AGRICULTURE RECIPROCATING SPRAYER

ABSTRACT
In agricultural sector generally farmer uses traditional way that is spray carried on backpack and
spraying crop. This becomes time consuming, costly and human fatigue is major concern, these
problems can be overcome by using agricultural reciprocating multi sprayer. It facilitates uniform spread
of the chemicals, capable of throwing chemicals at the desired level, precision made nozzle tip for
adjustable stream and capable of throwing foggy spray depending on requirement. In our project we
use slider crank mechanism to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion to operate the pump,
thus the pesticide is spread through the nozzle. This work gives continuously flow of pesticide at
required pressure and height. A special arrangement is implemented in this project to adjust the
pressure as high or low. We also use a weed cuter in our model for removing unwanted plants. By using
agricultural sprayer, spraying time and weeding time, human efforts reduces and results in cost
reduction.

Keywords: Cost, Nozzles, Pump, Spraying time, Weed cutter.

I. INTRODUCTION Generally farmer uses traditional way that is spray carried on backpack and
spraying crop this becomes time consuming, costly and human fatigue is major concern. Present day in
agriculture the sprayers play an important role in spraying pesticide. Although sprayers varies like
motorized, hand operated. Spraying pesticide is an important process in farming. Now days, there are
many types of pesticide sprayer already in market. For the different types of pesticide sprayer there are
have a different shapes, sizes, method to carry it but the function are same. The current idea on sprayer
in our project is to utilize effectively for reducing time of spraying, human efforts and cost of spraying.
The conventional sprayer having some difficulties such as it needs lot of effort to push the liver up and
down in order to create the pressure to spray. Another difficulty of petrol sprayer is to need to purchase
the fuel which increases the running cost of the sprayer; it produces more vibrations and noise that
irritates the farmer and he refuse to do such work repeatedly. In order to overcome these difficulties,
we have proposed a wheel driven sprayer, it is a portable device and no need of any fuel to operate,
which is easy to move and sprays the pesticide by moving the wheel. The mechanism involve in this
sprayer is reciprocating pump, and nozzles which were connected at the front end of the spraying
equipment. A special arrangement is implemented for adjusting the pressure as low and high with the
help of adjusting the nut. Also the weeding is done by this equipment. In Agricultural sector use of cheap
and beneficial equipment for effective weeding and spraying for increase productivity which is very
important for better contribution for India’s GDP. We have to make economic machineries so farmers
can purchase it as per capital income of our country’s farmers are low and our country per capital
income is low that of compared to other country as our country is developing country. Present scenario
in agricultural field in India related to sprayer is that farmers are using hand operated sprayer or
motorized sprayer. According to idea in our project we are making a small agricultural reciprocating
multi sprayer which is mechanically operated by a slider crank mechanism. One vertical arm is attached
at in front of cycle and one horizontal arm at top of the vertical arm. Nozzles are fitted to this arm so
that it can spray pesticide both the sides. As more no of nozzle are there hence spraying is done rapidly
and time and money is saved.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The second type of spray pump used is fuel operated spray pump, which is heavier than hand operated
backpack pump. This type of pump is running on petrol engine. We know that petrol is one of the costly
fuel. Also the pump produces more vibrations which is hazardous to users back muscles, these pump
makes unwanted noise.

III. SCOPE
Now days the spraying of crop is done by operator taking pump on back, but we were developing this
conventional spraying for reducing efforts and time by using slider crank mechanism and motion
transmission by chain and sprocket arrangement principles.

IV. CONSTRUCTION
The main components of agricultural reciprocating multi sprayer are as follows: 4.1 Sprockets The
name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing
over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs
from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. We use freewheel and chain wheel
for chain and sprocket arrangement. 4.2 Chain The chain is made of steel which is used to transmit
power from gear sprocket to pinion sprocket, and it has a no sleep.

4.3 Crank
The function of crank is to transfer motion from prime mover to the connecting rod for further
operation. Here the circular disc having eccentricity at which rotary motion of crank is converted into
reciprocating/linear motion of connecting rod. 4.4 Connecting rod The main function of connecting rod
is to convert rotary motion into reciprocating/linear motion. Here connecting rod convert rotary motion
of crank to reciprocating motion of pump and extension rod. 4.5 Pump It consist of piston and cylinder
arrangement, it has a lever to operate the motion of piston in reciprocating dierction. The pump
generates the pressure of 2 bar and discharge of 2 lpm. 4.6 Nozzle It is a device which converts the
pressure energy of fluid into kinetic energy, spray nozzle is a precision device that facilitates dispersion
of liquid into a spray. Nozzle is used for purpose to distribute a liquid over an area. 4.7 Wheel Wheel is
used to carry the whole assembly and move machine from one place to another by rotary motion of it. A
bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle. Bicycle wheel is designed
to fit into the frame and fork via drop outs, and hold bicycle tyre. A typical modern wheel has a hub,
wire tension spokes and a metal or carbon fiber rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire. We use a
tubeless tire wheel. 4.8 Frame The main function of frame is to carry whole assembly on it so it has to be
strong enough to hold it. The frame is made of square pipe and it is formed out of mild steel. 4.9 Tank
We want our tank to carry as much fluid as it can be along with its self weight as less as possible. We
have taken a tank which is almost 16 liter capacity. A material for tank used is plastic fiber. Plastic fiber is
very low in weight as compared to other materials. It also has very low cost.

V. WORKING PRINCIPAL:
Motion transmission by chain and sprockets arrangement. Slider crank mechanism. Rotary motion
converted into reciprocating motion.

Fig.5.1. agricultural reciprocating multi-sprayer

Above figure shows the assembly of the agricultural reciprocating multi sprayer. The operator grabs the
handle and pushes the cycle forward as cycle moves forward, the wheel rotate. When the wheel rotates
then the gear sprocket mounted on wheel is also rotate at same speed. The chain drive transfers the
motion of gear sprocket to pinion sprocket. The pinion sprocket and crank is mounted on either side of
same shaft, the rotary motion of shaft is converted into the reciprocating motion with the help of crank
and connecting rod mechanism. The connecting rod is also connected with lever and then the lever
oscillates at fulcrum. The piston connected at fulcrum produce reciprocating motion in cylinder and the
required pressure is achieved. The pesticide from tank sucks in cylinder and piston forced the pesticide
to nozzle through the pipe; the numbers of nozzles are connected to spray the pesticide. We can adjust
the pressure, which is required for spraying with the help of special arrangement is to change the length
of crank by providing slot on crank. By providing some adjustment at joint of connecting rod and lever
free rotation of crank or neutral position can be achieved. Using these adjustments pumping is stop
andthe wheel rotate freely when you need not spray pesticide. Height, position and angle of the nozzle
can be adjustable.