“MICROMHO’ Static Distance Protection Relay* Complete 3 zone static design including main tripping outputs * Very fast operating speed * Unique polarising system ensures fast operation * Stability unaffected by CVT transients * High measurement accuracy with negligible transient overreach * Eighteen separate measuring eloments, six for each zone * Five basic, in-built, scheme arrangements, selécted by switch * Integral microprocessor-based scheme logic * Suitable for 3 phase or single phase tripping * Very low voltage and current circuit burdens * Mutual compensation provided * Optional built-in earth fault directional comparison scheme to cover high resistance faults ‘MICROMHO' is a static distance protection scheme, specially designed for comprehensive, ultra high speed protection of h.v. and e.h.v. power transmission systems. Three zones of protection are included, each employing separate measuring elements covering each type of phase and earth fault When used with a suitable signalling channel, ‘MICROMHO’ will ensure very rapid clearance of any type of fault within the complete transmission line section, A selection of alternative tripping schemes, in-built as standard, provides great versatility of Operation, simply by the flick of a switch. ‘MICROMHO'’ is the ideal choice for the first main protection system, complemented by ‘Contraphase P10’ Phase Comparison Carrier Protection, described in Publication R-5247, as the second main protection system for the most important transmission lines. Alternatively, ‘MICROMHO' may be 2 “MICROMHO’ used with the static switched distance protective relays types PYTS or PYTC, described in Publication R-6245. These relays have been designed for system voltages up to 220kV, and as second main or back-up protection for highor voltage systems. ‘MICROMHO’ has many facilities available as customer options. The modular system enables most of the options to be provided simply by substituting or by adding extra modules selected from a standard range. These facilities include: * Blocking of Zones 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 under power swing conditions, * Voltage transformer supply supervision to give an alarm and, if required, to block tripping, * Directional comparison earth fault scheme independent of the main scheme logic and providing coverage for earth faults not detected by the Zone 1 distance elements. * Mutual zero sequence ‘compensation for Zone 1 and/or extended Zone 1 and/or Zone 2 when used to protect double ( circuit lines. This has a novel feature to prevent the healthy line relays maloperating for faults in the adjacent feeder. A block schematic diagram of the complete relay is shown in Figure 1. Typical external connections, and a key to the relay modules, are illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. The relay has three independent zones of protection, having circular (mho) characteristics on the R, X plane, as shown in Figure 2. Separate comparators are provided for each type of phase and earth fault. ‘An alternative lenticular (lens-shaped) Zone 3 characteristic is available, with variable aspect ratio, to avoid the problem of load impedance encroaching into the operation zone. This characteristic, shown in Figure 3, is particularly useful where long roach isrequired to provide remote pack-up. ‘The scheme has very fast Zone 1 operating speed, with operation times typically half a cycle including tripping element time. This high speed is coupled with negligible overreach even in the presence of CVT transients, The relay measurement accuracy is extremely high. For Zone 1 the accuracy is better than +5% for system impedance ratios of up to 30, that is, faults down to 2-05V and 21% of rated current, In, For system impedance ratios of 30 to 60 the accuracy is 10%. ‘Synchronous polarising system ‘A.unique synchronous polarising circuit, shown in Figure 4, ensures that the Zone 1 and Zone 2 elements operate down to zero voltage. Specially developed for AMICROMHO; this circuit combines the advantages of partial sound-phase polarising for unbalanced faults and: memory polarising for 3 phase faults, The ial cross-polarising provides a ited expansion of the resistive coverage of the relay for low voltage faults. If greater expansion is required for the Zone 1 earth fault elements, 100% cross-polarising is available as an option. For low voltage 3 phaso faults the synchronous polarising remains in step with the system frequency and ceases after 11 cycles. Overcurrent elements Integral overcurrent units act as a check to prevent any possibility of the comparators maloperating during line de-energisation. The ‘overcurrent units also ensure correct resetting of the faulty phase comparators during single phase auto-reclose dead times, when current in the residual current compensation circuit is present due to load current flow in the two healthy phases. Alternat ing schemes ‘NICROMHO’ is equipped with integral microprocessor-based rt im rr 1 vn a it 1 sangre arene scheme logic which provides five basic tripping schemes, selectable by thumbwheel switches. These are: ™ Basic 3-zone distance * Zone 1 extension “Permissive underreach *Permissive overreach "Blocking scheme Each scheme also provides the choice of 3 phase tripping or single and three-phase tripping. The scheme logic contains the timers for Zone 2 and Zono 3 time delayed tripping, with separate settings for phase and earth faults, 2s well as the necessary timers for the individual tripping schemes, The scheme logic also provides instantaneous clearance of 3 phase close-up solid faults arising when the circuit breaker is closed. This foature is available for power systems having busbar VT's, provided that an auxiliary contact, is available on the circuit breaker. require signalling channelThe relay has integral tripping elements for either 3 phase tripping or single and 3 phase tripping of ‘one oF two breakers, and has repeat contacts available for interfacing with external communications channels or auto-reclose equipment, alarms, feut recorders and fault locators. Fault indication Indications are given by light-emitting diodes which may be reset by a push button on the relay. Power supply The power supply for the relay is a fully isolated d.c./a.c./d.c. unit operating from the station battery supply. Itis continuously rated at maximum output and draws 28W from the station battery supply under normal healthy conditions. An electro-mechanical indicator is provided to give indication that the output from the power supply is healthy, while an alarm contact gives rémote warning of the failure of the supply. Reach setting Setting the distance reach of the relay is carried out by means of switches on the front panel. For Zone 1 there are separate sottings for phase fault and earth fault elements, the total range of setting of a 1A relay being from 0:2 to 240 ‘ohms in 22% steps. For a 5A relay the range is 0:04 to 48 ohms. Separate characteristic angle settings are provided for phase setting, residual compensation and (where fitted) mutual compensation, each with a range of 85° to 60° in 5° steps. ZONESMonitoring facility For ease of commissioning, the scheme logic module has thumbwheel switch positions which enable the state of the various internal signals in the scheme to be monitored by means of the light emitting diodes of the indications module. Other switch positions enable the tripping ‘elements to be operated when a push button is pressed, to check the integrity of the tripping circuits Visual and remote alarms are given when the scheme logic is in 2 monitoring mode, to prevent the switches being left accidentally in any of the test positions, The monitoring facility also aids fault finding should this ever be necessary, and in conjunction with a special extender card, enables a faulty module to be identified with the minimum of test equipment. No recalibration is required when a faulty module is replaced. A range of standard modules is available as spares for all the different ratings and options. The relay has a self-monitoring feature which gives remote warning of failure of the output from the power supply. The same alarm circuit monitors certain other critical internal signals in the relay and gives warning of failure by closing a reed relay contact. THREE PHASE INPUTS PROPORTIONAL TO. UNE VOLTAGES Ve SHIT RecisTen on Ve SHIT Recisten ra Vom cock Putses: Pole recency = 252 stu power eyster frequency Ratings A.C. Voltage (Vn): AC. Current (In): Frequency D.C. Supply (Vx) Burdens A.C. voltage circuits: A, current circuits: D.C. Supply: Setting ranges Distance measurement: Overall range, all zones Coarse settings, all zones MauoRITy SyNichRONOUS POLARISING. ourPur VOLTAGES Ms SH REGISTER (17 Gyles Delay) ve 100V to 120V rm.s. phase-phase 1A or 5A cm.s. per phase S0Hz or 60Hz 48/54V, 110/125V or 220/250V. Tolerance +10% —20% of rated value Less than 0-1VA, 0-4pf per phase at 63-5V phase to neutral 1A relay: 0-27VA per phase SA relay: 1-1VA per phase (with balanced three phase rated current) 60W under tripping conditions 28W under standby conditions 1A relay: 0:2 ohms to 240 ohms BA relay: 0:04 ohms to 48 ohms 1A relay: 0:2 ohms to 48 ohms in 0-2 ohm steps BA relay: 0:04 ohms to 0-96 ohms, in 0:04 ohm stepsFine settings Zone 1: 1 to 9:98 in 0-02 steps Zone 2: 1 to 9-98 in 0-02 steps (multiples of coarse settings) Zone 3: 1 to 9-9 in 0-1 steps Zone 3 offset: zero, 0-25, 0-5, 1, 2. NOTE: These settings can be further adjusted by an additional multiplier with 1x and 5x settings, Extended Zone 1: 1x to 2x normal Zone 1 in 0-02 steps Power swing blocking cha (multiples of coarse distance setting) settings, Residual compensation: Forward reach: 1 to 99 in 0-1 steps teristic: Reverse reach: 1 to 9-9 in 0-1 steps NOTE: These settings can be further adjusted by an additional multiplier with 1x, 2x, 5x and 10x 1A relay: 0-02 ohms to 6-98 ohms In 0-02 ohm steps 5A relay: 0:004 ohms to 1.198 ohms in'0-004 ohms steps. Mutual compensation: Where fitted the ranges are as quoted above for residual compensation but with maxima of 3-98 ohms (1A) and 0:796 ohms (5A). Characteristic angle: Phase: 85° to 60° in &° steps Residual: 85° to 60° in 5° steps 85¢ to 60° in 5° steps. Mutual (where fitted) Lenticular aspect ratio: = £ wc ee | & esa) g | 8 1 | ot 7 | (2) With systom impedance rat = A E = 2 2 a 5 i [ 003 30a) 8) @) 70a 9) 100 FAULT POSITION (b) With system Impedance ratio of 30/1 For Zone 3 and power swing blocking: 0-47, 058, 0:70, 0-84 and 1.0. (setting of 1-0 gives circular characteristic) 700 FAULT POSITION {emelay Soting) (Ge Reley Setting(OPERATION TIME (ns) OPERATION TIME (ns) (OPERATION TIME il (OPERATION TMi oa #0 #0 5 60 70 #30 100 (a) With system impedance ratio of 1/1 esane eras: iis ian 010 2 30 a G0 0 70 a0 90 100 {b} With system impedance ratio of 30/1 «| af | - aa rol IN 020 3 a 50 e070 (@) With system impedance ratio of 1/1 Iwan! a [ 0 10 a 9 4 5 60 70 8 9 (b) With system impedence ratio of 30/1 FAULT POSITION (Geely Sting) FAULT POSITION (Oe Relay Setting) BOBO Too FAULT POSTION (eRe Sting) 700 FAULTPOSITION (GeRelay Seting)108, 100 io SF a: gS B 95 lo feo Joo sovours. (a) Phaoe-earth fouls 1085, 5 a 100 gh Bs jas Jas Ja — hoo vorrs £2 gs 2 ss (0) Phaso-phaso fuls 105 - 7 109 8 aa xo Jeo fo vous z os ( (©), Three phase-earth faut Time delays: Operating time Typical operating time characteristics Polarising Zone 1 earth fault units: Zone 1 phase fault units and Zone 2 units: ‘Synchronous polar Directional sensitivity without synchronous polarising: Zone 2: 0 to 2-56s in 10ms steps Zone 3: 0 to -1s in 20ms steps Both zone times separately adlustable for phase and earth faults. are shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7. Choice of full or partial (16%) sound phase cross-polarising Partial (16%) sound phase cross-polarising Effective on Zone 1 and Zone 2 elements, for 11 cycles, for 3 phasé: close-up faults 1% of nominal voltage for 3 phase faultsSynchronous polarising tracks: Accuracy Zone 1 reach: Zone 2 reach: Zone 3 forward reach: Ambient temperature range Operative range Overload ratings A.C. voltage: AC. curre Contacts Contact ratings Thyristor trip outputs Reed relay alarms (normally open) Reed relay alarms: (normally closed) Miniature relay outputs Insulation Insulation test as per IEC 256-5, series C, 2kV 50/60Hz for one Impulse test withstand With rate of change of up to 6H2/s over range 42Hz to 56Hz (50Hz nominal) or 52Hz to 66Hz (60Hz nominal) 5% up to a aystem impedance ratio of 30, as shown in Figure 8. £10% up to an S.LR. of 60 with the relay set up to 4-8 ohms (1A relay) or 0:96 ohms (5A relay) 10% up to an S.LR, of 60 +10% up to an S.LR. of 60 20°C to +65°C Withstands 1-5Vn continuously 2-6Vn for 10s, Withstands 3 In continuously 100 In for 1s Shown in figure 9. Make and carry 304 for 0-5s with maximum 300V d.c. Carry 2A d.c. continuously (with thyristor gating pulses removed. Broak ~ not applicable. Make, carry and break 35VA with maxima of 24 and 300V, ac. ord.c. Make, carry and break 20VA with maxima of 1-54 and 300V, a.c.ord.c. Make and carry 7500VA for 0-258 with maxima of 30A and 300V, a.c. or dc. Carry continuously 5A a.c. or dc. Break 1250VA a.c. or SOW dc. resistive or 25W dc. inductive, with maxima of 5A and 300V. inute, Impulse test as per IEC 256-4, Appendix E, Class Il, SkV 1-2/50us, 05 joule. Interference test withstand Interference test as per IEC 255-6, Appendix C, Class Il, MHz, 1kV peak transverse mode, 2-5kV peak longitudinal mode, decaying to 3 value in 3 to 6 cycles. Repetition rate 400 per second.G7. Requirements casi 1 housed in The CT's should have a minimum knee point output voltage Vkdefined as: merfubnsiiy seespted 483mm x cases, suitable for rack or panel Varte (14% 2p Rer Re) mounting. Flush panel mounted ul relays may be adapted for semi-projecting mounting using a Where Jy=The maximum fault current atthe relay zone 1 reach point in Specialy developed collar, see secondary terms Figure 10a. X= primary system ratio The cases are finished in black with R module front plates and frames for en i the glazed front covers in satin a meee eaten finished anodised aluminium alloy. Rer=CT internal resistance in secondary terms onal naa Ry =lead resistance from CT's to relay ORD (lead and return for earth faults, lead only Nominal current rating — 1 or 6A ‘for phase faults) . Nominal voltage rating — 100V, : MOV, 118V or 120V oO The following table gives the value of Z, Frequency ~'50 Hz or 60 Hz a = a | Voltage of d.c. supply — 48/54v, tarek earth faults 110/125V or 220/250V | relay Tripping — single/three phase or Phase faults : three phase earth faults Zone 3 characteristic — circular or BA relay lenticular phase faults Optional features required blocking mode feature voltage transformer supervision power swing blocking i : autual compensation 5A relay earth faults | Z,=0.043 ohm <8? | directional earth fault 7 Mounting arrangement — rack, flush panel or semi-projecting panel. ' TA relay earth faults 220.27 ohm Lg | Advice on applications is available ‘when the information requested above is difficult to specify Requests for advice should include the following detail Voltage transformer ratio Current transformer ratio Positive and zero sequence impedances of the protected feeder or full details of feeder lengt! and construction Source impedances or fault levels for both minimum and maximum plant conditions. | SArelay =| -—earth faults Z,=0.005 ohm [8°foaalas Fie “et kee a| |" ‘enemas c t 7 ats ' r | | | H | | | ' | ' | ' ' | | i, 1 1 f { | | - tt | | t ‘ I 1 lo t 4 17 | PWT? | | / | | | | 1 1 | ! KF F ' ' | \ Fe | | ~ Tawar | —— aa | ee al Mode Modis | “Module | Module: Z Position ‘Module Function Position Raferonce | (Mociule Function ies i : = oe eee | ‘impedance sting i | a Static tripping 1. Praca | sialimpadac wotog NOTICE TO USERS OF GEC MEAS{ ry ne sn MOLTSMODOLAWEGUIBMENE ENT? |] RES | ie iy et S| mas) cea rman coat wih heMMOOS Son ot | tah | ear S | te | Rirerentlmnalcuresacots treater’ - | | 3 | Rast | Seetsaaer ton a mes |, Ablack oneal! weaimars wil replace inepe Zone 3 sting enti {fin Shohy aero fing sarap ne Bean elles | zone etn ett) | | ‘August 1994 wil be supplied with revised coce Sesigns, | xf | | | ! arloped forpanel mounted dstns, what forreck” =; ye | Raver | tnelconeer 3 | Robes Rowers {eunted eauipments of 3 ters and shove, Ne number | i | fawveg | tel dcr BD noc) Penman eeenats geek thing ois nae baen changed. | 12 | Maree | tear | Mnion Reed rey tt outlines, please contact the Comets Deparment, at | 'ReLoT | tutoupt expr 1 B® | ve AC vonage | Roce | pope poner 2 S| reoe | ACaurentinpt [oe CLOG | Microprocessor | 32 _2RBOt_—Aurliry component box trout on or | | oa | Lee iy Sommer ©urpolicyis one of continuous product development and the rightisreserved to supply equipment which may vary slightly from that described, GEC Measurements the cenovaiEtectric company p.ic. of England St. Leonards Works Stafford ST17 4LX England Telephone: 0785 3251 Telex: 36240 Cables: Measurements Stafford Telox Publication R-5406B ‘10100 A Pinta Engin