revision )'.

This standard was originally published in 1963 and then revised in 1978. The second revision of this
standard was brought out in 1989 incorporating a new requirement for retentivity index for Type 1
material. The requirement for adsorption capacity for benzene was substituted by adsorption capacity for
carbon tetrachloride and the requirement for number of tests and criteria for conformity were incor-
porated during the second revision of this standard.

In this revision, new requirements for adsorption capacity in terms of iodine number, half dechlorination
value and surface area along with the relevant test methods have been incorporated. A requirement for
decolourizing power which was stipulated for Type 2 (see 3.1) of the material has been deleted.

The composition of the committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex B.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding of numerical values (revised)'. The number of significant places
retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 2752 : 1995

Indian Standard
ACTIVATED CARBONS, GRANULAR —
SPECIFICATION
( Third Revision )
1 SCOPE 3 TYPES
1.1 This standard prescribes requirements and 3.1 The material shall be of the following two types
methods of sampling and test for granular activated depending upon the end use:
carbons. a) Type 1 — For use as a base for respirator
2 REFERENCES carbons and solvent recovery, and
b) Type 2 — For use in water treatment.
2.1 The Indian Standards listed below are neces-
sary adjuncts to this standard: 4 REQUIREMENTS

IS No. Title 4.1 Description

877 : 1989 Activated carbons, powdered and The material shall be in the form of fine black
granular — Methods of sampling granules, free from foreign matter.
and test ( second revision ) 4.2 Particle Size
1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water ( third
revision ) Particle size of the material shall be as agreed to
1260 (Part 1) : Pictorial markings for handling between the purchaser and the supplier.
1973 and labelling of goods : Part 1 4.3 The material shall comply with the require-
Dangerous goods ( first revision ) ments given in Table 1 when tested according to the
2552 : 1979 Specification for steel drums methods prescribed in IS 877 : 1989. Reference to
(galvanized and ungalvanized) the relevant test method is given in col 5 and 6 of
( second revision ) the Table.

Table 1 Requirements for Granular Activated Carbons

Sl Characteristic Requirement for Method of Test,
No. Ref to
Type 1 Type 2
Cl No. in Annex A
IS 877 : 1989

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

i) Adsorption capacity for carbon 55 14 —
tetrachloride, percent by mass, Min
–
ii) Moisture, percent by mass, Max 5 5 4 —
iii) Ash, percent by mass, Max 5 0 5 —

iv) Hardness number, Min 90 90 13 —

v) Retentivity index, percent by mass, Min 45 — 15 —
vi) Adsorption capacity in terms of iodine 900 450 — A-2
4 number, Min

vii) Half dechlorination value, cm, Max 4 7 — A-3

viii) Surface area, m2/g, Min 900 550 — A-4

1
IS 2752 : 1995

5 PACKING AND MARKING Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made
thereunder. The details of conditions under which
5.1 Packing the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be
The material shall be packed as agreed to between granted to manufacturers or producers may be ob-
the purchaser and the supplier. tained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
5.2 Marking 5.3 Storage
Each drum shall bear legibly and indelibly the This material, being potentially flammable, should
following information: be stored in buildings or compartments which are
a) Name and type of the material, as nearly fireproof as possible. Other oxidizing or
b) Indication of the source of manufacture, flammable materials should not be stored in the
same building.
c) Gross and net mass,
d) Batch number, 6 SAMPLING
e) Date of manufacture, and Representative samples of the material shall be
f) Symbol indicating the fire hazards drawn and adjudged as prescribed in 19 of IS 877 :
[ see IS 1260 ( Part 1 ) : 1973 ]. 1989.
5.2.1 The product may also be marked with Stand- 7 NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FOR
ard Mark. CONFORMITY
5.2.1.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed 7.1 All the tests are critical for individual samples
by the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards and also for composite samples.

ANNEX A
(Table 1)
METHOD OF TEST FOR ACTIVATED CARBONS,
GRANULAR

A-1 QUALITY OF REAGENTS i) Standardization of 0.05 N Na2S2O3 against

0.1 N KIO 3 using starch indicator.
Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and dis-
tilled water ( see IS 1070 : 1992 ) shall be used in ii) Standardization of I2 Solution against
tests.
standardized Na 2 S 2 O 3 using Starch solu-
tion as indicator.
NOTE — 'Pure chemicals' shall mean chemicals that do not Suppose, the Normality is 0.103 of
contain impurities which affect the results of analysis.
Iodine.
A-2 DETERMINATION OF IODINE iii) Calculate the quantity of I2 in 40 cc of
ADSORPTION VALUE OF ACTIVATED 0.103 Normality. 1 N in 1 000 cc contains
CARBON (GRANULAR) 127 g of Iodine.
A-2.1 Procedure Therefore, 0.103 N in 40 cc contains
Take about 5 g of granular carbon sample. Grind = 0.523 g
enough quantity to pass through 75 micron IS
sieves ( about 1 g ), weigh very accurately 0.2 g of Calculate the normality of the filtrate
powdered carbon and introduce it into iodine flask. ( after adsorption ) and calculate the
Introduce 40 ml of 0.1 N iodine solution. Shake the quantity of Iodine in 40 cc after adsorp-
contents for exactly four minutes. Filter through tion. Suppose the reading of thio is 11.4
Whatman filter paper No. 1. Take 10 ml of the cc ( Normality of Thio is 0.5 N )
filtrate and titrate against standard sodium thiosul- 10 × X = 11.4 × 0.05
phate solution.
A-2.2 Calculations X = = 0.057 N of I2 after

Solutions required adsorption

a) 0.1 N iodine solution, Therefore, 1 N in 1 000 cc 127 g of Iodine
b) 0.05 N sodium thiosulphate solution, 0.05 N in 40 cc
c) 0.1 N (exact) potassium iodate solution.

2
 IS 2752 : 1995

Quantity of Iodine (after Following items have to be procured before instal-

adsorption) = 0.289 56 lation of Smartsorb - 90
Quantity of Original Iodine is = 0.523 1. Helium-Nitrogen gas mixture approximate-
Quantity of Original Iodine ly in ratio of 25 percent. It is necessary to
(after adsorption) = 0.289 56 know the exact ratio of the same.
2. Liquid Nitrogen with proper cryogenic con -
Therefore, quantity of tainer.
iodine adsorbed = 0.233 g
3. Gas Syringe up to 5 ml.
= 233 mg 4. Precision Balance (0.01 gm sensitivity).
Therefore 233 × 5 = 1 165 mg/g 5. Nitrogen Cylinder (Iolar grade).
A-3 DETERMINATION OF HALF Theory of Operation:
DECHLORINATION The instrument works on the principle developed
A-3.1 Procedure by Breunauer-Emmett-Teller ( Short form BET )
using Nitrogen adsorbed at its boiling point.
Prepare bleaching powder solution in water having Though the basic method is accurate, it takes longer
10 ppm available chlorine in water. Prepare a carb- time and needs special fabrication, high vacuum,
on column of 10 cm carbon bed depth. mercury, etc.
Pass 10 ppm available chlorine water at a rate of Dynamic single point method was developed first
20 M/hr for 30 minutes. Check up initial concentra- by Nelson & Eggertson using Thermal Conduc-
tion after 30 minutes passing through carbon bed. tivity Detector (TCD) and a flow system (N 2 & He
mixture). It has the accuracy of the same order.
A-3.2 Calculation (The use of Krypton for the measurement of sur-
face area in the lower range is avoided taking ad-
Calculate dechlorination half value as follows: vantage of high sensitivity of TCD). They have used
following BET equations.
G1 =

A-4 DETERMINATION OF SURFACE AREA V1 = volume adsorbed at P/Po under

A-4.1 General NTP conditions
Vm = monolayer volume
The surface area is measured by the surface area of C = 5 constant
the solids over a wide range by non-destructive
method. This information is very useful in R & D, P/Po = partial pressure
process and quality control of Catalysts & Absorb-
ents, Ceramics and Refractories, Pigments, Ad- This is a straight line equation with slope =
hesives, Food Stuff, Plastics, Metal Powders, etc.
and intercept =
The operation of the instrument is very simple. The
analysis time required for sample analysis is 10-15
min. which makes it very suitable for Q. C & process
control.
Generally intercept is very small (due to the large
Specification:
value of C ) and, hence, can be neglected.
1. Analysis time : 10-15 min/sample
then, Vm can be calculated as
2. Range : 0.2m2/gm-1 000m2/gm
Vm = Vs (1 - P/Po) ...(2)
3. Accuracy : ± 5 percent
Considering Avogrado number and cross-sectional
4. Reproducibility : ± 3 percent area of N2 molecule, surface area (S. A) expressed
5. Power : 50Hz, 230V, ± 10 in m2/gm can be calculated by following equation.
percent S.A = 4.38 Vm. ...(3)
Installation: Schematic of Operation-Set
The unit is designed for 230 V operation/50 Hz The schematic of the operational set-up is shown in
with less consumption of power. A table space of Fig. 1. The calibrated gas mixture is first passed
4 feet × 3 feet is sufficient for installation. through the Rotameter to control the flow of gas.

3
IS 2752 : 1995

FIG. 1 SURFACE AREA TESTING EQIUPMENT

Normally it is controlled at 60 cc/min. Then it pas- mixture should be around 5-7 psi at the
ses over the reference side of the TCD, the sample outlet indicator of the cylinder. Adjust the
holder or bypass through a two way valve. An gas flow at 60-70 cc /min using middle valve
injection port is provided for calibration before two of rotameter. A gas should purge through
way valve. A known quantity of gas injected is the system for 30 minutes to drive out air
passed over sample side and ultimately comes out inside. The two-way valve position should
through a tube where one can regenerate another be on by-pass during purging.
sample. 3. Switch on the integrator unit and keep it on
for 5-10 minutes stabilization. Then balance
Integrator. the TCD bridge with balance control poten-
It consists of regulated power required for TCD tiometer to zero.
block and integrator. 4. Connect the sample tube with preweighed
sample. Switch the valve to sample side.
Integrator is summation of the signal over a given Allow 5 more minutes to pass. During this
period, which gives an area under the curve. The period the balance indicator will move to
display in the integrator is an arbitrary number the right side indicating that the air in the
which can be calibrated by injecting known amount sample tube is flushed off. When the in-
of nitrogen using gas tight syringe through injection dicator comes back to zero position the set-
port. up is ready for the reading. Reset the
Experimental Procedure: counter.
5. Insert Dewar Flask under sample Tube
1. Regenerate the sample in inert atmosphere slowly. At liquid nitrogen temperature
for two or three hours at appropriate nitrogen from gas mixture will start adsorb-
temperature. ing on the sample. This phenomenon will be
2. Connect the gas mixture (He 75 percent/N2 indicated by pointer on the right hand side
25 percent) to gas inlet. The pressure of the of the instrument. It will return back to zero

4
 IS 2752 : 1995

position once adsorption is complete. Then Vm = V's(1 - P/po)

remove the Dewar Flask slowly. The P/po is the fraction of Nitrogen in calibrated
nitrogen adsorbed will start desorbing at Nitrogen/Helium Cylinder (Valve) is given
room temperature which will be indicated with the cylinder.
on LED display as number of counts. 3. Specific Surface Area (Sp) of the given pow-
6. Inject the known amount of nitrogen in the der,
injection port and find out number of
counts. Repeat this procedure to get counts Sp =
very close to your readings of sample. where
Calculations: M = mass in g of the regenerated material
1. Volume of gas absorbed by sample at STP, taken for the test.
NOTE — Following precautions should be taken while
Vs - operating the apparatus:
vhere a) Do not switch on the unit and integrator before starting
the gas flow. Check the cylinder pressure regularly.
ns = number of counts for the sample
b) Do not allow air to pass over TCD for long time. This
(Desorbtion count) will oxidize the element and shorten the life of TCD.
nc = number of counts for injected c) Switch off the integrator supply before stopping the
known volume of nitrogen gas flow of gas.
(N2 Count) d) One can use Hydrogen/Nitrogen gas mixture instead of
V1 = volume of nitrogen gas injected. Helium/Nitrogen. However, if your sample contains
any element which will adsorb Hydrogen ( for ex-
To convert Vs to normal conditions. ample Platinum ), then it is recommended to use
Helium/Nitrogen mixture only. All necessary precau-
= V's tions should be taken while using Hydrogen/Nitrogen
gas mixture. The procedure for calculation remains the
2. Calculation of monolayer volume (Vm) for same.
single point surface area is given by the
following formula:
IS 2752 : 1995

ANNEX B
(Foreword)
General Inorganic Chemicals Sectional Committee, CHD 003
Chairman Representing
DR M. S. VAIDYA The D h a r a m s i Morarji Chemical Co Ltd, Ambernath

Members
SHRI R. S. VYAS (Alternate to The Dharamsi Morarji Chemical Co Ltd, Ambernath
Dr M.S. Vaidya)
SHRI B. M. AGRAWAL Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute, Calcutta
DR S. K. R O Y ( Alternate )
DR A. N. BHAT Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bombay
DR S. N. K. CHAUDHARI ( Alternate )
DR N. RAVI BHUSHAN Bharat Electronics Ltd, Bangalore
DR R. M. BHATNAGAR Projects and Development India Ltd, Sindri
SHRI R. M. CURSETJI The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay
SHRI C. H. P A G E (Alternate)
SHRI A. K. DASGUPTA Deepak Nitriee Ltd, Vadodara
SHRI D. P. GUPTA (Alternate)
SHRI A. K. D A S Indian Oxygen Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI P. R. DESAI Sarabhai M. Chemicals, Vadodara
DR A. N. SONI (Alternate )
SHRI S. K. DIWAN Federation of Associations of Small Industries of India, New Delhi
DIRECTOR ( C H E M ) Development Commissioner (SSI), New Delhi
SHRI R. MUKHOPADHYAY (Alternate)
DR P. C. GUPTA Indian Chemicals Manufacturers Association, Calcutta
SHRI S. C. GULATI Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Dehra Dun
DR S. H. IQBAL National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
DR C. GOPINATHAN (Alternate)
D R M O H D ZAFAR JAMIL Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
SHRI P. JOYKUMARAN Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi
SHRI N. K. KAUSHAL (Alternate)
SHRI P. MAZUMDAR National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI B. M. SOOD (Alternate)
SHRI A. K. MEHRA Shriram Foods and Fertilizers Industries, New D
SHRI S. L. DEWAN (Alternate )
PROF P. NATARAJAN Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar
DR O. K. SRIVASTAVA (Alternate )
SHRI T. C. PATEL Tata Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
DR K. C. PATHAK ( Alternate )
SHRI P. G. PRADHAN Golden Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. I. BHAGAT ( Alternate )
SHRI G. M. R A O Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur
SHRI S. R. BHAISARE (Alternate)
DR S. S. RATHI Ministry of Defence (DGQA)
SHRI P. D A S (Alternate)
DR S. K. KAPOOR Ministry of Defence (R & D)
DR R. K. SETHI (Alternate)
SHRI C. R. SANTHANAKRISHNAN Travancore Chemicals & Manufacturing Co Ltd, Mettur Dam
SHRI K. V. MANI (Alternate)
SHRI R. C. SHARMA Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi
SHRI A. K. CHATTERJEE (Alternate )
SHRI L. B. SHRIVASTAVA Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi
SHRI V . K. VERMA (Alternate)
SHRI V. B. SONI Union Carbide of India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. K. CHAKRAWARTY (Alternate )
SHRI YUDHISTHIR Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
DR K. N. MATHUR (Alternate )
DR R. K. SINGH, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member)
Director (Chem)
Member-Secretary
D R R . K. JHA
Deputy Director (Chemicals), BIS

(Continued on page 7)

6
 IS 2752 : 1995

( Continued from page 6 )

Minerals for Chemical and Allied Industries Subcommittee, CHD 003:02

Convener Representing
DR A. N. BHAT Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bombay
Members
DR S. N. K. CHOUDHARY (Alternate to Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bombay
Dr A. N. Bhat)
DR G. B D A V E The Anil Starch Products Ltd, Ahmadabad
SHRI V. M. PATEL(Alternate )
SHRI S. R. CURSETJI The Associated Cement Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI C. H. PAGE (Alternate)
SHRI T. S. N. MURTHY Bharat Heavy Plates & Vessels, Visakhapatnam
DR S. M. K. A. GURUKUL (Alternate)
SHRI P. K. NAIR Central Mining Research Station, Dhanbad
SHRI S. C. KALRA Excel Fine Chemical Mfg Co (P) Ltd, Ghaziabad
SMT B. KALRA (Alternate)
SHRI D. J. KAKOTI Indian Oil Corpn Ltd (R & D Division), New Delhi
SHRI A. K. KATHURIA (Alternate )
DR N. BANDOPADHYAY Indian Oxygen Ltd, Calcutta
DR S. GANGULI (Alternate )
SHRI D. K. SANE Indian Petrochemicals Corpn Ltd, Vadodara
SHRI S. S. RAO Ministry of Defence (DGQA), Kanpur
SHRI S. P. SINGH (Alternate)
SHRI T. R. SHAH Newmac Industries, Odhav
SHRI R. V. SHAH (Alternate)
SHRI A. C. SHRIVASTAVA Projects & Development India Ltd, Sindri
SHRI ROHIT KUMAR MADHAVJI Industrial Carbons Pvt Ltd, Ankleshwar

7
 Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users
of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Handbook' and 'Standards Monthly Additions'.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. CHD 003 ( 0987 ).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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