“CALAMANSI LEAVES AND FRUITS (CITRUS MICROCARPA) AS AN INGREDIENT

TO LIQUID HAND SOAP “

An Investigatory Project
Presented to the
Senior High School Department
Faculty of Science
College of Saint Anthony

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Grade Eleven Physical Science
By

CONSUNJI, LAWRENCE DANNIEL C.

DONATO, CHESLY MHELREI B.

LUMACTOD, JOHN ROBERT R.

MIRANDA, NOAH JAY

RECIO, JOHN TERRENCE B.

TRIDANIO, JOHN JUDE C.

AQUINO, JEMIMAH LOU B.

ESPLANA, SAMANTHA A.

GUINTO, MARY ZXYLE F.

TAN, MARICAR AGAPE R.

UMINGLI, DANIELLA MARIE P.

Grade 11-Amorsolo, 2019

Submitted to:
Mrs. Leah Marie T. Bencito
Subject Teacher
March,2019
 Abstract

DANIELLAAAAA
 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

SEARCHHHH KA ABOUT CALAMANSI, INFOS - WITH NOAH AND ROBERT

Statement of the problem

This research aims to answer the following questions:

1. How is Citrus microcarpa effective as an ingredient in making liquid handwash?

2. What are the effects of using Citrus microcarpa as an ingredient of a handwash?

3. Does the new product will be sellable in the market like the branded ones?

Significance of Study

This study aims to create a product using Citrus microcarpa also known as Calamansi,

using the fruit and the leaves. It will help our country through which we create a new handwash

using calamansi from our natural resources. Also, this can make the use of handwash a common

habit for us, and in that way promotion of using handwash may improve sanitation especially to

schools and houses.

Scope and Limitations

This investigatory project aims to give the positive feedback of using calamansi as

effective liquid hand wash. And by showing the benefits of calamansi as an ingredient of it. The

people that will undergo of the test are students from the upper school students of College of St.

Anthony only. The study is limited only with the use of the leaves and fruit of the calamansi as

the main ingredient of the handwash.

 CHAPTER II

RELATED STUDIES

REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE and STUDIES

“Antimicrobial: Antimicrobial properties of tropical plants against 12

pathogenic bacteria isolated from organisms. A study on the antibacterial

activity of 9 tropical plants against 12 clinical and pathogenic bacterial strains

including Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli, Vibro parahemolytics, Salmonella and

Streptococcus sp. showed activity against one or more species of bacteria. Citrus

microcarpa was one of the most active.”

- Stuart Jr., MD, 2016

The excerpt from the article Utilization of Calamansi explains the Antimicrobial

(flavonoids) properties of calamansi, being one of the 9 tropical plants that strongly fights and

opposes the 12 clinical and pathogenic bacteria. This is relative to our study and experimentation

for we are creating a calamansi handwash wherein it is important to know the properties present

for it to be effective as a liquid handwash.

“… the effect of citrofortunella microcarpa to the other ingredients in

making handsanitizer is expected. And thus, by containing antimicrobial and

antioxidant properties a hand sanitizer that composes a calamansi property will

most likely be effective.”

- Marquez, 2013
 The excerpt from the research study “Calamansi fruit Extract used as ingredient for hand

sanitizers” explains the properties of calamnsi that could be helpful in making a hand sanitizer

out of the said fruit. Therefore, this sturdy is mostly related to the experimentation we’re

doing/conducting which is creating a liquid handwash out of calamansi. Such related studies are

helpful to us researchers to as basis of the research we’re trying to finish.

“The campaign requires high cost in detergent expenses, thus, there is a

need to acquire knowledge in liquid hand wash preparation with calamansi,

Cirfortunella microcarpa, as active reagents which act as emulsifiers and

deodorizers and as a body deodorant”

– Macachor, 2016

This article entitled “Influenece of Calamansi and virgin coconut oil as ingredient in making

handwash” showcases the active reagents of calamansi to better remove dirt in hands while using

the handwash product which is very similar to our research now, but the difference is that we’ll

only be using the properties of calamansi.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Materials

 Calamansi leaves - used as the main ingredient of the liquid hand soap.

 Calamansi fruit – used as odorant and anti-bacterial.

 Bowl – used to hold ingredients when mixing.

 Measuring cup – used to measure ingredients.

PICTURE NALANG
 Tablespoon and teaspoon– used to measure little amount of ingredients.

 rubbing alcohol – used to get the extract of the leaves and fruits of the calamansi. Used

also to remove the foul odor of the leaves.

 Liquid castile soap - used as base of the liquid hand soap. It is used to make the liquid

hand soap bubbly and foamy.

 Double boiler – used to get the extract of the leaves.

 Glycerin – is used to moisturize skin and also lock existing moisture on skin.

 essential oil – used for detoxifying, antibacterial ingredient.

 Distilled water – used to get the extract of the leaves and fruits of calamansi.

PICTURE DIN
Procedure

Grate 2 cups of liquid Pour the extract of the Allow the mixture
castile soap and pour calamansi leaves and
the juice of the fruit to cool completely
it into a double boiler. for several hours.
and stir.

Add 1/2 tablespoon of Pour the mixture into

Add 1/2 teaspoon two 8-ounce pump
glycerin, and 3 cups essential oils, and mix
of distilled water. bottles. If the
well. consistency is too
thick, add a small
amount of distilled
water and stir well.
Stirring constantly,
Add 1 teaspoon of
simmer the mixture
rubbing alcohol, and
over low heat long
remove the boiler
enough to
from the heat. Allow
completely mix the
the mixture to cool
castile soap and the
slightly.
other ingredients.

Gathered Data

The researchers were able to gather data by choosing random students from Grades 8 to

11 in the College of Saint Anthony. The chosen students were tasked to stain their hands with

grease were asked to wash one hand with the product (researcher-made), and one hand with a

store-bought handwashing liquid. They were requested to give comments and opinions on the

calamansi liquid hand wash afterwards. All of the students that were tested preferred the

calamansi hand wash over the store bought hand wash. It is because the calamansi hand wash
had a more pleasant smell, was able to remove the greasiness of the hand well, and was able to

make the students’ hands softer after washing.

Some comments on who chose the calamansi handwash

Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 11

B1 it made my G1 It has a G1 It’s more

hand softer. pleasant natural than

smell. the other.

B2 It has a more G2 It’s foamier G2 It’s foamier.

pleasant smell than the other

one.

G1 It was able to B1 It made my G3 It made my

remove the hands softer skin smooth.

greasiness and it’s

foamier.

G2 It has a more B2 It’s easier to B1 It feels great

pleasant smell remove the on the hand

than the other grease with and it smells

one. this. good.

G3 It made my B3 I think it’s B2 The grease

hands soft. cheaper. was fastly

 removed.

Handwash
Calamansi Store bought

0%

100%

Documentation

In this picture, this is the first sample of making the calamansi liquid hand

soap but unfortunately it was a fail because it was just an experimental.

 In this picture, the researchers are boiling the leaves to

get the extract.

In this picture, the juice of the calamansi was removed

from the fruit.

In this picture, this is the succesful product that was created by the

researchers.

In this picture, one of the respondents is dipping his hand inside a cup

with oil. And to test that our product can remove grease.
NOAAHHH

In this picture, one of the researchers is putting the calamansi liquid

hand soap to the hands of the respondent and trying the product.

In this picture, one of the researchers is putting the comparing

product to see which one is better.

 In this picture, the researchers are giving the product sample to

the male respondents.

In this picture, the respondents are trying the product made

from the calamansi and it shows that the product is foamy.

CHAPTER IV

DATA AND RESULTS

Discussion of results
It could be concluded from this research that calamansi fruit and leaves are effective ingredients

in making liquid hand wash. It has also been proven and tested by people that it has a pleasant

and long lasting smell, it is foamy, it has the capacity to remove greasiness, and is able to make

the skin softer. It was also preferred by people because it is more natural and organic.

Implication to Society

This project proves that creating a liquid hand soap can be easy to make using the sources that

can be found here in the Philippines. This product does not just help us but also the environment

using ecofriendly ingredients that will not harm the world in any way possible. Unlike different

hands soap which uses chemicals that could harm the planet, we used one of our country’s

biggest produce which is Citrus microcarpa also known as the Calamansi, so not just are we

making ecofriendly products but we are also bringing up the different produce of the Philippines

in every product.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

CHELSYYYT

Recommendation

The researches recommend that this investigatory project needs to be studied by different

researchers in order to find or discover another way to improve and to make more usable and

effective products out of Citrus micrcarpa. We also recommend to anyone who is going to

improve this idea to try an alternative ingredient that can be easily found here in the Philippines

and to improve the color of it. We also want people to know that there more than one way to use

Citrus microcarpa.

Chapter VI

Bibliography
https://www.ehow.com/how_6651431_make-liquid-handwash.html

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_boiling_water_can_be_used_to_extract_phytochemical_f

rom_plant

https://drhealthbenefits.com/herbal/leaves/health-benefits-calamansi-leaves

https://www.ehow.com/how_6651431_make-liquid-handwash.html

https://www.slideshare.net/Prettyen/research-paper-calamansi-citrofortunella-microcarpa

https://www.cram.com/essay/Calamansi-Extract-Used-As-Handsanitizer/P3SCBD3XJ

https://beautymnl.com/products/13244-natural-calamansi-soap

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25245513/