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Experiment Two probe method
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views7 pagesTwo Probe Method
Experiment Two probe method
Uploaded by
Hemanta UpadhayaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Fig.1: Two Probe Arrangement Two Probe Method for the Resistivit
ly Measurement of High Resistive
Samples (near Insulators) at Different Temperatures, TPX-200
INTRODUCTION
Electrical Resistivity of Materials and its dependence on temperature is one of the
most important characterstic of materials. It provides important information about its
sutucture and possible use in various applications in the field of engineering and technology.
The present set-up is designed to measure the resistivity of highly resistive materials (near
insulators),
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS
1. Probe Arrangement
It has two spring loaded probes, These probes move in
teflon bushs, which ensure a good electrical insulation, The probe arrangement is mounted 72
a suitable stand, which also holds the sample plate and ‘Thermocouple sensor. The
thermocouple is mounted in the sample plates such that iti just below the sample, separated
by a very thin sheet of mica, ‘This ensures the correct measurement of sample temperature,
This stand also serves as a lid of the oven. The leads are provided for connecting the
thermocouple to the controller, and sample to the voltage source and ammeter,
pipes and are insulated by
2. PID-TZ Controlled Oven
‘The unit is a high quality PID controller wherein the temperatures can be set and
controlled easily. The P, I and D parameters are factory set ( P = 1.8, I = 300, D = 80) for
immediate use however the user may adjust these for specific appl
ications as well as auto-
tune the oven whenever required. The steps for these are given i
General Specifications
The controller is designed around Autonics Temperature Controller Model TZN4S.
Although this isa very versatile piece of equipment, below is a summary ofthe specifications
that are relevant to the present application. For more details the reader may refer to the full
catalog of the controller available at www.autonics.com
Temperature Range ‘Ambient to 200°C/600°C
Power Supply 100-240VAC; 50/60Hz
Display Method iar Set value (SV):Green}
Input Sensor ‘Thermocouple (Chromel — Alumel)
Control Method PID, PIDF, PIDS
Display Accuracy 403%
SES Instruments Pvt. Lid, 1PX-200 Poge 7 ‘10 conrwotten oven
no
Ceo) Tenerare
}~—____|
sino ~
cvenseeeor
Swich between e< sane Gomes
e068 0C Oven
[Oven ON-OFF Swen or
2006 Oven
Coven ON-OFF Suite fr |
2000 Oven
‘oven Power tor 6000}
‘Oren
von Power for
1.2000 Oven
sine OnOFF ewer}
Fig.2: Panel Controls Controller Panel
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER C. 1] PV : Display processing value (Red)
4] AT Indicate Autotuning operation
J] AT Koy : Tho modo key to execute
y oO Oo Autotuning funtion
sv
7 oe 6] “YA Setting Key
& 8
Yo) (5) 04) 3] [7] evi indeato event ouput
9 7] OUT: ndiato Output
3] MO Koy : Modo Key
1
5 6
Fig. 3: Front Panel identification of Temperature Controller ‘Setting Type Setting by front push buttons
Proportional Band (P) | Oo 100.0%
“Integral Time (1) 0 10 3600 See
Derivative Time (D) (0.10 3600 See
Control Time (T) 10 120 See
‘Sampling Time 05 See
Seiting (P, 1 & D) Manual / Auto-tuned
Fig.2 on the other page shows the front panel ofthe controller panel for identi
the various keys, indicators and displays.
Controls
(1) OVEN SELECTOR Switch ~ to select between the smaller 200 °C or larger 600 °C
‘ovens. Select 200°C for the small oven used in this experiment.
(2) POWER CONNECTORS ~ a 3-pin round for small 200°C oven and two sockets for
the large 600°C oven
(3) SENSOR CONNECTOR - Common thermocouple input for both ovens
(4) OVEN ON-OFF switches ~ for individual oven with its own indicator
(5) PID TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER ~ for setting, displaying and controlling the
temperature of the oven used. Details shown in Fig.2 above
(© MAINS SWITCH — for connecting the mains power to the unit
2. High Voltage Power Supply, EHT-11
‘This is a fully solid state power supply designed to meet the power requirements of
broad range of applications.
Output : 01500 V continuously adjustable
Current 2 I mA (max.)
Polarity + Negative
Regulation : £0.5°C
Display : 3¥Adigit 7 segment LCD with autopolarity
Input mains + 220V 410%, SOHz
For detailed specifications, and operational instructions please see our manual on ‘High
‘Voltage Power Supply, EHT-11
SES Insruments Pt 1x00 Poged 3. Digital Picoammter, DPM-111
‘This is very versatile and general purpose instrument, The
forthe measurement of current down to IpA.
specially suited
Multiplier + x1, x10, x10, x107, x10%, x10
Accuracy + 0.2% forall ranges
Resolution + IpA, 10pA, 100pA, Ind, 10nA, 100nA
Input resistance 2.5KQ, 0.25KQ, 250, 2.50, 0.250, 0.0250
Display + M4 digit 7 segment LED (12.5mm height) with auto
polarity and decimal indication
Input mains + 220V 410%, SOHz
PACKING LIST
‘Two Probe Arrangement with built in Thermocouple sensor : One
Digital Picoammeter, DPM-111 : One
High Voltage Power Supply, BHT-11 : One
PID Controller Unit, PID-TZ : One
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES:
1. Puta small piece of Al foil on the base plate,
Pull the spring loaded probes upward, insert the ;
Aluminium foil and let them rest on it. Put the
sample on the foil. Again pull the top of one of
the probe and insert the sample below it and let
itrest on it gently. Now one of the probes would
be in contact with upper surface of the sample,
while the other would be with lower surface
‘SAMPLE. arn
through Al foi roa —
2. Connect the leads with amphenol connectors to
Basopia
EHT-11 and Digital Picoammeter. SCHEMATIC
3. Switch “ON” the EHT-11 and Digital
Picoammeter. Please make sure that the EHT-11 is at the 000 position and Digital
Picoammeter at X10° range before these instruments are switched “ON”.
Tnerease the voltage slowly to say 10V and switch the Digital Picoammeter to more
sensitive range till some reading is obtained.
5. In case, there is small reading even at most sensitive range. Increase the voltage of
EHT-1 gradually and take the corresponding readings of current and check for ohm’s
Vv.
law [-T=R ]. This would ensure that the system is working properly,
StS natuments Pt Ud 1200 Page 9 DIGITAL PICOAMMETER HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
Panel Diagram Two Probe Method, TPX-01 6. For taking the reading at different temper
be used.
7. Set the PID Controlled Oven PID-TZ as follows :
© Connect the temp. sensor's 2-pin socket of Two Probe Arrangement and the
oven socket to the PID-TZ..
Gi) In the Controller the upper display would show the
(PV or process value) and the lower dis
oven temperature (SV or set value),
(Gi) Now to set the desired temperature by using the keys <, A and Y, taking
care of the maximum temperature allowed for the oven connected,
(iv) Press MD key to return to the RI
and operated in the usual mann
bbe seen on the upper display
rature settings, PID Controlled Oven should
resent oven temperature
play shows the current setting of the
'UN mode. The oven may now be switched ON
er. The oven temperature at any instant would
‘The PID parameters are already set to a reasonable level (P = 300; D = 80) for
immediate operation ofthe unit. To operate the system one only needs to eee the
desired final temperature as described above,
for additional settings of the controller the user may refer to the detailed manual of
PID Controlled Oven Type PID-TZ supplied with this experiment,
OBSERVATION & CALCULATION
‘S.No. | Temperature Voltage Current P
co) (volts) (a) (ohm
If the area and thickness of the sample are known the resistivity of| ‘sample can be calculated.
PRECAUTIONS
= es
The Set-up is designed for high resistance (MQ to 10° MQ), measurement of low
resistance (
