Major Scale (Triads & Sevenths)
Ex. 14a
Ionian
Dorian
Phrygian
Lydian
Mixolydian
Aeolian
Locrian
Triads maj = I, IV, V
min = ii, iii, vi
dim = viio
Seventh maj7 = Imaj7, IVmaj7
min7 = ii7, iii7, vi7
dom7 = V7
min7b5 = vii7b5
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Natural Minor Scale
Ex. 14b
Aeolian
Locrian
Ionian
Dorian
Phrygian
Lydian
Mixolydian
Triads maj = III, VI, VII
min = i, iv, v
dim = iio
Seventh maj7 = IIImaj7, VImaj7
min7 = i7, iv7, v7
dom7 = VII7
min7b5 = ii7b5
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Melodic Minor Scale
Ex. 15
Melodic Minor
Dorian b2
Lydian augmented
(Lydian b7)
Mixolydian #11
Mixolydian b6
Locrian
Dominant
Altered
Triads maj = IV, V
min = i, ii
dim = vio, viio
aug = III+
Seventh minmaj7 = imaj7
min7 = ii
dom7 = IV7,, V7
min7b5 = vi7b5, vii7b5
augmaj7 = III+maj7
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Harmonic Minor Scale
Ex. 16
Harmonic Minor
Locrian nat. 6
Ionian augmented
Dorian #4
Phrygian Major
Lydian #9
Dominant bb7
Triads maj = V, VI Altered
min = i, iv
dim = iio, viio
aug = III+
Seventh maj7 = VImaj7
minmaj7 = imaj7
min7 = iv7
dom7 = V7
min7b5 = ii7b5
augmaj7 = III+maj7
dim7 = viio7
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Harmonic Major Scale
Ex. 17
Mixolydian b2
(Ionian b6)
Harmonic Major
Dorian b5
Phrygian b4
(Melodic Minor #4)
Lydian b3
Lydian Augmented #2
Locrian bb7
Triads maj = I, V
min = iii, iv
dim = iio, viio
aug = VI+
Seventh maj7 = Imaj7
minmaj7 = ivmaj7
min7 = iii7
dom7 = V7
min7b5 = ii7b5
augmaj7 = VI+maj7
dim7 = viio7
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Double Harmonic Major Scale
Ex. 18
Lydian #2 #6
Ultraphrygian
Hungarian Minor
Oriental
Ionian Augmented #2
Locrian bb3 bb7
Major
Double Harmonic
Triads maj = I, II
majb5 = Vb5
min = iii, iv
dim = viio
aug = VI+
Seventh maj7 = Imaj7, IImaj7
minmaj7 = ivmaj7
minbb7 = iiibb7
dom4/2 = VII4/2
dom7b5 = V7b5
augmaj7 = VI+maj7
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More About eventh hords
In case you did not understand some of the seventh chords already presented, let´s review
some basic seventh chord formulas.
Ex. 19
=1 3 5 7 =1 3 5 b7
]M3 ]m3
]m3 ]m3
]M3 ]M3
=1 b3 5 b7 =1 b3 b5 b7
]m3 ]M3
]M3 ]m3
]m3 ]m3
=1 b3 b5 bb7 =1 3 #5 7
]m3 ]m3
]m3 ]M3
]m3 ]M3
=1 b3 5 7 =1 3 #5 b7
]M3 ]D3
]M3 ]M3
]m3 ]M3
=1 b3 b5 7 =1 b3 #5 b7
]A3 ]D3
]m3 ]A3
]m3 ]m3
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Suspended Triads and ther hree Note tructures
Suspended triads are triads in which one member, usually the third, has been raised or
lowered one scale step.
Ex. 20a
Ex. 20b
In example Ex. a the (E) moved one scale step (major scale) up to (F) crea%ng a C suspended
fourth triad. Example Ex. b the (E) moved down to a (D) crea%ng a C suspended second triad.
There are two other types of triads commonly used.
Ex. 21
The (E) of a C major triad is raised a whole step to (F#) to accommodate the #4 of a Lydian scale.
Ex. 22
The Sus b triad is slightly diKerent in that the fourth (F) is raised and the ODh (Gb) is Xa1ed as in
a Locrian scale.
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In reality, certain suspensions such as sus2 or quartal voicing are simply inversions of sus4,
Lydian or Locrian triads. It is because of their dis%nct sounds that have chosen to name them in
rela%on to their actual voicing.
Ex. 23
(Quartal)
Fsus2 is a 1st inversion of Csus4
GQ is a 2nd inversion of Csus4
The Q (Quartal represents a triad containing two perfect fourths.
Ex. 24 =1 4 b7
]P4
]P4
Here are some other symbols to know.
Ex. 25
=1 4 7 =1 #4 7 =1 4 b5 =1 b2 5
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Chord Scales
Major Scale Modes
Scale Degree Mode Rela%on to Major Scale Most Common se
I, Imaj7 Ionian 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Maj7
ii, ii7 Dorian 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 Min7 (nat.6)
iii, iii7 Phrygian 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 Min7, Maj∆/7
IV, IVmaj7 Lydian 1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 Maj7(#11)
V, V7 Mixolydian 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 Dom7
vi, vi7 Aeolian 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 Min7(b6)
viio, vii7b5 Locrian 1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 Min7b5
Melodic Minor Modes
Scale Degree Mode Rela%on to Major Scale Most Common se
i, imaj7 Melodic Minor 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7 Minmaj7
ii, ii7 Dorian b2 1 b2 b3 4 5 6 b7 Min7 sus4b9
+ +maj7
b ,b Lydian Aug. 1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 Maj7#4#5, Maj∆/b6
IV, IV7 Mixolydian #11 1 2 3 #4 5 6 b7 Dom7b5
V, V7 Mixolydian b6 1 2 3 4 5 b6 b7 Dom7b6
vio, vi7b5 Locrian Nat.9 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 Min9b6
viio, vii7b5 Altered Dominant 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 Dom7b9,#9,b5,#5
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Harmonic Minor Modes
Scale Degree Mode Rela%on to Major Scale Most Common se
i, imaj7 Harmonic Minor 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 7 Minmaj7, o∆/b7
iio, ii7b5 Locrian Nat.6 1 b2 b3 4 b5 6 b7 Min7b5
+maj7
b ,b Ionian Aug. 1 2 3 4 #5 6 7 Maj7sus4,#5
iv, iv7 Dorian #11 1 2 b3 #4 5 6 b7 Min7(#11)
V, V7 Phrygian Major 1 b2 3 4 5 b6 b7 Dom7sus4,b9, #5
Vi, Vimaj7 Lydian #9 1 #2 3 #4 5 6 7 Maj7#9,#11, Maj∆/b9
viio, viio7 Altered Dominant bb7 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 bb7 Dimo7
Miscellaneous Scales
Scale Rela%on to Major Scale Most Common se
Tonic Diminished 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 bb7 7 Dim7, Maj∆/b9
Dominant Diminished 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 5 6 b7 Dom13,b9,#9,b5
Whole Tone 1 2 3 #4 #5 b7 Dom7,#5,b5
Augmented 1 #2 3 5 #5 7 Aug∆/7Aug∆
Major Pentatonic 1 2 3 5 6 Maj(6,7)
Minor Pentatonic 1 b3 5 b Min(7,11)
Major Blues 1 2 b3 3 5 6 Dom7, Maj(6,7)
Minor Blues 1 b3 4 b 5 b7 Min7,, Dom7#9
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Chord amilies and heir cales
Major7 Type
Maj(7) Type Rela%on to Major Scale Characteris%cs
Ionian 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 sus4
Lydian 1 2 3 #4 5 6 7 #4 (#11)
Lydian aug 1 2 3 #4 #5 6 7 #4, #5
Ionian aug 1 2 3 4 #5 6 7 sus4, #5
Major Petatonic 1 2 3 5 6 no 4 or 7
Major Blues 1 2 b3 3 5 6 b3, no4 or7
Augmented 1 b3 3 5 #5 7 b3, #5
Minor7 Type
Min(7) Type Rela%on to Major Scale Characteris%cs
Dorian 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 6
Phrygian 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 b2, 5, b6
Aeolian 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 b6
Melodic Minor 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7 6, 7
Dorian b2 1 b2 b3 4 5 6 b7 b2, 6
Harmonic Minor 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 7 b6, 7
Dorian #4 1 2 b3 #4 5 6 b7 #4, 6
Minor Pentatonic 1 b3 4 5 b7 4(11)
Minor Blues 1 b3 4 #4 5 b7 , ,
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Minor7b5 Type
Min(7b5) Type Rela%on to Major Scale Characteris%cs
Locrian 1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 b2, b5
Locrian nat2 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 2, b5
Locrian nat6 1 b2 b3 4 b5 6 b7 b2, b5, 6
Dom7 Type
Dom7 Type Relation to Ma or Scale Characteris%cs
Mixolydian 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 sus4, b
Mixolydian #11 1 2 3 #4 5 6 b7 #4 (b5), b
Mixolydian b6 1 2 3 4 5 b6 b7 sus4, b6 (#5), b
Altered Dominant 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b9, #9, b5, #5
Phrygian Major 1 b2 3 4 5 b6 b7 sus4, #5, 5
Dominant Diminished 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 5 6 b7 b9, #9, b5, 5, 13
Whole Tone 1 2 3 #4 #5 b7 #4, #5
Major Pentatonic 1 2 3 5 6 no 4 or b7
Minor Pentatonic 1 b3 4 5 b7 #9, no b7
Major Blues 1 2 b3 3 5 6 b3, no b7
Minor Blues 1 b3 4 #4 5 b7 #9, sus4, b5
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Diminished Type
Dim Type Rela%on to Major Scale Characteris%cs
Tonic Diminished 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 bb7 7 9, 11, b13, 7
Altered Dominant bb7 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 bb7 b9, 3, b13
Augmented Type
Aug Type Rela%on to Major Scale Characteris%cs
Whole Tone 1 2 3 #4 #5 b7 #4, #5
Augmented 1 #2 3 5 #5 7 #2, 5, #5, 7
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