International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.

8, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

Design & Fabrication of Three Wheel Spray Pump

Ms. Shamali S. Deshmukh1, Mr. Akash Kankal2, Mr. Akshay Chavan3, Mr. Gajanan Jadhao4, Prof. A.
D. Kulkarni5
Final year student of Mechanical Engg Department, Pankaj Laddhad Institute of Technology and Management
Studies, Buldana.1, 2, 3, 4,
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pankaj Laddhad Institute of Technology and
Management Studies, Buldana5.
deshmukhshamali49@gmail.com1 , aakash.l.kankal@gmail.com2 , akshaychavan2341@gmail.com3 ,
jadhaogajanan143@gmail.com4 , Abhaykulkarni3@gmail.com5

Abstract- As on today the whole world is facing a problem of energy crisis. If we want to continue for prolonged
use of energy then we must try to save it as much as we can whether it is on large scale or small scale. In today’s
world, we use various spraying technologies involving use of electrical energy, chemical energy of fuels. Thus in
order to save the energy and natural resources it is very important to develop such machine that works without the
use of these energies. Our project aims at the same objective and thus we developed such machine that operates
on mechanical power. Along with saving the energy, the project will help the farmers to do spraying operations
without expenditure of high manpower and the machine will give higher efficiency as compared to present method
of spraying. Our current project will help the farmers for spraying but with certain research and modifications the
project model can be used for spraying, weeding and seed sowing.

Key Words- Spray pump, Mechanization, slider crank mechanism

1. INTRODUCTION Agriculture sector is facing problems with

capacity issues, shrinking revenues, and labour
Farming is the backbone of Indian economy. In shortages and increasing consumer demands. The
this agriculture sector there is a lot of field work, prevalence of traditional agriculture equipment
such as weeding, reaping, sowing etc. Apart from intensifies these issues. In addition, most formers are
these operations, spraying is also an important desperately seeking different ways to improve the
operation to be performed by the farmer to protect equipment quality while reducing the direct
the cultivated crops from insects, pests, funguses overhead costs (labour) and capital. Thus, a
and diseases for which various insecticides, significant opportunity rests with understanding the
pesticides, fungicides and nutrients are sprayed on impact of a pesticide sprayer in an agriculture
crops for protection.[1] Farming has undergone a field.[2] A pesticide sprayer has to be portable and
great evolution in last 50 years. Out of the various with an increased tank capacity as well as should
reasons involved for this evolution is control of result in cost reduction, labour and spraying time. In
various diseases on crops. During initial days there order to reduce these problems, there are number of
was only hand spraying people use to do. Then sprayer introduced in the market but these devices
slowly there has been development of various do not meet the above problems or demands of the
methods to spray out chemicals and dusts.[1] Though farmers. The conventional sprayer having the
these devices were highly efficient, there is a need difficulties such as it needs lot of effort to push the
to have certain changes. Chemicals are widely used liver up and down in order to create the pressure to
for controlling disease, insects and weeds in the spray. Another difficulty of petrol sprayer is to need
crops. They are able to save a crop from pest attack to purchase the fuel which increases the running cost
only when applied in time. They need to be applied of the sprayer. In order to overcome these
on plants and soil in the form of spray, dust or mist. difficulties. We have proposed a wheel driven
The chemicals are costly.[2] sprayer, it is a portable device and no need of any
fuel to operate, which is easy to move and sprays the
pesticide by moving the wheel. The mechanism
involved in this sprayer is reciprocating pump, and
nozzles which were connected at the front end of the
spraying equipment.[2]
The argument for using existing conventional
Photograph 1.1 Backpack Type Spraying equipment is that farmers will face economical
difficulties in case of chemical and electrical
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.8, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

powered pumps as well as they will face difficulties 2.2 Drawbacks of Existing Sprayer Pumps
in case of hand operated pumps. One way to The Indian farmers (small, marginal, small and
overcome this problem is to use the equipment marginal, semi-medium) are currently using lever
developed for application of the pesticides through operated backpack sprayer. A backpack sprayer
the use of mechanical power. In selecting a pump for consists of tank 10 -20 liter capacity carried by two
furnishing a supply of pesticides for farm use, or for adjustable straps. Constant pumping is required to
spraying insecticides, herbicides or fungicides, we operate this which result in muscular disorder. Also,
must be sure it is designed for the job to be done. [2] the backpack sprayer can’t maintain pressure, results
The pump should have sufficient capacity to supply in drifts/dribbling.[4] Developing adequate pressure
the needed amount of water and spray material in the is laborious and time consuming. Pumping to
allowable time. Spraying is employed for a variety operating pressure is also time consuming.
of purposes such as application of: Moreover, very small area is covered while
 Herbicides in order to reduce competition from spraying. So, more time are required to spray the
weeds, entire land. Back pain problems may arise during
 Protective fungicides to minimize the effects middle age due to carrying of 10-20 liter tank on
of fungal diseases, back.
 Insecticides to control various kinds of insects,
pests,
 Micro-nutrients such as manganese or boron.
The project model is created such that it can be
used for spraying variety of crops.

2. PROBLEM SUMMARY

The farmers who use these types conventional

backpack sprayer faces many types of problems like
Photograph 2.1 Present Situation of Spraying
fatigue, tiredness, pain in spiral cord and muscles
Pump
etc. Following problems can take place by use of this
conventional type of pump:[3]
2.3 Uneconomical Existing High cost Pumps for
Indian Marginal and Small Farmers
2.1 Common Problems
Presently farmers are using knap-sack sprayer for
1) Heavy in weight causes difficulty in lifting
spraying pesticides on crops in their farms which
manually.
costs for Rs 1800-4500/-.Pesticides are diverse and
2) Fatigue to the operator due to heavy weight.
omnipresent.This sprayer has a wide limitations and
3) Due to heavy weight during spraying, operator
thus farmers can use the other sprayer also like
feel very tiredness and fatigue which reduces
bullock driven sprayer pump and tractor mounted
his efficiency.
sprayer.[4] Cost of bullock driven is about Rs 28000/-
4) Big size of pump cause inconvenience to the
. But though this these sprayer has high advantages
operator.
but are not affordable by farmers of developing
5) Poor selection and quality of equipment.
nation .So, it’s a need to find out a golden mean
6) These problems combined with a lack of
among these. The height factor also play a key role
awareness and technical knowledge and
in spraying .For cotton, about 5 to 6 times spraying
inadequate maintenance and poor field use of
of pesticides is done. Cotton is one of the important
equipment has led to unacceptable risks to
commercial crops grown extensively in India. Over
environment and human health.
4 million farmers in India grow cotton as their main
source and income & livelihood. The textile sector,
In our country farming is done by traditional way,
which is primarily based on cotton fibre, is the
besides that there is large development of industrial
largest employer & income provider in India, second
and service sector as compared to that of agriculture.
only to agriculture. It employs close to 82 million
The spraying is traditionally done by labour carrying
people – 35 million in textile & 47 million in allied
backpack type sprayer which requires more human
sector Table III flashes the light on No. of crops on
effort.[3] To overcome the above said problems, we
which spraying is done and their horizontal, vertical
made a sincere attempt to minimize human effort
distances and maximum height.[5]
and scarce labour through design and development
of the equipment which will be beneficial to the
farmer for the spraying purposes.
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.8, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

3. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Problem Statement
Agricultural sprayer vehicle should be able to work
with help of appropriate controls in order to spray
effectively along the path as required to perform the
required functions. Based on these factor, the basic
mechanical designs of agricultural sprayers vehicle
will be designed and implemented for 3 liters of
payloads by combining all the factor such as stated
above with goal of achieving a better functionality.[6]
Fig 3.1 Fibre Ring Nozzle
3.2 Objectives
1) Decrease the operational costs by using new
mechanisms.
2) Work reliably as under different working 3.4.2 Pump Tubes
condition. These are the plastic tubes whose one end is
3) Decrease the costs of machine. connected to the outlet of pump and other end is
4) Decrease labour costs by advancing the connected to the nozzle. The pesticide from tank is
spraying methods. transferred to the nozzle with the help of these tubes.

3.3 Sub-Systems of the Machine[5]

3.3.1 Base frame or chassis
The base of frame of chassis is a mild steel
fabricated structures that holds the entire assembly
of the sprayers. It consists of one front wheel
mounted on a shaft whose rotary motion is Fig 3.2 Extension Tube
transmitted to the pump. It also has two rear wheels
which are used to provide support to the back 3.4.3 Tank
assembly. It is a 5 lit. capacity tank made up of plastic in which
the pesticide can be stored.
3.3.2 Drive Assembly
The drive assembly consists of sprocket and chain
mechanism. The sprocket is mounted on the shaft of
front wheel and connected to the rear shaft by chain.
Thus the motion is transmitted with the help of
chain. Further the rotary motion is converted into
reciprocating motion by slider crank mechanism.

3.3.3 Pump System

The pump systems comprises of sprayer
mechanisms of 5 litres capacity integrated with an
inbuilt pump and sprayer.

3.4 Main Components of the Machine[6]

3.4.1 Nozzle Fig 3.3 knapsack pump
Nozzle is a device at the end of extension rod of
pump which is used to spray the pesticides. Here the 3.4.5 Piston
nozzles convert kinetic energy of fluid into pressure The piston is fitted inside the tank. The up and down
energy and release the fluid forcefully. The nozzle movement of the piston creates vacuum inside the
used in project is fibre ring nozzle. tank and thus pressure is created.

3.4.6 Slider Crank Mechanism

The mechanism consist of a crank and connecting
rod. These two are connected in such a way that the
rotary motion of the shaft is converted into
reciprocating motion the piston.
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.8, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

the pump cylinder. But, this results in building up of

pressure which seizes the movement of wheels.
Thus, a clutch mechanism is provided to disengage
the transmission from the crank to the piston.[6]

5. ANALATICAL CALCULATIONS
Sr. Particulars Value
Fig 3.4 Slider Crank Mechanism No.
1. Speed of the main wheel 25 rpm
3.4.6 Sprocket & Chain 2. Speed of the sprockets 60 rpm
It is a drive mechanism in which motion is 3. Length of the connecting rod 440 mm
transferred. 4. Distance between the wheel and 500 mm
the smaller sprockets
5. Distance between the sprockets 46 cm
and the reciprocating pump
3.4.7 Wheels 6. Length of the crank 16 cm
wheel is a circular component that is intended to 7. Stroke length of the reciprocating 18 cm
rotate on an axial bearing. The wheel is one of the pump
main components of the wheel and axle which is one 8. Discharge through the nozzle per 6.38
of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction rotation of pump ml/stroke
with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily 9. Pump stroke per rotation of wheel 3
facilitating movement or transportation while 10. In ideal condition rate of 1.58
supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. discharge through the pump lit/min
Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a 11. In working condition rate of 0.166
ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel and discharge through the pump lit/min
flywheel. 12. Rotation of wheel per minute 22 rpm
13. Delivery of pesticide per stroke of 7 ml
the pump
14. Delivery of pesticide per rotation 12 ml
15. Delivery of pesticide from 2 7 ml/stroke
nozzles
16. Delivery of pesticide from 1 2.68
nozzle ml/stroke

17. Diameter of front wheel 70 cm

18. Diameter of rear wheels 41 cm
19. Diameter of larger sprocket 22 cm
Fig 3.5 Wheel 20. Diameter of smaller sprocket 8.5 cm
Table 5.1 Calculations of machine operation
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Selection of Reciprocating Pump
When the equipment is push forward by using Speed of Crank N=122 rpm
handles, front wheel rotates and the gear is mounted Required Discharge (with one nozzle)
at the axle of wheel is start to rotate and its rotation Q = 3 Lit/min = 0.0166 m3/sec
is then transferred to the pinion through the chain
drive. The rotary motion of the pinion is converted Assuming Ratio,
into the reciprocating motion by the single slider Length/Diameter= 2.769
crank mechanism, due to this arrangement the Q = ALN/60……………. for single acting
connecting rod moves upward and downward which Q = 2ALN/60…………... for double acting
then reciprocate the piston of single acting Where,
reciprocating pump mounted at the top of storage A = Area of piston = 331830.72 mm
tank. During the upward motion of the connecting L = Length of stroke=180 mm
rod the pesticide is drawn into the pump and during D=diameter of piston = 650 mm
the downward motion of connecting rod the Speed of piston or RPM of crank= 122 rpm
pesticide is forced to the delivery valve, the delivery
is connected to the pipe carrying the number of Q = 2ALN/60
nozzles. Due to the motion of wheels, the chain drive Q = 2×18×10-2×(π/4)×(65×10-2)×122/60
mechanism operates to reciprocate the piston inside Q = 2×1.39 m3/sec
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.8, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

For…… Q = 1 Lit = 3000 cm2 Nozzle Plastic

Q = 2×1.39×60 = 166.84 m3/min Pipe/tubes Plastic
Q = 0.166.8 lit/min Frame C.R.C.
L= 180 mm Shaft M.S.
D= 65 mm Front Wheel Steel
Rear Wheel Plastic
So, pump having the diameter 18 cm and Adjustment Rod M.S. Square Pipe
length 65 cm is chosen Table 7.1 Components & it’s materials
6. APPLICATIONS
1) For the insecticides application to control 7.2 Cost Estimate
insect pests on crops and in stores, houses, Item Description Quantity Estimated Cost
kitchen, poultry farms, barns, etc.
Main Structure 1 1500
2) For the fungicides and bactericides application
Front Wheel 1 150
to control the plant diseases.
Rear Wheels 2 100
3) For the herbicides application, to kill the
Shaft 2 80
weeds.
4) For the harmony sprays application to increase Sprocket 2 100
the fruit set or to prevent the premature Bearings 3 450
dropping of fruits. Nozzle 6 120
5) For the application of plant nutrients as foliar Pipe 1 140
spray. Connecting Rod 1 40
6) For applying the powdery formulation of Crank 1 20
poisonous chemicals on the crops and for any Tank 1 2000
other purposes. Table 7.2 Cost Estimate
Along with the above mentioned applications, our 8. CONCLUSION
model is designed in such a way that it can be used
for spraying variety of crops as follows;
 The suggested model has removed the problem
of back pain, since there is no need to carry the
Sr. Name of Distance between Height of
No. crop plants crop tank (pesticides tank) on the back.
(Horizontal/vertical)
 As suggested model has more number of
1. Sorghum 15 inch /3-4 inch 5.5-7 feet
nozzles which will cover maximum area of
2. Pearl millet 15 inch /3-4 inch 5.5-7 feet spraying in minimum time & at maximum rate.
3. Sugarcane 15 inch /3-4 inch 5.5-7 feet
4. Soybean 15 inch / 2 inch 5.5-7 feet  The c.f. valves can also be applied which help
in reducing the change of pressure fluctuation
5. Corn 15 inch /3 inch 5-7 feet
and c.f. Valves helps to maintain pressure.
6. Groundnut 15 inch /3 inch 1.5 feet
7. Cotton 24-36 inch /24-36 2-5 feet  Proper adjustment facility in the model with
inch respect to crop helps to avoid excessive use of
8. Pigeon Pea 15 inches / 6 inches 3-4 feet pesticides which result into less pollution.
9. Wheat 40-50 cm 60-100 cm
 Imported hollow cone nozzles should be used in
10. Paddy 40-60 cm 60-100 cm the field for better performance.
Table 6.1 Distance between plants of crops
 Muscular problems are removed and there is no
need to operate the lever.
7. COMPONENT MATERIAL & COST
ESTIMATE  This alone pump can used for multiple crops
7.1 Components & it’s Materials
Thus the developed model has been tested
Component Material
successfully and the observations has been noted
Tank Plastic
down. The most important benefit of the model is
Lid or Cap Plastic
that it is very cost effective as compared to other
Pressure Chamber Plastic machenaries available in the market. This will help
Crank & Connecting Rod M.S. poor farmers to use the machine and cover large area
Piston ring Rubber for spraying. The fabricated model has overcome all
Body Brass / Engg. the problems stated above. Although the same
Plastic models had been fabricated before, certain
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.8, August 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

modifications had been made due to which the

machine has become more efficient. The 3) Joshua R.Vasu V. and Vincent P. (2010):’Solar
modifications are as follows; Sprayer’,International Journal of Sustainable
1) Horizontal and vertical adjustments of the Agriculture ISSN 2079-2107 Vol.No.2 (1) pp
nozzle is introduced so that the machine could 16-19.
cover more area and variety of crops can be
sprayed. 4) Pavan B.Wayzode, Sagar R.Umale, Rajat
2) Fibre ring Nozzle is used due to which the spray R.Nikam, Amol D.Khadke, Hemant More.
area can be adjusted as required. International Journal of Research in Advent
3) Large size chain is used so that less force is Technology (IJRAT) (E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
required push the machine. Special IssueNational Conference
“CONVERGENCE 2016”, 06th-07th April
9. FUTURE SCOPE 2016
Near about 50-60% of Indian occupation
depends on farmers. India is under-developed 5) Sumit Raut,“Fabrication of pedal operated
country and many farmers cannot afford costlier Reciprocating Pesticide sprayer for
machines for these operations. Several Agricultural and Drain age line use ’’
modifications can be made to improve the IJPRET,Vol. 2 (9) 2014,P.P 67-74.
performance of proposed model. The
modifications can be as follows;
1) Solar energy can be used instead of 6) Sandeep H. Poratkar, Dhanraj R. Raut
mechanically pushing the vehicle. “Development of Multinozzle Pesticides
2) Sensors can be used so that the movement of the Sprayer Pump” International Journal of
vehicle can take place automatically. Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3,
3) Al (Artificial Intelligence) can be introduced in Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-864-868 ISSN:
near future with less inverstement. 2249-6645

10. PROJECT MODEL

REFERENCES

1) A reference paper on ‘Eco-friendly

Mechanically Operated Multipurpose Spray
Pump’ by Prof. Swapnil L. Kolhe, Nilesh B.
Gajbhiye (Department Of Mechanical Engg.,
D.M.I.E.T.R, Wardha, India)

2) A reference paper on ‘Design and Analytical

Calculation for Portable Agricultural Sprayer,
Weeder with Cutter’ by Mr. Sagar D.Gavhale,
Mr. Umesh M. Hiwale , Mr. Vishal P.Shinde,
Mr.Sushilkumar V. Gosavi, Ms.Rita
Suryavanshi (Final year student of Mechanical
Engg Department, Pankaj Laddhad Institute of
Technology and Management Studies,
Buldana.)