Outline

CONTROL STATEMENT
Introduction

types of control statement

Selection statement : if , switch

Iterative/looping statement: while, do-while, for

Unconditional jump statement: break, continue..

References

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 Introduction

 The statement that control the execution sequence of a program.

 The control statements are classified as:-

 1. selection statement: if, switch

 2. Iterative/ looping statement: while, do-while, for

 3. Unconditional jump statement: break, continue, goto.

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 Selection statement:
 Make a decision to select and execute statements based on the condition.
 If statement: called two way selection statement.
 Syntax:-
simple if if-else
if (condition) if (condition)
{ {
statement_1; statement_1;
…………….. ……………..
} }
else
{
statement_2;
……………..
}
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 Ladder else-if Nested-if

if (condition_1) if (condition_1)
{ {
statement_1; statement_1;
…………….. if(condition_2)
} {
else if(condition_2) statement_2;
{ ……………..
statement_2; }
…………….. else
} {
else if (condition_3) statement_3;
{ ……………..
statement_3; }
…………….. }
} else
else {
{ statement_4;
statement_4; ……………..
…………….. }
4 }
 ASCII Value

Char *ASCII Value

A-Z 65-90
a-z 97-122
0-9 47-57
Special symbol 0-47, 58-64, 91-96, 123-127

5 *ASCII: American standard code for information interchange

 Switch Statement:
 It is a multi-way switch(var_name or integer_expression)
(n-way) selection {
statement. case constant_1:
statement_1;
 Syntax:- break;
case constant_2:
statement_2;
break;
.
.
default:
statement;
}
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 Simple switch

main() main()
{ {
int i=2; int i=10;
switch(i) switch(i)
{ {
case 1: case 10:
printf(“i am in case 1”); printf(“i am in case 10\n”);
break;
case 2: case 15:
printf(“i am in case 2”); printf(“i am in case 15\n”);
break; break;
default: default:
printf(“i am default\n”); printf(“i am default\n”);
} }
} }

O/P: i am case 2 O/P: i am in case 10

i am in case 15
7 because of missing break after each
case.
 example example

main() main()
{ {
int i=10; char ch;
switch(i) printf(“enter any alphabets a,b,c”);
{ scanf(“%c”,&ch);
case 10: switch(ch)
printf(“case 10\n”); {
break; case ‘a’:
case 8+2: case ‘A’:
printf(“case 8+2\n”); printf(“XYZ\n”);
break; break;
default: case ‘b’:
printf(“no matching case\n”); case ‘B’:
} printf(“PQR\n”);
} break;
default:
O/P: error because duplicate case printf(“i am default\n”);
}
} // do’t have any break so
8 control goto case A and execute it.
 Syntax of nested switch statement
switch(x)
{
case 1:
switch(y)
{
case 0:
statement;
break;
case 1:
statement;
break;
}
break;
case 2:
statement;
break;
default:
statement;
break;
}
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 Switch Statement:….
 Switch can operate for int & char type data.
 Case needn't necessarily be arrange in ascending order.
 Logical operator can’t be used in case.
 Case 3+7 is correct but a+b is incorrect
 Break statement when used in a switch takes the control outside
the switch.

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 Looping Statements

 Some time there is a situation to execute statements repeatedly for

a number of times or until the condition satisfies.
1. While()
 In this, condition is checked first and if the condition is true the
block of statement will execute & control returns to condition.
 It is called “entry control loop”.

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 Syntax and example:
while(condition) main()
{ {
statement_1; int i= 1;
while(i<=10)
…….
{
statement_n;
printf(“%d”,i);
} i++; //i+ = 1
}
}
O/P:

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 Example:
main()
{
int i= 1;
while(i<=10)
{
printf(“%d”,i);
}
}

o/p: infinite loop

because i remains
equal to 1

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 Example:

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 Example:

O/P: value of i is not getting increment , the control would keep

rotating within the loop.
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 Looping Statements

2. do-while()
 It is called “exit control loop”.
 The statements will execute for at least once, through the condition
will not to be evaluate to execute the block for first time.
Syntax
do
{
statement_1;
…………….
……………..

} while(condition);
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 Example:

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i= 0;
do
{
printf("\n RRSDCE");
i++;
}while(i<5);
}
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 Difference between while & do-while

while() do-while()
test the condition before executing test the condition after having
any of the statement within the executed the statements within the
while loop. loop.
entry control loop exit control loop

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 List of programs:

 Automorphic number.
 Decimal to binary.
 Perfect number.
 Armstrong number.
 Palindrome number.
 Prime number.
 Fibonacci number.
 Factorial of a number.

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20
 Thank You

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 Automorphic number:

 Square of the given number contains the number in the end.

 Example_1: 76  (76)2 = 5776

 Example_2: 6  62 = 36
 Example_3: 5  52 = 25

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 Decimal to binary:

base = 1 binary = 0 no1 = 0

num r base binary 2 15 1

15 - 1 0 2 7 1
7 1 10 1 2 3 1
3 1 100 11 1
1 1 1000 111
15  1111
0 1 10000 1111

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