Data Type and Variable

Data Type and Variable

2.1) Primitive Data Type
 Data Type and Variable
2.1.1) Integer
 Data Type and Variable
2.1.2) Real Number
 Data Type and Variable
2.1.3) Boolean
 Data Type and Variable
2.1.4) Character
 Data Type and Variable
2.1.5) String
 Data Type and Variable
2.2) Variable
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.1) Variable Naming
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.2) Reserve Words
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.3) Variable Declaration
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.3) Variable Declaration (Example)
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.4) Binding of Attribute to variable
 Static and Dynamic Binding
• Association of a ‘function definition’ to a ‘function call’ or an association
of a ‘value’ to a ‘variable’, is called ‘binding’.
• During compilation, every ‘function definition’ is given a memory
address; as soon as function calling is done, control of program
execution moves to that memory address and get the function code
stored at that location executed, this is binding of ‘function call’ to
‘function definition’.
• Binding can be classified as ‘static binding’ and ‘dynamic binding’. If it’s
already known before runtime, which function will be invoked or what
value is allotted to a variable, then it is a ‘static binding’, and if it comes
to know at the run time then it is called ‘dynamic binding’.
 Static and Dynamic Binding
BASIS FOR COMPARISON STATIC BINDING DYNAMIC BINDING
Event Occurrence Events occur at compile time Events occur at run time are
are "Static Binding". "Dynamic Binding".

Information All information needed to call All information need to call a

a function is known at function come to know at run
compile time. time.
Advantage Efficiency. Flexibility.
Time Fast execution. Slow execution.
Alternate name Early Binding. Late Binding.
Example overloaded function call, Virtual function in C++,
overloaded operators. overridden methods in java.
 Static Binding (C++ example)
class overload{ };
int a, b; int main(){
public: overload O1;
int load(int x){ // first load() function. O1.load(20); //This statement binds the
a=x; calling of function to 'first' load() function.
return a; O1.load(20,40); //This statement binds the
} calling of function 'second' load() function.
int load(int x, int y){ //second load() }
function.
a=x;
b=y;
return a*b;
}
 Dynamic Binding (C++ example)
class base{ };
public: int main()
virtual void funct(){ // Virtual function. {
cout<<"This is a base class's funct()"; base *p, b;
} derived1 d1;
}; derived2 d2;
class derived1 : public base{ *p=&b;
public: p->funct(); //The above statement decides which class's
void funct(){ //overridden virtual function. function is to be invoked.
cout<<"This is a derived1 class's funct()"; *p=&d1; // Vlaue of the pointer changes.
} p->funct(); //The above statement decides which class's
}; function is to be invoked.
class derived2 : public base{ *p=&d2; // Again vlaue of the pointer changes.
public: p->funct(); //The above statement decides which class's
function is to be invoked.
void funct(){ //overridden virtual function. return 0;
cout<<"This is a derived2 class's funct()"; }
}
 Static Binding (java example)
class Human{ /* Reference is of HUman type and object is
public static void walk() * of Human type.
{ */
System.out.println("Human walks"); Human obj2 = new Human();
} obj.walk();
} obj2.walk();
class Boy extends Human{ }
public static void walk(){ }
System.out.println("Boy walks");
}
public static void main( String args[]) {
/* Reference is of Human type and object is Output
* Boy type
*/
Human walks
Human obj = new Boy(); Human walks
 Dynamic Binding (Java example)
class Human{ Human obj = new Demo();
//Overridden Method /* Reference is of HUman type and object is
public void walk() * of Human type.
{ */
System.out.println("Human walks"); Human obj2 = new Human();
} obj.walk();
} obj2.walk();
class Demo extends Human{ }
//Overriding Method }
public void walk(){
System.out.println("Boy walks"); Output:
}
public static void main( String args[]) { Boy walks
/* Reference is of Human type and object is Human walks
* Boy type
*/
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.5) Strong Typing
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.6) Data Conversion
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.7) Variable Scope
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.8) Program Blocks
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.9) Named Constants
 Data Type and Variable
2.2.9) Named Constants (example)
 Data Type and Variable
2.3) Programmer Defined Data Type
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.1) Enumerated Types
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.1) Enumerated Types (Example)
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.2) Sub Range Types
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.3) Arrays
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.3) Arrays (continued)
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.3) Arrays (in Pascal )
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.3) Arrays (in Java )
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.3) Arrays (in C++ )
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.4) Records
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.4) Records (in C++)
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.4) Records (in C++)

Typedef StudentRecord StudentList[20];

………
StudentList ThisList;
2.3.4) Records
(in Java)
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.4) Records (in Java)
StudentRecord[] ThisList;
….
ThisList = new StudentRecord[20];
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.5) Unions
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.6) Pointers
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.6) Pointers

C++ Definition of a pinter and construction of link list

 Data Type and Variable
2.3.6) Pointers
 Data Type and Variable
2.3.6) Pointers

Java Definition of a pinter and construction of link list