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EXPLANATION TEXT
A. GENERAL FEATURE
a. Communicative Purpose
Tujuan komunikatif dari explanation text adalah untuk menjelaskan proses-proses yang
terjadi terkait dengan fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial, budaya, dan lain-lain
b. Generic Structure
Struktur teks dari explanation text adalah:
1. General statement
General statement merupakan area yang berisi penjelasan umum mengenai
fenomena apa yang akan dibahas. General statement bisa berbentuk pengenalan
fenomena atau penjelasan dasar mengenai fenomena tersebut.
2. A sequenced explanation
Di sinilah terjadi penjelasan mengenai mengapa dan bagaimana fenomena tersebut
terjadi. Misalkan, ada explanation text mengenai sepeda, maka di sini dijelaskan
mengapa orang memerlukan sepeda dan bagaimana proses pembuatan sepeda
tersebut berlangsung.
3. Closing
Closing merupakan kesimpulan dari fenomena yang dijelaskan.
1
Contoh dan struktur teks tentang Global Warming:
GENERAL STATEMENT
Global warming is the increase in the earth’s temperature caused by the greenhouse
effect. What is the greenhouse effect? The greenhouse effect is the effect of gas-generated
withstanding the sunlight in order to stay on the earth and not having radiation into space.
The greenhouse effect is very useful for human life in the earth. If there is no greenhouse
effect, the earth will be very cold.
SEQUENCED EXPLANATION
Which are included in the greenhouse gases? The most influential greenhouse gases are
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, while other gases are much less influential.
The greenhouse effect occurs naturally in the earth. But if the amount of greenhouse
gases exceeds the normal limit, the earth’s temperature will also increase. it is called the
Global warming. The earth’s temperature increases due to the heat received which cannot
be radiated back into the space. Consequently the temperature of the earth is getting
warmer and the world climate changes
Greenhouse gases which cause global warming is produced by burning fossil fuels that
are used in various industries such normally human life and transportation. If we ignore
the increase of earth’s temperature, the whole ice on earth will melt. Consequently the
sea levels rise. This phenomenon is very dangerous because it can cause the earth surface
changes.
CLOSING
To overcome the global warming, greenhouse emissions must be reduced or eliminated.
Therefore, it needs to look for an alternative fuel which is friendly environment and non-
emit greenhouse gases
B. LANGUAGE FEATURE
Ciri kebahasaan teks ini adalah:
a. Action verbs
Kata-kata kerja yang tergolong action verb antara lain yang menyatakan activity
(aktivitas), process (proses), dan momentary action (aksi berdurasi pendek). Action
verb tentunya memiliki bentuk progressive atau continuous. Beberapa contoh action
verb adalah sebagai berikut.
2
Type of Action Verb Action Verb Example
Activity Eat, listen, play, walk, work He plays badminton every
thursday night.
Process Change, grow, melt, shorten, Sunflowers grow fast.
widen
Momentary action Hit, jump, knock The athlete jumps when
his coach blow the
whistle.
b. Simple present tense
c. Conjunction of time result and cause/effect, for instance: so, as a result, hence, then,
because, if, etc.
d. Noun phrase, for instance: a large cloud.
e. Abstract noun (temperature, opinion, etc.)
f. Adverbial phrase
A word group with an adverb as its head. This adverb may be accompanied by
modifiers.
g. Complex sentence
Gabungan antara main clause dan subordinate clause disebut dengan complex
sentence.
E.g.
After we have had lunch, we go back to work.
Sub. clause Main clause
I first saw her in Serang, where I studied at university in 2006.
Sub. clause Main clause
h. Compound sentence
Compound sentence adalah kalimat yang di dalamnya terdiri atas dua main clause
atau lebih yang tergubung oleh conjunction/kata penghubung seperti and, but atau
so
E.g.
I love soccer so much and I am a captain of my club.
Main clause conjunction main clause
i. Passive voice of simple present tense
3
Contoh dan structure text tentang Rainbow:
GENERAL STATEMENT
Everyone has been familiar what rainbow is. But do you know how the process of it is?
Rainbow is a natural phenomenon which occurs with a very interesting physics processes
to be observed. So here will be described how the process of rainbow occurs.
SEQUENCED EXPLANATION
Rainbow is a big arc spectrum which occurs due to the reflection of sunlight by water
grains. Rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon in the form of multi-colored
light that seems parallel to each other in the sky or other medium. Rainbow appears as an
arc light with a tip leads to the horizon in a light rain. It can also be seen around a raging
waterfall.
Rainbow usually occurs when the air is very hot and the rain drops lightly. We can see
the phenomenon clearly if we stand against the sunlight. Rainbow can also be formed by
foggy air of frosted.
In physics, a rainbow can be explained as a natural refraction event. Refraction is the
process of decomposition of a specific color into another color (red: the color spectrum)
through a specific media.
CLOSING
The process of color decomposition occurs when the white sunlight breaks down into
a spectrum of colors through rainwater. The spectrum of colors which occur consist of
violet, red, indigo, blue, green, yellow, and orange.
