Chapter - 5

List Manipulation

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 Introduction
Sequence in an object that contain multiple items of
data.

A sequence may have repeated items in the list. The

number of elements are called length of the sequence.

Sequences in Python
Lists, Dictionaries, Strings, Tuples and Sets

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 1. Lists
A list is a collection of items and each item has its own
index value. The items in a list can be of any type such
as strings, integers, floats.

Items in a list can be of multiple types. The

items/elements are enclosed in Square brackets [ ].

Index of first item is 0 and the last item is n-1.

Here n is number of items in a list.

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 a. Creating a List
The syntax for creating a list is:
<list_name> = [ ]

Creating a list
Lists are enclosed in square brackets [ ] and
each item is separated by a comma.

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b. Accessing Items from a List

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 c. Travesing a List
Traversing means accessing each item in the
list.
This can be done using loops.

Using ‘in’ operator inside the loop

List7=['a','e','i','o','u']
for i in List7:
print(i)

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 Travesing a List
Using ‘range’ function

List1=['a','e','i','o','u']

for i in range(0, len(List1)):

print(List1[i])

tot=len(List1)
print("Total number of characters are:",tot)

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 2. Operations on Lists
Python provides several basic operations
which can be performed on a list.

a. Slicing
b. Concatenation
c. Repetition
d. Membership testing
e. Indexing

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 a. Slicing
Slicing is an operation in which you can slice a
particular range from that sequence.

List slices are the sub-parts of a list extracted out.

List slices can be created through the use of

indexes.

Syntax:
list[start:stop:step]
start is the starting point.
stop is the stopping point, which is not included.
Step is the step size. It is optional. Default value is 1.
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 a. Slicing
list =['I','N','D','I','A']

print(list[:]) ['I', 'N', 'D', 'I', 'A']

print(list[0:3]) ['I', 'N', 'D']
print(list[2:]) ['D', 'I', 'A']
print(list[:3]) ['I', 'N', 'D']
print(list[-3:]) ['D', 'I', 'A']
print(list[:-4]) ['I']
Print(list[1:4:2]) [‘N‘,'I']
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 a. Slicing
Consider a list/sequence as:

>>> x='computer'
>>> x[1:4] # omp
>>> x[3:] # puter
>>> x[:5] # compu
>>> x[-3:] # ter
>>> x[:-2] # comput

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 b. Concatenation
Multiple sequences/lists can be combined together with help
of certain operators.
Python allows adding two lists using ‘+’ operator.

list1=['Red','Green']
list2=[10,20]

list1=list1+['Blue']
list2=list2+[30]

print(list1) # ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue']

print(list2) # [10, 20, 30]

list3=list1+list2
print(list3) # ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 10, 20, 30]
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 c. Repetition/Replication
Asterisk (*) operator replicated the List for a
specified number of times.

e.g.

list2=[10,20,30]
print(list2*2) [10, 20, 30, 10, 20, 30]

x="Python"*3
print(x) PythonPythonPython

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 d. Membership Testing
Membership testing is an operation carried out
to check whether a particular element/item is a
member of that sequence or not.
e.g.1
x='Python'
print ('o' in x) Output: True

e.g.2
y=[10,20,30,40]
print (50 in y) Output: False
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 d. Membership Testing
student_XII = ['Ritu', 'Saksham', 'Abha', 'Varun']
for name in student_XII:
print(name)

Output: Ritu
Saksham
Abha
Varun

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 e. Indexing
Index is a number specifying the position of an
element in a list. It enables access to individual
elements in the list.

e.g.1
list1=['Red','Green','Blue']
list2=[10,20,30]

Output:
print(list1[-1]) Blue
print(list2[2])
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30
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 3. Built in Functions
Python provides several built-in functions to perform
various operations on list.

a. Append
b. Insert
c. update
d. Remove
e. Sort
f. Reverse
g. Len
h. Count
i. Index
j. Extend
k. Clear

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 a. append()
append() method adds a single item
to the end of the list.

It doesn't create a new list; rather it

modifies the original list.

Syntax: list.append(item)

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 a. append()
e.g1

L1=[10,20,30,40]
L1.append(55)
[10, 20, 30, 40, 55]
print(L1)

e.g.2
color=['Red','Green','Blue']
color.append('White')
print(color) ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 'White']

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 a. append()
L=[]
n=int(input("How many items to be enetered:"))
i=1
while(i<=n):
a=int(input("Enter element:"))
L.append(a)
i=i+1
print(L)

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 b. insert()
insert() function can be used to insert
an element at a specified index.
Syntax:
list_name.insert(index_number, value)

e.g.
names=['Ajay','Vinay','Sonia']
names.insert(2,'Sanjay')
print(names)
['Ajay', 'Vinay', 'Sanjay', 'Sonia']

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 c. update()
upadte() function can be used to assign
a new value to an lready exisiting value
using assignment operator (=).
Syntax:
list_name[index]=<new value>

e.g.
List3=[1,2,3]
List3[1]=10
print(List3) [1, 10, 3]

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 d. remove()
remove() function can be used to
remove an element at a specified
index.
Syntax:
list_name.remove(value)

e.g.
names=['Ajay','Vinay','Sonia']
names.remove('Vinay')
print(names) ['Ajay', 'Sonia']

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 e. sort()
sort() function sorts the items os the
list in ascending or descending order.
Syntax:
list_name.sort()

e.g.
L1=[10,4,22,3,100,2]
L1.sort()
print(L1) [2, 3, 4, 10, 22, 100]

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 e. sort()
e.g.

Syntax:
list_name.sort(reverse=True)

#sort in descending order

names=['Ajay', 'Vinay', 'Sanjay', 'Sonia']

names.sort(reverse=True)
print(names) ['Vinay', 'Sonia', 'Sanjay', 'Ajay']

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 f. reverse()
reverse() function in python reverses the
order of the elements in a list. It replaces
a new value ‘in place’ of an item that
already exists in the list.
Syntax:
list_name.reverse()
e.g.
L2=['Sam', 'Aman']
L2.reverse()
['Aman', 'Sam']
print(L2)
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 g. len()
len() function returns length of the list.
Syntax:
Len(list_name)

e.g.
L5=[5,"Python","BPB",190.5]
print(len(L5)) Output: 4

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 h. count()
count() function counts and returns
how many times an element has
occurred in a list.
Syntax:
List.count(element)

e.g.
L5=[10,20,10,30,10,40]
print(L5.count(10)) Output: 3

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 i. index()
index() function returns the index of first
matched item from the list.
Syntax:
List.index(item)
e.g.
L5=[10,20,10,30,10,40]
print(L5.index(10)) Output: 0

x=['USA','UK','INDIA','JAPAN']
print(x.index('INDIA')) Output: 2

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 j. extend()
extend() function adds one list at the
end of another list.
Syntax:
list1.extend(list2)

e.g.
L1=[10,20,30,40]
L2=[50,60]
L1.extend(L2)
print(L1) [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]

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 k. clear()
clear() removes all the items from the
list.
Syntax:
list1.clear()

e.g.
L1=[10,20,30,40]
L1.clear()
print(L1) Output: [ ]

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 4. Deletion Operation
Python provides methods for deleting
item from the list.

a. pop() or del
(if index is known)
b. remove()
(if element is known not the index)
c. del()
(remove more than one element)
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 a. pop() or del
pop()
It removes the item from the specified index and returns
the element which was removed.

e.g.
L1=[10,20,30,40,50]
a=L1.pop(1)
print(L1) #[10, 30, 40, 50]

Note:L1.pop() – if no index value is provided last

element is deleted.

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 a. pop() or del
del()
It removes the item from the specified index but does
returns the element which was removed.

e.g.
L1=[10,20,30,40,50]
del L1[2]
print(L1) #[10, 20, 40, 50]

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 b. remove()
It is used when the element to be deleted is known.

e.g.
L1=[10,20,30,40,50]
L1.remove(40)
print(L1) #[10, 20, 30, 50]

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 c. del()
It removes more than one element. Here list slice can be
used.

e.g.
L1=[10,20,30,40,50]
del L1[2:4]
print(L1) #[10, 20, 50]

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 5. Searching list
e.g.
>>>L1=[10,20,30,40]
>>>30 in L1
True

e.g.
>>>L1=[‘A’,’B’,’C’]
>>>’D’ in L1
False
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 6. Other Functions
max()
Returns the element with maximum value from
the list.
e.g1.
List3=[10,20,30,50]
print(max(List3)) # 50

e.g2.
List4=['a','A','i','I']
print(max(List4)) # i according to ASCII Value

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 6. Other Functions
min()
Returns the element with maximum value from
the list.

e.g1.
List3=[10,20,30,50]
print(min(List3)) # 10

e.g2.
List4=['a','A','i','I']
print(min(List4)) # A according to ASCII Value

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 SUMMARY

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# Python Program to find Largest and Smallest Number in a
List

NumList = [1,33,22,88,4,44]

Number=len(NumList)
print("Length of this List is : ", Number)
smallest = largest = NumList[0]

for i in range(1, Number):

if(smallest > NumList[i]):

smallest = NumList[i]

if(largest < NumList[i]):

largest = NumList[i]

print("The List is:",NumList)

print("The Smallest Element in this List is : ", smallest)
print("The Largest Element in this List is : ", largest)
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# Python Program to count occurrence of a Number in the List

ctr=0
List = [1,33,22,88,1,4,44,1]
print(List)
num=int(input("Enter Number in the List:"))

for i in range(0, len(List)):

if(num= =List[i]):
ctr=ctr+1

print("Number of times element occurring in List is:",ctr)

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# Python Program to calculate mean of elements in the List

L=[]
n=int(input("How many items to be enetered:"))
i=1
while(i<=n):
a=int(input("Enter element:"))
L.append(a)
i=i+1

sum=0
for i in range(0, len(L)):
sum=sum+L[i]
avg=sum/n

print("The List is",L)

print("The Mean
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ofIP)the List is",avg)
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# Python Program to perform linear search in a List

L=[10,30,88,27,93]
print(L)
n=int(input("Enter item to be search:"))

flag=0
for i in range(0, len(L)):
if (n==L[i]):
flag=1
break

if (flag==1):
print("Element found")
else:
print("Element not found")
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# Python Program to remove all items from the
List

L=[10,20,12,44,88]

for i in range(0, len(L)):

del L[i]

print(“All items removed”)

print(L)

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