Civil Engineering &
Architecture
Keystone Library Project
Treyton Bitzel & Timothy
Shoul
December 2019
Table of Contents
1.) Project Overview
2.) Universal Design
3.) Sustainable and Green Design
4.) Site Location
5.) Heat Loss
6.) Heat Loss
7.) Heat Loss
8.) Storm Water Runoff
9.) Snow Load - Roof Weight - Total Design Load
10.) Uniform Beam Load - Column Load - Composite Floor Deck
11.) Constraints
12.) Codes and Regulations Research Summary
13.) Codes and Regulations Research Summary
14.) Conclusion
Project Overview
The Keystone Library project challenged us to turn an old warehouse
located on a brownfield into a library. The City of Noblesville received a
grant from the State of Indiana to assess the site for hazardous materials.
With the results being insignificant, we set to work designing a library with
an unlimited budget. The only requirement was to meet all the constraints
and codes. We kept universal design, green design, site planning, and
sustainable design in mind throughout the whole project. After reviewing all
the codes and constraints, brainstorming possible solutions, and creating
bubble diagrams and sketches of each floor, we came across a design that
we both agreed on. One of us set to work on Revit while the other set to
work on the calculations and write-ups.
Universal Design
Universal design is the designing of a building that can be used by all
people without the need for special adaptations. Our Keystone Library
welcomes people from any walk of life. All doorways are wheelchair
accessible as well as the staff kitchen area. The bathrooms on the first floor
also provide handicap access. An elevator shaft allows people who cannot
use the stairs to move between the first and second floor with ease.
Spacing between our bookshelves allows for wheelchair access. The
parking lot has multiple handicap parking spots located very close to the
main entrance along with a ramp from the parking lot to the main entrance.
In essence, wheelchair bound people will have no trouble accessing the
keystone library. A children’s center that is separate from the rest of the
library also accommodates for younger people.
Sustainable and Green Design
A sustainable design aims to limit the environmental impact of a
building while improving the health and comfort of the building’s occupants.
Green designs are meant to be eco-friendly. The Keystone Library is built
on a brownfield and uses the skeleton of an old warehouse to design an
environmentally friendly building. Large windows allow light to pour into the
library, which saves on heating costs in the winter and improves the
atmosphere of the occupants. Coniferous trees located in the rear of the
building also help to block the noise from the state highway. Landscaping in
the front of the building boosts the aesthetics as well as the large curtain
wall on the second floor. The green roof on the second floor provides a
beautiful escape for the buildings occupants and a way to limit the heating
and cooling costs of the building. All rainwater that runs off the green roof
and the roof is collected in a gray water system. This water, which includes
water from the sinks, is redistributed to the toilets. Using gray water for
toilets greatly reduces the water bill. The entrance and exit to the parking
lot is separate to allow for a more convenient ingress and egress point from
the road.
Site Location
Considering site location and opportunities is a major part of a
sustainable design. The Keystone library is set on a 6.67 acre lot right off
the state highway. We decided to have the front of the library face
Cumberland road which borders the west side of the lot, away from the
highway. This will allow for easier ingress and egress. Large coniferous
trees will be planted in the rear of the building to reduce the noise from the
highway. Deciduous trees will be placed on the South side of the building to
shade it in the summer and allow light to pour into the building in the winter.
This helps save on heating and cooling costs. The trees will also block the
cold Southwest winds in the winter. The parking lot is in the front of the
building and provides a convenient flow of traffic for cars.
Calculations
Heat Loss for the Second Floor
The second floor loses a lot of heat due to the massive glass and
steel curtain wal. In order to effectively heat and cool the building,
calculating the heat loss was required. Below is the charts and R-Values for
each material in the walls, windows, doors, and roof.
WALL COMPONENTS R-VALUE
Brick - 3 ⅝” 0.725
Concrete Masonry Unit - 3 ⅝” 1.11
Air Spacer - 1 ⅛” 0.68
Air Barrier - 0” 0.68
R20 Insulation 20.0
Concrete Masonry Unit - 7 ⅝” 1.11
Vapor Barrier - 0” 0.00
Gypsum Wall Board - ½” 0.45
Total 24.76
The total R-Value for the walls is 24.76.
ROOF COMPONENTS R-VALUE
Insulating Mineral Fiberboard - ½” 1.14
Rigid Insulation Board 18.0
BUR (Gravel + Asphalt) - 3” 1.95
Steel Deck 0.00
Total 21.09
DOORS R-VALUE
Double-Glazed Glass Door 1.67
WINDOWS R-VALUE
Double-Glazed Glass Windows 1.67
U-FACTOR AREA ΔT TRANSMISSION
LOAD
SURFACE R-VALUE 1/R SQ. FT ℉ BTU/HOUR
North 24.76 .04038 1012.8 68 2781
East 24.76 .04038 809.50 68 2223
South 24.76 .04038 906.55 68 2490
West 24.76 .04038 477.00 68 1310
Doors 1.67 .59880 14.000 68 570
Windows 1.67 .59880 1264.6 68 51492
Roof 21.09 .04741 4642.1 68 14965
Total 73591
The Keystone Library will require a 75,000 BTU/hour heater for the
second floor to properly heat it.
Storm Water Runoff
For ease of calculations, the brownfield is considered a light industrial area,
the warehouse roof is considered as asphalt, the grass after construction is
considered unimproved, and all values used are conservative. The
Keystone Library roof also captures rain water. Therefore, it is excluded in
the calculation. The calculations are done for a 100 year, 1 hr storm in
Noblesville, Indiana.
Qpre = C f CiA
Qpre = (.5)(1.25)(3.04)(6.48) + (.7)(1.25)(3.04)(.19)
Qpre = 12.312 + 0.5054
Qpre = 12.82 cf s
The brownfield had a run off rate of 12.82 cfs.
Qpost = C f CiA
Qpost = (.1)(1.25)(3.04)(4.18) + (.7)(1.25)(3.04)(2.3)
Qpost = 1.5884 + 6.118
Qpost = 7.706 cf s
The Keystone Library has a run off rate of 7.706 cfs.
ΔQ = Qpost − Qpre
ΔQ = 7.706 − 12.82
ΔQ =− 5.114 cf s
The Keystone Library has reduced the runoff rate of the lot by 5.114
cfs.
Snow Load
P s = .7C s C e C t ls P g
P s = (.7)(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)(20)
P s = 14 psf
Roof Weight
Material Psf
BUR 6.5
5” Rigid Insulation 3.75
Steel Deck 3
Mineral Fiberboard 1.4
MEP 10
Total (rounded up) 25
The weight of the roof is 25 psf.
Total Design Load
T otal Design Load = D + L or S
T otal Design Load = 25 + 14
T otal Design Load = 39 psf
Uniform Beam Load
For these calculations, we will assume there is a love load of 100 psf.
U nif orm Beam Load Interior = (F loor Load)(T ributary W idth)
U nif orm Beam Load Interior = (39 + 100)(10)
U nif orm Beam Load Interior = 1390 plf
U nif orm Beam Load Exterior = (F loor Load)(T ributary Load)
U nif orm Beam Load Exterior = (39 + 100)(5)
U nif orm Beam Load Exterior = 695 plf
Column Load
C olumn Load = (T ributary Area)(T otal F loor Load)
C olumn Load = (240)(139)
C olumn Load = 33360 lbs
Composite Floor Deck
We want the Keystone library second floor to bear a live load of at
least 150 psf. To do this, we used the superimposed live load table to find
the deck type required for a 3-span, 10 ft. clear span. After reviewing the
table, we will need a type 18 deck with a slab depth of 4”.
Constraints
The Keystone Library had many constraints we had to follow. The
ones listed below are the major ones.
- New Entry/Vestibule
- Elevator
- Circulation Desk
- Children’s Help Desk
- Computer Terminals
- Public Restrooms on 1st and 2nd Floor
- Librarian’s Office
- Staff Workroom
- Staff Restroom
- Two Meeting Rooms
- History Room
- Mechanical Room
- Green Roof
We managed to meet all of the constraints on the list.
Codes and Regulations Research
Summary
Codes:
Egress
- Minimum of 2 exits from 1st floor
- Minimum of 2 exits from 2nd floor
- Stair width must be at least 3.87’
- Door width must be at least 8.18’
Building Height
- Maximum building height: 55’-86’
- Between 2-4 stories
Maximum Occupancy
- Maximum occupancy for entire building is 409 people
- Maximum occupancy for first floor is 280 people
- Maximum occupancy for the second floor is 43 people
- Maximum occupancy for the green roof is 86 people
Summary:
We will be following the Indiana Building Code for this project as well
as the Noblesville Code of Ordinances. The proposed library will be
classified as A-3. It is type A because the building occupancy type fits best
as a library of course. The construction type is considered 3 because we
are using wood on the interior to hide the steel framing and improve the
aesthetics of the library. The maximum height of the library must be
between 55’-86’. The library must be no more than four stories. Marble
floors and wood to hide the framing of the building is what we will use on
the interior of our building. The first floor has a maximum occupancy of 280
people while the second floor has a maximum occupancy of 43 people. The
green roof has a maximum occupancy of 86 people. All together, the
maximum occupancy of the entire building is 409 people. Based off of 409
people, the door width minimum must be 8.18’ and the stair width minimum
must be 3.87’. At least two exits are required, but the library will have more
than two exits. The library is to be placed in the Planned Development
Overlay Zone. The City of Noblesville is planning to turn that area into a
new development. Building a new library there will revive the area and
make it somewhere that people want to settle. It is important to research
building codes and ordinances when designing a project so that the design
meets all the requirements. It can be a time consuming and expensive to
go back and change parts of a design because it does not meet the codes.
Even worse, if someone completes the construction of a building and it
does not meet the codes, it is deemed unusable and must be demolished.
That is a huge waste of time and money. Building codes mainly protect
people during fires. The codes that specify the number of exits, width of
doorways, width of stairs, and maximum occupancy all are meant to allow
people to escape during a fire. Building types also provide different levels
of fire safety. Codes also make sure the building is structurally secure to
protect building. Local ordinances control development by setting
regulations that must be followed. If the regulations are not followed, they
have the power to make the builders take it down or fix it.
Conclusion
We learned a lot from the Keystone Library. One of the most
important things we learned was how to work with someone else. We did
not waste one day of work time watching each other do the project.
Everyday we divided the tasks and completed what was necessary for that
day. In general, we worked very well together. We were on the same page
throughout the whole project and feed off of each other’s ideas to create
the best design possible. The project threw us a lot of curveballs
throughout the past few weeks, but we managed to complete the project on
time. A lot of the issues were Revit based or us not knowing how to perform
certain calculations required for the project.
In the end, our library included tons of sustainable and energy
efficient designs. Some sustainable features are the repurposing of the
warehouse, using landscaping to improve aesthetics, and breaking the
library up into sections to allow people to focus on what they specifically
need. An example of an energy efficient design is the use of double-paned
glass in the windows. Double-paned glass has a higher R-Value than
single-paned glass. This allows it to insulate the building better.
One thing we would incorporate into the next design is a more
efficient flow in the building. The current flow we have works quite well, but
we feel like we could do better next time.
Another thing we learned was time management. We did not have
very long to complete this project. Managing our time well was the only
thing we could do to complete it on time. If we were given two more weeks,
we could have made a lot of improvements to the design as well as doing
more calculations.
