RPH MIDTERM NOTES
Magellan Expedition (1521)
Ferdinand Magellan
o Portugese, captain of Trinidad and the first person to circumnavigate the world
Antonio Pigafetta
o Also known as Antonio Lombardo
o Italian sponsored by the Spaniards (Spanish mindset – orientalism)
Timeline
o August 10, 1519 – five fleets, 241 people
Victoria – only survivor
Concepcion – burned down
Santiago - shipwrecked
Trinidad – headed East towards Portugese land
San Antonio – headed back to Spain because of rebellion
o October 3, 1519
Weather worsened, divine intervention: Santelmo or St. Elmo’s Fire
o December 18, 1520
Turned NW: led his men through the Pacific Ocean
o March 21, 1520
mutiny
o March 16, 1521
Discovered the Philippines
Island of Humunhun
Datu Zula, Magellan’s friend
Looking for a westward route to the Spice Island
Encountered Rajah Humabon
First Filipino chieftain to embrace Christianity
Humabon (Carlos: in honor of King Charles V) and Humani (Juana: in honor of Queen
Juana, King Charles’ mother) were baptized
o April 27, 1521
Battle of Mactan
First known recorded resistance of the Filipinos
Lapu-Lapu – atleast 1,500 native warriors, Magellan – 60 men
“killed our mirror, our light, our comfort and our true guide
o September 6, 1522
18 men and Victoria returned to Spain
Captain became Juan Sebastian El Cano
Effects of the Discovery
o Disruption of our established socio-political institution
o Philippines was placed under Spanish colony
o Experienced colonization for 300 years
Motivations and Challenges Faced by the Spanish Colonizers
o Scurvy and Mutiny
Spanish Claim the Archipelago based on two Reasons
o Spain discovered the Philippines and Spain had a right to colonize it (Discover-Colonize-Rule)
Significance of the Voyage
o Established that the world is round
o Locating the archipelago in the European map
o First mass = introduction of Christianity
Factors that led to the Discovery of the Philippines
1. Economic
Looking for the Spice Islands (Maluku, Indonesia)
Navigators before Magellan: Christopher Columbus, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama
2. Political
In search for new routes
After the fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Muslims, routes were blocked to Europe
Moores blocked the only way to go to the Spice Islands
Treaty of Tordesillas
Agreement between Spain (west) and Portugal (east)
Pope Alexander XI – line of demarcation
3. Scientific and Secular Pursuits
Navigational Instruments
Mariner’s Compass, Astolabe, Portolani, Quadrant, Sextant
Legazpi Expedition (1564)
Philippines – Land of Lazaro, Islas de Lazaro
After Magellan
o Garcia Jufre Loaisa (1525), Sebastian Cabot (1526), Alvaro de Saavedra (1527), Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
(1542), Miguel Lopez de Lagazpi (1564)
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
o First Spanish governor of the Philippines
o Established Spain’s dominion over the Philippines
o Adelantado – advanced officer
Timeline:
o November 21, 1564 – start of the Journey
Four ships and five Augustinian friars, 380 men
Father Andres de Urdaneta – navigator and spiritual advisor
Melchor de Legazpi – son of Miguel de Legazpi
Felipe and Juan de Salcedo – grandsons of Migeul
Guido de Lavezaris – only survivor of Villalbos’s expedition and second Spanish governor
of the Philippines
Mexican port of Natividad
o 93 days in the Pacific Ocean
o 1565: Marianas Islands (Guam)
Get supplies, fought against the native of Tiamoro
o February 13, 1565 – arrived at Cebu but they weren’t accepted by the natives
o February 22, 1565 – island of Samar
Datu Uraw: blood compact, together they went to Limasawa
Datu Bangkaw – went back to Bohol to have a blood compact to Datu Sikatuna (Datu of Bohol
and the one who told them about the island of Cebu), and Rajah Sigala
o April 27, 1565
Arrived in Cebu
Cebuanos were hostile, especially the Cebuano Chieftain, Tupas
During the battle in Cebu, he discovered the image of Sto. Nino given by Magellan
o 1569 – because of lack of supplies, he went to the Island of Panay
o 1570 – ordered Juan de Salcedo to punish the pirates of Mindoro and Martin Goiti to go to Luzon
Batangas with 120 soldiers – River of Pansipit
o May 8, 1565 – expedition in Manila
Manila was a Muslim region, Goiti demanded Rajay Sulayman to pay tribute
o May 24, 1565 – Goiti fired a canon to recall a ship, natives shot through lantaka
o 1571 – founded the city of Manila
o August 20, 1572 – died because of stroke
The Philippines Becomes a Spanish Colony
The 1896 Philippine Revolution
Timeline
o July 6, 1892 – Rizal was arrested by the Spaniards
o The La Liga Filipina, Rizal’s organization became Cuerpo de Compromisarios
o July 7, 1892 – the Katipunan was formed
o Andres Bonifacio – Father of the Revolution
o KKK – Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
o Aimed to: separate from Spain, defend the poor and the oppressed, promote good morality, reject
religious fanaticism and obscurantism
o Two Phases
o First Phase
August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan was discovered
Teodoro Patino and Apolonio de la Cruz had a misunderstanding
Due to Teodoro’s vengeance, he told his sister Honoria, about the Katipunan
Honorio, an inmate at an orphanage told Sor Teresa
Sor Teresa urged Teodoro to confessed to Fr. Mariano Gil
August 23, 1896
1, 000 Katipuneros met at the yard of Juan A. Ramos
Cry of Pugadlawin
August 30, 1896
The revolution spread to different areas around Manila
Governor-general Ramon Blanco declared a state of war
December 31, 1896
Imus Assembly
March 22, 1897
Tejeros Convention
o Electoral fraud
o Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as president
o Magdalo side
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