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  • Transpiration POGIL Answer Key

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    Plants transport water through their bodies via a process called transpiration. Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and moves upward through the xylem tissue. It eventually reaches the leaves, where it exits the plant through openings called stomata and evaporates into the atmosphere. This continuous movement of water occurs as water molecules adhere to each other and are pulled upward from the soil to the leaves, where water potential is lower. Transpiration allows plants to circulate water, transport nutrients, and cool themselves through evaporative cooling.

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    Plants transport water through their bodies via a process called transpiration. Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and moves upward through the xylem tissue. It eventually reaches the leaves, where it exits the plant through openings called stomata and evaporates into the atmosphere. This continuous movement of water occurs as water molecules adhere to each other and are pulled upward from the soil to the leaves, where water potential is lower. Transpiration allows plants to circulate water, transport nutrients, and cool themselves through evaporative cooling.

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    931 views8 pages

    Transpiration POGIL Answer Key

    Uploaded by

    Jade Tapper
    Plants transport water through their bodies via a process called transpiration. Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and moves upward through the xylem tissue. It eventually reaches the leaves, where it exits the plant through openings called stomata and evaporates into the atmosphere. This continuous movement of water occurs as water molecules adhere to each other and are pulled upward from the soil to the leaves, where water potential is lower. Transpiration allows plants to circulate water, transport nutrients, and cool themselves through evaporative cooling.

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    of 8

    Transpiration

    How do plants transport water through their bodies?


    Why?
    _____________________________________________________________________
    A large and important part of the​ ​hydrologic​ cycle​ is done by plants. Plants need water for photosynthesis
    and other metabolic processes so they must take it in from the environment. Most​ ​terrestrial​ (land) plants
    get their water from the soil. However, all parts of the plant need water so, how does it get all the way up
    to the leaves and where does it go from there? In this lesson we will learn how plants transport water
    through their bodies.
    __________________________________________________________________________

    Model 1 - In which direction does water move in transpiration?


    1. Based on model 1, into which part of the plant does water enter?
    Roots
    2. From which part of the plant does water exit? What is the name of the specific structure?
    Stoma
    3. What are the origin and the destination of the water (one word for each)?
    Origin: Soil
    Destination: Atmosphere
    4. In which type of tissue is the water transported?
    Vascular tissue- more specifically xylem
    Phloem tissue is also vascular tissue but it moves sap and not water
    5. What are the two properties of water that allow it to flow in a continuous column from root to leaf?
    a. Cohesion- Water attracted to itself
    b. Adhesion- Polar substances attracted to other polar substances

    6. Referring to question #5, what is it about water molecules that allow it to have these properties?
    Polar
    7. When the water has gotten to the leaves, does it remain in the xylem? If not, where does it go?
    Goes into mesophyll cells or atmosphere
    8. What is the process by which water is transported through a cell membrane? Explain what
    determines the direction in which the water will flow.
    Transpiration

    Read This!
    _______________________________________________________________________________

    The Greek god of the sea, Poseidon, carried a trident which is represented by the Greek letter psi
    (silent p, long i). In science, it is used to represent a concept referred to as ​water potential​. The formula for
    calculating water potential is as follows.

    Cell Wall Sugar Usually

    More solute means less water potential


    Leaves has lower solute potential because
    Lot’s of solutes from photosynthesis

    Air has higher water potential when it is hot and dry


    Rate of transpiration drops when air is cold and wet
    Water always moves from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential. The units
    used to express water potential are units of pressure such as “bars” or “pascals”. Another way to look at
    how water moves is from high pressure to low pressure.
    _______________________________________________________________________________

    9. Referring to Model 1, which area of the plant has the highest water potential? And the lowest?
    Soil is the highest, Outside Air is the lowest
    10. What happens to the water potential as it goes from soil to air? How does this relate to the
    direction in which the water flows?
    Absolute value increases but actual water potential decreases. Water flows from high water
    potential to low

    Transpiration is PASSIVE
    To stop water loss a plant can just close its stoma. Stomata is the small hole between two guard cells.
    When these cells are plump they push together and make this hole. When it is dehydrated they close the
    hole. The plant can also do this by pumping out potassium salt to push water out of just the guard cells so it
    can close the stomata.

    Model 2 - What determines water potential?

    (B)
    Referring to part (A) of Model 2,

    11. How many solutions are in the U-shaped tube?


    1
    Pressure potential considered to be 0 when it is equal to air pressure. AKA tubes with open tubes
    ALL CELLS ALWAYS HAVE A SOLUTE POTENTIAL
    Equilibrium means water potential inside and outside cell are equal

    12. What separates these solutions?


    A semi-permeable membrane
    13. In which direction is the water moving in terms of water potential?
    Left to right (High water potential to low water potential)
    14. In which direction is the water moving in terms of solute potential?
    High to low solute potential
    15. How are solute potential and water potential related?
    Solute potential is part of the equation of water potential so as it goes up so too does water potential
    and vice versa. AKA they are ​directly related

    Read This!
    ___________________________________________________________________________________
    The pressure exerted by the water in the cell against the pressure of the cell wall is referred to as ​turgor
    pressure​. Plants that lack water lack turgor pressure and, as a result of not having this outward force
    pushing on their cell walls, they wilt. Often, water will bring them back to a healthy state but, if left without
    water too long, a plant may reach what is referred to as the permanent wilting point. If this occurs, the plant
    will certainly soon die.
    ___________________________________________________________________________________

    Refer to part (B) of Model 2


    16. What is the pressure potential and water potential of the plant cell when it is first placed in the
    distilled water?
    Pressure potential: 0 Water potential: -2
    17. What is the pressure potential and water potential of the plant cell after it has been in the distilled
    water for a time?
    Pressure potential: 2 Water potential: 0
    18. What is the direction of the water movement when the cell is first placed in the beaker?
    Into the cell
    19. After the cell has been in the water for a time, there is no longer a net movement of water into or out
    of the cell. Explain why this would happen?
    The cell wall pushes the plant cell to equilibrium
    20. What is the relationship between water potential and pressure potential?
    Also directly related

    21. Refer back to Model 1 and use the information in Model 2. Which has the lower water potential, the
    xylem or the mesophyll cells? Which do you predict has the lower solute potential? Explain your
    answers.

    Mesophyll cells have a lower water potential than the xylem cells. Because water moves from high
    to low water potential and water moves from the xylem to the mesophyll cells.

    Concentration and solute potential inversely related. Since they make a lot of solutes, solute
    potential and thus water potential goes down

    22. Referring again to Model 1 using the information from Model 2. What can you predict about the
    solute potential and water potential of the air compared to that of the mesophyll cells? Would air
    have a solute potential? If not, why does to the water move out of the cells and into the air?

    Air has a lower water potential.


    Air is a solution: Nitrogen is solvent, CO2, oxygen, etc. are the solvents
    Has very low solute potential

    Read This!
    ___________________________________________________________________________________
    The water potential of the air can change depending on the environmental conditions such as
    temperature, humidity and, wind​. As these conditions change, the rate of transpiration will change as
    well.
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    Extension Questions:

    23. The graph below is from a transpiration experiment. How does humidity seem to affect the rate of
    transpiration? Propose an explanation using water potential for this variance.

    Rate of transpiration decreases as humidity increases. Inversely related. Water doesn’t move as
    quickly

    Humidity raises water potential in the air

    Plants lose water faster on a windy day.

    Airplane wings are curved on top and flat on the bottom. Air gets to the end of wing at the same time
    but has to go different lengths. Air moving faster has less pressure (on top) and so the greater air
    pressure on bottom lifts it up. Bernulies principle.
    Observe the model below and watch ​this animation​ about phloem transport:

    Sugar is made in the leaf cells and is pumped into the phloem. These are next to the xylem. Water
    potential lower in phloem than in xylem so water moves to the phloem. This increases pressure in
    phloem so everything gets pushed to areas of lower pressure. Sugar gets pumped into the root and
    is turned into starch or fat for energy storage.
    During spring starchs and fats get turned back into sugar, pushed up into phloem, and is used to
    grow new leaves

    Phloem​ is a tissue that transports sugar sap throughout the plant. Unlike xylem, it is living and it can
    transport sap up or down the plant. Phloem lies alongside xylem all throughout the plant. The sugar
    sap in the phloem is pushed from areas of high concentration (called the ​source​) to areas of low
    concentration (called the ​sink​). The sugar sap is NOT moving down the concentration gradient of
    sugar in the phloem. Instead, it is being PUSHED by a difference in pressure.

    24. Which part of the process of moving sugar requires active transport? How do you know that?
    Pushing solutes out of leaves and into roots (moves against concentration gradient)
    25. Predict an explanation of why the phloem is always right alongside the xylem of the plant.
    To obtain water to push the sugar where it needs to go
    26. In a deciduous tree (one that sheds all of its leaves seasonally), where would the source and
    sink of phloem transport be in the summer? In the spring? Explain your answers.
    Summer: source is leaves, sink is roots
    Spring: source is roots, sink is leaves

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