Name: _____________________________ Cr.

/Time: ____________________ Score: _______

Disorders Involving Gender and Sexuality

1. Sex is ______.
a. a natural function
b. a function that does not exist in some cultures
c. a human function that occurs between the ages of 13 and 35
d. easy to define when it comes to what is normal and what is abnormal

2. Gender roles may be defined as _________________.

a. one’s genetic sex c. one’s psychological sense of being male or female
b. one’s sexual organs d.societal expectations of behaviors appropriate for men and women

3. In ______, there is a conflict between one's anatomic sex and one's gender identity.
a.a gay or lesbian sexual orientation c.transvestic fetishism
b.a bisexual sexual orientation d.gender dysphoria

4. Timmy is a nine-year-old boy who thinks that he should have been born a girl and who likes to wear girls’
clothes and play with dolls. He gets teased and criticized a great deal. Which statement is most likely to fit
Timmy’s situation?
a. He does not have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder and probably never will.
b. He does not have a current diagnosable psychiatric disorder but it will be diagnosed if hecontinues
this behavior past the age of 12.
c. He could currently be diagnosed with gender dysphoria.
d. He would be diagnosed with a childhood adjustment disorder if a teacher recognizes that he is
unhappy in school

5. __________ is a psychosocial concept distinguishing maleness from femaleness.

a. Gender b. sex c. Homosexuality d. tomboy

6. People with a __________have the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing
thesexual organs of the other.
a. transgender identity
b. homosexuality
c. transvestite identity
d. sex organ differentiation

7. The term ____refers to the biological division between males and females of a species.
a. gender
b. homosexuality
c. heterosexuality
d. sex

8. In transgendered individuals, gender dysphoria is ___________.

a. always present
b. not always present
c. a co-occurring feature for males but not for females
d. a co-occurring feature for females but not for males

9. Which of the following is a key feature of gender dysphoria in childhood?

a. Feelings of acceptance of one’s sexual anatomy
b. Trying to fit in by wearing the clothing of the same sex
c. Trying to fit in by playing with the toys of the same sex
d. Strong desire to have the physical characteristics associated with one’s experienced gender

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 10. Gender dysphoria often begins during which period of the lifespan?
a. Childhood
b. Immediately after birth
c. Early 20’s
d. Early 30's

11. The term gender identity disorder was replaced in DSM-5 with which of the following new diagnosticterm?
a. Gender dysphoria
b. Multiple gender disorder
c. Transvestism
d. Multiple personality disorder

12. The textbook suggests ______ give us reason to question the validity of conceptualizing a transgender
identity as a type of psychological disorder.
a. cultural variations in gender roles and identities
b. biological similarities between males and females
c. the increase in rates of homosexuality
d. the decrease of male birth rates in the human species

13. Your text suggests that the distress that transgendered persons experience is not a direct consequence of
inner conflicts over their sexual orientation, but is_________________________.
a. acknowledging the difficult and evitable surgical transition
b. coming to terms with not being able to biologically reproduce
c. an understandable response to the negative treatment they receive from others
d. adjusting to the loss of cultural privileges associated with their former sex

14. Transgendered individuals who have undergone sexual reassignment are often referred to as ________.
a. gender role transitioners
b. transindentifiers
c. transsexuals
d. reassigned transformers

15. Research on the postoperative adjustment of those who obtain sexual reassignment surgery finds ______.
a. in general, neither male-to-female nor female-to-male transitioners have successful postoperative
adjustment
b. male-to-female transitions tend to have more favorable postoperative adjustment than female-to-
male transitions
c. female-to-male tend to have more favorable postoperative adjustment than male-to-female
d. both male-to-female and female-to-male transitioners have equally high rates of successful
postoperative adjustment

16. In explaining gender identity disorder in males, one factor that both psychodynamic and learning theorists
cite is ______.
a. maternal hostility c. maternal absence
b. paternal hostility d. paternal absence

17. Claude, who was formerly Claudia, probably began developing his gender identity disorder ______.
a. in very early childhood c. during latency
b. around the Oedipal period d. at the onset of puberty

18. Currently, researchers suspect that gender identity disorders develop as a result of the interaction between
the developing brain and the release of ______ during prenatal development.
a.virulent antibodies c.male sex hormones
b.stress hormones d.prostaglandins

19. Disorders that are characterized by problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response are classified as

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 _______.
a.sexual dysfunctions c.performance disorders
b.paraphilias d.response-cycle disorders

20. Sexual dysfunctions are ______, and ______ people seek treatment for these problems.
a. rare; few c.rare; most
b. widespread; few d.widespread; most

21. Sexual dysfunctions that occur in some situations but not in others are labeled ______dysfunctions.
a.acquired c. lifelong
b.situational d. generalized

22. Sexual dysfunctions that occur in all situations and at all times are labeled ______ dysfunctions.
a.acquired c. lifelong
b.situational d. generalized

23. Dave has difficulty getting an erection with his current girlfriend but has had no difficulty with sexual
performance with other females. His sexual dysfunction is ______.
a. acquired c. situational
b. lifelong d. generalized

24. Phil used to have normal sexual desire, but since his divorce his desire has diminished to the point of being
nonexistent. His sexual dysfunction is ______.
a. acquired c. situational
b. lifelong d. undifferentiated

25. Dave struggles with difficulty achieving orgasm every time he engages in any sexual form of sexual
activity. His sexual dysfunction is ______.
a. acquired c. situational
b. undifferentiated d. generalized

26. Women are ______ likely when compared to men to experience problems with a deficiency or lack
ofsexual interest or drive.
a. less c. more
b. equally d. never

27. According to prevalence rates derived from Lewis et al. (2010) the rate for Female Sexual
Interest/ArousalDisorder is reported to be about ______ percent for women.
a. 2-12 c. 65-80
b. 80-90 d. 10-55

28. According to prevalence rates derived from Lewis et al. (2010)the rate for Male Hypoactive Sexual
DesireDisorder is reported to be about ______ percent for men.
a.2-5 c.25-40
b.8-25 d.50-60

29. Men with ________persistently have little, if any, desire for sexual activity or may lack sexual orerotic
thoughts or fantasies.
a. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
b. gender dysphoria
c. gender identity disorder
d. erectile disorder

30. Women with ____________have reduced levels of sexual interest or drive as well as absent or

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 reducedsexual arousal during sexual activity.
a. female sexual interest/arousal disorder
b. erectile disorder
c. female orgasmic disorder
d. transgender disorder

31. Women with female sexual interest/arousal disorder may also have few if any _______during
sexualactivity.
a. reproductive capability
b. genital sensations
c. visual capabilities
d. motor function

32. About ______ percent of males between the ages of 40 and 70 report erectile disorder.
a.1 c. 50
b.10 d. 80

33. The diagnosis for erectile disorder requires the problem be present for a period of about ___months or
longer and that it occurs on or about _____ percent of occasions of sexual activity.
a.1; 25 c.6; 75
b.2; 50 d.12; 75

34. The risk of developing erectile disorder________.

a. varies little across adult male age groups
b. increases through middle age and levels off
c. decreases with age
d. increases with age

35. In ___________there is a marked delay in reaching orgasm in women or an infrequency or absence of

orgasm following a normal level of sexual interest and arousal and without the person desiring a delay.
a. female orgasmic disorder
b. transgender disorder
c. delayed ejaculation
d. erectile disorder

36. In men, which of the following is a marked delay in reaching orgasm in men or an infrequency or absence
of orgasm following a normal level of sexual interest and arousal and without the person desiring a delay?
a. Premature ejaculation
b. Dysphoria disorder
c. Delayed ejaculation
d. Erectile disorder

37. Men with delayed ejaculation are generally ___________but have difficulty________________.
a. able to ejaculate through masturbation; achieving ejaculation during intercourse with a partner
b. able to achieve ejaculation during intercourse with a partner; unable to achieve ejaculation through
masturbation
c. to have an orgasm; producing ejaculate
d. able to ejaculate; gaining an initial erection

38. The most commonly reported form of sexual dysfunction in men is ______.
a.hypoactive sexual desire disorder c. genitor-pelvic pain
b.premature ejaculation d.vaginismus

39. In females, reduced levels of sexual interest and drive as well as reduced sexual arousal during

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 sexualactivity are known as ______ disorders.
a.female sexual interest/arousal disorder c. orgasm
b.unorthodox sexual desire d. sexual pain

40. A sexual dysfunction in which men have a persistent lack of sexual desire or recurrent lack of
sexualinterest or sexual fantasies is ______.
a. sexual aversion disorder c. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
b. sexual apathy disorder d. frigidity

41. Amber has never developed any interest in sex. She does not experience sexual fantasies. Her boyfriend
cannot understand her attitude, and he is becoming frustrated by it. When he and Amber consult with a
psychologist about the issue, Amber is likely to be diagnosed as having the DSM-5 diagnosis of ______.
a. sexual aversion disorder c. female sexual interest/arousal disorder
b. sexual apathy disorder d. frigidity

42. Rich has no interest in sex at all. He has no sexual fantasies and no desire to engage in sexual activity.
While he does not find sex disgusting or revolting, he does not understand what others find so exciting
about it. He feels just fine remaining celibate. If these issues begin to cause Rich distress or interfere
withhis relationships, he may be diagnosed with _______.
a.dyspareunia c.male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
b.sexual aversion disorder d.male erectile disorder

43. In order to be assigned a diagnosis of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, the afflicted

woman_________.
a. has never experienced an orgasm
b. has a physical anomaly that is contributing to the pain she experiences
c. has no medical explanation for her pain, thus the condition is determined to be psychological
d. is not sexually attracted to her partner

44. Which statement about disorders of interest and arousal is true?

a. Women with the disorder experience a more active sex life.
b. In men, sexual interest or arousal disorder is very rare.
c. Clinicians agree on criteria for determining the level of sexual desire considered “normal.”
d. For men, occasional problems in achieving or maintaining erection are common due to fatigue,
alcohol, and anxiety with a new partner.

45. In men, a sexual dysfunction characterized by an inability to achieve or maintain the

physiologicalresponses involved in sexual arousal or excitement is known as ______ disorder.
a.erectile c.male orgasm
b.gender desire d.sexual pain

46. Maria does not fantasize about sex and has a lack of sexual desire, when she and her husband attempt to
have intercourse. This has been a persistent problem for several months now. Her disorder is ______.
a. dyspareunia c.female orgasmic disorder
b. vaginismus d.female sexual interest/arousal disorder

47. Josh can achieve orgasm through masturbation, but even though he is thoroughly aroused by his girlfriend
he is unable to reach orgasm through intercourse with her. His sexual dysfunction is ______.
a. male erectile disorder c.delayed ejaculation
b. dyspareunia d. male sexual desire disorder

48. The most common form of sexual dysfunction in men is ______.

a.sexual erectile disorder c.male orgasmic disorder
b.dyspareunia d.premature ejaculation

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49. Which of the following disorders applies to women who experience sexual pain and/or difficulty
engagingin vaginal intercourse or penetration?
a. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
b. Intercourse aversion disorder
c. Orgasmic disorder
d. Gender identity disorder

50. Persistent or recurrent pain experienced during or following sexual intercourse is ______.
a.hyperactive sexual response c. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
b.hypoactive sexual response d. the phi phenomenon

51. Janet has always enjoyed sex, but lately, every time she has intercourse she feels sharp pains. It has
rapidlytaken the enjoyment out of her sexual activity. Her disorder is ______.
a. female orgasmic disorder c. sexual aversion disorder
b.hypoactive sexual desire disorder d. genito-pelvic pain/ penetration disorder

52. The involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina when vaginal penetration isattempted,
making sexual intercourse difficult or impossible, is known as ______.
a. vaginismus c. the phi phenomenon
b. dyspareunia d. congenital infarction

53. Over the last several months, every time Lucia has attempted sexual intercourse she has experienced
spasms of the muscles surrounding her vagina, making intercourse painful or impossible. Her disorder is _.
a.dyspareunia c.female sexual arousal disorder
b.vaginismus d.sexual aversion disorder

54. The major contemporary _______views of sexual dysfunctions emphasize the roles of anxiety, lack
ofsexual skills, irrational beliefs, perceived causes of events, and relationship problems.
a. psychological perspectives
b. biological perspective
c. social perspective
d. cultural perspective

55. According to the text, conditioned anxiety resulting from ________may lead to problems with
sexualarousal or achieving orgasm or lead to pain in women during penetration.
a. a history of sexual trauma or rape
b. not enough protein in the diet
c. excessive caffeine use
d. excessive sexual activity

56. As cited in the textbook, Rajkumar and Kumaran (2015) found other psychological problems,
suchas__________, can also result in sexual dysfunctions involving impaired sexual interest, arousal, or
response.
a. depression and anxiety
b. learning disabilities
c. bipolar disorder
d. schizophrenia

57. People who have an excessive concern about the ability to perform successfully during sexual activity
areoften troubled by ______.
a. performance anxiety c. hypoactive sexual desire
b. castration anxiety d. sexual pain disorders

58. A man who worries, “what will she think of my ability to satisfy her,” may be suffering from ______.
a. hypoactive sexual desire c. performance anxiety
b. castration anxiety d. body dysmorphic disorder

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59. When people with performance anxiety are engaged in sex, they are unable to focus on ______.
a. their bodies c. pleasing their partners
b. their erotic experiences d. the results of their sexual functioning

60. The erectile reflex is controlled by the ______ branch of the autonomic nervous system.
a. sympathetic c. voluntary
b. parasympathetic d. involuntary

61. Ejaculation is controlled by the ______ branch of the autonomic nervous system.
a. sympathetic c. voluntary
b. parasympathetic d. involuntary

62. The male sex hormone testosterone is ______ in energizing sexual desire in males and is ______ in
energizing sexual desire in females
a. not important; not important c. important; not important
b. not important; important d. important; important
63. Most men and women with sexual dysfunctions have ______.
a. had vasectomies or hysterectomies
b. abnormally low levels of sex hormones
c. normal levels of sex hormones
d. abnormally high levels of sex hormones

64. Erectile disorders are commonly found in men with which of the following conditions?
a. Allergies c. Cardiovascular disorders
b. Psoriasis d. Gastric ulcer

65. A disease that can damage nerves that serve the penis, thus causing erectile disorder is ______.
a. arthritis c. diabetes
b. osteoporosis d. tuberculosis

66. Erectile disorder and delayed ejaculation can also result from a disease in which nerve cells lose
theprotective coating that facilitates transmission of neural messages. This disease is known as ______.
a. muscular dystrophy c. Turner’s syndrome
b. Huntington’s chorea d. multiple sclerosis

67. Eric Rimm’s (2000) study found erectile dysfunction to be linked to which of the following?
a. Having a large waist c. A vitamin B deficiency
b. Excessive, overly strenuous exercise d. Eating fast food

68. Men with erectile disorder are more than _______ to have diabetes compared to males without
erectiledysfunction.
a. three times as likely
b. four times as likely
c. twice as likely
d. five times as likely

69. The Massachusetts Male Aging Study suggests that ______ may reduce the risk of erectile dysfunction.
a. three alcoholic drinks per day c. regular exercise
b. 600 mg. daily of calcium d. daily meditation

70. Use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants such as ______can cause impaired
orgasmic response or complete lack of orgasm.
a. Zoloft or Paxil
b. Tylenol
c. Xanax
d. Morphine

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71. A psychiatric medication that can cause orgasmic disorder in either men or women is ______.
a. Adderall c. Buspar
b. Lithium d. Xanax

72. Medication which is used to treat ______ can contribute to erectile difficulties.
a. acne c. thyroid problems
b. high blood pressure d. glaucoma

73. Medication which is used to treat ______ can contribute to sexual dysfunction.
a. psychological disorders c. indigestion
b. arthritis d. headaches

74. What is the common thread in alcohol, heroin, and morphine that reduces sexual desire and impairs sexual
arousal?
a. They are central nervous system depressants.
b. Addicts prefer to use these drugs alone rather than in the company of another person.
c. Users are ashamed of the physical side effects of these drugs and will not allow another person to
become intimate with them.
d. They regularly lead to premature ejaculation.

75. In Hispanic culture, the marianismo stereotype is linked in the text to ______.
a.male sexual impotence c.female prostitution
b.premature ejaculation d.female sexual dysfunction

76. According to the ______perspective, our negative beliefs about sexuality may interfere withsexual desire
and function.
a. sociocultural
b. biological
c. physiological
d. evolutionary

77. Psychoanalytic therapists have approached sexual dysfunctions ______.

a. by emphasizing penis envy
b. through direct treatment of performance anxiety
c. indirectly, assuming they represented underlying conflicts
d. with the assessment of genetic influences

78. Most contemporary sex therapists assume that sexual dysfunctions ______.
a. can be treated by directly modifying the couple's sexual interactions
b. must be treated indirectly by resolving the underlying emotional conflicts which led to the
dysfunction
c. require some type of biochemical intervention to resolve the problem
d. are a normal result of our nation's emphasis on sexuality and must be accepted as part of the price
we pay for being so sexually oriented

79. Sex therapy typically uses ______ techniques in a brief therapy format.
a.psychodynamic c.Gestalt
b.cognitive-behavioral d.humanistic

80. In the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, over the past 25 years there has developed a greater
emphasis on the role of _____ factors and a ______ use of medical and surgical treatments.
a.psychological ; lesser c.psychological ; greater
b.biological; lesser d.biological; greater

81. Treatment for low sexual desire might include all but which one of the following?

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 a. Insight-oriented therapy
b. Self-stimulation exercises
c. Stop-and-go technique
d. Testosterone replacement, if indicated

82. Researchers have found that testosterone ______.

a. is actually not very important in the sexual interest or functioning of men and women
b. plays a key role in the sexual interest and functioning of men but not women
c. plays a key role in the sexual interest and functioning of women but not men
d. plays a key role in the sexual interest and functioning of both men and women

83. Treatment with ______ shows promise in heightening sexual desire for both women and men.
a. gradated pornographic videos c. progesterone
b. partner applied vibrators d. testosterone

84. For men with erectile problems and women with vaginal lubrication difficulties with psychological causes,
the first thing they have to do is ______.
a.relax c.learn new techniques
b.view erotica more often d.bear down and try harder

85. As part of their sex therapy, Mike and Trudy are asked to massage, or pleasure, each other for
extended periods of time without touching each other's genitals. This technique is called______.
a.relaxation training c.sensate focus exercising
b.covert sensitization d.self-spectatoring

86. Women with orgasmic disorder often harbor beliefs that ______.
a. sex is dirty and sinful
b. that one should never lose control of oneself
c. sex is a weapon to be used to manipulate men
d. masturbation is the only appropriate sexual outlet for women unless one is attempting to conceive
children

87. To treat female orgasmic dysfunction, Masters and Johnson used all of the following techniques except _.
a. sensate focus c. testosterone
b. masturbation d. communication enhancement

88. In females, directed masturbation has been used to successfully treat female orgasmic dysfunction in about
______ percent of cases.
a.10-30 c. 50-70
b.30-50 d. 70-90

89. The standard treatment for delayed ejaculation disorder focuses on increasing_______and reducing
_________.
a. sexual stimulation; performance anxiety
b. monogamy; promiscuity
c. attention; distraction
d. testosterone levels; estrogen levels

90. The most widely used behavioral approach for treating premature ejaculation is ______.
a.the sensate focus exercise c.the stop-and-go technique
b.hypnosis d.covert desensitization

91. In treating premature ejaculation, the stop-and-go technique has shown ______ success ratesand ______
relapse rates.
a.low; low c.high; low
b.low; high d.high;high

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92. Vaginismus represents ______.
a. psychologically based fear of penetration
b. psychologically based fear of abandonment
c. a physical (medical) disorder of the genital muscles
d. psychologically based fear of adulthood and adult sexuality

93. Women with vaginismus often have histories of ______.

a. restrictive, morally constrained upbringing
b. rape or sexual abuse
c. being overly sheltered from knowledge of sex and sexuality
d. being abandoned or left alone

94. Treatment for vaginismus often includes the technique of ______.

a.negative reinforcement c. response cost
b. aversive conditioning d. gradual exposure

95. Drugs such as Viagra and Cialis are used to ______.

a. induce orgasms c. induce erections
b. delay orgasms d. increase desir
96. Investigators are exploring biomedical therapies for female sexual dysfunctions, including use of
erectiledysfunction (ED) drugs such as _____.
a. Valium
b. Flomax
c. Viagra
d. Xanax

97. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors can help men with ______.

a. Erectile dysfunction c. Sexual aversion
b. Premature ejaculation d. voyeurism

98. Someone who shows sexual arousal in response to stimuli involving nonhuman objects,inappropriate or
nonconsenting partners, or painful or humiliating situations is sufferingfrom ______.
a.paraphilia c.gender identity disorder
b.sexual dysfunction d. sexual orientation disorder

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