GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
PRESTRESSING
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING
Ø According to the sequence of PRETENSIONING &
casting the concrete and applying
tension to the tendons: POST-TENSIONING
Ø According to the location of the EXTERNAL & INTERNAL
prestressing tendons:
LINEAR & CIRCULAR
Ø According to the shape of the
prestressed member:
FULL, LIMITED & PARTIAL
Ø According to the amount of
prestressing force:
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING
Ø EXTERNAL PRESTRESSING
§ the member is prestressed by external reaction offered by rigid
abutments
§ necessary prestressing force can be applied by compressing the member
by jacking against abutments
§ after the prestressing is over, the space between the end of the beam and the
abutment may be packed with concrete and the jack recovered
Ø INTERNAL PRESTRESSING
§ tendon is provided from which the prestress can be applied
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING
Ø LINEAR PRESTRESSING
§ prestressing force is applied longitudinally along or parallel to the axis of the
member
Ø CIRCULAR PRESTRESSING
§ circumferential hoop or “hugging” stress on the cylindrical or spherical
structure neutralizes the tensile stresses at the outer fibers of the
curvilinear surface caused by the internal contained pressure
§ used in liquid containment tanks, pipes and pressure reactor vessels
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING
Ø PRETENSIONING
§ done at the fabrication plant for production of precast members
§ tendons are tensioned first before concrete is placed
§ the concrete is cast around the stressed tendon
§ as the fresh concrete hardens, it bonds to the steel
§ when the concrete has reached the required strength, the jacking
force is released and the force is transferred by bond from steel to
concrete
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION
OF
PRESTRESSING
Ø PRETENSIONING
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSING
Ø POST-TENSIONING
§ done at the construction site for the construction of cast-in-place
members
§ hollow conduits containing the unstressed tendons are placed in
the beam forms before pouring the concrete
§ the tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened and
achieved sufficient strength
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q CLASSIFICATION
OF
PRESTRESSING
Ø POST-TENSIONING
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
Ø Consider a simply supported rectangular beam subjected to a
concentric prestressing force, P
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
Ø Thecompressive stress on the beam cross section is uniform
and has an intensity of:
where, Ac = cross-sectional area of a beam section
Ac = width x total depth = bh
sign convention: (-) compression, (+) tension
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
Ø If
external transverse loads are applied to the beam causing a
maximum moment M at mid-span, the resulting stress becomes:
where, f t = stress at the top fibers
f b = stress at the bottom fibers
Ig = gross moment of inertia of the
section
c = h/2
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
Ø If
external transverse loads are applied to the beam causing a
maximum moment M at mid-span, the resulting stress becomes:
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
§ equation indicates that the presence of the
prestressing compressive stress is reducing the tensile
flexural stress
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
§ the concrete’s ability to withstand tensile stresses is effectively
compensated for by the compressive force of the
prestressing tendon
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
§ equation indicates that the compressive
stress at the top fibers of the beam due to prestressing are
compounded by the application of the loading stress
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
§ to induce tensile stresses at the top fibers due to prestressing,
the prestressing tendon is placed eccentrically below the
neutral axis at mid-span
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
Ø Ifthe tendon is placed at eccentricity, e,from the center of gravity
of the concrete (cgc), a moment, Pe, is created and the ensuing
stresses at mid-span become:
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
§ since the support section of a simply supported beam carries no
moment from the external transverse load, high tensile fiber
stresses at the top fibers are caused by the eccentric prestressing
force
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q BASIC CONCEPT OF PRESTRESSING
§ to limit such stresses, the eccentricity of the prestressing tendon
profile (termed the cgs line) is made less at the support section
than at the midspan section, eliminated altogether, and a negative
eccentricity above the cgc line is used
GENERAL PRICIPLES OF PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
q Sample
Ø A prestress rectangular beam 500 x 750 mm has a simple span
of 30 m and is loaded by a uniform load of 45 KN/m including its
own weight. The prestressing tendon is 225 mm from the bottom
and produces an effective prestress of 1600 KN. Compute and
draw the fiber stress distribution on the concrete at mid-section
due to axial force, prestress eccentricity, loads and total stress.
