Bazaar

A bazaar is a permanently enclosed marketplace or street where

goods and services are exchanged or sold. The term originates
from the Persian word bāzār. The term bazaar is sometimes also
used to refer to the "network of merchants, bankers and
craftsmen" who work in that area. Although the current meaning
of the word is believed to have originated in Persia, its use has
spread and now has been accepted into the vernacular in
countries around the world.

In Bahasa Indonesia, the word pasar means "market." The capital

of Bali province, in Indonesia, is Denpasar, which means "north
market." Souq is another word used in West Asia and North
Africa for an open-air marketplace or commercial quarter.

Evidence for the existence of bazaars dates to around 3,000 BCE.

Although the lack of archaeological evidence has limited detailed
The Moorish Bazaar, painting by
studies of the evolution of bazaars, indications suggest that they Edwin Lord Weeks, 1873
initially developed outside city walls where they were often
associated with servicing the needs of caravanserai. As towns and
cities became more populous, these bazaars moved into the city
center and developed in a linear pattern along streets stretching
from one city gate to another gate on the opposite side of the city.
Over time, these bazaars formed a network of trading centres
which allowed for the exchange of produce and information. The
rise of large bazaars and stock trading centres in the Muslim
world allowed the creation of new capitals and eventually new
empires. New and wealthy cities such as Isfahan, Golconda,
Samarkand, Cairo, Baghdad and Timbuktu were founded along
trade routes and bazaars. Street markets are the European and
North American equivalents.

Shopping at a bazaar or market-place remains a central feature of

daily life in many Middle-Eastern and South Asian cities and
towns and the bazaar remains the "beating heart" of West Asian
cities and South Asian life. A number of bazaar districts have Bazaar at Khan el-Khalili, Cairo by
been listed as World Heritage sites due to their historical and/or Pascal Sébah from Georg Ebers,
Egypt: Descriptive, Historical, and
architectural significance. Visiting a bazaar or souq has also
Picturesque, Vol. 1, Cassell &
become a popular tourist pastime. Company, New York, 1878

Contents
Etymology and usage
Brief history
21st century
In art and literature
Examples
Albania
Australia
Afghanistan
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh Carpet Merchant in the Khan el
Bosnia and Herzegovina Khaleel, from Georg Ebers, Egypt:
Descriptive, Historical, and
China
Picturesque, Vol. 1, Cassell &
Egypt Company, New York, 1878
Hong Kong
Israel
India
Border bazaars
Assam
Bangalore, Karnataka
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Delhi and NCR
Hyderabad, Telangana
Indore
Jaipur, Rajasthan
Kerala, Keralam
Kolkata, West Bengal
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Munger, Bihar
Odisha
Punjab, India
Uttar Pradesh
Indonesia
Iran
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Iraq
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
North Macedonia
Malaysia
Nepal
Norway
Pakistan
Hyderabad, Pakistan
Karachi
Kashmir
 Lahore
Peshawar
Punjab, Pakistan
Rajdhani
Sargodha
Serbia
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Syria
Tanzania
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Turkey
Belarus
Uzbekistan
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Etymology and usage

The origin of the word bazaar comes from Persian bāzār.[1][2]
from Middle Persian wāzār,[3] from Old Persian vāčar,[4] from
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wahā-čarana.[5] The term, bazaar, spread
from Persia into Arabia and ultimately throughout the Middle
East.[6]

In North America, the United Kingdom and some other European

countries, the term charity bazaar can be used as a synonym for a
"rummage sale", to describe charity fundraising events held by The Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, by
churches or other community organisations in which either Amadeo Preziosi, late 19th century
donated used goods (such as books, clothes and household items)
or new and handcrafted (or home-baked) goods are sold for low
prices, as at a church or other organisation's Christmas bazaar, for example.

Although Turkey offers many famous markets known as "bazaars" in English, the Turkish word "pazar"
refers to an outdoor market held at regular intervals, not a permanent structure containing shops. English
place names usually translate "çarşı" (shopping district) as "bazaar" when they refer to an area with
covered streets or passages. For example, the Turkish name for the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is
"Kapalıçarşı" (gated shopping area), while the Spice Bazaar is the "Mısır Çarşısı" (Egyptian shopping
area). The Arabic term, souk (souq or suk) is a synonym for bazaar in Arab-speaking countries.

Brief history
 Bazaars originated in the Middle East, probably in Persia.
Pourjafara et al., point to historical records documenting the
concept of a bazaar as early as 3000 BC.[7] By the 4th century
(CE), a network of bazaars had sprung up alongside ancient
caravan trade routes. Bazaars were typically situated in close
proximity to ruling palaces, citadels or mosques, not only because
the city afforded traders some protection, but also because
palaces and cities generated substantial demand for goods and
services.[8] Bazaars located along these trade routes, formed
networks, linking major cities with each other and in which
goods, culture, people and information could be exchanged.[9]

The Greek historian, Herodotus, noted that in Egypt, roles were

reversed compared with other cultures and Egyptian women
Troopers in the Bazaar, India, by frequented the market and carried on trade, while the men remain
Edwin Lord Weeks, 19th century
at home weaving cloth.[10] He also described The Babylonian
Marriage Market.[11]

Prior to the 10th century, bazaars were situated on the perimeter of the city or just outside the city walls.
Along the major trade routes, bazaars were associated with the caravanserai. From around the 10th
century, bazaars and market places were gradually integrated within the city limits. The typical bazaar
was a covered area where traders could buy and sell with some protection from the elements.[12] Over the
centuries, the buildings that housed bazaars became larger and more elaborate. The Grand Bazaar in
Istanbul is often cited as the world's oldest continuously-operating, purpose-built market; its construction
began in 1455.

City bazaars occupied a series of alleys along the length of the

city, typically stretching from one city gate to a different gate on
the other side of the city. The Bazaar of Tabriz, for example,
stretches along 1.5 kilometres of street and is the longest vaulted
bazaar in the world.[13] Moosavi argues that the Middle-Eastern
bazaar evolved in a linear pattern, whereas the market places of
the West were more centralised.[14]

In pre-Islamic Arabia, two types of bazaar existed: permanent

urban markets and temporary seasonal markets. The temporary
seasonal markets were held at specific times of the year and
became associated with particular types of produce. Suq Hijr in
Bahrain was noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was known for
its spices and perfumes. In spite of the centrality of the Middle
East in the history of bazaars, relatively little is known due to the
lack of archaeological evidence. However, documentary sources
point to permanent marketplaces in cities from as early as 550
Timcheh Amin-o-Dowleh, Kashan
BCE.[15]
Bazaar, Iran, c. 1800
Nejad has made a detailed study of early bazaars in Iran and
identifies two distinct types, based on their place within the
economy, namely:[16]
 * Commercial bazaars (or retail bazaars): emerged as part of an urban economy not
based on a merchant system
* Socio-commercial bazaars: formed in economies based on a merchant system, socio-
economic bazaars are situated on major trade routes and are well integrated into the
city's structural and spatial systems

In the 1840s, Charles White described the Yessir Bazary of Constantinople in the following terms:[17]

"The interior consists of an irregular quadrangle. In the center is a detached building, the
upper portion serving as a lodging for slavedealers, and underneath are cells for newly
imported slaves. To this is attached a coffee-house, and near to it a half-ruined mosque.
Around the three habitable sides of the court runs an open colonnade, supported by
wooden columns, and approached by steps at an angle. Under the colonnade are
platforms, separated from each other by low railings and benches. Upon these, dealers
and customers may be seen during business hours smoking and discussing prices.

Behind these platforms are ranges of small chambers, divided into two compartments by
a trellice-work. The habitable part is raised about three feet from the ground; the
remainder serves as passage and cooking place. The front portion is generally tenanted
by black, and the rear by white slaves. These chambers are exclusively devoted to
females. Those to the north and west are destined for second hand negresses or white
women – that is, for slaves who have been previously purchased and instructed, and are
sent to be resold. The hovels to the east are reserved for newly imported negresses, or
black and white women of low price.

The platforms are divided from the chambers by a narrow alley, on the wall side of which
are benches, where women are exposed for sale. This alley serves as a passage of
communication and walk for the brokers, who sell slaves by auction and on commission.
In this case, the brokers walk around, followed by the slaves, and announce the price
offered. Purchasers, seated on the platforms, then examine, question and bid, as suits
their fancy, until at length the woman is sold or withdrawn."

21st century
In the Middle East, the bazaar is considered to be "the beating heart of the city and a symbol of Islamic
architecture and culture of high significance."[18] Today, bazaars are popular sites for tourists and some
of these ancient bazaars have been listed as world heritage sites or national monuments on the basis of
their historical, cultural or architectural value.

The Medina of Fez, Morocco, with its labyrinthine covered market streets was listed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1981.[19] Al-Madina Souq is part of the ancient city of Aleppo, another UNESCO
World Heritage Site since 1986.[20] The Bazaar complex at Tabriz, Iran was listed in 2010.[21] The
Bazaar of Qaisiyariye in Lar, Iran is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[22]

In art and literature

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans conquered and excavated parts of North Africa and the
Levant. These regions now make up what is called the Middle East, but in the past were known as the
Orient. Europeans sharply divided peoples into two broad groups – the European West and the East or
Orient; us and the other. Europeans often saw Orientals as the opposite of Western civilisation; the
peoples could be threatening- they were "despotic, static and irrational whereas Europe was viewed as
democratic, dynamic and rational."[23] At the same time, the Orient was seen as exotic, mysterious, a
place of fables and beauty. This fascination with the other gave rise to a genre of painting known as
Orientalism. Artists focused on the exotic beauty of the land – the markets, caravans and snake charmers.
Islamic architecture also became favorite subject matter. European society generally frowned on nude
painting – but harems, concubines and slave markets, presented as quasi-documentary works, satisfied
European desires for pornographic art. The Oriental female wearing a veil was a particularly tempting
subject because she was hidden from view, adding to her mysterious allure.[24]

French painter Jean-Étienne Liotard visited Istanbul in the 17th century and painted pastels of Turkish
domestic scenes. British painter John Frederick Lewis who lived for several years in a traditional
mansion in Cairo, painted highly detailed works showing realistic genre scenes of Middle Eastern life.
Edwin Lord Weeks was a notable American example of a 19th-century artist and author in the
Orientalism genre. His parents were wealthy tea and spice merchants who were able to fund his travels
and interest in painting. In 1895 Weeks wrote and illustrated a book of travels titled From the Black Sea
through Persia and India. Other notable painters in the Orientalist genre who included scenes of street
life and market-based trade in their work are Jean-Léon Gérôme Delacroix (1824–1904), Alexandre-
Gabriel Decamps (1803–1860), Frederic Leighton (1830–1896), Eugène Alexis Girardet 1853–1907 and
William Holman Hunt (1827–1910), who all found inspiration in Oriental street scenes, trading and
commerce.[25]

A proliferation of both Oriental fiction and travel writing occurred during the early modern period.[26]
British Romantic literature in the Orientalism tradition has its origins in the early eighteenth century, with
the first translations of The Arabian Nights (translated into English from the French in 1705–08). The
popularity of this work inspired authors to develop a new genre, the Oriental tale. Samuel Johnson's
History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, (1759) is mid-century example of the genre.[27] Byron's
Oriental Tales, is another example of the Romantic Orientalism genre.[28]

Many English visitors to the Orient wrote narratives around their travels. Although these works were
purportedly non-fiction, they were notoriously unreliable. Many of these accounts provided detailed
descriptions of market places, trading and commerce.[29] Examples of travel writing include: Les
Mysteres de L'Egypte Devoiles by Olympe Audouard published in 1865[30] and Jacques Majorelle's Road
Trip Diary of a Painter in the Atlas and the Anti-Atlas published in 1922[31]

Selected paintings & watercolours with bazaar scenes as subject matter

Marriage Procession in Silk Bazaar El Bazaar of The Bazaar,
a Bazaar, unknown, Mercers' Moo the by
1645 Bazaar, Ristan, by Coppersm Alexandre
Cairo by David iths by Defaux,
David Roberts, David 1856
Roberts, 1838 Roberts,
Cairo, 1838
1838, in
The Holy
Land,
Syria,
Idumea,
Arabia,
Egypt,
and Nubia

Dans le Souk aux Bazaar by Vasily Copper Market, Cairo by

Cuivres by Nicola Vereshchagin, c. 1870 Edward Angelo Goodall,
Forcella, before 1868 1871

A Market in The Moroccan Market, Rabat, Cashmere

Isphahan by Edwin Metalsmith by Edwin Lord Weeks, Travellers in
Lord Weeks, 1887 s Shop, 1880 a Street of
Edwin Lord Delhi by
Weeks, Edwin Lord
late 19th Weeks 1880
century
 Grain Market in Fez Moroccan A Bazaar, Oil Vendors in
by Jules Pierre van Market painting, Wellcome the
Biesbroeck, undated Scene by Covered
Louis Bazaar
Comfort Istanbul
Tiffany, by Vittorio
undated Amadeo
Preziosi,1
851

A Turkish Bazaar by The Spice Sellers by Figures in the Bazaar The Silk
Amadeo Preziosi, Vittorio Amadeo Constantinople, by Bazaar by
1854 Preziosi, 19th Amedeo Preziosi, Amedeo
century 19th century Preziosi,
late 19th
century

Bazaar by Nizhny Novgorod, Lower Souk at Inside the

Otto Bazaar by Alexey Konstantyno Souk, Cairo
Heyden, Bogolyubov, 1878 polu by by Charles
1869 Stanisław Wilda, 1892
Chlebowski,
19th century
Bazaar in Bazaar in The Barber at the Souk The Tentmakers'
Samarkand, by Gigo Samarka by Enrique Simonet, Bazaar, Cairo, 1907
Gabashvili, 1896 nd, 1897
illustration
by Léon
Benett for
a Jules
Verne
novel,
1893

Souk People on the Street Bazaar at the Souk Bazaar with Bagels
Silah, the of a Bazaar at Midan Hamareh, Damascus by Ivan Koulikov,
Armourers El-Adaoui from D.S. by from D.S. 1910
' Bazaar, Margoliouth, Cairo, Margoliouth, Cairo,
Cairo, Jerusalem, & Jerusalem, &
from D.S. Damascus: three Damascus: three chief
Margoliout chief cities of the cities of the Egyptian
h, Cairo, Egyptian Sultans, Sultans, 1907
Jerusalem 1907
, &
Damascus
: three
chief cities
of the
Egyptian
Sultans,
1907
 The Silk Scenery at a The Bazaar at The Char-Chatta
Bazaar, North African Constantinople, Bazaar of Kabul by A.
Damascus Bazaar, by John watercolour by J. F. Gh. Brechna, 1932
– Gleich, 20th Lewis, Wellcome
Australians century
buying
goods,
1918

Bazaar in the Old

City, by Ludwig Blum,
1944

Examples

Albania
In Albania, two distinct types of bazaar can be found; Bedesten (also known as bezistan, bezisten,
bedesten) which refers to a covered bazaar and an open bazaar.

Bazaar of Pristina, Kosovo

Bazaar of Peć, Kosovo
Pazari i Ri, Tirana
The Old Bazaar, Gjakova
The Old Bazaar of Korçë
Kruje Bazaar

Australia
Ingleburn Bazaar (held annually during the Ingleburn Festival)

Afghanistan
 Shah Bazaar, Kandahar
Shor Bazaar, Kabul
Grand Bazaar, Herat
Mazari Bazaar, Mazari Sharif
Olander Bazaar, Yllib, Kandahar

City of Kandahar, its An Afghan elder sits In Faryab Province Ka Foroshi, the bird
principal bazaar and outside his store at market in Kabul
citadel, taken from the Anaba bazaar in
the Nakkara Khauna Panjshir,
from Lieutenant Afghanistan
James Rattray,
Afghanistan

Azerbaijan
Khan Bazar, Khankendi
Kolkhoz (or Merkezi) Bazaar (Kolkhoz (Central) Bazaar), Sumgait
Kohna Bazaar (Old Bazaar), Ganja
Ortulu Bazar, Shamakhi
Sharq Bazaar (East Bazaar), Baku
Sharq Bazaar (East Bazaar), Sumgait
Pasaj Bazary, Aghdam
Teze Bazar (New Bazaar), Baku
8 Kilometre Bazaar, Baku
Yashil Bazar (Green Bazaar), Baku
Yeni Bazar, Shaki, Azerbaijan
Zanbil Bazar (Basket Bazaar), Nakhchivan
 Big Bazaar,
Lankaran,
Azerbaijan

Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, a Haat bazaar (also known as hat or haat or hatt) refers to a regular produce market,
typically held once or twice per week.[32]

Amin Bazaar, Dhaka

Bhairab Bazaar, Kishoreganj District
Badshahi Chawk Bazaar (also known as Chowk Bazaar), Dhaka
Dasherjangal Bazaar, Shariatpur District
Jalchatra Bazaar, Bangladesh
Kachukhet Bazaar, Dhaka
Karwan Bazaar, Dhaka
Kazir Dewri, Chittagong
New Market Kacha Bazaar, Dhaka
Malibagh Bazaar, Dhaka
Banani Bazaar, Dhaka
Khilkhet Kacha Bazaar, Dhaka
Mohakhali Bazaar, Dhaka
Moulvibazar, Moulvibazar Sadar Upazila, Moulvibazar District
Shanti Nagar Bazaar, Dhaka
BCC Road, Thatari Bazaar; Wari- Dhaka

Dhaka Town Chowk, Basantapur Bazaar

1904 Chowk at Madhi,
Chitwan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Baščaršija, Sarajevo
Kujundžiluk, Mostar

China
Grand Bazaar, Urumuqi, Xinjiang
Monday Bazaar, Upal, Xinjiang
Sunday Bazaar, Kashgar, Xinjiang

Egypt
Khan el-Khalili, Cairo

Two Egyptian Khan el khalili, Cairo Khan al-khalili, bab Shop of a Turkish
women shopping at (interior) al-qutn (gate) Merchant in Kha'n
a market next to the El-Khalee'lee, 1836
Al-Ghouri Complex
in Cairo, Egypt.

Arabic Window and

Native Bazaar, Cairo

Hong Kong
Harbour City Bazaar
Petit Bazaar

Israel
Old City of Jerusalem – there are many Bazaars in the Christian, Muslim and Jewish
 Quarters. the Armenian one does not include Bazaar of its own.
Mahane Yehuda, Central Jerusalem
Old Acre, Israel City of Acre
Old City of Nazareth Bazaar

India
In India, and also Pakistan, a town or city's main market is known as a Saddar Bazaar.

Border bazaars
These are mutually agreed border bazaars and haats of India on borders of India with its neighbours.

Assam
Paltan Bazaar Assam
Pan Bazaar Guwahati, Assam
Uzan Bazaar Guwahati, Assam

Bangalore, Karnataka
Gandhi Bazaar, Bangalore

Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Burma Bazaar, Chennai
Pondy Bazaar, Chennai

Delhi and NCR

In Delhi

Arul Bazar, Delhi

Chandni Chowk, Delhi
Chawri Bazaar, Delhi (wholesale market)
Chhota Bazaar Shahdara, Dehli
Dilli Haat, Dehli – A Haat is a regular open-air produce market
Khan Market, Delhi
Meena Bazaar, Delhi
Palika Bazaar, Delhi
Sadar Bazaar, Delhi
Urdu Bazaar (Delhi)

In National Capital Region (NCR)

Surajkund International Crafts Mela

Pinjore Gardens Bazaars
Kurukshetra Gita Jayanti Bazzars
Hyderabad, Telangana
Begum Bazar, Hyderabad
Chatta Bazaar, Hyderabad, India
Laad Bazaar, Hyderabad, India
Shahran Bazaar, Hyderabad
Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad
Rythu bazaar, Telangana

Indore
Sarafa Bazaar, Indore, India

Jaipur, Rajasthan
Bapu Bazaar, Jaipur
Johari Bazaar, Jaipur
Nehru Bazaar, Jaipur
Sanjay Bazaar, Jaipur

Kerala, Keralam
Chala Bazaar, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Rice Bazaar Thrissur, Kerala

Kolkata, West Bengal

Burra Bazar, Kolkata
Bowbazar, Kolkata
Tiretta Bazaar, Kolkata

Mumbai, Maharashtra
Bhendi Bazaar Mumbai
Bhindi Bazaar, South Mumbai
Chor Bazaar, Mumbai
Zaveri Bazaar, Mumbai

Munger, Bihar
Bari Bazaar, Munger

Odisha
Bhubaneswar Bazaar, Unit-1 BadaMarket, Bhubaneswar
Gole Bazaar, Sambalpur
Choudhury Bazaar, Cuttack
Nua Bazaar, Cuttack
Punjab, India
Chaura Bazaar Ludhiana, Punjab
Chess Bazaar, Mohali, Punjab

Uttar Pradesh
Aminabad Bazaar Luknow, Uttar Pradesh
Bada Bazaar, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
Hooseinabad Bazaar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Lalganja Bazaar, Uttar Pradesh
Meena Bazaar Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Purani Najhai, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
Sabzi Bazaar, Shihura Khurd Kalan, Uttar Pradesh
Sadar Bazaar, Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Sarafa Bazaar, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh

Women purchasing Almora Bazaar, Laad Bazaar near

copper utensils in a Uttarakhand, c1860 Charminar, Hyderabad, India
bazaar by Edwin
Lord Weeks, late
19th century

Paltan Bazaar, Assam, Cheh Tuti Chowk or Gateway to Bazaar along

India Six Tuti Chowk, Main Hooseinabad Kalbadevie Road,
Bazaar, Paharganj Bazaar, Lucknow, Bombay (now
c. 1863 Mumbai), 1890
 Antiques
and old
posters at
Chor
Market in
Mumbai

Indonesia
Pasar Gambir, now Jakarta Fair, Jakarta
id:Pasar Baru, Jakarta
id:Pasar Turi, Surabaya
Pasar Beringharjo, Yogyakarta
id:Pasar Semawis, Semarang
id:Pasar Gede Harjonagoro, Surakarta

Iran
Ardabil Bazaar
Bazaar of Borujerd
Bazaar of Tabriz in Tabriz – an historic site that originally developed along the ancient silk
routes; listed as a World Heritage Site[33]
Isfahan Bazaar in Isfahan – historic site which dates to Safavid era.[34]
Behjat Abad Market, Tehran
Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh Qazvin, Iran
Ganjali Khan Complex, Kerman, Iran
Kashan Bazaar in Kashan
Khan Bazaar, Yazd
Kerman Bazaar, Kerman
Kermanshah Bazaar, Kermanshah
Kohneh Bazaar, Abadeh
Qeysarie Bazaar Bazaar, Isfahan
Tajrish, Shemiranat County, Tehran Province, Iran
Tehran Bazaar, Tehran
Sanandaj Bazaar, Sanandaj
Saraye Moshir, Shiraz, Southern Iran
Vakil Bazaar, Shiraz
Amol Bazaar in Amol
 Mozaffarieh: An alley in Bazaar in old Tehran, Vakil Vakil Bazaar
Tabriz Bazaar devoted 1873 Bazaar
to carpet selling from Jane
Dieulafoy,
Perzië,
Chaldea
en
Susiane,
1881

Bazar of Bazaar ofe Kashan, Caravanserai of Sa'd al- Bazaar de Teherán,

Kashan Kashan, Irán Saltaneh Teherán, Irán
by
Pascal
Coste,
1840

Kazakhstan
Kok Bazaar, Almaty
Central Bazaar, Aktobe
Baraholka, Almaty

Kuwait
Souq Almubarikiyya * Souq Avenues

Iraq
A Qaysari Bazaar is a type of covered bazaar typical of Iraq.
Kyrgyzstan
Dordoy Bazaar, Bishkek
Osh Bazaar, Bishkek

Lebanon
After sustaining irreparable damage during the country's civil war, Beirut's ancient souks have been
completely modernised and rebuilt while maintaining the original ancient Greek street grid, major
landmarks and street names.

Bazaars and Souks of Old Cities of Tripoli – The ancient city of Tripoli has two separate old
towns, both of which have large, well preserved souks, bazaars and khans of various
specialties.
Souk of Old Quarter of Byblos
Souk of Old Quarter of Jounieh
Souk of Old Quarter of Aley
Bazaars and Souks of Old City of Sidon – The ancient, Southern city of Sidon has a large
and well preserved old town that is divided into the Muslim, Christian and Jewish quarters,
each of which contains souks, bazaars and khans of various specialties.
Souk of Old City of Tyre
Beirut Souks

North Macedonia
In the Balkans, the term, 'Bedesten' is used to describe a covered market or bazaar.

Old Bazaar, Bitola

Old Bazaar, Prilep
Old Bazaar, Skopje
Old Bazaar, Tetovo
 The Bazaar Belgrade The Bazaar Street stairs
street

A street A street The The

entrance to Bezisten
the
Bezisten

The Bazaar by night

Malaysia
Bukit Beruang Bazaar, Malacca
Bazar Bukakbonet Gelang Patah, Johor Bahru

Nepal
Asan, Kathmandu ceremonial bazaar and square
Bishal Bazaar, Pokhara
Gaushala Bazar, Mahottari District
Khaireni, Gulmi District
Namche Bazaar, Namche
Purano Bazaar, KTM
Naya Bazaar, KTM
Newari bazaar
Shyauli Bazaar Gandaki, Nepal
Asan, Kathmandu Fikkal bazaar, a Surunga bazaar,
(northeast view) weekly haat in Nepal
Nepal

Norway
Oslo Bazaars – a protected site

Pakistan

Hyderabad, Pakistan
Shahi Bazaar, Hyderabad
Sarafa Bazaar, Hyderabad
Saddar (Hyderabad) in Pakistan
Resham Bazaar, Hyderabad
Saddar (Hyderabad) in Pakistan

Karachi
Bohri Bazaar, Karachi
Jodia Bazaar, Karachi
Saddar in Karachi
Sarafa Bazaar, Karachi
Meena Bazaar, Karachi
Soldier Bazaar, Karachi
Tariq Road Bazaar, Karachi
Urdu Bazaar, Karachi
Zainab Market, Karachi

Kashmir
Boi Bazar-Kashmir-Point

Lahore
Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore
Mochi Gate Bazaars, Walled City of Lahore
 Naulakha Bazaar, Lahore
Naranki Bazaar[35]
Raja Bazaar
Urdu Bazaar, Lahore

Peshawar
Qissa Khawani Bazaar, Peshawar

Punjab, Pakistan
Chakdina Bazaar, Kharian Tehsil of Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan
Chotaka Bazaar, Multan District
Chowk Bazaar, Multan
Moti Bazaar, Rawalpindi, Punjab
Multani Bazaar, Multan District
Rail Bazaar, Multan District
Raja Bazaar, Rawalpindi
Rasheed Shah Bazaar, Multan District
Saddar in Karachi (Saddar bazaar refers to a main or central bazaar)
Saddar, Rawalpindi
Sarafa Bazaar, Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi bazaars
Urdu Bazaar, Rawalpindi, Punjab
Urdu Bazaar, Multan

Rajdhani
Gala Bazaar, Rajdhani

Sargodha
Urdu Bazaar, Sargodha
Dhak Bazaar, Shikarpur

Qissa Khwani Bazaar, Karachi, Rawalpindi Bazaar,

Bazaar, Peshawar, Pakistan Rawalpindi, Punjab
Pakistan
Serbia
New Bazar, Novi Pazar

South Africa
Marabastad, Pretoria also known as Asiatic Bazaar, Pretoria, South Africa

Sri Lanka
Madawala Bazaar

Syria
Al-Buzuriyah Souq in Damascus
Al-Hamidiyah Souq in Damascus
Souq Atwail in Damascus
Souq Al Buzria in Damascus
Mathaf Al Sulimani in Damascus
Midhat Pasha Souq in Damascus
Souq Al-Attareen (Perfumers' Souq) in Aleppo
Souq Khan Al-Nahhaseen (Coopery Souq) in Aleppo
Souq Al-Haddadeen (Blacksmiths' Souq) in Aleppo
Suq Al-Saboun (Soap Souq) in Aleppo
Suq Al-Atiq (the Old Souq) in Aleppo
Al-Suweiqa (Suweiqa means "small souq" in Arabic) in Aleppo
Suq Al-Hokedun (Hokedun means "spiritual house" in Armenian) in Aleppo

The Fruit Bazaar, The Silk Bazaar, Entrance to the The Bazaar of El
Damascus, painting Damascus – Bazaar, Gaza Harish, 1881
by Margaret Australians buying
Thomas and goods, 1918
reproduced in John
E. Kelman, From
Damascus to
Palmyra, 1908

Tanzania
 Darajani Market also known as Darajani Bazaar

Tunisia
Souks of Tunis

Turkmenistan
Gulistan Bazaar, (also known as the Russian Bazaar) Ashgabat
Altyn Asyr Bazaar, Ashgabat (formerly Tolkuchka bazaar)

Altyn Asyr Bazaar,

Turkmenistan

Turkey
In Turkey, the term 'bazaars' is used in the English sense, to refer to a covered market place. In Turkish
the term for bazaar is "çarşı."

Arasta Bazaar, Istanbul

Eminönü Istanbul
Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
Spice Bazaar, Istanbul
Kemeraltı, İzmir
Mahmutpaşa Bazaar, Istanbul
Silk Bazaar, Bursa
Uzun Carsi (The Long Bazaar), Bursa
Acik Carsi (The Openair Bazaar), Bursa
Kemeraltı (bazaar Arasta Bazaar, Grand Bazaar, Spice Bazaar,
district), İzmir, Istanbul Istanbul Istanbul
Turkey

Belarus
Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk

Uzbekistan
Alay Bazaar, Tashkent
Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent[36]
Chorsu (Samarkand)
Siyob Bazaar, Samarkand
Mirobod Bazaar, Tashkent
9 Bazaar, Navoiy

See also
Arcade – a covered passageway with stores along one or both sides.
Bazaari
Bedesten (also known as bezistan, bezisten, bedesten) refers to a covered bazaar and an
open bazaar in the Balkans.
Covered Market, Oxford, England
Gold Souq – a market trading in gold.
Haat bazaar – (also known as a hat) an open air bazaar or market in South Asia
Landa bazaar – a terminal market or market for second hand goods (South Asia)
List of Orientalist artists
Market
Meena Bazaar – a bazaar that raises money for non-profit organisations
Merchant
Pasar malam – a night market in Indonesia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore that opens
in the evening, typically held in the street in residential neighbourhoods.
Pasar pagi – a morning market, typically a wet market that trades from dawn until midday,
found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore
Peddler
Retail
Shopping mall
 Souq – a term for bazaar or market place in Arabic speaking countries
Tabriz Bazaar, Tabriz, Iran – the largest covered bazaar in the world
Wet market – sells fresh meat, fish, and produce. See also Dry goods

References
1. "bazaar - Origin and meaning of bazaar by Online Etymology Dictionary" (http://www.etymo
nline.com/index.php?term=bazaar). www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
2. Ayto, John (1 January 2009). Word Origins (https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLS
SHAC&pg=PT104). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5.
3. Daryaee, Touraj (16 February 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History (https://books.
google.com/books?id=Jxd2Zr9Ilw8C&pg=PA8). Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-
19-973215-9.
4. "Bazaar" (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bazaar). Dictionary.com, LLC. Retrieved
11 March 2015.
5. Benveniste, Émile; Lallot, Jean (1 January 1973). "Chapter Nine: Two Ways of Buying" (htt
p://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/3900). Indo-European Language and Society (http
s://books.google.com/books?id=kvawAAAAIAAJ). University of Miami Press. Section Three:
Purchase. ISBN 978-0-87024-250-2.
6. Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/bazaar
7. Pourjafara, M., Aminib, M., Varzanehc, and Mahdavinejada, M., "Role of bazaars as a
unifying factor in traditional cities of Iran: The Isfahan bazaar," Frontiers of Architectural
Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.001, pp 10–19;
Mehdipour, H.R.N, "Persian Bazaar and Its Impact on Evolution of Historic Urban Cores:
The Case of Isfahan," The Macrotheme Review [A multidisciplinary Journal of Global Macro
Trends], Vol. 2, no. 5, 2013, p.13
8. Harris, K., "The Bazaar" The United States Institute of Peace, <Online:
http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/bazaar>
9. Hanachi, P. and Yadollah, S., "Tabriz Historical Bazaar in the Context of Change," ICOMOS
Conference Proceedings, Paris, 2011
10. Thamis, "Herodotus on the Egyptians." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History
Encyclopedia, 18 Jan 2012. Web. 20 Aug 2017.
11. Herodotus: The History of Herodotus, Book I (The Babylonians), c. 440BC, translated by
G.C. Macaulay, c. 1890
12. Gharipour, M., "The Culture and Politics of Commerce," in The Bazaar in the Islamic City:
Design, Culture, and History, Mohammad Gharipour (ed.), New York, The American
University in Cairo Press, 2012 pp 14–15
13. Mehdipour, H.R.N, "Persian Bazaar and Its Impact on Evolution of Historic Urban Cores:
The Case of Isfahan," The Macrotheme Review [A multidisciplinary Journal of Global Macro
Trends], Vol. 2, no. 5, 2013, p.14
14. Moosavi, M. S. Bazaar and its Role in the Development of Iranian Traditional Cities
[Working Paper], Tabriz Azad University, Iran, 2006
15. Gharipour, M., "The Culture and Politics of Commerce," in The Bazaar in the Islamic City:
Design, Culture, and History, Mohammad Gharipour (ed.), New York, The American
University in Cairo Press, 2012, pp 4–5
16. Nejad, R. M., “Social bazaar and commercial bazaar: comparative study of spatial role of
Iranian bazaar in the historical cities in different socio-economical context,” 5th International
Space Syntax Symposium Proceedings, Netherlands: Techne Press, D., 2005,
17. Cited in: Stewart, F., Shackles of Iron: Slavery Beyond the Atlantic: Critical Themes in World
History, 2016
18. Karimi, M., Moradi, E. and Mehr, R., "Bazaar, As a Symbol of Culture and the Architecture
of Commercial Spaces in Iranian-Islamic Civilization,"
19. UNESCO, Medina of Fez, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170
20. "eAleppo:Aleppo city major plans throughout the history" (http://www.esyria.sy/ealeppo/inde
x.php?p=stories&category=misc&filename=201009251220032) (in Arabic).
21. UNESCO, Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346
22. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Bazaar of Qaisariye in Laar - UNESCO World Heritage
Centre" (https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5196/). whc.unesco.org.
23. Nanda, S. and Warms, E.L., Cultural Anthropology, Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 330
24. Nanda, S. and Warms, E.L., Cultural Anthropology, Cengage Learning, 2010, pp 330–331
25. Davies, K., Orientalists: Western Artists in Arabia, the Sahara, Persia, New York, Laynfaroh,
2005; Meagher, J., "Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art," [The Metropolitan Museum of
Art Essay], Online: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm
26. Houston, C., New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period,
Routledge, 2016
27. "The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Romantic Age: Topic 4: Overview" (https://
www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/romantic/topic_4/welcome.htm).
www.wwnorton.com.
28. Kidwai, A.R., Literary Orientalism: A Companion, New Delhi, Viva Books, 2009, ISBN 978-
813091264-6
29. MacLean, G., The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–
1720, Palgrave, 2004, p. 6
30. Audouard, O. (de Jouval), Les Mystères de l'Égypte Dévoilés, (French Edition) (originally
published in 1865), Elibron Classics, 2006
31. Marcilhac, F., La Vie et l'Oeuvre de Jacques Majorelle: 1886–1962, [The Orientalists
Volume 7], ARC Internationale edition, 1988.
32. Crow, B., Markets, Class and Social Change: Trading Networks and Poverty in Rural South
Asia, Palgrave, 2001, [Glossary] p. xvii
33. Ahour, I., which dates to saljuqid era 11th century. its extension occurred in the safavid and
kajar era. It is the largest roofed bazaar of the world. "The Qualities of Tabriz Historical
Bazaar in Urban Planning and the Integration of its Potentials into Megamalls," Journal of
Geography and Regional Planning, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 199–215, 2011, and for a
contemporary account of the Bazaar see: Le Montagner, B., "Strolling through Iran's Tabriz
Bazaar," The Guardian, 12 November 2014 Montagner, Boris Le (12 November 2014).
"Strolling through Iran's Tabriz bazaar - in pictures" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran
-blog/gallery/2014/nov/12/-sp-tabriz-historic-bazaar-iran-pictures). The Guardian.
34. Assari, A., Mahesh, T.M., Emtehani, M.E. and Assari, E., "Comparative Sustainability of
Bazaar in Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies of Isfahan and Tabriz," International
Journal on "Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering", Vol. 3, no. 9, 2011, pp 18–24;
Iran Chamber of Commerce,"Iran: Iranian Architecture and Monuments: Bazaar of Isfahan"
(http://www.iranchamber.com/architecture/articles/bazaar_of_isfahan1.php).
www.iranchamber.com.
35. Kashif Abbasi (14 January 2014). "Reacquainting with history: Narankari - a bazaar with a
past, but no future | The Express Tribune" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/658731/reacquaintin
g-with-history-narankari-a-bazaar-with-a-past-but-no-future/). The Express Tribune.
36. "Bazaars of Uzbekistan" (http://www.goldensteppes.com/uzb/bazaars.html).
Goldensteppes.com. Retrieved 2013-06-10.

Further reading
 The Persian Bazaar: Veiled Space of Desire (Mage Publications) by Mehdi Khansari
The Morphology of the Persian Bazaar (Agah Publications) by Azita Rajabi.
Assari, Ali; T.M.Mahesh (December 2011). "Compararative Sustainability of Bazaar in
Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies in Isfahan and Tabriz" (http://www.iotpe.com/IJTPE/I
JTPE-2011/IJTPE-Issue9-Vol3-No4-Dec2011/3-IJTPE-Issue9-Vol3-No4-Dec2011-pp18-24.
pdf) (PDF). International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering. 3 (9):
18–24. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

External links
Iran Chamber Society on Architecture of the Bazaar at Isfahan (https://web.archive.org/web/
20071230174333/http://www.iranchamber.com/architecture/bazaar_of_isfahan1.php)
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bazaar" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%
A6dia_Britannica/Bazaar). Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University
Press. p. 559.

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