Guitar Tube Amplifier - Building The - Tone Frenzy - Amp PDF
Guitar Tube Amplifier - Building The - Tone Frenzy - Amp PDF
Our good friend Jeff D. is a regular at Torres transformer to take the load off of the original
Engineering and has the great “Tone Frenzy” web champ power transformer filament winding.
page (http://www.tonefrenzy.com) dedicated to
getting “the tone.” The complete amp project uses a power
transformer with enough current capacity for
We are always looking at and testing real all the tubes, filaments and rectifier tube.
interesting/unusual guitars and effects Jeff brings
in to the shop. Also hefty 1 x 6L6 output transformers of the
correct primary impedance, and capable of
Jeff also has a couple of Torres Engineering driving an 8 ohm 10" speaker in stead of the
Prototype amps including the world famous now-overpowered 8" champ speaker.
“mini-Dual Marshall” and the “Tone Frenzy
Champ Amp” described here. Of course all this doesn’t fit!! Adding two
12AX7 tubes to the chassis and such, plus
The latest project was a relatively ill Fender transformers (filament, reverb, and new output
Champ amp. Since it was in rough condition we about 3 times as large), and fitting it all back
decided to get some good stuff going in it and into the champ cabinet is a real 3 dimensional
Jeff wanted to develop the ultimate single ended design project, we won’t go into all that, but will
rock amp at a non-bankruptcy price. build a new amp from scratch taking all design
considerations into mind, and making still more
First we added a real tube reverb circuit, improvements.
complete with extra tubes, transformer and 3
spring reverb tank. Check out the block diagram. I’ll go through
each of the stages in the process of building a
Next it was an extra gain stage for some full-on complete single ended 8 to 10 watt amp with
overdrive and sustain. reverb and killer “Tone Frenzy tone.”
After all that sounded perfect, Jeff wanted to step Input of the amp is to the extra gain stage. It has
the power up from the single ended 6V6 to a 6L6 its own volume, and outputs to a switch jack
- cool! that allows you to bypass it and plug into the
“normal” fender style preamp.
One of these mods can be done to the amp fairly
easily, but when you get to adding multiple tubes The preamp is modified a bit to get a fuller,
for a reverb, increasing the filament string current warmer tone, and better frequency response
requirements, needing more power trans current, when used with a better power supply and high
and then mis-matching the output transformer, quality (higher than the original Fender) output
the project gets more complex. transformer.
To make it a dependable amp, and get the last A complete reverb circuit is next - reverb circuit
ounce of performance from the amp, all the are actually in parallel with the main amp circuit,
design factors have to be accounted for. and are actually a little amplifier driving the
reverb springs.
The Champs ended up with an auxiliary filament
This is a free project. There is no tech help available unless the kit has been purchased from Torres Engineering Page 1
A new driver circuit using both sides of a tube in The Tone Frenzy amp is designed to be a
parallel is used to get more current drive to the professional level amp with very low noise and
power tube. no apparent ripple sneaking into the audio signal
from the power supply.
A single stage of a 12AX7 as found in the champ
is somewhat underpowered and incapable of Adding an extra stage of filter capacitance,
really driving a 6L6 with enough “voltage swing” separated from the rectifier by a low value
to make the tube come to life. resistor reduces the power supply ripple by a
factor of over 100 -(see "Inside Tube Amps" by
The 6L6 is wired in pentode for the most output Dan Torres for full details on the math and
power. It would also be possible to use a high ripple reduction).
end audiophile ultra-linear single ended air gap
transformer for lots and lots of clean power from So take a look at the drawing for the added filter
the amp. I certainly will try that on the completed cap and resistor.
model.
This power supply also feature a "turn on" cap at
A whole new power supply is designed for this the output of the rectifier tube. A .1 mfd 600V
amp. Single ended amps do not have the benefit metal film cap (we have them custom made just
of hum cancelling that push-pull amps have. for this purpose.) This cap keeps the rectifier
Some degree of hum exists in the very simple tube from seeing an open circuit when turned on
champ power supply circuit. This is completely with the standby switch open.
eliminated for a professional quality low noise
amp. Since voltages are fairly low for a single ended
amplifier, filter caps in series, as found on other
One of the difficulties with single-ended amps, higher voltage push pull amps, are not
those using only one power tube, is the loss of the necessary.
"humbucking effect" from two power tubes in
push pull. This push-pull humbucking effect The first 47 mfd filter cap (rated for 450 volts)
reduces the hum in the amp (called "ripple") has a 100k resistor in parallel with it. This
quite a bit, making it easier to design the DC resistor is a "capacitor bleed" resistor. It will
power supply for the amplifier. bleed off the stored cap voltages when the amp
is turned off.
Without the noise reduction of push-pull, many
(almost all) vintage single ended amps have At 100k it adds a bit of regulation to the power
noticeable residual hum in their power supplies supply - helps it remain more stable. 50k would
and in the audio signal. add more regulation but would have to be a 5 or
10 watt resistor and would also bleed off some
After all, these were designed as cheap amps. of the B+ voltage.
Low cost for practice or beginners, not at all for
the uses we put them to today - recording, high The second 47 mfd cap (450V) is the first node
gain, higher expectations in performance etc. of the power supply - called B+1. From there
the power supply is pretty standard single ended
It is fairly easy to reduce the ripple of the power vintage amp.
supply, but it was not considered in the design of
the vintage amps. The second resistor, a 1k 1 watt could be
replaced by a choke for a smoother sounding
This is a free project. There is no tech help available unless the kit has been purchased from Torres Engineering Page 2
amp with higher voltages appearing down the the gain to provide more of a “tube screamer”
power supply. The final version of the amp will, subtle “push” effect with lots of compression,
most likely, include a choke. low noise and clarity. (Feedback reduces noise.)
When building the amp new, the old fashioned The 500k pot at the output of the first stage
Fender one piece "can caps" won't be used - a controls the amount of added gain from the
separate power supply board is used to extra circuit.
accommodate the individual capacitors.
This feeds into another input jack (#2) with a
This amp has a modern preamp with a full tone switch. The switch disconnects the overdrive
circuit, single ended 6L6 tube instead of a 6V6 stage when you plug into jack #2 for a clean
for more power, plus an extra overdrive stage, tone - easy, not a new idea. This type of circuit
and a full tube/transformer driven reverb - a very is found on many amps back to the 1970's,
cool and versatile amp. boogie, Marshall etc.
Pint to point eyelet circuit boards are available Following Jack #2 is a fairly standard Fender
Torres Engineering, as well as a kit for the entire amp tone circuit comprising two more stages of
“Tone Frenzy Amp.” a 12AX7 tube. There are changes in the tone
control circuit (called the “tone stack” by some)
Ok, take a look at the preamp circuit. and in the tube gain stages to adapt the
frequency response for the single ended 6L6
This isn’t a super complex circuit, but it has a tube and to modify the overall tone so the “Tone
few “twists” of interest, and the high gain and Frenzy amp” sounds like it is a 30 year old
high performance will require top quality classic Fender.
assembly and materials.
A modified reverb circuit is inserted right after
Take a look at the schematic for the details of the the tone control recover stage. This reverb
preamp circuit. circuit is modified to have the reverb effect
cover a wider frequency range and the input
Input is pretty normal with a grid load resistor dwell to the reverb driver tube (specified as a
and into the first stage - half of a 12AX7 tube. 12AT7) is slightly reduced for better application
in a high gain amplifier.
This is the overdrive stage. Plugging into its jack
provides an extra stage of gain to “push” the rest Reverb return comes back to the circuit using
of the preamp into pleasing tube distortion with the Reverb pot as the following stage’s grid load
lots of sustain. resistor.
The “trick” here is the local feedback1 shown as a Overall, a circuit that will work beautifully if
.1 mfd. capacitor and 10 meg resistor going from attention to detail and layout are done correctly.
the input of the tube stage to the output. Instead
of blasting hard-to-control overdrive typical of This is the final section of the amp, the driver
1970's designs, this local feedback circuit lowers and power tube.
1
Not to be confused with the squeal feedback of a This is a fairly easy part of the project, the final
microphone. This is signal feedback designed to lower the schematic is included with all the power supply
gain of the input by sending some of the output back to the connections and entire amp shown.
input out of phase to reduce gain
This is a free project. There is no tech help available unless the kit has been purchased from Torres Engineering Page 3
The “driver” is a 12AT7 tube, wired with both Place your VOM meter red lead at the tube side
stages in parallel for more current capacity and a of the 1 ohm resistor, and the black lead at the
stronger drive to the 6L6 power tube. cathode resistor side of the same 1 ohm resistor.
You must have clips on the meter leads to be
(Class A tubes require considerably more drive sure you don’t get a shock.
than the standard Class AB amps. A 6L6 in class
A requires much more drive than a 6V6 to really Notice: this kind of work requires the amp to
get the tube working right.) be on. You must be experienced and trained
in working with high voltages and current,
The cathode bias resistor for the 12AT7 may and knowledgeable of the dangers and
need to be adjusted a bit to get 2.5 ma current concerns in doing this kind of work. If you do
draw for the tube. A one ohm (1 ohm) resistor is not have the correct experience and verified
installed in the cathode circuit of the 12AT7. The training, do not work on any kind of
current converted to milliVOLTS can be read electronic device when it is turned on.
across this resistor with your VOM meter. If the
current draw is too high, use a larger resistor (1k The current draw of the tube can be read on
for example.) If the current draw is too low, use a your VOM meter in millivolts. The single ended
lower value resistor (680 ohm for example.) Class A 6L6 should draw between 40 and 53 ma
(mv) adjust the cathode bias resistor (5 watt
12AT7 tubes vary considerably in response so minimum, 10 watt suggested) to get as close as
this adjustment may be necessary. possible to this current reading.
The 8 pin 6L6 tube is next, with drive at the You can adjust the required current if you have
control grid from the 12AT7 plate to a 250k slightly higher or lower plate voltages by
master volume which acts as the plate load consulting the bias charts found in “Inside Tube
resistor for the 6V6 (can not be left out. If you do Amps” by Dan Torres
not wish to have a master volume. Replace the
pot with a 220K 1W resistor. The new 6L6 sounds very, very good at 50 ma
in this amp design.
This is a cathode biased output. Contrary to
popular (internet) knowledge, cathode bias amps The output transformer is rated for about 15
can and do need to have the bias adjusted. watts to be sure it has sufficient headroom.
Primary impedance is best at 4.1k to 4.2k for a 4
The process is fairly simple. Again, a one ohm or 8 ohm load. The transformer specified on the
resistor in installed in the cathode circuit. schematic has both output impedances available.
The current draw of the tube (milliamperes - ma) Copyright ©® Dan Torres 2004
can be read at this resistor. The resistor all rights reserved.
automatically converts the current into a voltage May not be reproduced in any media existing
figure. now or to exist in the future.
For one time personal use only.
The plate voltage using the specified transformer, Revised Wednesday, September 15, 2004
is about 330 volts with the 5V4 rectifier tube
specified.
This is a free project. There is no tech help available unless the kit has been purchased from Torres Engineering Page 4
The Tone Frenzy Amp Block Diagram
extra gain
2 switch stage Input preamp single ended single ended output transformer
tone circuit
1 switch
1
volume
preamp volume
driver circuit power tube speaker
volume
reverb circuit
5 9 9
6 FIL FIL
7 12AX7
4 12AT7 7
8
1 7
8
1
200 ohm
8 6 6
12AU7 2 2
3 3 3
5751
1
pilot light 2 12AY7 etc. FIL FIL
4 &5 4 &5
green (usually) from power; transformer actually the wires should be twisted around each other
Preamp tube filaments are pin 9 and pins 4 and 5 - pins 4 & 5 are connected together
Drawing By Dan Torres
yellow DANGER
CAUTION
300 - 400
VOLTS
Copyright C Dan Torres
DANGER
HIGH
VO LTAG E
5 Volt
Protected by International Copyright laws.
power filament
fuse switch yellow
black
power transformer
red 8
high volt B+ 6
green center red/yellow
tap
secondary 4
5V4
2
white red
primary 6.3 V olt
rectifier tube
rectifier tube
green
100 ohm
hum to all tube heaters
balance green
2.2k
+
12AT7 parallel
B+1
4 or 8 ohms
4100 to 4200 ohm
primary resistance
for 6L6 tube
+
Bass 820 ohm 1 ohm
+
2.2k (bias?)
+
+
Ground 1.8k mid 25k 1.8k 470K
100 mfd .003 Torres optional 22 mfd 22 mfd
22 mfd 22 mfd 250k reverb pot Bias?
yellow 100K POT 470 ohm?
3A recitfier tube 5V4 250k treble and bass B+3 B+
5 Volt
black Ground
8 output 100K
high volt B+ red 6
blu grn .003
green center
tap
red/yellow
.001
secondary 4 2
red V4A
white primary rectifier tube 1+6 220K
6.3 V olt
rectifier tube
2+7 reverb
TH-270DX green to all tube heaters
red blk springs
DANGER Drawing By Dan Torres DANGER
3+8
CAUTION HIGH
+
10 ohm 1k 4.7k 22k reverb transformer 1.5K
.1 22 MFD
standby 10W 1W 1W 1W 22 MFD
600V
Parts ID legend
M = meg (as in 1 M)
K = 1000 ohms as in 100k Tone Frenzy Amp Layout
W1 = 1 watt
W2 = 2 watt
W5 = 5 watt
No ID on resistors = 1/2 watt
MFD = microfarad switch switch
mfd mfd
450V mfd mfd
B+3 B+4 22k
450V 450V 100V 5W B+4
10
W1 .1
.0
0
.02 .01 m
k
4.7k .003 2
47
0k
470k 500 pf .033 fd
K
10
1 ohm W2 .001 220k
B+3 100k
B+1 B+2 100k .1 mfd
100k 680k
10 watt
10 ohm
FIL
FIL FIL FIL
5 8 8 8 8
7
6 7 1 7 1 7 1 1
6 6 6 6 2
7 2 2 2 3
4 3 3 3
8 FIL
FIL FIL FIL
3
1
2
DANGER Drawing By Dan Torres DANGER
CAUTION HIGH
300 - 400 Copyright C Dan Torres 2001 VOLTAGE
VOLTS
Parts ID legend
M = meg (as in 1 M)
K = 1000 ohms as in 100k Tone Frenzy Amp Layout
W1 = 1 watt
Black Ground wires
W2 = 2 watt
W5 = 5 watt
No ID on resistors = 1/2 watt
MFD = microfarad switch switch
mfd mfd
450V mfd mfd
B+3 B+4 22k
450V 450V 100V 5W B+4
10
W1 .1
.0
0
.02 .01 m
k
4.7k .003 2
47
0k
470k 500 pf .033 fd
K
10
1 ohm W2 .001 220k
B+3 100k
B+1 B+2 100k .1 mfd
100k 680k
10 watt
10 ohm
FIL
FIL FIL FIL
5 8 8 8 8
7
6 7 1 7 1 7 1 1
6 6 6 6 2
7 2 2 2 3
4 3 3 3
8 FIL
FIL FIL FIL
3
1
2
DANGER Drawing By Dan Torres DANGER
CAUTION HIGH
300 - 400 Copyright C Dan Torres 2001 VOLTAGE
VOLTS
Parts ID legend
M = meg (as in 1 M)
K = 1000 ohms as in 100k Tone Frenzy Amp Layout
W1 = 1 watt
W2 = 2 watt
W5 = 5 watt
No ID on resistors = 1/2 watt
MFD = microfarad switch switch
mfd mfd
450V mfd mfd
B+3 B+4 22k
450V 450V 100V 5W B+4
10
W1 .1
.0
0k
.02 .01 m
4.7k .003 2
47
0k
470k 500 pf .033 fd
K
10
1 ohm W2 .001 220k
B+3 100k
B+1 B+2 100k .1 mfd
100k 680k
10 watt
10 ohm
V3-6 V3-1 V1-6 V1-1
FIL
FIL FIL FIL
V4 1 & 6
5 8 8 8 8
7
6 7 1 7 1 7 1 1
6 6 6 6
2
7 2 2 2 3
4 3 3 3
6L6 8 FIL
FIL FIL FIL
3 V2 1 & 6
12AT7 12AT7 12AX7
12AX7
2 1
reverb trans blue wire
Parts ID legend
M = meg (as in 1 M)
K = 1000 ohms as in 100k Tone Frenzy Amp Layout
W1 = 1 watt
W2 = 2 watt
W5 = 5 watt
No ID on resistors = 1/2 watt
MFD = microfarad switch switch
mfd mfd
450V mfd mfd
B+3 B+4 22k
450V 450V 100V 5W B+4
10
W1 .1
.0
0
.02 .01 m
k
4.7k .003 2
47
0k
470k 500 pf .033 fd
K
10
1 ohm W2 .001 220k
B+3 100k
B+1 B+2 100k .1 mfd
100k 680k
10 watt
10 ohm green
V3 pin 8 green V1-8 green
V4 pin 3 & 8
FIL
FIL FIL FILV2 pin 3 & 8
green 8
5 green 8 8 8 7
6 7 1 7 1 V3-3 green 7 1 1
6
7 6L6 pin 8 6 2 6 2 6 2 2
3 3 3 3
4
6L6 8 FIL
FIL FIL FIL V1-3 green
3 12AX7
12AT7 12AX7 12AT7
1
2
DANGER Drawing By Dan Torres DANGER
CAUTION HIGH
300 - 400 Copyright C Dan Torres 2001 VOLTAGE
VOLTS
Parts ID legend
M = meg (as in 1 M)
K = 1000 ohms as in 100k
W1 = 1 watt
Tone Frenzy Amp Layout
W2 = 2 watt pot ground bus - black wire
W5 = 5 watt
No ID on resistors = 1/2 watt reverb 100k midrange 25k
master 250k bass 250k treble 250k
MFD = microfarad switch switch
h ite
1k W1 22 mfd 470k 330k 1.8k
47 22 470 22 mfd
le W
47 22 ohm 450V 22 pf 1 meg
100k W1
mfd mfd
b
Tre
450V mfd mfd
B+3 B+4 22k
450V 450V 100V 5W B+4
10
W1 .1
.0
0k
.02 .01 m
4.7k .003 2
47
0k
470k 500 pf .033 fd
K
10
1 ohm W2 .001 220k
B+3 100k
B+1 B+2 100k .1 mfd
100k 680k
10 watt
10 ohm
V1-7
1.5k FIL shielded
FIL FIL d FIL 47k
V4 - 2 & 7 de
iel
5 8
shielded 8
sh 8 8
7
6 7 1 7 1 V3-2 & 7 7 1 1
6 6 6
6
2 33k shielded
7 2 2 2 3
4 3 3 3
V1-2
6L6 8 FIL
FIL FIL FIL
3 12AX7
12AT7 v3 - 7 12AX7 12AT7
1
2
Parts ID legend
M = meg (as in 1 M)
K = 1000 ohms as in 100k Tone Frenzy Amp Layout
W1 = 1 watt
W2 = 2 watt power supply connections
W5 = 5 watt
No ID on resistors = 1/2 watt
MFD = microfarad switch switch
10
W1 .1
.0
0k
.02 .01 m
4.7k .003 2
0k
47
470k 500 pf .033 fd
10
K
1 ohm W2 .001 220k
B+3 100k
red red B+1 B+2 100k .1 mfd
100k 680k
10 watt
10 ohm
rectifier tube
FIL
FIL FIL FIL
5
6 8
5 W
5 8 8 8 7
7 hm 6 7 1 7 1 7 1 1
4 0o 6 6 6 6 2
47
5V4 8 4
7
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3 6L6 8 FIL
FIL FIL FIL
1 3 12AX7
2 12AT7 12AX7 12AT7
.1 mfd 2
1
metal film
yellow
yellow
5V filament from power transformer green from reverb trans black (ground) from reverb trans
reverb send
brown wire from output transformer red wire from reverb transformer
red wire is NOT USED at all