314 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas DAY 13 The term “Calculus” was derived from a Latin word “calx” which means “stone” and from a Greek word “chalis" which means “limestone”. In 1684, a German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz published his early work on calculus, while an English astronomer, physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton made an early study on the subject in 1665 but did not published hie work until 1704. These two mathematiciane are now concidered ac tho founders of today's calculus. ‘The subject Calculus is divided into four areas namely, differential calculus, integral calculus, differential equations and calculus of variation. Differential Calculus is a branch of mathematics which deals with derivatives and limits. A. Algebraic Functions: B. Exponential Functions: de anen, eu 4 (a4) = a4 nat 9 FG)=aina® di euy gu a: 10s, =eDifferential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 315 C. Logarithmic Functions: Jog, e 2 gd aT dx ed prembee re 1 (logy u) a du d 12. (0 tw) = a dx 13. —(Inu)= ax) fi D. Trigonometric Functions: Wie du d 2,, du 4 (sinuy = cosu tt 17. 4 cotu =-csc?u St 14. (Ginu) = cosu > oe (Cott) = eso? u 2 d du d du 16. = =-sinudt 18. < (secu) = secutanuS+ (cosu) =~ sinuc 8. (Secu) = secutanuct d 2, du d du . 2 anu) = eu 1p ae a 16. (anu) = sec? u 9. ,(escu) = oscucotu E. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: 1a doen 20. £ (situ) Vin? & 24. Lies" w= F. Hyperbolic Functions: i du d 2, du of enue ae = a dal 26. J (sinhu) = coshute 26. £ (cothw) = -esch*u 27. © (cosh) = sinh Se 2. Fp (eeshu) =~ sechutanhu Se 28. © (tanhu)=sech*u 4 28. (eschu) = -esehucothu SY dx dx dx dx316 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Tips:Critical and stationary points Critical point - a point a in the domain of f(x) if f(a) = 0 or if f(0 is not differentiable at x = a. Stationary points — critical points at which the derivative does not exist (and so equals zero). Did pou now that... the most proved theorem in Mathematics is the Pythagorean Theorem which has mote than 370 different proofs! All the 370 different proofs are found in the book entitled, “The Pythagorean Proposition” which was published in 1940. Proceed to the next page for your 13 test. GOODLUCK |Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 317 Time element: 4.0 hours cocS—_—_—_————— Problem 556: CE Board November 1997 2 Evaluate: Lim =" _ x31 © +3K-4 A 165 B. 2/5 c. 35 ; r v. ap Problem 557: ECE Board April 1998 Evaluate: Lim —%—4) _ pas Undefined 0 A 8. C. Infinity Beit Problem 558: ME Board April 1998 2 Evaluate the Lim *—16 K4 X# pomp we iS 6 Problem 559: ECE Board April 1993 2. Evaluate: M= Lim %=4 x2 X-2 pomp oano318 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 560: EE Board April 1995 Evaluate: Lim *-£08% x30 x’ A 0 B. 1/2 Cre D. -1/2 Problem S61: ME Board October 1997 Compute the following limit: Limit; 74 Xa xX-4 Ant Bo Gc B. Infinite Problem 562: EE Board October 1994 52) Evaluate: Lim S*=2" +7 hoe ORS Undefined a5 Infinity Zero pom> Problem 563: ECE Board November 1991 Evaluate: Lim (x* + 3x —4) x> 4 24 26 28 30 com> Problem 564: ECE Board November 1994 x Evaluate: Lim (2-x) 2 x1 2m elt pony °Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 319 Problem 565: EE Board October 1997 Differentiate y = e* cos x. —e* sin? e* (cos x° — 2x sin x’) e% cos x — 2x sin x” ~2xe* sin x com> Problem 566: EE Board October 1997 Differentiate y = sec (x" + 2). 2x cos (x? + 2) = 008 (x° + 2) cot (x7 +2) 2x sec (x° +2) tan (x? +2) cos (x’ + 2) 9om> Problem 567: CE Board November 1994 What is the derivative with respect to x of (x + 1)°-x°? 3x+6 3x-3 6x-3 6x+3 pop> Problem 568: EE Board October 1997 Differentiate y = log 10 (x + 1) 4x (XC +1) Axlogio e x41 log e000 + 1) A 8. ie D. x(x" + 1) Problem 569: EE Board October 1997 Differentiate (< + 2)". (2 +2"? 7 een keee (2 +2)? 2x, wan (+2) °520 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 570: EE Board October 1997 y= (+2) and t= x, determine 2 2+2) Sl? 4 ll? 9 Problem 571: ME Board April 1997 ‘What is the first derivative of the expression (xy)* = e? Problem 572: ME Board April 1998 Find the derivative with respect to x the function 23x?» -2x? Problem 573: EE Board April 1995 Find y’ ify = arc sin cos x -1 -2 1 2 com>Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 321 Problem 574: CE Board May 1997 Find the derivative of arc cos 4x. ee (1-16x2)°> 4 B. Toespe c. . Gaye Problem 575: CE Board November 1996 3 Find the derivative of ee 2 3 a HDF xe) x x 8. A(x 44)? 20x41)? 5 x x 3 3 geet beet) x x 2 3 p, Sex sees) x x Problem 576: ECE Board November 1991 Differentiate the equation: y = = +1 2 Ree (+P Ae x+1 C. 2 oe x+4 Problem 577: CE Board November 1995 The derivative with respect to x of 2 Cos * (x + 2) is A. 2sin (¢ + 2) cos (x7 +2) B. Ao sin G2 + 2) 608 (C+ 2)522 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas C. xin (¢ + 2) cos (x +2) D. -8x sin (x7 + 2) cos (x? + 2) Problem 578: CE Board November 1993 e Find the second derivative of y by implicit differentiation from the equation 4x? + by’ = 36. A B Cc. 32K D Problem 579: ME Board April 1998 Find the partial derivatives with respect to x of the function xy” — 5y + 6. = ad xy - 5y xy pom> Problem 580: ME Board October 1997 Find the second derivative of x° - 5x + x = 0. 10x-5 6x- 10 x+10 3x*- 5x gom> Problem $81: ME Board April 1998 Given the function f(x) = x to the 3 power — 6x + 2. Find the first derivative at x22. 3-5 8 geome Problem §82: CE Board May 1996 Find the slope of the ellipse x" + 4y* ~ 10x - 16y + 5 = Oat the point where y=2+8°° andx=7. A. -0.1483 B. -0.1538 Cc. -0.1654 D. -0.1768Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 323 Problem §83: EE Board October 1997 ify =4.cos x + sin 2x, what is the slope of the curve when x = 2 radians? 2.21 o:om> Problem 584: ECE Board November 1991 Find the slope of the line tangent to the curve y = x°-2x+1 atx=1. 114 14 1414 114 A. B. ic 0. Problem 586: ECE Board November 1998 Find the slope of x'y = 8 at the point (2,2). Ane Bt Cc. 12 D. -2 Problem 587: CE Board May 1998 Find the slope of the curve x° + y* — 6x + 10y + 5 = 0 at point (1,0). 5 25 4 2 com> Problem 588: CE Board May 1996 Find the slope of the tangent to the curve, y = 2x—x* + x at (0,2). oOm> Rone324 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 589: ECE Board April 1999 Find the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola y = x* — 4x + 1 by making use of the fact that at the vertex, the slope of the tangent is zero. Problem 590: ECE Board April 1999 Find the equation of the normal to x" + y” = 5 at the point (2,1). Problem £91: CE Board May 1905 ‘What is the equation of the normal to the curve x" + y* = 25 at (4,3)? A. &x+3y=0 B. 3x-4y=0 C. 3x+4y=0 D. 5x-3y=0 Problem 592: EE Board April 1997 Locate the points of inflection of the curve y = f(x) = x" e*. 22/3 242 2+ 12 2213 Problem 593: ECE Board November 1991 Inthe curve 2+12x— x°, find the critical points. gom> (2,18) & (-2,-14) (2.18) & (2-14) (2,18) & (2,-14) (2,18) & (-2,14) gop> Problem 594: CE Board November 1997 Find the radius of curvature of a parabola y’ — 4x = 0 at point (4,4). 22.36 units 25.78 units 20.33 units om>Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 325 D. 15.42 units Problem 595: ECE Board November 1996 Find the radius of curvature at any point in the curve y + In cos x = 0. cos x 1.5707 sec x 1 com> ANSWER KEY RATING 566.C 576. 567.D 577. 568.8 578. §69.B 579. 570.C 580. 571.C 581 572.B 582. 573.A 583. 574.A 584. 575.D 585, OQ 34-40 Topnotcher [_] 24-33 Passer [J 20-23 conditional (J 0-14 Faitea If FAILED, repeat the test. A D B B B A D B A D326 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas SOLUTIONS TO TEST 13 2 556. — 1 _ 2 indeterminate M'+3)-4 0 ‘Note: Using L'Hospital's rule, differentiate separately the numerator and denominator and substitute the value of limit to the variable ‘Substitute x = 1: : 2) _2 Limit= 20-2 mn F458 ESA timit=—*-4 5 4-4 __2 ingeterminate x-12 (4)?-4-12 0 Apply L'Hospital’s rule: e a pao aan Substitute x= 4: 1 a: Limits 4 it a1 7 ; 16 _ (47-16 0 * EES init oe pn indeterminate Apply L’Hospital’s rule: Limit ‘Substitute x Limit = 2(4) = x24 _ (2)? 1 Limie= 24: FE ns 240 pn Apply L'Hospital’s rute: Limit = 2% 2x Substitute x = 2: Limit = 2@) = 4 EEG init = 12008% 122080 0 indeterminate x @r 0 Apply L'Hospital’s rule: “Limit = 8X - $i00 _ 0 indeterminate 2x 2(0)Gu ee Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 327 Apply L'Hospital's rule again z cosx Li cost imit = ‘Substitute x = 0: - cos0° _ 1 li =1 i Limit = X+4..2+ = indeterminate Apply L'Hospital's rule: Limi 3x4 2x2 +7 _ 3c0)4 ~2(00)? +7 Limtt= Sk =e © indeterminate BxP4x—3 5@)+0-3 © Apply L'Hosprar’s rule: 2 3 Limit = 2X = 4% » 120) AS) © indeterminate 15x241 15(c0)? +1 Apply again L'Hospital’s rule: 36x? -4 _ 36(«0)?-4 Limit = indeterminate 30x 302) Apply again L’Hospital’s rule: 72x Limit =~ imit = Substitute x = 0: imi = 72) — A t Limit= 5 I= Answer. Substitute x = 4 to the given equation: Limit = 2 + 3x—4 )? + 3(4) 4 Limit = 24 tan tan 200. Limit = (2—x) "2 = (2-1)"" 2 = 1°, indeterminate Take In on both sides: In Limit = tan in (2-x) Note: din u= “4 and dtanu= -csc?u du328 Ea, 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Apply Hospital's rule: -1 JS eee = 2) cog? MO(R a2 () -ae A0(8 ‘Take exponential on both sides: Intimit _ 62/= einlimit - g Limit = e/* =e cos x Note: d(uv) = udv + vdu where: use; du =e"; v= cos x ; dv=-2x sin x* * (-2x sin x7) + cos x* e* = @* cos x — e"2x sin x* y = e"(c0s x"- zx sin x) ED y= scoot +2) EGA Note: d sec u = secu tan u du where: u=x' +2; du=2x y' = sec (x7 + 2) tan (x° + 2)(2x) = 2x sec (x7 + 2) tan (x + 2) y= «+P Note: du” = nu" du (x + 1)°(1) = 300°C) = 30x + 1)? - 3x7 QC" + 2x + 1)- 3x = 3x" + Ox+3 - 3x7 yeex+3 EE = coe + 0? Note: d logsou = logio € (2) where: U=OC + 1)? ; du = 202 + 1)(2x) = 4x0? + 1) ¥'= logo 9| 20 +4 4x100)9 € Gea | tat Ed y-w+2” Note: du’ = nu™ duDifferential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 329 where: n= 1/2; u=x +2; du=2x b2 2}? Hay = oh2ez) "= ey t=x'2 ur @ yes2% or @ ‘Substitute (1) in (2): ic the +2 = (+2) y= 2x + 2)(1) = 2x + 2) yy =e Take in on both sides In Oy)*= Ine xinxy=1 Note: d (uv) = udv + vdu Differentiating both sides , wt] = x| | +Inxy(1) =0 [ etna oy +y) +yinxy=0 xy y-yinxy y [t+Inxy] Bed 2-3x? = 2-30)” wu" du where: u=2~3x; du =- 6x; 12 Y= 12(2-3x2)"!21(-6x) = -3x(2-3x? 1?330 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas y= cos" 4x Note: d cos" u where: U= 4x, u? = 167; du=4 a Vi-t6e 675. +4 Note: d (:) eee v where: US(K+): du=3K+ Mivexv=xt dvet - x@\x+1P-& +1) _ 3c +4P (x +1) we x Pt where: u =x; du = 2x; vex+ 1; v?=(x+1)% dv=4 = XA D@W)= x2) _ 2x? + 2x— x? 22+ 2x (+? (a? ete y =2.cos*(x? +2) Note: cos?g = 1+00820 . 2 cos? (2 + 2) = 140082(x? +2) _ 1+ c0s(2x? + 4) 2 1+0082(2x? + 4) 2 y= 1+ cos (2x° +4) Note: d cos u=- sin udu where: u=2x' +4; du=4x y= = sin (2x + 4) (4x) = - 4x sin 207 + 2)578. Differential Caleulus (Limits & Derivatives) 331 Note: sin 20 = 2 cos 6 sin @ y= -4x[eoslx? + 2)sin(e? +2)| = - 8x cos (2 + 2)sin(x? +2) 4x? + By? = 36 +2y=9 or O Differentiate both sides: 2x + ayy =0 =x. =x y aoa we ‘Take second derivative: =_A[ yen yo-j[no| or ® ‘Subetitute (2) in (2): =x -6x+2 (Qadd-e f'(2) = 3(2)°-6=6 x? + dy? — 10x - 16y = Note: slope = y’ Differentiate: 2x + Byy - 10-16y' =0332 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas y (By -16) = 10 - 2x _10-2x Yey-18 Aty=2+8°°=4.828, x=7 ‘Substitut BEE y= 4cos x + sin 2x Differentiate: ¥ = 4(- sin x) + cos 2x (2) = 2 cos 2x—4 sin x Atx=2 rad. see y' = 2. cos 229,183" - 4 sin 114.591 Differentiate: y Substitute x = 1: y=3('-2=1 Note: Since the line is tangent to the curve at x = 1, then the slope of the line is the same as the slope of the curve at the given point. Thus, the slope of the line is equal to 1 ~2x+4 a} Note: slope = y’ Differentiate: ¥ ¥= 5 @x)-2 ‘Substitute x =1 ee y 4” 2 Note: slope = y’587. Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 333 x+y -6x+ 10y+5=0 Note: slope = y' Differentiate: ‘2x + 2yy'—6 + 10y' +0=0 yy + 10) =6-2x ee Y* 2y+10 Substitute x= 1 and y = 0: eet ore ¥Y*30)+10 10 5 yaax-xe+e Let: slope = y’ Differentiate: y =2-2x+ 3 Substitute x y = 2~290) + 3(0)*=2 Note: Since the line is tangent o the curve at (0,2), then the slope of the lime is the same as the slope of the curve at the given point. Thus, the slope of the line is equal to 2. yae—axet Let: slope = y’ Differentiate: y= 2x-4 Substitute y' = 0 as given: O=2x-4 xe2 Substitute x = 2 to the given equation: y=(2)'-4@)+1=-3 Thus, the vertex is at (2, -3) Let: m; = slope of the given curve334 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Substitute x = 2 and y = 1: m=-2=-2 Note: Since the line is normal to the curve at the given point, the slope (m2) of the line is equal the negative reciprocal of the slope of the given curve. 1 1 7 tee ee SO om 2 ae Using point slope form: y-yi=m (xx) y-1= Lex-2) 2y-2=x-2 EXE 2.225 lope of the given curve mz = slope of the normal line Differentiate: 2x + 2yy'=0 vee y Substitute x = 4 and y = 3: Using point slope form: y-y1=m (K=x) y-3= 20-4) Ay 12 = 3x- 12 3x-4y= ¥ =X (e) + e°(2x) y" = x/(e’) + e'(2x) + e* (2) + 2x(e%) y” =e" + 4xe* + 26" At point of inflection, y 0=xe" + 4xe* + 26" O=x + 4x42Differential Calculus (Limits & Derivatives) 335 By quadratic formula: 4+ V(aP 402) _ -42V8 20) 2 2225-22141 ie Substitute the values of x to the given equation to solve for y: Atx=-2+ 1.41 =-0.59; y= (-0.69)"(e°") =0.19 Atx=-2-141=-3.41; y=(3.41)(e%*) = 0.38 Note: From the choices, only values of the x-coordinates are given. Thus the suggested answer is choice ‘c’. EEA y=2+ 12x-x* Note: Critical points are points wherein the slope of the curve is zero. x=+2 Substitute the values of x to the general equation: y= 2+ 12(2) ~ (2)°= 18 2+ 12(-2)— (2)? =~ 14 A Thus, the points are (2, 18) and (-2, -14). 12 +? BELA Note: Radius of curvature (R) y¥-4x=0 2yy -4=0 ‘Substitute y = 4, yand y" to solve for R: pa teeryeP’? _ f+ ra? p'? -4/y9| 41(4))| R = 22.36 unit length336 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 12 +(y' a y+ Incosx=0 y=-In.cosx wo Note: dinu= 24 u where: u= cos x; du = -sin x ~sinx _ y = tanx cosx y' = sec? x Substitute in (1): Re [+(tanx)? 8 = bec?x ee [sec? x sec? x sec? x =secx sec? xDifferemial Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 337 In solving a problem under maxima / minima, the following steps are to be considered: 1. Drawa figure when necessary. 2. Identify what / which to maximize or minimize. 9. Formulate equation 4. Reduce to one variable. 5. Differentiate This is where the formulas will 6. -Equate to zero. be used. Memorize all Note: When the first derivative (slope) (_/ormulas! is equated to zero, it results to either maximum point or minimum point. At maximum point, ¥ is negative (concave down) At minimum point, ¥ 20: ¥’ is positive (concave up) At point of inflection, y=0 where y’ and y” are the first and second derivatives respectively In solving a problem under time rates, the following steps are to be considered: 4. Draw figure when necessary. 2. Formulate equation. 3. Differentiate with respect to time. 4. Substitute the boundary condition(s) to the equation. Important: Substitute the given values only after differentiating.338 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 1. Largest rectangle inscribed in a circle. The maximum rectangle is a square. 2, Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in semicircle. eee (im 3, Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a triangle with one side lying on the base of the triangle. x | Ee 7 ot Nis Nic 4 Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a right triangle with the sides of the rectangle parallel to the legs of the triangle. > ¥ Riz wit 5. Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse. Largest area of a triangle with given perimeter. Sector with given area but minimum perimeter. Rectangle with given area but with minimum perimeter.10. "1 12. Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 339 Rectangle with given area and minimum perimeter to be fenced along 3 sides only. ear a SS ¥ a x=2y Right triangle with maximum perimeter or maximum area. 0=45° y x-y EN x Maximum area with perimeter (P) given. equilateral triangle x Maximum light admittance for a rectangular window surmounted with an isosceles triangle. 4 = 13. Maximum light admittance for a Norman window. {2 ie x=2y y hex 14. Maximum length of line segment tangent to an ellipse. L=a+b 15. Rectangle of maximum perimeter inscribed in a circle of radius r. 16. Stiffest beam that can be cut from a circular section of radius r. “Suiffhess is proportional to the product of breadth (x) and cube of width340. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 17. Strongest beam that can be cut 20. Length of rigid beam that can pass rom an elliptical section. a perpendicular hallways. “Strength is proportional to the product of breadth (x) and square of the depth (y)”” b b i a 24/2 x=2b/4 : v= Ue? 02°F = Y= 2815 24. Minimum length of ladderirod to be | extended from ground to a wall Sd eee with an intervening fence. Y 18. Largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a given ellipse. ie ie +b29F Aetipse__ = 22. Best possible view of a picture or Arectanale 2 19. Most efficient trapezoidal section. “Maximum capacity with minimum perimeter” It is %s of a regular hexagon. width at to Lid Best view means is maximized, x= Vivo 23. Parallelepiped with maximum volume. ‘width at top = sum of sides width at top = 2x z xeyaz = 120° a cubeDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 341 24. Open square container with maximum volume. Open top 25. Location of single stake at ground level to minimize length of wire. stake RS hy Ay el dh, hythy 26. Least amount of material to be used for a square base rectangular parallelepiped. x=2y x=¥2(Volume) 27. Least amount of material to be used for an open top cylindrical tank: 28. Minimum cost for a given volume, i 2a 29. Ratio of the weight of heaviest cylinder, We to the weight of the circumscribing sphere, Ws Moe We v3 30. Least amount of material for a given volume. 31. Maximum volume of cone with a given slant height. @=tan "V2 32. Volume of largest cone, V- that can be inscribed in a hemisphere. S 2 Vy342. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 33. Largest cylinder that can be 34. Maximum volume of right circular inscribed in @ cone. cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius r. DIS pou now that... that the term "alychta’ comes ford an Arable term “al-jabr” meaning to transpose terms from one side of an equation to the other! This was introduced by a Persian mathematician, al-Khowatizmi in around 825 A.D. Proceed to the next page for your 14” test. GOODLUCK ! &Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 343 Time element: 3.0 hours Problem 596: ECE Board April 1999 Find the minimum distance from the point (4,2) to the parabola y* = 8x. a3 a2 B 23 pom> Problem 597: EE Board April 1990 The sum of two positive numbers is 50. What are the numbers if their product is to be the largest possible. 24 & 26 28 & 22 25825 20830 gpom> Problem $98: EE Board March 1998 A triangle has variable sides x,y,z subject to the constraint such that the perimeter is fixed to 18 cm. What is the maximum possible area for the triangle? A. 15.59 cm? B. 18.71cm? C. 17.15 cm? D. 14.03 cm? Problem 599: EE Board October 1997 A farmer has enough money to build only 100 meters of fence. What are the dimensions of the field he can enclose the maximum area? 25mx 25m 15mx35m 20mx30m 22.5mx27.5m com>344 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 600: CE Board May 1997 Find the minimum amount of tig sheet that can be made into a-closed cylinder having a volume of 108 cu. inches in square inches. A. 125.50 B. 127.50 C. 129.50 D. 123.50 Problem 601: ME Board April 1998 ‘A box is to be constructed from a piece of zinc 20 sq.in by cutting equal squares from each comer and turing up the zinc to form the side. What is the volume of the largest box that can be so constructed? A. 599.95 cu in. B. 592.59 cu in C. 579.50 cu in. D. 622.49 cuin. Problem 602: EE Board April 1997 ‘A poster is to contain 300 (om square) of printed matter with margins of 10 cm at the top and bottom and 5 cm at each side. Find the overall dimensions if the total area of the poster is minimum. 27.76 cm, 47.8. cm 20.45 cm, 35.6 cm 22.24 cm, 44.5 cm 25.55 om, 48.7 om gom> Problem 603: CE Board November 1996 ‘A norman window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circle. What is the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the total height so that it will yield a window admitting the most light for a given perimeter? A B. 12 OZ D. 23 Problem 604: CE Board May 1998 Determine the diameter of a closed cylindrical tank having a volume of 11.3 cu ‘m to obtain minimum surface area. A. 1.22 B. 164 C. 244 D. 2.68Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 345 Problem 605: EE Board April 1997 The cost of fuel in running @ locomotive is proportional to the square of the speed and is $ 25 per hour for a speed of 25 miles per hour. Other costs amount to $ 100 per hour, regardless of the speed. What is the speed which will make the cost per mile a minimum? A. 40 B55 Ci -50 D. 45 Problem 606: ME Board April 1996 The cost C of a product is a function of the quantity x of the product : C(x) = x? — 4000 x + 50. Find the quantity for which the cost is minimum. A. 1000 B. 1500 C. 2000 b. 3000 = Problem 607: ‘An open top rectangular tank with square bases is to have a volume of 10 cu. m. The materials for its bottom is to cost P 15 per square meter and that for the sides, P6 per square meter. Find the most economical dimensions for the tank. A. 1.6m x 1.5m x 4.4m B. 2mx2mx2.5m C. 4mx 4m x 0.6m D. 3mx3mx 1.1m Problem 608: ME Board October 1996 What is the maximum profit when the profit-versus-production function is as given below? P is profit and x is unit of production. ° P=20000-x-( 4) x+1 285,000 200,000 250,000 305,000 com> Problem 609: EE Board October 1993 | A boatman is at A which is 4.5 km from the nearest point B on a straight shore BM. He wishes to reach in minimum time a point C situated on the shore 9 km from B, How far from C should he land if he can row at the rate of 6 kph and can walk at the rate of 7.5 kph? A 415km B. 3.0km346 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas C. 3.25km D. 4.0km Problem 610: EE Board March 1998 A fencing is limited to 20 ft length. What is the maximum rectangular area that can be fenced in using two perpendicular comer sides of an existing wall? 120 100 140 190 com> Problem 611: EE Board October 1992 The cost per hour of running a motor boat is proportional to the cube of the speed. At what speed will the boat run against a current of 8 km/hr in order to go a given distance most economically? A. 10koh B. 13kph C. 11 kph D. 12kph Problem 612: ECE Board November 1998 Given a cone of diameter x and altitude of h. What percent is the volume of the largest cylinder which can be inscribed in the cone to the volume of the cone? A 44% B. 46% C. 56% D. 65% Problem 613: EE Board October 1993 At any distance x from the source of light, the intensity of illumination varies directly as the intensity of the source and inversely as the square of x. Suppose that there is a light at A, and another at 8, the one at B having an intensity 8 times that of ‘A. The distance AB is 4 m. At what point from A on the line AB will the intensity of illumination be least? A. 215m B. 133m Cc. 1.50m D. 192m Problem 614: CE Board May 1995 ‘Awall “h’ meters high is 2 m away from the building. The shortest ladder that can reach the building with one end resting on the ground outside the wall is 6 m. How Ligh is the wall in meters? A 2.34 B. 2.24Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 347 c. 244 D. 214 Problem 615: EE Board April 1997 The coordinates (x.y) in feet of a moving particle P are given by x = cost - 1 and y= 2 sin t + 1, where t is the time in seconds. At what extreme rates in fps is P moving along the curve? A. 3and2 B. 3and1 C. 2and0.6 D. 2and1 Problem 616: ECE Board April 1998 A statue 3 m high is standing on a base of 4 m high. If an observer's eye is 1.5 m above the ground, how far should he stand from the base in order that the angle ‘subtended by the statue is a maximum. A 341m B. 351m C. 371m D. 441m Problem 617: A man walks across a bridge at the rate of 5 fps as a boat passes directly beneath him at 10 fps. If the bridge is 10 feet above the boat, how fast are the man and the boat separating 1 second later? A. 8 fps B. 8.25 fps C. 8.33 fps D. 8.67 fps Problem 618: ‘An LRT train 6 m above the ground crosses a street at 9 m/s at the instant that a car approaching at a speed of 4 m/s is 12 m up the street. Find the rate of the LRT train and the car separating one second later. A. 3.64 m/s B. 3.94m/s C. 4.24m/s D. 4.46 mis Problem 619: EE Board October 1993 Water is flowing into a conical cistern at the rate of 8 m°/min. If the height of the inverted cone is 12 m and the radius of its circular opening is 6 m. How fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 m deep? A. 0.64 m/min B. 0.56 m/min348 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas C. 0.75 m/min D. 0.45 m/min Problem 620: CE Board November 1998 Water is pouring into a conical vessel 15 cm deep and having a radius of 3.75 cm across the top. If the rate at which the water rises is 2 cm/sec, how fast is the water flowing into the conical vessel when the water is 4 om deep? A. 2.37 mi/sec B. 5.73 mi/sec C. 6.28 m/sec D. 4.57 m/sec Problem 621: ME Board October 1996 Water is pouring into a swimming pool. After { hours, there are t+ /t gallons in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9 hours? A. TIO ypht B. 8/7 gph C. 6/5 gph D. 5/4 gph Problem 622: A helicopter is rising vertically from the ground at a constant rate of 4.5 meters per second. When it is°75 m off the ground, a jeep passed beneath the helicopter traveling in a straight line at a constant rate of 80 kph. Determine how fast the distance between them changing after 1 second. A. 12.34mis B. 11.10 mis C. 10.32 mis D. 9.85 mis Problem 623: ECE Board November 1991 A balloon is released from the ground 100 meters from an observer. The balloon rises directly upward at the rate of 4 meters per second. How fast is the balloon receding from the observer 10 seconds later? A. 1,68 m/sec B. 1.36 msec C. 1.55 m/sec D. 1.49 msec Problem 624: ECE Board April 1998 A balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 fi./sec. A point B on the ground level with and 30 ft from A. When the balloon is 40 ft. from A, at what rate is its distance from B changing? A. 13 ft/sDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 349 B. 18 ft/s C. 12 fis D. 10 ft/s Problem 625: CE Board May 1997 Car A moves due East at 30 kph at the same instant car B is moving S 30° E, with a speed of 60 kph. The distance from A to B is 30 km. Find how fast is the distance between them separating after one hour. A. 36 kph B. 38 kph C. 40 kph D. 45 kph Problem 626: CE Board November 1996 A car starting at 12:00 noon travels west at a speed of 30 kph. Another car starting from the same point at 2:00 P.M. travels north at 45 kph. Find how (in kph) fast the two are separating al 4:00 P.M.? A 49 B. 51 ee). D. 55 Problem 627: CE Board May 1996 Two railroad tracks are perpendicular to each other. At 12:00 P.M. there is a train at each track approaching the crossing at 50 kph, one being 100 km and the ‘other 150 km away from the crossing. How fast in kph is the distance between the two trains changing at 4:00 P.M.7 67.08 68.08 69.08 70.08 9op> Problem 628: CE Board May 1995 Water is fanning into a hemispherical bowl having a radius of 10 cm at a constant rate of 3 cm®/min. When the water is x cm. deep, the water level is rising at the rate of 0.0149 cm/min. What is the value of x? com> aane350 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 629: ECE Board November 1998 What is the allowable error in measuring the edge of the cube that is intended to. hold & cu. m., if the error of the computed volume is not to exceed 0.03 cu. m? 0.002 0.003 0.0025 0.001 pom> Problem 630: EE Board October 1993 A standard cell has an emf “E” of 1.2 volts. If the resistance “R" of the circuit is increasing at the rate of 0.03 ohm/sec, at what rate is the current “I” changing at the instant when the resistance is 6 ohms? Assume Ohm's law E = IR. A. -0.002 amp/sec B. 0.004 amp/sec C. -0.001 amp/sec D. 0.003 amp/sec ANSWER KEY RATING 606.C 616.C 626. gO 607.B 617.C 627. ie Ech Gee Cee 30-35 Topnotcher 609.8 619.4 Lj 21-29 Passer 610.B 620.C 611.D. 621.A [_] 18-20 conditional 612.A 622.C O 613.C 623.D ss iled ee 0-17 Faile 615.D 625.D If FAILED, repeat the test.Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 351 ‘SOLUTIONS TO TEST 14 d= Yx-4)? +(y-2? wr @ 3 y =x — ao Poy) Substitute (2) in (1) d= yy? 18-4)? + (y-2" Note: d Va = oi S z Be (97-8) Differentiate: 2y? 18—4)(2y 18) + Ay -2)(1) 2yly? 18-4)? + (y —2)? O= 2Ay?/8-4)(2y/8) + 2ly ~2)(1) 2 3 =|¥-9/¥ -42 = 0 (¥ 2X) 4= Yo - Dy +2y—4 y= 64 qa Substitute y = 4 in (2): 2 x= M22 8 Substitute x = 2 and y = 4 in (1) d=(2-4)? +(4-2)? = J8 = 22 unit length Let: x and y = two positive numbers P = product of x and y x+y=60 y=50-x wO Paxy ur @ Substitute (1) in (2): P =x (50—x) = 50x— 7 ‘Substitute x = 25 in (1): y=50-25=25 Thus, the numbers are 25 and 26.352. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas EDN Nee reciente triangle Thus, x= y =z and 0 = 60° x=6 A= dx? sino = £6) sino A= 15.59 cm? BEER 2x+2y=100 y=50-x wr @ A=xy aw ® ‘Substitute (1) in (2): A= x(50—x) = 50x— x? A= 2nth + ar(2) w@® Substitute (1) in (2): As 2rr| 128 2 |. ann? 2 ane? x =0 Substitute rin (1): h=—8 = 5.164 in 1(2.58)"Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 353 Substitute r and h in (2) ‘A= 2n(2.58)(5.164) + 2n(2.58) 25. 53 in? 601 (20 - 2x)? x we @O 100x — 80x" + 4x? = 400-160x-+12x7= * ox 12° - 160x + 400 = 0 20-2x By factoring: (4x - 40)(3x-10) = 0 4x=40 x X= 10 in. (absurd) fee oF ax=10 | x= 3.33 in. 20 1 ‘Substitute x = 3.33 in (1): V ~ [20 ~ 23.33)} (9.33) = 992.99 cubic In, GEA Let: A= total area Ap = area with the picture is 10 A= (10 +x) (20+y) aero] on F 10 Substitute (2) in (1): | <5 A=200+ 1022) «20%. (2) x x A= 600+ 300 , 99 ae ox x=12.24om Substitute x= 12.24 in (2): 300 = 2 24. Yaa 2m Thus, the dimension of the poster is = (10 + 12.24) x (20 + 24.5) 12.24 cm x 44.5 cm.354 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas TEEN Let: P= perimeter P=2x+2y+ (enn) PH2x+2y+ m y= PBEM «5p 257 w@ A= xy + $a?) = @ ‘Substitute (1) in (2): A= 2x(0.5P -2.57x]+ ae =Px- z =Px 5Aat+ 5 A=Px-3.57x" a =P-7.14x=0 0=P-7.14x x=014P Substitute x in (1): y= 0.5P - 2.57(0.14P) y=0.14P, Solving for h: h=y+x=0.14P +0.14P h=0.28P 2(0.14P) 0.28P A =nan + 2(2a?) w@ Substitute (1) in (2):Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 355 aoe ee @= 452 x d= 2.432 in FEE bet: © = total cost per hour N= speed in miles per hour C= fuel cost + others C= kN? + 100 w@O Fuel cost = kN? 25 = k(25)° eet Meas ‘Substitute in (1): = ne c= a5 +100 Let: x= total cost per mile total cost per hour Let: C = total cost x (15) + 4(xh)(6) 15x? + 24xh wr @356 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematies by Tiong & Rojas ‘Substitute (2) in (1): ce 152 + 24y( x=2m Substitute x= 2 in (2): h=20-25m @ ‘Thus, the dimension of the tank is 2mx 2m x 2.5m Ea P = 200900-x-( J (x +1)°= 17.1487 x=0.371 Substitute xin (1): P = 200,000 -0.371- 199,999.457 P = 200,000 } + (0-xF Let: T = total time needed T= time to row + time to walk Tag 6 75Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 357 eee 2(9-x)-1} : x @2yasr+@-xP 7 9-x 6 fas +@-«? "75 (4.5) +(9-x)? =1.25(9- x) 45 ‘Square both sides: (4.5) + (9-)? = (1.25) (9- x)? [Sa \aedaw: ¥ i | 20.25 = (9- x)? [(1.25) -4 i sae al ! 9 ay? = 20.25, x+ y=20 y=20-x or @ A=Kxy wr @ Substitute (1) in (2): A Substitute x = 10 in (1) y=20-10= 10ft Substitute x = 10 and y = 10 in (2): A= 10(10) = 100 FEE cx: c= cost per hour peed of the motorboat nO proportionality constant t= distance __d ae speed x—8 C=Ct ar ®358 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ‘Substitute (1) and (2) in (3): < d Cake (4) Cy _ (x= 8)(Bkdx?) ~ kaP(1) _ 4 cra aie 8? &s 8)(3x) 3x24) De se x= 12 kph Let: R = radius of the cone 1 radius of the inscribed cylinder eight of the cone eight of the inscribed cylinder Va aeh m= @ By ratio and proportion: oat HH-h Hr=RH-Rh Substitute rin (2): pe BH=Hr | RH-H(2/3)R _ 1 R R 3 Substitute rand h in (1) V = n(2R/3)*(H/3) = n(4/27) R7H Let: Ve = volume of the cone Vo = (1/3)(nR?)(H) = w/3 R?HDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 359 ee = (4) 27(R7H) = 0.4401 44% Ve (n/3)(R?H) E = intensity of illumination A&B = intensities of two light sources respectively. k = proportionality constant eo KA, KB _ kA, (GA Gop eGo dE _ kAC-2x) , (-8KAY2)4—xY-1) _ 9 dx x! (4-x)* 2kA x _ 26kA(4—x) x oy dL _-heos@ , -2(-sind) _ 2 do sin?@ cos? heos@ _ 2sin@ sin?@ cos?® heos? 0 =2sin? 0 h= 2tan?o ur @ ‘Substitute L = 6 and h = 2 tan’0 in (1) and simplify: cos0+2sine sin0.c0s0 6 sin 6 cos 0 =h cos 0 +2sin 0 =2 tan’ 6 cos +2sin6360 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 3 6 sin 0 cos =2 (3) cosO+2sine cos8. 2 ecose=2 (82) +2 cos8. 6 cos’ @ = 2 sin’ 6 + 2 cos*@ = 2 (sin? @ + cos* 6) 46. Substitute @ in (2): f= 2 tan® 46.1° = 2.24 m. 615. ae was dt dx 5 ee Note: “Gy is maximum ifsin t= -4 st—1 sint (Hat y=2sint+4 Y - 2008t oy Note: Bis maximum if cos t= 1 Y camye fa21)m2 Thus, the extreme rates are 2 and 1 FEE tan + 0)- 88; tana = 25 x x tana+tan@ 5.5 1-tanatand 28s tano 2.5+xtan@=5.5- tno (c+ 1223) 9 ton 6s ee x4 1375 x? 413.75 xDifferential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 361 3x = tan? ——_ x° +13.75 Note: dian“ u= —24. 1+u" where: bone 3x 9x? kc? + 13.75 -3x(2x) o- — ~ ¥= dus B-3x( x2+18.75 &? «13.767 (x? +13.75F ‘Thus, do __du ox tu? O=du o= 2 +13.75)5-3x(2x) Position of the | (2 +13.75f man after 1 sec. 0=3x +.41.25- 6° 41.25 = 3x7 13.75 St 371m. S$? = (100? + Gt)? + 107 Ss S? = 125? + 100 10 2838 = 250 dt SS 00h 08 jee Le = ie {Position of the | 5(1)" + 100 = 225 boat after I sec, 5 feet Substitute $ = 15 in (1): BOS at 25) O23 PS S?= (12-41)? + (9? + 67 S?= (12-41)? + 81? +36 (12 — 41)(-4) + 102¢ J62t— 8(12- 4t) at 28 second, 12- 4(1))° + 81(1)°+ 36 = 181 13.45 m Position of the LRT after 1 sec. . oe ~ Position of the car after 1 sec.362 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Substitute S = 13.45 in (1): dS _ 162(1)-812-4(0)] dt 2(13.45) ve bath By ratio and proportion: Bor a) 2 Substitute (2) in (1): 2 1 fh La) Vem —| h=—nh' a) 12 AV spate at 12" at Substitute dV/dt = 8 and h = 4: 38 ga dh 8) at dh at .64 mimin agiee? = darth ie By ratio and proportion ‘ Substitute (2) in (1); 1 (h¥ mys V2 on —| h=—hi 343)n 48 ls Seah: dt 48 dt Substitute dhidt = 2 and h = 4: BV _ 3a yo a af) 6.28 om’'sec Let: Q = rate of discharge in gph Q=t+ vt = 3.64 misec, R=3.75 15Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 363 ore thr 1000m = 22.22m/sec km) dS _ 22.227 t+ 45754451) Lg dt s when t = 1 second S = (22.221) + (75+ 4.51)? = yil22.22(0)7 +((75 + 4.5)? $= 82,54m. ‘Substitute S = 82.54, and t = 1 in (1): AS _ (22.22) (1)+ 4.5|75 + 4.5(1), = 10.32 m/sec dt 82.54 st= 1007+ wr @ t as $8 - yh ze 0 Zo att when t= 10 seconds, y = (4 misec)(10 sec) = 40 m. 100 ‘Substitute y = 40 in (1): ‘$? = 100° + 40° = 11600 $= 107.7m Substitute S = 107.7, y = 40 and dylat = 4 in 2): AS _ 404) «4.49 msec at 1077364 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ds dt whe = 40, ee 30? + 40? = = 2500 “sash ‘Substitute S = 50, y = 40 and dy/dt = 15 in (1): dS _ 40(15) _ ae ee Starting point of ear BI Starting point of By cosine law: S? = (301): + 60t - 20 200,601 30) cos 60° s = 9001" + (60t - 30)” — 30t(60t - 30) 239 = = 1800t + 2(60t - 30)(60) - [30t(60) + (6ot - 3030)] ‘ds _ 1800t + 2(60t - 3060) - 1800t - 30(60t- 30) at 28 ds _ 120(60t - 30)--30(60t-30) = dt 28 s [30(1)F + (60(1) - 30}? —(30)(1) (60(1) - 30) S*= 900 Substitute S = 30 and t = 1 in (1): ds _ 120(60(1) = 30)]-30[609(1) = 30)] «45 kop, dt 2(30)Differential Calculus (Maxima-Minima & Time Rates) 365 S? = (60t— 301)? + (45t)* B’ 2s s = 2(60 - 30t)(30) + 2(45t)(45) dS _ (60-300)30)+ 45451) gg 45 Ss dt Ss oS. feo O@F+ Msc? =22600 60 A 30t ‘ 'S = 150 km. Z heal Substitute S = 150 and t = 2 in (1): Ee dS _ [60+ 30(2)80+ 45(45)2)) - 54 kp { Position of car A dt 150. 00 PM! | or ‘S? = (60t - 100)? + (50t - 150)" 238 = 2(60t - 100)(50) + 2(50t - 150)(50) dS _ (60t-100)(50) + (60t-150)(50) a dt s whent hours, 0(4) + 100)" + [50(4) + 150}° = 12500 $= 111.8 km. Substitute $ = 111.8 and t= 4 in (1): dS _ [50(4)- 10050) + \50(4) ~ 15050) - at 111.8 s A a Position of B at 4:00 PM 500-1508 50t-100t Position of A 2) eS ar400PM | Figure for Prob. #627366 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Cte 2 Fe mx? B00) - 4) $ V=t0m? ed av 3nx? \ dx $f -(2o-28") 3 = (20nx—mx?)(0.0149) x -20x+64=0 (x- 4)(x-16) =0 x= 4 or 16 cm. Vex Differentiate both sides: dV =3x7dx ar @ Substitute dV = 0.03 and x = 2 in (1): 0.03 = 3(2)" dx dx = 0.0025 m. E=IR Differentiate both sides: O= (S)-x3) wr @ dt dt when R =6, R/dt = 0.003 and R = 6 in (1): dl = +6(2 0=0.2(0.03) 4) 2 0.001 ampisec. dtIntegral Calculus 367 A. Basic Integrals: i fou-usc z fouu=ause ue 3. fru-Z ec (ne-1) nef 4 fet-inuse u B. Exponential & Logarithmic Functions: 5. foru=eree “ 6. fou Svc ina 7 foctu-etu-nec 8 fovdu=uinu-usc du ina “nny +c . Trigonometric Functions: 10. fsnucu=—cosu-c ct foosudv=sinus.c368 1001 Solved Problems in Enginéering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 12. fianudu-Iisecu +c 13. footud=insiny +c 14. focoudu=nsecu-rtany.+c 15. frsevu \escu-cot u|+C 16. foestudu-tanuec 17, fose? udu =-cotusc 18. frecutanudu-secuse 19. fosoucotudu 20. 21 22. 23, -cescu+C fore udu A sinzu+c 4 f foostuau- Jus Feinauec for? udu =tanu-use foot? uae - cotu-u1c D. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29, fort udu=usintu+yi-u? +6 . fo udu -ucosu-Va-u? +c fran udu -utan‘u-invt—u? +c ; foor'uau = ucot*usinvieu# +c fore udu =useo™ u- mu fu? 1 +c +c . fac udu =uese urine Vi? =|Integral Calculus 369 Hyperbolic Functions: 30. |sinhudu=coshu+C 3 foosnusu=sinnuc 32. Janmudu-tcosny +0 3 8 footnuc = Injsinhul + 34. fore hudu = tan“{(sinhu)+C 35. foschucu = fan ie. 36. foconudu =tanhu+C of Joscr?usu= ‘cothu+C. 38. Joochutennudu =—sechusc 39. fosenucothudu=—eschu+c 40. font? usu = fsinn2u—Fuse 4 2 41. foosh? udu = sinhau+tu+c 4 2 42. flann# udu =u-tannu-c 43, foot? udu=u-cotnuse Trigonometric Substitution: AA. fiP-eau let: u=asino 45. fie? vateu let: u=atand 46. f lu? —a?du let asec370 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas G. Integration By Parts: a7. fudv-w- fuau H. Wallis Formula: Formulated by John Wallis. =. moccaiaaie jor 2]in—1)( or 2] =f, ym-+n=4)---4or2 é where: a = e if both m and n are even a = 1 if otherwise PLANE AREAS AY By rectangular coordinates: Using a vertical differential strip: = oO ae Using a horizontal differential strip: efi By polar coordinates:Integral Calculus 371 The following are the propositions or theorems of Pappus (A.D. c. 400) of Alexandria. First Proposition of Pappus: (Surface Area) “If an arc is rotated about an axis, it will generate a surface area equal to the product of the length of the arc and the circumference described the its centroid.” = distance from centroid to the axis of rotation372 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematies by Tiong & Rojas Second Proposition of Pappus: (Volume) ‘ distance from centroid to axis of ° rotation Solid of revolution: A. Using a vertical differential strip: <> x ib x Hollow cylindrical shell B. Using a horizontal differential strip: force expressed in terms of x Fakx where: k = spring constantAntegral Calculus 373 MENT OF INERTIA (Second Moment of Area) Tip: Pressure The total hydrostatic pressure may be calculated directly by a formula rather than by integration. Payha where : y = density of the liquid i= distance from the centroid of the area to the liquid surface. A= area subjected to pressure Density of water = 1000 kg/m? = 9.81 kNim® = 9810 Nim? = 62.4 Ibsift? = 1 gram/ce Density of other liquids = (density of Hz0)(sp. gr. of liquid) BiB you now that... the propositions of Pappus was inspired by ‘two fruits, namely apple and lemon! Pappus imagined a circle cut by a line not passing through its center and rotate the area of the major part about the said line and produced a solid which looks like an apple while the remaining minor area when rotated about the same line forms what is known as a.lemon. Proceed to the next page for your 15” test. GOODLUCK! =”374 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Time element: 4.0 hours a Problem 631: ECE Board April 1999 ‘What is the integral of (3t- 1)" dt? * A Zorro B. Bbt-a}iec ©. fer- fre D. tat-9+¢ Problem 632: ECE Board November 1998 Evaluate the integral of dx / (x +2) from -6 to -10. 22 12 In3 In2 com> Problem 633: ECE Board November 1998, ME Board April 1998 Integrate x cos ( 2x’ + 7) dx. A Asin(2x? +7 Jc B. tc0s(ax2+7 +c 4 (sin@ ) c cc a(2+7)" D. sinfax?+7)ec Problem 634: ME Board April 1995, ME Board April 1997 Integrate: (7x° + 4x’) dx. ax?Integral Calculus. 375 Tee Ane B. +c e-6 Tih ae: cn ese reese ax D. 7x4 3 te Problem 635: CE Board November 1995 What is the integral of sin ° x cos * x dx if the lower limit is zero and the upper limit is 1/27 A. 0.0203 B. 0.0307 C. 0.0417 D. 0.0543 Peahlem 6361 CE Board November 1994 What is the integral of sin ® x dx if the lower limitis 0 and the upper limit is x/2? 0.233 0.333 0.433 0.533 gom> Problem 637: CE Board May 1996 Find the integral of 12 sin * x cos ° x dx if lower limit = 0 and upper limit = 1/2. 02 03 0.4 05 gom> Problem 638: ECE Board April 1997 Evaluate the integral of sin ® x dx from 0 to n/2. x ae 32 o 7 c 32 a 32376 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 639: CE Board May 1997 8 Evaluate [x(x-5)'2dx. 5 0.456 0.556 0.656 0.756 com> Problem 640: CE Board November 1996 1 Evaluate (2%. geo? A. 0.011 B. 0.022 . c. 0.033 D. 0.044 Problem 641: ECE Board April 1998 #8 Evaluate fos 3A)°dA. é 27m 363 a Se 768 23n 765 12x 81 Problem 642: EE Board March 1998 % Integrate = 0.278 0.336 0.252 0.305 gpom> with respect to x and evaluate the result from x = 0 and x= 2.Problem 643: ECE Board November 1991 Evaluate the integral Joos? ydy y, sin2y ee y+2cosy+C y sn2h 4c y+ sin 2y+C A B. ¢. D. Problem 644: ECE Board November 1998 Integrate the square root of (1 - cosx) dx A =2YB costx+€ B. -2 V2cosx+C c 220085 x+6 D. -2 V2cosx+e Problem 645: ME Board October 1997 Evaluate the integral of cos x dx limits from rae) 0.423 0.293 0.923 0.329 vop> Problem 646: EE Board April 1997 Evaluate the integral of In x dx, the limits are 1 and e. 0 pom> 1 2 3 Problem 647: EE Board October 1997 10 Evaluate {7/0810 °ex i 20 pom> es & Integral Calculus 377378 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 648: CE Board May 1995 What is the integral of cos 2x e "dx? sin2x é A c > sin 2x B. = + c D. Problem 649: ME Board April 1995, ME Board October 1997 The integral of cos x with respect to x is sinx+C secx+C =sinx+U escx+C oom> Problem 650: EE Board April 1997 Find the integral of [ (e exp x — 1] divided by [ e exp x + 1] dx In (e exp x~ 1) square +x+C In(eexpx+1)-x+C In(e@expx-1) +x+C In (@ exp x + 1) square -x+C pope Problem 651: EE Board April 1997 Evaluate the double integral of r sin u dr du, the limits of r is 0 and cos u and the limits of u are 0 and pi. ae: B. 12 ceo D. 43 Problem 652: CE Board November 1996 Evaluate the integral of (3x° + Sy’) dx dy if the interior limits has an upper limit of y and a lower limit of 0, and whose outer limit has an upper limit of 2 and lower limit of. 10 20 30 40 pop>Integral Calculus 379 Problem 653: EE Board April 1996 n/212 Evaluate [ f fzdz rdr sinu du. 6 00 A. 213 B43 c. 13 D. 53 Problem 654: EE Board April 1993 Find the area of the region bounded by y’ = 8x and y = 2x. A. 1.22 sq. units B. 1.33 sq. units C. 1.44 sq. units D. 1.55 sq. units Problem 655: CE Board November 1994 What is the area bounded by the curve x" = -9y and the line y + 1 = 0? A. 3.q. units B. 4q. units C. 58q. units D. 65q. units Problem 656: CE Board May 1995 ‘What is the area (in square units) bounded by the curve y* = x and the line x-4507 30/3 31/3 32/3 29/3 pop> Problem 657: EE Board October 1997 Find the area bounded by the curve y = x’ + 2, and the lines x = 0 and y = O and x=4. 88/3 64/3 54/3, 64/5 pop> Problem 658: EE Board April 1997 Find the area bounded by the parabolas y = 6x ~ x" and y = x” ~ 2x. Note: The parabolas intersect at points (0,0) and (4,8). ‘A. 44/3 square units380 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas B. 64/3 square units C. 74/3 square units D. 54/3 square units Problem 659: ME Board April 1999 Find the area bounded by the parabola x7 = 4y andy = 4. 21.33 33.21 31.32 13.23 peep Problem 660: EE Board October 1997 Find the area bounded by the line x - 2y + 10 = 0, the x-axis, the y-axis and x= 10. A 75 B. 50 c. 100 Osea Problem 661: CE Board May 1996 ‘What is the area (in square units) bounded by the curve y’ = 4x and x = 4y? 5.33 6.67 733 8.67 pop> Problem 662: CE Board May 1997 Find the area enclosed by the curve x* + 8y + 16 = 0, the x-axis, the y-axis and the line x—4 =0. . A. 7.67 sq. units B. 8.67 sq. units C. 9.67 sq. units D. 10.67 sq, units Problem 663: ME Board October 1997 ‘What Is the area bounded by the curve y = x’, the x-axis and the line x = - 2 and x21? 4.25 2.45 5.24 5.42 pOp>Integral Calculus 381 Problem 664: ME Board April 1999 Find the area in the first quadrant bounded by the parabola y* = 4x, x= 1&x=3 9.555 9.955 5.955 5.595 pom> Problem 665: ECE Board April 1998 Find the area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabolas x — 2y = 0 and xX +2y-8=0. A 147 B. 47 Cr 97 D. 107 Problem 666: ME Board April 1998 ‘What io the area between y ~ 0, y ~ 3x", x O and x - 2? 8 24 12 6 com> Problem 667: CE Board May 1995 What is the area bounded by the curve y* = x and the line x4 =07 1 313 10 32/3 pom> Problem 668: CE Board November 1996, CE Board November 1998 Find the area of the curve r? = a” cos 20. A B. 2a c. @ Dera Problem 669: Locate the centroid of the plane area bounded by y = x’ and y =x. ‘A. 0.4 from the x-axis and 0.5 from the y-axis B. 0.5 from the x-axis and 0.4 from the y-axis C. 0.5 from the x-axis and 0.5 from the y-axis D. 0.4 from the x-axis and 0.4 from the y-axis382 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 670: Find the coordinates of the centroid of the plane area bounded by the parabola y=4—x and the x-axis. A. (0,1) B. (1.6) Cc. @,2) D. (1,0) Problem 671: Locate the centroid of the plane area bounded by the equation y” = 4x, x= and the x-axis on the first quadrant. A. (8/4, 3/5) B. (3/5, 3/4) C. (3/5, 3/5) D. (3/5, 2/3) Problem 672: Find the length of arc of the parabola x’ = 4y from x =-2 to x= 2. 4.2 units 4.6 units 4.9 units 5.2 units vom> Problem 673: Eind the surface area (in square units) generated by rotating the parabola arc y =x about the x-axis from x = Oto x= 1. Ry 5.93) B. 498 C573 D. 4.73 Problem 674: CE Board May 1997 2 The area enclosed by the ellipse a+ 2 = is revolved about the line x = 3. What is the volume generated? 355.3 360.1 370.3 365.1 gopIntegral Calculus 383 Problem 675: CE Board May 1996 The area in the second quadrant of the circle x* + y* = 36 is revolved about the line y + 10 = 0. What is the volume generated? A. 2218.33 B. 2228.83 C. 2233.43 D. 2208.53 Problem 676: CE Board November 1995 ‘The area bounded by the curve y” = 12x and the line x = 3 is revolved about the line x = 3. What is the volume generated? A. 179 B. 181 Cr 183 D. 185 Problem 677: CE Board November 1994 Given the area in the first quadrant bounded by x” = 8y, the line y -2 = 0 and the y-axis. What is the volume generated when the area is revolved about the line y ~: 0? A. 28.41 B. 27.32 Cc. 25.83 D. 26.81 Problem 678: Find the volume (in cubic units) generated by rotating a circle x + y’ + 6x + 4y + 12 = O about the y-axis. A. 39.48 B. 47.23 Cc. 59.22 D. 62.11 Problem 679: CE Board May 1995 Given the area in the first quadrant by x° = @y, the line x = 4and the x-axis. What is the volume generated by revolving this area about the y-axis. 53.26 52.26 51.26 50.26 pop>584 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 680: CE Board November 1995 Find the moment of inertia, with respect to x-axis of the area bounded by the parabola y* = 4x and the line x= 1 2.03 2.13 233 2.53 com> ANSWER KEY 631.A 644.4 657.A 670.B 632.D 645.B 658.B 671.B 633.A 646.B 659.A 672.B 634.C 647.A 673.A BESS828888 POOFUCUOrFOrY g g RATING O 43-50 Topnotcher [_] 30-42 Passer [LJ 25-25 conditional (J 0-24 Faiied If FAILED, repeat the test.Integral Calculus 385 SOLUTIONS TO TEST 15 fo -1)°dt -4 fo =1)°3dt (3t-4+C frcos (ax? + 7)¢x -t Joos (2x? + 7)4x-dx 5 ‘ Jor? +4x2)0x =O 2c 8 636. = 1 sin (x? +7)+C 3 4g si? Jsin® xcos* x dx ° Using Wallis formula: 2/2 J sin xcos" x dx = 3 In this problem; m = 5; n = 3; a = 1, since both m & n are odd numbers. (m=‘m=3)m~5).F(0=i0= 3-5). (m+nyim+n-2)\(m+n-4).5 2/2 fsin® xcos® x4 ° 6-06-39GB-9 5 90417 B62) x12 fain’ xox 3 Using Wallis formula: m = 5; n= 0 and a = 1 since m is an odd number386 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas x12 Join’ x ax = AQ) 4 =0.633 5(3)(1) I 5 150.2 10(8)(6)(4)2) ) ca font xdx é Using Wallis formula: m = 6; n = 0 and a = 7/2, since m is an even number w2 fon? xax= SOG. 2 a Se é 6(4)(2) 2 32 pe ~5)!dx & Note: fudy = uv — fvdu 1 xdx = (x41 oxdx (+1? éIntegral Calculus 387 fr et & = +t fost dx Ax+? 7 fo ) -1 0 1 6 6 we ee Maes (0nd +1 7041" al: y* -(oar4] = 0.022 28 ca foos® 3A da 3 Let: u= 34; du = 34A thus, dA = dus Change limits: atA=0,u=0; atA= m6, u= n/2 Using Wallis formula: n = 8 and a = w/2, since nis an even number = tf HOMONO.) x) = 100m 35x. 3\8(6)(4)(2)\2) 2304 768 [2388 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 14.6082 1 2 = PR Joos? yay = [ASSAY ay = z J+ cos2yyay 1 1 Le Joy 7 Joos: 2y(2dy)) =, sindy 4 +C i-cosxax inX —_[toosx Note: sin = ote: sin> ; Thus, Being = V-cosx % in XX Af fin = 242 fon S = 2ava{- cos} c ~ ~2W2eos5 +6 x2 sf EEA foosxax = sin : sin -(sn]= 0.289 3A as 2 4 Note: n/2 = 90° and n/4 = 45° BAG ‘fn xdx i Let: u = In x; du & dv =dx vex x e finxdx =uv- fudu Hi gs dx fi = (nx) - fxM=xInx—x |) =elne-e-(Int-1)=1 10 10 EA “flog edx _ ax 40 eae 2logioe j 37 (2 lOgi0e) Im x |, = (2 logioe) [In 10 - In 1] =2 Note: ¢ = 2.718Integral Calculus 389 foos2x et ?*dx 649. Let: u= sin 2x; du = cos 2x(2) feosax eth ?%ax = ; fot (2cos 2x) etx 4c 2 foosxdx=sinx +c foctee pees ox ee est Jeket = In(e +1) (ee (ee Let: u = e* + 1, thus e" = u—1; du =e" dx fo eee tie du du eX41 FeX(eX 41) F(u-tu-1+1) Juu-1) T= ASB uu-) uu-4 1 =A (u-1)+Bu=Au-A+ Bu Equate constant: 1=-A, thus A= Equate coefficients of u: O=A+B O=-1+B, thus B= 1 f du__ p-du, p du 4 wu-)) Su” da-4 Inu+in (u-1)=-In @*+1) + In @) x Thus, [= Tago infer +1-in(eX ++ine%]+¢ + in@+t)—x4+ in(e+ 1)-x+C cosu j J rsinudrdu = e S sinudu = 1 Joos? usinucs 3 3s ==} foor? u-sinuyau= fs a end =-L 0s? x-cos* 0)390 1001 Salsa Pretlens eee Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas fe Jos 9 \dxdy = [Soo 2 pa= fly? +9y% ay 3 34 Fo Sinudu y=2x =2@) y=4 ag A= fydx= Joe yi ex 3 a 3 oo x=3 a) cs. A= 2 [ydx=2f-(y1 -yp)dx aneIntegral Calculus 391 > "0 ole ()? -2 square units A= |ydx 3 . = [lesan é 3 = Xsan =a) A= & square unis 658. ore visio x -6x=-y X-2x=y &-3Ps-y+9 (=1)7 5 y+ &- say -9) ‘Thus, the vertex is at (1,-1) Thus the vertex is at (3,9)392 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Ad A= [ydx= [iver -ye2)dx ne = fle)-f¢ 2 EEE a 2fucy 3 =2| fey 4)%0 ora {ia sors 28g? =e) A= 21.33 square units A= 75 square units :Integral Calculus 393 (i Another solution, use the formula of a trapezoid: 2 $e +b)h= 3000 +)(10) = 75 square units < =4y er @ GY 24 Thus the parabolas will intersect at (0,0) and (4,4) men 4 : A= [ydx= |(ye1—ye2)ax= {eS aes 3 4 2 312 3 oe x 2x x z [es 4)" 372 4) A= 5.33 square units lo zd By-16 aly +2) Thus, vertex is at (0,-2) ‘ A= - ydx é Note: x + 8y +16 =0. -By=x* are AS 2) 3 A =, 2(4) = 10.67 square units394 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas As f xdy + fee = 6 A= 5.595 square units Ea x +2y-8=0 se 2y+s or @ 2(y 4), thus vertex is at (2,4) Xx=27 -e@ Equate (1) to (2): = 2y+8=2y u =2(2)=4 x=22 Thus, the two curves intersect at points (2,2) and (-2,2). eg A= 2 [ydx=2 [iye:-ypo)dxIntegral Calculus 395 A= (2)° =8 square units A 2 fx=2 [ids é é 3/2 5 2/2 4 31a 3/23” A= Sea? = 2 square units FEES &= cos 20 é c o ta 30° [40.7072 45° oO 60" i 90°, i 120° i 150° | £0.707a 180° +a Note: Differential area of a sector 13 dA= —r°d0 3 a, 4s ee leea aoc Slee do = 2 i do = (3) fe? cos202do) : 3 A= a? sin 20 El <-) wo y=x @®O Equate (1) to (2): x. eg ? sin [(2)(45")] = 2? square units396 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas oe 1 3 = square units : ' Ax fyde-x= fy. -yp)dx-x ao = hee x= ffe-e) ext Poe OES - Y* "5/2 3 |0 ayet 6 15 y=04 ‘Thus, the coordinates of the center is at (0.5, 0.4)671. Integral Calculus 397 (y—4) Thus the vertex is at (0,4). aty=0 y=4-x¥ xet2 i} Thus the parabola intersects ey the x — axis at points (-2,0) and (2,0). i Solving for the area of the parabola: x A gon where: b=4andh=4 Z 3 5 5 Mier acts 16x- 2 S Sie gee a) +57 7.067 (10.667) y = 17.067 6 ‘Thus, the center is at point (0,1.6) y=4x atx=1 y= a(t) y=+2 Thus, the parabola and the line intersect at points (1,2) and (1,-2). Solving for area: 2 2 4 : = [2h] -(2\ayy=4 A [Bon] Gh Xt) = 5 square units I =i Jena = 2 fax é é é 1 Ay= pe 2398 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas =_ fey _ Ay =f 2 }: =1 4ya1 alo 2008/2 5/2 3 2dx = xe3 2 4+ x Fe i é 2 S= V4+xax é Let: x=2tan6 Limits: x =0 dx = 2 sec” 0 do 0 = 45° 45° 45° S= | V4+4tan® 6 (2sec? eds) = | Va(t+tan?@) (25sec? oda) 3 é 45° 45° & J Vatsec? 9) (2sec?@ da) = J asec? oe o oGA Integral Calculus 399 aft 1 45° 8 =4{eeo0tand «Live +tano)) S— 4{oeessr tends: + Jiniscasstan4s4) 6 unit length 1 A= fos-ana ask ff+2)"ex00 é 1 3 22 AZ (24) dx 2mx as ata : 2 lo % dy = 2x dx A 5{tesot?-he-aorP] Wao A=5.33 dx A=2n fi + (2x)?xdx 1 A= 2n ft 4x2) 7xax Note: Standard equation of an ellipse with center at (0,0) and with major-axis horizontal. ss ao oe By inspection: a=3andb=2 A= nab A= x(3)(2) = 6x Using the second proposition of Pappus: V=A-2nd 6n-2n(3) 365.3 cubic units x+y’ =36= (6)? Standard equation of a circle with center at the origin: x? + y? = 2 By inspection, r= 6. Let: y = distance of the center of a gravity of the quarter circle from the x-axis400 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas = yar Formula! i on y= 4O-2546 3a Using the second proposition of Pappus: VeA2nd = gle) 2at0+3) = “ (2n\10 + 2.546) \V = 2228.83 cubic units Gl y-ix atx=3 12(3) y=i6 Thus, the parabota and the tine intersect, at points (3,6) and (3,-6). ‘Solving for the area: A=Zpn=2 12)()= 24 square units 5.2 de: so 3 Formula! 2 Gwe V=A.2nd = 24.2n(1.2) V= 181 cubic units a Thus, the parabola and the line intersect at points (4,2) and (-4,2). Solving for the area: A =n =2(ay2) = 5.333 square units h Formula!Integral Calculus 401 xe + y+ 6x4 dy + 12=0 Moreen eae By completing square: (+3 y +2 +3)? + y +2) 24944 ‘Thus, the center of circle is at (-3,-2) and the radius is 1. By inspection, d= 3 V=A.2nd = a?-2nd = x(1)*(2n)(3) V = 59.22 cubic units Ga @ y=2 Thus, the parabola and the line intersect at point (4,2). by 4 ag v= [yax anx= | 2axdx ° é Thus, the parabola and the line intersect at points (1,2) and (1,-2). 2 2, k= Jean oy Py. ye by402 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Differential Equation (DE)- is an equation containing at least one derivative. Examples: a. (2xy +x) dx + 2y dy =0 2 3 ay @y) ys » (23) 2] +0 ©. &= ty" tay ty=0 x xX toa ‘Types of Differential Equations (DE): @. Ordinary DE — an equation containing only one independent variable, thus having only ordinary derivatives in the equation, (Examples a, b & c) b. Partial DE ~an equation containing two or more independent variables, thus having partial derivatives in the equation. (Example d) Order of a DE: ‘The order of a DE is the order of the highest ordered derivative which appears in the equation. Degree of a DE: ‘The degree of a DE is the degree (exponent) of the highest ordered derivative which appears in the equation. Example: a — First order, First degree b— Third order, Second degree c— Second order, First degree d—First order, First degree Types of solutions of a DE: a. General solution — the solution has at least on rbitrary constant. Example: x°—3y = C, where: C = arbitrary constantDifferential Equations 403 b. Particular solution — the solution has no arbitrary constant. Example: 2xy +y*-2=0 Solutions to first order DE: a. Variable scparable type Standart fom: | PBS | b. Homogeneous type Standard torn sar ENE | General solution: a Test for homogeneity of degree n: Let: foxy) = Mox, hax Ne vay (rx, ry) = 1 fy) ©. Exact type sino: (I rw cn: a where: Foxy) = JMOxy)2« + ky Foxy) = [Nowy)oy + ke Test for exactness: rr404 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas d. Linear type See ee Bonen | where: integrating factor = @!°) e. Bemoulli’s equation type Bee ae Sorrento peers Pipes ie, Applications of first order DE a. Population growth problems where: fe rate of change of the population number of inhabitants at any time t constant of proportionality b. Decay problems where: BR) Beeson cinennsnes Q = amount of the substance present at any time t k = constant of proportionality c. Continuous compound interest problems where: = rate of change ofthe account P= money present in the account at any time t nominal rate of interest per yearDifferential Equations 405 . Flow problems where: Q = concentration of the mixture at any time t 90 rate of change of the concentration of the mixture dt e. Cooling and heating problems where: a = rate of change of the body temp. T= temperature of the body at any time t t, = surrounding temperature "= Cooling process "© Heating process f. Newton's second law of motion where: m= mass of the body SY = rate of change of velocity g. Geometrical problems (Orthogonal trajectory) ‘A curve which intersects all curves of a given family at the same angles is referred to as a trajectory; if the intersection is at right angle, the curve is called orthogonal trajectory. =) = slope of the orthogonal trajectory (2) = slope of the given family ( ‘9 of curves ha 2 |406 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Bi6 you now that... The binary number system using 2 as the base, which was investigated and set into serious numerical system by eminent German mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, was used by Chinese mathematicians as early as 5 century A.D.! Proceed to the next page for your 16” test. GOODLUCK ! =Differential Equations 407 Time element: 2.0 hours & 30 minutes ee Problem 681: Determine the order and degree of the differential equation 2 x S¥.0¢(24) —xy=0. ‘A.. Fourth order, first degree B. Third order, first degree C. First order, fourth degree D. First order, third degree Problem 682: Which of the following equations is an exact DE? A. (x? +1) dx=xy dy=0 B. xdy + (8x-2y) dx=0 C. 2xy dx + (2+x’) dy=0 D. xydy-ydx=0 Problem 683: ‘Which of the following equations is a variable separable DE? A. (x+x’y) dy = (2x + xy’) dx B. (x+y) dx—2y dy=0 ©. dy dx= (x +1) dy D. y‘dx + 2x-3y) dy=0 Problem 684: ECE Board April 1998 The equation y* = cx is the general solution of: 2y A er x x B. os y ey. cye Be ox D. aX ay408 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 685: EE Board March 1998 Solve the differential equation: x (y - 1) dx + (x + 1) dy = 0. Ify = 2 when x determine y when x = 2. A 1.80 B. 1.48 C. 1455 D. 163 Problem 686: EE Board October 1997 If dy = x?dx ; what is the equation of y in terms of x if the curve passes through aay? A. x? -3y+3=0 B. x°-3y+2=0 C. x8 +3y?+2=0 OD. 2y+x?+2-0 Problem 687: ECE Board November 1998 \d the equation of the curve at every point of which the tangent line has a slope of 2x. A. x=-y?+C Bo y=-x?4C Cc. y=x2+e D. x=y?+C Problem 688: ECE Board April 1995 Solve (cos x cos y — cot x) dx— sin x sin y dy = 0 sin x cos y = In (c cos x) sin x cos y = In (c sin x) sin x cos y = - In (¢ sin x) sin x cos y = - In (¢ cos x) com> Problem 689: EE Board October 1997 Solve the differential equation dy -xdx = 0, if the curve passes through (1,0)? A. 3x?+2y-3=0 B. 2y+x?-1=0 ©, x?-2y-1-0 D, 2x?+2y-2=0Differential Equations 409 Problem 690: ME Board April 1996 What is the solution of the first order differential equation y(k+1) = y(k) +5. 5 vik) = 4-2 y(k) = 20+ 5k y(k) = C -k , where C is constant The solution is non-existent for real values of y 90D > Problem 691: EE Board Ap: Solve (v1 fey?) dx-xdy A hey sy=c Basen yea =e CG. yery+y=c pv. fe-y+y=¢ Problem 692: ECE Board November 1994 Find the differential equation whose general solution is y = Cx + Cze* (x= 1)y'=xy ty=0 + 4)y"-xy +y=0 (-t)y"+ xy +y=0 (+1) y' txy ty=0 com> Problem 693: EE Board October 1995 Find the general solution of y' = y sec x (sec x + tan x) (sec x— tan x) sec x tan x (sec’ x tan x) com> Problem 694: EE Board April 1996 Solve xy’ (2y—1) =y (1-x) In (xy) = 2 (x-y) +C In (xy) = x—-2y+C In (xy) = 2y-x+C In (xy) = x4 2y+C pom>410 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 695: EE Board April 1996 Solve (x + y) dy = (x—y) dx. ¥¢+y¥=C x4 Dxy + =C x -2xy-y=C X-2xyt+y¥=C gop> Problem 696: Solve the linear equation: +2 Problem 697: CE Board May 1997 Find the differential equations of the family of lines passing through the origin. ydx — xdy = 0 _xdy - ydx = 0 xdx + ydy = 0 ydx + xdy = 0 pom> Problem 698: CE Board May 1996 ‘What is the differential equation of the family of parabolas having their vertices at the origin and their foci on the x-axis. A. 2xdy-ydx=0 B. xdy 1 ydx=0 CC. 2ydx—xdy =0 D. gy Dx=0 ax *Differential Equations 411 Problem 699: CE Board November 1995 Determine the differential equation of the family of lines passing through (h, k). (y—k)dx — (x -h)dy = 0 (y-n)=(-")= 2 A B. ax C. (x-hyx-(y-kyy =0 D. (c+ hax — (y —k)dy = 0 Problem 700: Determine the differential equation of the family of circles with center on the y-axis. A P-xi ty =0 B. y’-xyy =0 Oe OS) 8 0: D yy +yFtw_=o Problem 701: EE Board April 1997 Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount at any instant. In 100 years, 100 mg of radium decomposes to 96 mg. How many mg will be left after 100 years? A. 88.60 B. 95.32 Cc. 92.16 D. 90.72 Problem 702: ‘The population of a country doubles in 50 years. How many years will it be five times as much? Assume that the rate of increase is proportional to the number of inhabitants. 100 years 116 years 120 years 98 years som> Problem 703: Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount present. if half of the original amount disappears after 1000 years, what is the percentage lost in 100 years? 6.70% 4.50 % 5.36 % 4.30% gom>412 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 704: ECE Board November 1998 Find the equation of the family of orthogonal trajectories of the system of parabolas y? =2x+C. A. y=Ce* B. y=Ce* Cc. y=Ce* D. y=Ce™ Problem 705: According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate at which a substance cools in air is directly proportional to the difference between the temperature of the substance and that of air. If the temperature of the air is 30° and the substance cools from 100° to 70° in 15 minutes, how long will it take to cool 100° to 50°? A. 33.59 min, min 8 min 45.00 min B cc D. Problem 706: An object falls from rest in a medium offering a resistance. The velocity of the object before the object reaches the ground is given by the differential equation dVidt + V/10 = 32, fllsec. What is the velocity of the object one second after it falls? A. 40.54 $ B 3865 C. 3045 D. 34.12 Problem 707: : In a tank are 100 liters of brine containing 50 kg. total of dissolved salt. Pure water is allowed to run into the tank at the rate of 3 liters a minute. Brine runs out of the tank at the rate of 2 liters a minute. The instantaneous concentration in the tank is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is in the tank at the end of one hour? A. 15.45 kg. B. 19.53 kg. C. 1262kg D. 20.62 kg.Differential Equations 413 Problem 708 ‘A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which 50 Ibs of salt has been dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 3 gpm, containing 2 Ibs of dissolved salt per gallon. Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a drain pipe draws out of the tank the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the amount of salt in the tank at the end of 30 minutes. A. 171.24 Ibs. B. 124.14 Ibs. C. 143.25 Ibs. D. 105.12 Ibs. Problem 709: ME Board April 1998 If the nominal interest rate is 3%, how much is P5,000 worth in 10 years in a continuously compounded account? A. P5,750 R- PR.750 Cc. P7,500 D. P6,350 Problem 710: ME Board October 1997 Annominal interest of 3% compounded continuously is given on the account, What is the accumulated amount of P10,000 after 10 years? A. P13,620.10 B. P13,500.10 €. P13,650.20 D. P13,498.60 RATING (2) 25-30 topnotcher EA 18-24 Passer (J 05-17 conditional (J 0-15 Faited IfFAILED, repeat the test. A A .D 1 . B B A A 20:414. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas SOLUTIONS 10 TEST 16 Ea Fourth order, since the highest derivative in the equation is 4" derivative. First degree, since the exponent or power of the 4” derivative is 1. aN FEEEI 4.0 whose equation is Mi xy Jax + N(xy )dy = 0 is exact if x —— Note: From the choices, choice (c) is an exact DE. 2xydx + 24 x2}ty =0 M= 2xy 2+e a(2xy) + x? Sie 2x nex See ‘A DE is a variable separable if the coefficient of dx shall be functions of x only and the coefficient of dy shall be functions of y only. Note. From Une chivives, chvive (¢) Is a varlable separable DE 2y dx = (x* + 1) dy 2ydx (x? + tydy yOR +1) yO? +1) zs Differentiate: ie o=xew)-¥ xdx dy _ t (te Integrate: fax- Peres BEE gy ryccr ai nayeo 0Differential Equations 415 xin (x+1)+In(y-1)=C atx=1y=2 41-In(1 +4) +in(2-1) ce atx=2;y=? 2—In (2 +1) + In (y—1) = 0.307 In(y-1) =- 0.594 y-1 seo y= 1.55 | 636.) dy =eaogp Different forms of complex numbers a. Rectangular form grip were: a= real part b= imaginary part b. Trigonometric form oejraing426 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ¢. Polar form where: 1 = modulus or absolute value © = argument or amplitude in degrees d. where’ 6 = argument in radians Mathematical operatione: a. Addition and Subtraction of complex numbers Rule: Use the rectangular form ay, + js) + (@2 + jba) = (Gy + az) + j (bs + ba) (200) a ibe) = (er-a) +) 0s-bd) b. Multiplication of complex numbers. Rule: Use the polar form 6 lle ¢. Division of complex numbers )= tite 20, +02) * Rule: Use the polar form nee ae eee =) d. Complex number raised to exponent Rule: Use the polar form (r20F =r"z(n0)Advanced Engineering Math 427 e. n" root of a complex number Rule: Use the polar form where: k= 0, first root or principal root k= 1, second root k=2, third root k=n-1,n™ root f. Logarithm of a complex number Rule: Use the trigonometric form g. Exponential & trigonometric functions of a complex number Note: tan 9 = 509. 086 Note: tan he = $i8h® cosho coshd sinho 1 coshd 1 sinhO cot ho = sec he = esc ho =428 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas i. Inverse trigonometric functions of complex numbers Arc sinz= itn{ it Vi-z" | jin (ex? i A+iz 2 (=z J. Inverse hyperbolic functions of complex numbers Arc cos z Arc tan Are sity = In(zt +1) Arccosh z= a(t =) Are tanh 2 ~ 1in( 1*2 2n\1=2. Matrix is a rectangular array of real numbers arranged in m rows and n columns. The term “matrix” was introduced by the English mathematician James Joseph Sylvester (1814 - 1897) in 1850. The size of a matrix is determined by the number of rows and columns. The expression “m x n' is the dimension or order of the matrix. If the matrix has only one column, itis called a column matrix and if it has nly one row, it is called a row matrix. The following is a 3 x 3 matrix or square matrix (i.e. 3 rows and 3 columns). ese 4 A=|2 1 4 3-2 -2 The first non-zero entry in a row of a matrix is known as the leading entry or the leading element. In the matrix above, 6 is the leading entry. The diagonal from the upper left to the lower right is called the principal diagonal or main diagonal and all entries in the said diagonal are called as diagonal entries. If all entries in a matrix above the main diagonal are zero, then it is said to bo a lower triangular matrix, and if all the entries below the main diagonal are zero, the matrix is referred to as the upper diagonal matrix. 60 0 65 4 60 0 A=|2 1-0 B=|0 1 4 c=|0 1 0} 3-2 -2 00 -2 00 -2) Lower Triangular Matrix Upper Triangular Matrix Diagonal MatrixAdvanced Engineering Math 429 ‘Two matrices are said to be equal if and only if there orders are equal and their corresponding elements are equal. Example: Matrices B and C are equal. 3 2 3 2 teed | ‘Sum of two matrices: If A and B are two matrices of the same order, the sum of A and B, denoted by A + B, is the matrix for which each of its elements is the sum of the corresponding elements of A and B. Example: Find A +B. a-[§ -2 3 a7 A “18 -3 704 Solution 5+4 -2+7 641 95 7 axo-[ 143 8+0 Py 8 Difference of two matrices: If A and B are matrices having the same order, then the difference of A and B, denoted by A~B, is defined as A-B=A+(B) Example: Find A - B. -3 43 at] Ba|7 -5 8 8 2 Solution: 4 -3] [-4 -3 0 -6 A-B=|-5 -1/+|-7 5 |=|-12 4 3 8] [-8 -2] |-5 6 Supposed that.A is a matrix of order m x p and B is a matrix of order p x n, then the product of A and B, denoted by AB, is the n xn matrix for which the element in the ith row and the jth column is the sum of the products formed by multiplying each element in the ith row of A by the corresponding element in the jth column of B.430 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Example: Find DC. ao 413 D=|4 -1 c [ | 125 Dis a3x2 matrix and C is a2 x3 matrix. The product DC can be obtained because the number of columns of D (2 columns) is equal to the number of rows of C (2 rows). The product DC will be a 3 x 3 matrix. 2(-4) +(-3)(-1)_ 21) + (-3)(2)_ 2(3) + (-3)(6)] [-5 -4 -9 DC =| 4-4)+(-N-1) 41+) 4(3)+-N6)|=|-15 2 7 1-4)+ 5-1) (1) + (2) (3) + (8) <9 A415 28, Division of matrices Division of matrices are done by multiplying the numerator by the inverse matrix of the denominator. Let: A and B are matrices A g ~ AB ' where Bis called the inverse matrix of matrix B Transpose Matrix If matrix A is reflected in its main diagonal, so that all rows become columns and all columns become rows without changing their relative order of entries in the rows and columns, the result is a transpose matrix, A’. Example: 4-1 rea So0b Cofactor of an entry of a matrix A cofactor of an entry of a matrix is the same as the cofactor of the same entry in the determinant of the matrix and thus, is defined only for square matrices. Sign conventions: lees = eer Example: Find the co-factor of 6 in the following matrix. 120 A=|2 14 426)Advanced Engineering Math 431 The equivalent matrix is: raed ane a The determinant of A is: det A= b rom: (2)Q)=-3 Thus, the cofactor of 6 is — 3 Cofactor Matrix A cofactor matrix is formed by replacing each element in the given matrix by its cofactor, Example: Find cofactor matrix of A az[> ? Cofactor matrix of A= |1 * are 23 Inverse Matrix Steps required to find for the Inverse Matrix (say. A): a. Form the cofactor matrix of matrix A b. Form the transpose matrix of the cofactor matrix A c. Evaluate the determinant of matrix A d. Divide each elément in the (matrix cofactor)” Example: Find the inverse matrix of A. ae ae A=|2 14 426 -2 4 0 Cofactor matrixA=|-12 6 6 8-4 -3 le (Cofactor matrix A)" = oan o o432. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Aan detA=|2 1 4 426 42 0 6 6 6 -3 DETERMINANTS Determinant is a square matrix (i.e. the number of rows = the number of column). Every determinant can be associated with a real number. Properties of determinants: @ Ifthe rows of one determinant are the same as the columns of another, and in the same order, the two determinants are equal ® |ftwo columns (or rows) of a determinant are interchanged, the value of the resulting determinant is equal to the negative of the value of the given determinant © If two columns (or rows) of a determinant are identical, the value of the determinant is zero. © Ifthe elements of a column (or row) of a determinant are multiplied by k, the value of the determinant is multiplied by k. © Ifthe elements of the jth column of a determinant D are the sum aj+ by, then D is the sum of the determinants D’ and D" in which all the columns of D, D' and D: are the same except the jth; furthermore, the jth column of D’ is aj, i= 1, 2,3,....n, and the th column of D” is by,! = 1, 2, 3,...,. Similarly for rows. © The value of the determinant is not changed if a column is replaced by the column plus a multiple of another column. Similarly for rows. Determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix: deta= f° { k det A = ad—beAdvanced Engineering Math 433 Determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix: ante detA=|d e f > o =o detA=|d e gh = (aei + big + cdh) - (gec + hfa + idb) zoo a d g Determinant of a 4.x 4 matrix: a. Using Pivotal Element method: Example: Find det A. i i ee 2 for 2" row and 2 (ak: 2 for 2" column Jie ce ee 2—-(-4Y(-1)_ 3-(-4)(-2)_ -1-(-4)2)| det A=|3-(2)(-1) -4-(2)(-2) -1-(2)(2)| (1)"” -2-(5)(-1) 1-(5)(-2) 4~(5)(2) 2-5 7/ [2-5 7/246 det A= 0 -5\=|5 0 -5|/5 0 341 -6| [3 14 -6] 3 11 24 3-4 ask) 1 @ 3.2 =4 4434. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Set the encircled numbers to zero by: Multiplying column 2 by 1 and add it to column 4 Multiplying column 2 by 2 and add it to column 3 Multiplying column 2 by -2 and add it to column 4 The new matnx becomes, |-2 5 7 oo 0 As 5 oO -5 3 11-6 2-5 7 A=(1)]5 0 (6) (1)? 3 11,.-6 Set the encircled number to zero by multiplying column 1 by 1 and add it to column 3 Eb 6 «5 — A pe 2for 2 row | ies | 1 for I" column kb 6 aata= (5 | = 5 [(-5)(-3) — (11)8)] 1) det A= 200 { LAPLACE TRANSFORMS ‘The Laplace transform of a function f(t) denoted by ./ | f(t) ]is defined as a function of a variable *s” by the integral: where: t > 0 and s is any number (real or complex)Advanced Engineering Math 435 Laplace transform of some elementary functions: fb) dost 2.2 ett 4. pase 6. e“*sin kt 7. e*cos kt 8. sinat 9. cosat 10. sinh at 11. cosh at 12. tsinat 13. toos at 14, sin (wt +0) 15. cos (wt +8) F(s) , 3 a 2 o nl! net 2, sta eanss (stay! pee (s¥a)? +k? sta (sFa)? +k? ssiné-kcos® st 4k?436 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Bid you Rnow that... The theory of determinants dates back to the ancient Chinese who use bamboo rods in representing the coefficient of unknown quantities, and gain acceptance when introduced in Japan by the 17" century greatest Japanese mathematician Seki Kowa (1642 = 1708). Even if German Mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von iz. (1646 - 1716) and Swiss mathematician Gabriel Cramer (1704 ~ 1752) gave their valuable contribution to the subject, it was Alexandre-Theophile Vandermonde (1735 ~ 1796) the one regarded as the formal founder of determinant theory! Proceed to the next page for your 17th test. GOODLUCK ! 5Advanced Engineering Math 437 Time element: 4.0 hours Problem 711: ECE Board April 1999 ‘Simplify the expressioni'®% + i'9°° , where i is an imaginary number. 0 =i t+ 1-1 gom> Problem 712: EE Board April 1997 Simplify: (29 +i?" +i 3i 1-1 14i 2i gom> Problem 713: EE Board April 1997 Write in the form a + bi the expression (*”” — (77 + i'* 2i+1 Problem 714: CE Board May 1994 The expression 3 + 4i is a complex number. Compute its absolute value. pop> Noose Problem 715: EE Board October 1993 Write the polar form of the vector 3 + j4. 6253.1° 10253.1° 5253.1° 8253.1° pom>438 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 716: ME Board April 1997 Evaluate the value of V=10 x V-7 . Ai B. -¥70 c. V70 Db. Vi7 Problem 717: EE Board April 1996 Simplify (3 -i)’-7(8-i) + 10 -@+i) 3+i 3-1 -@G-) Problem 718: EE Board April 1996 IfA= 40 eB = 202- 40°, C = 26.46 + 0, solve for A +B +C. pom> 27.7245" 35.1.245° 30.8245" 33.4245" com> Problem 719: EE Board October 1997 What is 4i cube times 2i square? -8i Bi 3 -8i gop> Problem 720: EE Board April 1997 ‘What is the simplified complex expression of (4.33 + j2.5) square? 12.5 + j21.65 20 + j20 15 +)20 21.65 + 12.5 gom> Problem 721: ECE Board November 1998 Find the value of (1+i)® , where i is an imaginary number. 1-1 A B. ~4(1+i) C141Advanced Engineering Math 439 D. 4+) Problem 722: EE Board October 1997 Find the principal 5" root of [ 50(cos 150° + jsin 150°) }. 4.94+j14 3.26 -j2.1 2.87 +j2.1 2.25 -j1.2 g09> Problem 723: ECE Board April 1999 What is the quotient when 4 + 8 is divided byi® 2 al 8+4i 8 +4i 8-4 com> Problem 724: EE Board October 1997 IfA = -2-3i, and B = 3 + 4i, whatis ae 18-1 25 B. -18-i 25 -18 +i 25 18+i 25 Problem 725: EE Board October 1997 443i Rationalize 142i 114101 5 542i > 242i440 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 726: EE Board October 1997 Simpify 2+506=), 3-2)? a 22i-98 169 21+52i B. 13 -7+47i o 8 =90+2201 pee 169 Problem 727: EE Board April 1996 What is the simplified expression of the complex number. 8 es 2 A. -0.32+) 0.66 B. 1.12-j0.66 C. 0.32-j0.66 D. -1.75+) 1.03 Problem 728: EE Board April 1997 Perform the operation: 4 (cos 60° + i sin 60°) divided by 2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°) in rectangular coordinates. ‘square root of 3 — 2i square root of 3 —i square root of 3 +i square root of 3 + 2i pom> Problem 729: EE Board June 1990 50+ (35 +5 Find the quotient of 6.4723" AAT LE 7.47230° 2.47253° gom> Problem 730: EE Board March 1998 Three vectors A, B and C are related as follows: fu2 at 180°, A+C=-5+ 315, C = conjugate of B. Find A. A. 5-j5Advanced Engineering Math 441 B. -10+j10 c. 10-j10 D. 15+)15 Problem 731: EE Board April 1999 Evaluate cosh (iz). 0.707 1.41 + j0.866 0.5 + 0.707 j0.707 pop Problem 732: EE Board April 1999 Evaluate tanh Gy i: A. 05 +i1.732 B. 0.866 Cc. jt.732 D. 0.5 + 0.866 Problem 733: EE Board April 1999 Evaluate In (2 + j3). 1.34 + j0.32 2.54 + j0.866 2.23 +}0.21 1.28 +} 0.98 pop> Problem 734: EE Board October 1997 Evaluate the terms of a Fourier series 2 e!" +2 e7™att=1 2+) 2 4 2+j2 gom> Problem 735: EE Board March 1998 Given the following series: sinx= What relation can you draw from these series?442, 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas cosx+sinx cosx +isinx sx-+ sinx x po —> 2 ie* =icosx +isinx Problem 736: EE Board October 1997 eu term of a Fourier series in cosine form is 10 cos 40nt. Write it in exponential A. 6 elfOxt B. 5 eMOrts Se Moat Cc. 10 eH D. 10 eM Propiem 737: EE Board April 1997 Evaluate the determinant: eae ee 2 128 at 4 pomp cans Problem 738: ECE Board November 1991 Evaluate the determinant: 160 4252 053 110 101 101 140 gomw> Problem 739: EE Board April 1997 Evaluate the determinant. at 126. a1 +3 A. se B33 3-4 -3 -4Advanced Engineering Math 443 489 389 326 452 pom> Problem 740: CE Board November 1996 Compute the value of x by determinant. 4423 20 O23 0-21 145-2 34°75 A 32 B. -28 Gc. 16 D. 52 Problem 741: EE Board April 1997 Given the equations: x+y+z=2 3x-y-22=4 5x 2y+32=-7 Solve for y by determinants, -2 3 0 com> Problem 742: EE Board April 1997 Solve the equations by Cramer's Rule: 2x-y+3z=-3 3x +3y—z= 10 oX-y +254 @,1,-1) 2,-1,-1) (1, 2,-1) 4,2, 1) gom> Problem 743: EE Board October 1997 Bose IfA=|-1 2 4 |, whatis the cofactor of the second row, third column 0-697. element?444. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas [2 A i Problem 744: EE Board October 1997 Siete if A=|-2 -1 0 |, whatis the cofactor with the first row, second column o 2-1 element? -2 | b. 4 Problem 745: EE Board October 1997 If 3x3 matrix and its inverse are multiplied together, write the product. 1 0 O A p19 joo 4 jo o B. jo 0 jo o joo 4 cj 4 HoAdvanced Engineering Math 445 9 Problem 746: EE Board April 1996 1-1 2 x x tom 1 3 |is muttiplied by | y |is equal to zero, then matrix |-y |is o-11 z z gom> bere Problem 747: CE Board November 1997 Given the matrix equation, solve for x and y. Ls able] =4,-2 -4,-6 gom> Problem 748: EE Board April 1996 If matrix [ J | is multiplied by [i] is equal to zero, then matrix P| is pop> o,te Problem 749: EE Board October 1997 5 1 0 O| fA =|6 7 3| andB=( 1 O|, whatisA times B equal to? H 2 5) o4446. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas lo 0 o| B. fo 7 | 1 0 | 6 7 O| c. fs 9 4 2 3 5] 4 5 D. 7 nee Problem 750: EE Board April 1997 ‘ a2} 1 2 Mati | 1 + 2 Mati | 4 |-2 4 A. Matrix 2 | 1 2 B. Matrix 4 | a. cae]? 2 D. Matrix e A eG; Problem 751: CE Board May 1996 pe afte Elements of matic =|) A 1 Find the elements of the product of the two matrices, matrix BC. 1 8 fe i a 1 8 e ie ‘| -10 9 = i a Elements of matrix C = [i ‘‘Advanced Engineering Math 447 fate -20 -4 Problem 752: EE Board October 1997 ae Transpose the matrix|-2 -1 0 Oo 2-1 Bees) A. oO -1 -2 2 1 3 3-2 0 B. 1-1 2 2 Oo -1 ae Ae Cellet te ef 26420 {oer D. -1 .-2 0 2 2 ak Problem 753: Determine the inverse matrix of G 3) - “(2 4) 9 p no mi Problem 754: EE Board April 1997 k divided by [ (s square) + (k square) | is the inverse laplace transform of: cos kt sin kt (e exponent kt) opp448 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas D. 10 Problem 755: EE Board April 1996, EE Board April 1997 The laplace transform of cos wt is s/[ (s square) + (w square) ] w/[(s square) + (w square) ] wi(s+w) s/(s+w) pop> Problem 756: EE Board April 1997 Find the laplace transform of [ 2s +1) ]~[ 4/(s + 3) ]. A. [2e(exp-t)—4e( exp -3t)] B. [e(exp-2t)+ e( exp~3t)] C. [e(exp-2t)-e( exp — 3t)] D. [2 e(exp-t) If 1-2 e( exp -3t)] Problem 757: EE Board March 1998 200 Determine the inverse laplace transform of |(s) =—————____ s? -§0s + 10625 ‘ \(s) = 2e°** sin100t I(s) = 2te™?" sin100t I(s) = 2e-*5t cos 100 \(s) = 2te™5* cos 100t poOp> Problem 758: EE Board April 1997 The inverse laplace transform of s /[ (s square) + (w square) ] is sin wt w (e exponent wt ) cos wt pomp Problem 759: 28-18 +9 Find the inverse laplace transform of as a function of x. 2 cos x- sin 3x 2 cos 3x6 sin 3x 3 cos 2x~2 sin 6x 6 cos x-3 sin 2x gom>Advanced Engineering Math 449 Problem 760: Determine the inverse laplace transform of 4s? 8s ANSWER KEY 711. 724.B 737.C 750.D 712.A 725.A 738.B 751.4 713.6 726.C 739.C 752.B 714.8 727.B 740.B 753.A RATING: 715.C 728.C 741.C 754.B 716.B 729.A 742.C 755.A LJ ua-so Topnotcher 717.D 730.B 743.B 756.A 718.C 731.A 744.D 757.A [_} 30-42 Passer 719.B 732.C 745.A 758.D Ter 720.8 733.0 748.C 759.B [_] 25-25 conditionai 721.B 734.C 747.A 760.A * 722.A 735.B 748.D CI O-24 Failed 723.C 736.8 749.D If FAILED, repeat the test.450 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas SOLUTIONS TO TEST 17 If the exponent of "i" is exactly divisible by 4, then the simplified equivalent of the imaginary number is equal to 1. . Since 20 is exactly divisible by 4 1, since 28 is exactly divisible by 4 MAES Note: iGt = 1, since 424 is exactly divisible by 4 i i i since 16 is exactly divisible by 4 wig i? C)+G1)=2i-1 Let: r= absolute value of the complex no. (a + bi) r= ya? +b? Substitute: r= JQP +(4P =5 EAE The polar form of the complex number, “a + jb” is given by: where: r=Va?+b? and o=tan® =120Advanced Engineering Math 451 Substitute: r= V3? +4? =5 4 @= tan” = =53.1° nt = 53 Thus, the complex number is 5 253.1° v=10= 40 v-1 =V10i V7 =V7 4 =V7i St Substitute: Y=10 xV°7 = \Vi0i)\V7 i)= 70? = V70 (1) =-V70 AIG (3-1)°-7(3-i +11 -6i+?-21+71+10 ~Gi+(-1)—21+ 71+ 10=-3+i @-i) ai 20 + j 34.64 + 15.32 —j 12.855 + 26.46 1.78 + j 21.785 tas (47) QP) = (4)(- (2) (4) = Bi (4.33 + j2.5)? = (4.33)? + 2(4.33)(2.5) + (2.5)°/° = 18. 749 + 21.65 + 6.25(-1) = 12.6 + 521.65 Note: (r20)" =r"Zno ¢ 1 +i = 1.4142 245° (1+ 9° = (1.4142 245°)” = (1.4142)° 25(45%) = 5.656 2225° 4(t +i) MEZA 50 (cos 150° + j sin 150°) = 502150" §502150° = (60)""5 150°(1/5) = 2.186730" 1.893 + j 1.093 O+ itd452 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas on 4+8) | Since? Fi Rationalizing: Multiply the denominator with its conjugate. ‘ 2 -22,()) A+8? 4+ 8) og a = 7) 724. Rationalizing: =2-31 | 3-4i _ -6+8i-91+ 127" _ ~6+8i 9- 121412116 | 9-12+ 121-161) PE 443 ee Rationalizing: aAtSI 2 +i 844i +6437 _ 8+ 41+61+3(-1) _ 5 +101 = +21 Rationalizing: B38 (8) 65 + 1561+ 65i + 1567 5+12i) 25+ 60i-60i- 144i? = 65+ 1561+ 651+ 156(-1) _ -914224 13 _-7+171 =44-)—169—=C 13D LET 8212.5 _6.5222.619° _| 32-30.5° =1.12~ 0.66 5253.13° EZEY 4100580" tisin6o) 4260?» a, 2(c0830°+isin30°) 2230° =1.732+i= /3 +i PEE 50+ 135 _ 61.03235° 5 475. 8+j5 9.43232"Advanced Engineering Math 453 ED) S2cter= 2, thus A=-2B Let B=a+jb;C=a-jb A+C=-5+)15 =2B+C=-5+)15 = 2(a + jb) + (a—jp) =-5 +j15 ~2a=j2b+a-jp=-5+j15 +a-jSb=-5+)15 Thus, A = -2(5~j6) =-10 +) 10 aes ie : Note: e+e"! =2c0s0 1 Euler’s equation + cosh(j) 180° Sx |= 1.4142 oT) 232. stant e*+e* Note: e” +e°® = 2cos0 mee } Euler's equations = 1.732 Thus, conti) Convert (2 +3) to polar form, then to exponential form: 03" 24)8=36266.3°=36e" 180° = 3.60%454. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Let: x= In (2 + j3) x=InB.6e) ~in3.6+ine% x= 1.28 +) 0.98 ~ Let:x=2el! 42910 ‘Substitute: t = 4 x= 2 elOH) 4 2 erOnl x=2(!% 4 eis) Note: e” +e" =2cos@ ra” Euler's equation ee tons) -4 REG Lot: x- ix pe Lon? Go? 0" | (o0® thee Thus, e* = cos x + i sin x e+e =2c088 mr Euler’s equation 0 er? cong = 2 +8 Beltmt 4 ger Hont Ort, @-H40xt 10 cos(40nt) = foe W258 |e, MG =|-2 -1 -2|-2 -4 3 1 4/34 = [(N)-1)(4) + 2)(-2)(3) + (8)-2)(1) — (3)(-1)(3) = (1)2)(1) — (4)(-2)2)) -4-12-6+94+2+16 D=5EE cn Advanced Engineering Math 455 160|1 6 =|42 7/4 2 05 3|0 5 De [(1)(2)(B) + (@)(7)(O) + (0)(4)(5) — (0)(2)(0) — (8)(7)(1) - (3)(4)(6)] +0+0-0-35-72 Re Mh 3iA 5-8 7-2 27-3 3-4 -3 -4 Using Pivotal element method: (Use the second row, first column element as the pivot number). 14-25) 3-2-1) 1-2(3) D=(1)|-2-45) 2-4-1) -3- 18) (-1)?""7 4-36) -3-3(-1) -4-3(3) 45 -5|4 5 D=(1)|-7 3 -6|-7 3 L19 0 -13|-19 0 D = (-4) (64)(3)(-13) + ()B)(-19) + (-5)-7)(0) — -19)(3)-5) = (O)(-6)(4) ~ -13)(-7)5)] = (-1) [186 + 70 + 0 - 285 + 0 - 455] = (-1)(-326) D=326 4uesli-2 58S sie te S]40 3.5.0.4 142 24-5 Multiply column 4 by ~2 and add it to column 1: 3(-2)+45-2 1¢2)+2=0 1¢2)+10=8 5(-2)+14=4 Multiply column 4 pred and add it to column 3: 3¢2)+2=-4 162) +2 1(-2)+0=-2456 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas §(-2)+4=-6 The new matrix becomes, -4 3 : -2 -4 -4 x= : oy ; x=(1)} 8 352 K-94 Ag -8 8 Saas =1 ~4|-2 -1 3 -2| 8 3 2-6| 4 2 (-2)(3)(-8) + (-1)(-2)(4) + -4)(8)(2) — (4)(B)-4) = (2)(-2)(-2) — (-8)(8)(-41)) 98 + 86d + 488 48) 28 LOG xt+y+z=2 3x-y-22=4 5x-2y + 328-7 By Cramer's rule; y Ae Nset 3 -1 -2/3 -1 6-2 3)e 2 D= [(1)€-1)(8) + (1)-2)(5) + (1)(8)-2) - ()-1)(1) — (2)62)1)- B)B)AN] 3-10-6+5-4-9) $e 27 ae: HT = 2 Dy=|3 4 -2/3 4 S27) Slee | = Dy = ((1)(4)(3) + (2)(-2)(5) + (1)(8)-7) — (6)(4)(4) = 67)62)(4)- (8)(3)(2)1 = [12-20-21 -20-14- 18) Dy=-81 Dy “als =2 oh ¥ ys3Advanced Engineering Math 457 26 8 [eek Sst s9. 10-40 14-1 -4 D = [(2)(3)(1) + C1)-1)-1) + (3)(3)1) - C1) )(3), = NEN) - (NBIC D=[6-1-9+9-2+3]=6 -3 +4 3/-3 -1 Dx=| 10 3 -1/10 3 4 4° 4|-4 -4 Dx = [(-3)(3)(1) + -1)-1)(-4) + (8)(10)(-1) — (-4)(3)(3) = CNENES) = (1)(10)-1)] Dx=[9-4-30+36+3+10}=6 x 2-3 3|.2 -3 Dy=| 3 10 -1} 3 10 1-4 -1 +4 Dy = [(2)(10)(1) + 3)-1)-1) + (3)(8)-4) = CAEN) - NBC) Dy=[20-3-36+30 -8+9]=12 -1)(10)(3) 2A -3| 2 Dz-1 3-3 40] 3° 3 <1 -1 -4]-1-1 Dz = [(2)(3)(-4) + -1)(10)-1) + -3)(3)C1) = -1))C3) = €1)(10)(2) - (-4)(3)-1)) Dz=[-24+10+9-9+20-12]=-6 Dz _-6_ 4 Zao D6 Thus, the answer is (1, 2-1).458 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 234 EM a. 12 ost Let: x = cofactor matrix of A LEH A=|-2 -1 0 o 2-1 Let: x = cofactor matrix of A Of ws 0 ea [eed -4 a x3 matrix = inverse of matrix A AA) =A a = 1 (unity or identity matrix) Note: A unity matrix is a matrix whose elements in the main diagonal are all number 1 100 Unity matrix=|0 4 0 oo1 4-1 2][x ee 2 1 3iiyi=o 0-1 1JLz By inspection, since the resulting product is zero then, x= y =z = 0. mm [2 lel-(s] 100) + Ty) =2 -y w@ 30%) + 2) = Substitute (1) in (2):Advanced Engineering Math 459 x=2-6 [+E By inspection, since the resulting product is zero, x = y = 0. EGER Since matrix B is a unity matrix, then A x B is equal to matrix A. 450 100 460 6 7 3\x oo a Pe “1 EM |? sje | [3 #8 $}-[B23q) Bro] =[ 8 -20 -5 Note: The transpose of a given matrix is formed by interchanging the rows and columns. sot 2 3-2 0 Asl-2 <1 0] Avanguso =|1 <1 2 0 2-1 Ft. KEEN Solving the determinant of the given matrix: 15 29 =10=-1 b Note: For a 2x2 matrix, say, matrix A | . ‘ . its inverse is given by: -b a 9 -5| ie 5 I-[2 21 ikem sin kt= } Formula only460 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas cos wie | Formula +w? Note: e-# = | Formula Helge 2 ee Thus, 2et-4e% «2 4 = k PETA Note: © sinkt = __ } Gatun | Formula eS ee -50s+10625 | (s + 25)? + (100)' eS 759. 2s~18 s?+9 Thus, = 2cos 3x -6sin 3x LEZ By completing the square of the denominator: 43? -85 = 4s? - 28) =4ls?-25+1)-4 = 4(s— 47 -4| wa P| k Note: e* sinh kt Gaga? f Formula 1 Tt Thus, —"— =e! sinnt 487-85 4