THEOLOGY: SACRAMENTS  Right sequence of the

(2nd Midterms) content

Course Description: Baptism, Confirmation, o Reflection Papers (based on personal

Holy Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of Sick, perception) must be typewritten
Holy Orders, Matrimony  Graded based on content, etc.
 To be submitted: digital (through
Expected Course Outcomes
Canvas) and physical (printed)
o Explain nature and institution of Sacraments
o Identify scriptural passages related to Format: Typewritten, letter size, 1” margins,
Sacraments TNR 12, 1.5 spacing, not less than 800 words, 2
 Sacraments – not an invention of pages minimum
Church; given by Jesus
o Explain effects of each sacrament o Introduction
o State conditions required on part of the  Clear thesis statement
minister for the valid and licit  Relevant to topic
administration/celebration of each o Content
Sacrament  Accurate information
o State condition required on part of subject o Reaction
for valid and licit reception of each  Well-developed arguments
Sacrament  Ethical treatment of issues
o Describe liturgical rites for celebration of  Distinguish between personal
each Sacrament insights and quotations
o Style and Development
Requirements  Compositional rules and styles
o Chapter Summaries of textbook “God the o Conclusion
Sanctifier” (35% of grade)  Gather ideas
 Handwritten on letter size bond
paper (8.5x11 inches); other paper Grading System
sizes are not acceptable  Midterm Examinations to lessen Finals
Rubrics: Coverage
 Presentation o Midterms: Baptism, Holy Orders,
 Complete Name, Section, Confirmation
Date, and Chapter with o Finals: Holy Eucharist, Matrimony,
Topic Anointing of the Sick
 Neat and organized  Class Standing and Reflection Paper – 35%
 Content  Quizzes and Class Activities – 35%
 Subtopics (all subtopics  Midterms – 10%
must be summarized)  Finals – 20%
 Present important ideas Additional Reminders
 Clarity  Make up quizzes must be taken 1 week
 Ideas are clearly said before Midterms
 Technical terms are well-  Consultation Schedule:
defined o Monday to Friday (2:00-4:00); 2nd
 Comprehension floor ACB
 Clear understanding of the o Email: emmanuel.garrido@uap.asia
matter o Approach Chaplaincy Office (upper
 Organization ground floor, DCB)
Topic: Liturgy  Divine life was lost, and
absence of grace was given
Note: Not included in the book  Without grace, no one can
reach God
What do we celebrate in the Liturgy?  Only grace can make us
 Celebrating the Paschal Mystery reach God; therefore, God
promised a redeemer
Christianity: Revealed Religion  Christ appeared in New
 Goes to Magisterium through a Magister Testament
(teacher)
 Christ is the son of
o Teaches or elaborates what is
God and 2nd person
preached
of Trinity
o Explain and justify what is taught to
 Christ is Man and
us
God at the same
 Claims what is preached, is revealed by God
time
o He prays and the
Beliefs
relationship
 Based on superstition
between God is
represented
Christianity: Reasoned Religion
love: Father.
Not baseless
Son, Holy Spirit
o Emphasis: Christ revealed that there is one
 God – not matter; pure spirit
and only God is Father, Son, Holy Spirit
o Handled by human reason
 Appearance of Savior or Redeemer
 Intelligence of man is what
o Salvation happened with woman
captures truth
o God (to serpent): there will be “enmity”
 Intelligence of man is what
between Jesus and woman
captures truth
 Jesus: We will crash your head
 Intelligence + Freedom
 Therefore, animal will die
therefore comprehend why
 Someone who will save us from
we believe the things we
devil is Jesus
believe
Compendium of the Catechism
Central Mystery of the Faith
What is the Liturgy?
 A mystery of reference
 More than just praying; shows Paschal
 Talks about the only one God (highest of
Mystery
being)
o Something happens senses can
o Specified in the Old Testament
handle is presented in Liturgy
(Bible)
 Activity where Christians worship one God
 Bible/ Sacred Scriptures –
 The public worship which is due to God is
because content came from
offered by Mystical Body of Christ, that is,
God
by His head and by its members
 Emphasis: there is one and
only God
Compendium 218
 Fall happened with woman
 Liturgy: celebration of mystery of Christ
o God wanted to bring salvation to
and particularly His paschal mystery.
man
Though the exercise of the priestly office of
o God promised salvation
 Jesus Christ, the liturgy manifests in signs  If understood, man will take
and brings about the sanctification of care of liturgy of mass
humankind.
o Paschal Mystery: In Liturgy, salvation is dispensed…
 Passion (suffering)  Liturgy is work by which Christ, through
 Death physical signs and symbols
 Resurrection o Glorifies the Father in unity of spirit
 These lead to grace and saves mankind
 Relevance: through the  Acts in Church as invisible
three was the salvation Head through its ministers
brought to mankind  In order to perpetuate
 Jesus to Man is the (freshen) the work of
action of salvation redemption in the world
 Simultaneously
Mystery of Holy Trinity
happens in Sacrament
of the Eucharist  1 God in 3 persons
 Jesus became man = about 2019 years ago
 Mystery of Christ
o Christ being God to man at the same Christian versus Catholic
time Christian
 Means that it is easier to
descend  Does not believe in Confirmation
 Prior to 16th century there was only
Effectivity of Sacraments Christianity
 Rooted from man-God
Catholic
The Liturgy proclaims and celebrates Christ…  They believe in Sacraments
 Mystery of Christ: this alone is what the
liturgy announces and celebrates
o In liturgy: priest talks to God in In Liturgy, Church gives public worship to
behalf of the people (evident in God…
prayers during liturgy)  Liturgy: particularly in prayer of Christ and
o Christ lives and acts in Church fountain of life which flows from Savior of
through sacraments which apply the World
Merits of Redemption to humanity,
this continuing the saving work that Most wonderful to Father is Son; therefore,
Jesus carried out in the world anything brought by son is loved
 Liturgy extends to those
 Father is Son is one love
there
o Example: Man says prayer through
 Salvation extends until the
the Church and through Jesus
end of the world
Christ; thus, prayer is heard
The Liturgy proclaims and celebrates Christ…
The Liturgy, work of Holy Trinity
 Anyone who wishes to live the life of God
 Three divine persons intervene in Liturgy
must participate in the liturgy of the Church
o God the Father is worshipped and
o Every human has obligation to
praised as source of blessings for
worship its God
creation and salvation
 o Christ is external high priest, shows o 12am is the 6th hour, 3pm is the 9th
forth glory of God and brings hour
salvation of mankind through o When sunsets for Jews, this is the 1st
Sacraments vigil; 9-12am is 2nd and 12am-3 is
o Holy Spirit is soul of the Church and 3rd and 3-5pm is dawn
it invigorates and enlivens the work
of God to bring it to perfection We must participate actively in Liturgy of
Church. Church asks us to attend celebrations:
Sacraments of Church
 In a conscious way (being aware of what we
 The Church’s liturgical life; 7 sacraments are doing)
 Actively participating (not false/apparent)
Celebration of Church’s Sacraments
 Fruitfully participating (being well prepared
 Although there are different traditions (may and best condition to get most out of
vary how each is celebrated) within single celebration)
Church of Christ, there are common
Topic: Divine Grace
elements in Liturgical celebrations:
o There are different rituals in God
celebrating Liturgy
 Rite (ritual) in Philippines is  Completely different
 Not part of the world; He is being Himself
the Roman/Latin rite
 In India, there is Malaber  Source of all things
 Is eternal
Rite, therefore it is united to
Roman Church  Always was and always will be
 Omnipresent; no space
 There is Copic Rite,
different from Latin Rite  All-knowing
 Who celebrates the Liturgy?  Deals with creation with perfect justice
o Work of whole Christ, Head and  Merciful; does not abandon man
Body  Greater than humankind
 How is Liturgy celebrated? St. Augustine: If you understand it, then its not
o Liturgical Celebration is woven God
from signs and symbols
 When it is celebrated? Christianity
o Sunday, the day of Lord, is principal  Not created by man, it is revealed
day for celebration of Eucharist
o Sabbath = Sabado; however, Jesus Supernatural Grace
was resurrected on a Sunday
 Act of faith is act of will
 Where is Liturgy celebrated?
 One can refer to fingerprints of God through
o Church needs places where the
creation
community can assemble; therefore,
those are our churches What makes God, God?
Additional Keypoints:  Holiness (sanctity)
o Quality/form of perfection that
 In Jews time (following Jesus), 6pm
dinivives (only found in one God)
(sunrise) is the start of their day which is
o Cannot be found in any creature
why anticipated mass is considered a
unless participating in God’s
Sunday mass
holiness
o Vigil is the evening
 o Participation in God  Sacramental Grace
 Life of God or “mundo” o Grace specific of each sacrament;
 Mundane (opposite they contribute to gradual growth of
of holy) Christian life
 Cannot give o Varies according to Sacrament (due
happiness to purpose)
 Actual Grace
Life of God o Which God enlightens the intellect
Life of Holiness and moves the will, prompting the
 When we attach anything to God person to act in favor of God
(special help from God)
Receiver of God; person  Charismatic Grace
 If a person is holy, then He is found in God o A special actual grace which God
gives to persos for specific [urpose.
Holiness It contributes to the edification of
 A gift to mankind the Church (e.g., gift of prophesy,
gift of healing, etc)
Human Intelligence is part of human nature; o Given to person but for benefit of
therefore, it is not a gift others

Grace To Consider...
 An unmented divine assistance given to  God grants to all the grace necessary for
humans for their regeneration/sanctification salvation because “He wnatsALL men to be
o Regeneration – new life/birth; saved”
sanctification in God; life is Godly
 Corace “karis” which means gift. Love is a Remember...
gift because “self-giving” and it also means  Three “obligations” we have with regard to
charity. sanctifying grace
 Strength from God
o To act like God Obligations
 State of sanctification enjoyed through  We preserve it permanently until the end
divine privilege  We recover it immediately if it is lost
 Approval/favor (being preferred of another)  We grow in it with eagerness
o Anyone holy is pleasant to eyes of
giver Remember...
o Archaic - mercy or pardon  Our own experience shows that none of
these three things are possible to accomplish
Kinds of Grace if we are left on our own
 Sanctifying Grace  Actual Grace is a supernatural
o Makes us sharers of God’s life; push/encouragement
makes us holy  It is transient; does not stay in soul but acts
o Adopted children of God; heirs of from the outside at a specific moment
heaven and temples of Holy Spirit
(acts inside) God gives Actual Grace for Three Reasons...
o Why we can enter heaven  To prepare the way for first infusion of
sanctifying grace (to restore if lost)
 To preserve in soul
 To increase it (growth of sanctifying grace)
How Actual Grace Acts in person w/ Mortal  However, human is weak and therefore
Sin... doubts that there is only 1 God
 First Actual Grace: God lights mind so the  Heaven is and cannot be a place
sinner could see evil that he committed  God promises heaven (treasure of God) as a
o The sinner rejects the grace: what I reward
did wasnt awfully bad; lots of  Nothing more valuable to God than Himself
people do worse things than that
 God’s initial grace is wasted What does God promise to mankind?
o Sinner accepts the grace; admitting  Himself (nothing greater than God)
sin humbly
 Second actual grace: will is Relevance of Revelation
strengthened; sinner is  God spoke
moved to contritition  Between Old Testament and New Testament
 Consequence: soul o Old Testament
is restored in new  God spoke to prophets,
life (raised to new patriarchs (including
heights) Moses); they are
 If contrition is imperfect, representatives and never
God sends a 3rd actual came from side of God
grace, prompting sinner to  Moses allowed
confess: I will go to Israelites to divorce
confession o New Testament
 In confession,  God spoke through son
sanctifying grace is (Jesus Christ)
restored  1:1 man and woman
 Soul is raised to  God tells what happens in
new heights heaven

Five Conclusions about Space Love of God

 Without God’s grace, cannot succeed in  Not an idea or feeling but a person
heaven
 Without sanctifying grace, we cannot have Love of Father is Son
beatific vision (see God)  Plan of God: man enters heaven (not
 Without actual grace, we cannot be restored possible to image life of God but possible to
in sanctifying grace after baptism only experience such)
 Without external help of actual grace, we  Jesus Christ became man 2019 years ago
cannot stay for any long period in state of and is considered a man of history (proven
sanctifying grace in historical books)
 Without external help of actual grace, we  Human being: determines self with: intellect
cannot recover sanctifying grace, if we and will
should lose it
Man’s End is Supernatural
Chapter 1 – Sacraments, In General Above our nature
Part 1: Celebrating Paschal Mystery  Way to reach God is not through intellect
and will but by supernatural grace; thus, can
Old Testament reach possibilities
 There is only 1 God
Sacraments: Nature  Strengthened by Confirmation
 CCC 1131: Sacraments are efficacious signs  Sustained and washed by food of Eucharist
of grace, instituted by Christ, and entrusted  Recover (heal) supernatural life lost by sin
to Church, by which divine life disposed to through Penance
us  And we make ready for the journey that will
o Grace – life of God end up in heaven through Anointing of the
o Divine – proportion of life of God Sick
o Efficacious – effective  Holy Orders put Ministers to Church
o Sign – points to reality o Helps faithful stay in faith
 Indication  Matrimony, from which children are born to
 Implies but does not contain perpetuate human body and when
 Points to reality of grace but regenerated by Baptism, makes the Church
cannot give grace if not grow
given by Jesus
 CCC 1131: The visible sign rites by which What do the Sacraments signify?
the sacraments are celebrated and signify According to St. Thomas Aquinas…
and make present the graces proper to each  “A sacrament is a sign that commemorates
Sacrament” what precedes it: Christ’s Passion”
o Without Jesus, it cannot enter brain o Salvific action is what represents
 Sacraments and supports an individual
o Help understand divine through  “It demonstrated what is accomplished in us
signs through Christ’s Passion: grace life of God
 “It prefigures what Passion promises to us:
Man perceives something more… future glory (heaven)”
o To be in stage of grace is to be with
Origin of Sacraments God
 CCC 1114: Teaching of Holy scripture to
traditions, and to concerns, of Fathers (by Sacramental Signs
Church), we profess that Sacraments of new
law (testament) were all instituted by Jesus Two Essential Parts of Sacrament
Christ our Lord  Sign of Sacraments (material elements) –
matter
Number of Sacraments  Word minister pronounces – form
 7 Sacraments touch ALL stages and
important moments of Christian life: give Effects of Sacraments
birth, growth, healing, and mission to  All sacraments impart life of God (confer
Christian’s life of faith sanctifying grace) on those who do not place
o Christian’s life of faith is basis of any obstacle on the way
theological life/point of view  Sacraments offer “sacramental grace”, the
 CCC 1210: There is a certain resemblance pray to each sacrament (for a specific need)
between stages of natural life and stages of  Sacraments confer sacramental character,
spiritual life which is a spiritual sign indelibly impressed
on a soul
Why Seven? o Character (karakter) – impart/mark
 Jesus instituted physical signs that we call o Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy
sacraments to express grace Orders offer sacramental character
 We are born to supernatural life through
Baptism
Sacramental Character  Perkins is part of heart
 A spiritual sign impressed permanently upon oNo fraud involved
soul by Christians participate in priesthood oChemical properties of blood were
of Christ: it empowers them in Him present
o Character makes receiver a o Perfect form of love is love of Jesus
participant in priesthood of Christ Christ
 Miracles do not prove anything, such as
Diversity of Sacraments (into three) presence of Jesus in Eucharist
1. Sacrament of Initiation
a. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist Buenos Aires
b. Christian life  Argentina - 1999 (Pope of St. Francis)
2. Sacraments of Healing  August 18, 1996 7PM – found host
a. Penance and Anointing of Sick  August 26, 1996 – host did not dissolve;
b. Addresses sickness due to sin bloody substance
3. Sacraments of Service of Community  September 6, 1996 – grew in size
a. Holy Orders and Matrimony  October 5, 1999 – scientific investigation
o Dr Zugibe – said that there is real
For Reflection Paper blood and DNA in host
Topic: Holy Eucharist
 Most blessed Sacrament January 31 – Eucharist Procession
 Forms/completes part of first Sacraments:  Attend and observe (10AM-12NN)
Christian Initiation  Deadline of Reflection Paper: February 7,
 Most blessed of all Sacraments Thursday
o Other 6 Sacraments are under this o Hard and Digital copy
 Most blessed Sacrament because it explains
that Jesus is really, truly, and substantially Chapter 1 – Sacraments, In General
present Part 2
 Not only does it give grace but contains
author of grace itself Effectiveness of Sacraments lies on the
 Not only revered but adored Humanity of Jesus Christ
 John Chapter 6
 Started around 30th century Why were the Sacraments instituted?
o Procession signifies Jesus walking  Christ wanted to adopt Himself to our
on the streets nature, bestowing divine gifts on us through
the material things we use, so that it would
Output from the Videos be easier for us to receive those gifts
Miracle of Laneiano (City in Italy)  The humanity of Christ is the instrument
 Laneiano founded before Christianity united and the divinity used to carry out the
o Recalls pure heart of Lord our Jesus redemption of mankind in the same way
Christ
 Miracle in the video is that sight was
regained and became a convert The Sacraments are the Instruments
 Substance of body of Christ was doubted  Separated from His divinity through which
 Jesus is present in body and flesh God sanctifies us, adapting Himself to our
 5 globules = 15.85 grams nature and understanding
o Flesh and blood are real o Jesus saved us as Man
o Body consisted piece of heart
 AB type (flesh and blood)
The Need for the Sacraments Valid and Worthy Reception
 The sacraments are necessary for salvation,  Ex opera operantis: working
at least in desire
 Not all are necessary for each person
 Some Sacraments are necessary as What are the conditions for Valid Reception
indispensable means to reach heaven –  The receiver must be alive
necessity of means  Qualified
o Baptism and Penance  No active opposition (nihil obstat)
 Some sacraments become necessary because
a precept has been established by the Church What are the conditions for Licit Reception?
obliging Catholics to receive them
o Necessity of Precept Sacramental of the Dead vs Sacrament of the
 Penance and Holy Eucharist Living

The Effectiveness of Sacraments Of the Dead

 The sacraments are efficacious because  Baptism
Christ Himself is at work  Penance
o Ex opera operato (from work; o Faith, hope, contrition
worked)
o Give grace State of Grace
o Operato -ed =
o Expere = out of the action a Of the Living
 Holy Eucharist
Elements of Valid and Licit Celebration of the  Matrimony
Sacraments  Confirmation
 Celebration means the sacramental sign took  Holy Orders
place  Anointing of the Sick
 Licit: celebration means it took place with Sacraments
all the elements required by law and  Effective sign and Holy life of God is
property dispensed
o The dignity of every sacrament
requires that it be celebrated validly Sacramentals
and licitly  Sacred signs instituted by the Church that
 Validity and licitness involve both the dispose people to receive the chief effects of
minister and recipient the sacramentals
 Like the sacraments, they draw their power
Valid Administration from the Paschal mystery
 Validity on the part of the minister o Example: holy water, incense,
o Empowerment rosary, medals, scapulars, blessings
o Intention
o Correct application of the sign Chapter 2: Baptism
elements Sacrament of Spiritual Rebirth: Baptism
 Baptism – necessity of means
Worthy Administration  Sacrament of regeneration by means of
 Licitness on the part of the minister water in the word
o Usually state of grace o Regeneration – “rebirth”; being born
o Specifications made by Church laws again
o New life of grace
  Sharing in the life of God 2 Corinthians 5:17
 If anyone is in Christ is a new creation, he is
New Life of Grace a new creation (man)
 Life of God (Divinity) o Man is patterned to Christ’s mystery
o Holiness (true God + true Man)
 Person is child of God  Man has to be son of God
 By virtue of grace, man is compatible with Baptism
God  Conforms man to image and likeness of God

CCC 252 Jesus Christ

Names to 1st Sacrament of Initiation  True God and True Man
 Baptism (central rite) o Has to be son of God in a certain
o Baptize: immerse/cleansing with sense
water o Needs to be conformed to Jesus
o Man is immersed in death of Christ Christ
 Thus, rises with him as new
creature Christian
o Sinful man does with Jesus in  Soul – son, daughter of God
Baptism  Man – humanism
 Water cleanses man
 Bath of regeneration and renewal in Holy Sacramental Elements of Baptism
Spirit  The essential rate of Baptism mmersing
 Enlightenment candidate with water (pouring) while
o Baptized becomes Son of Light invoking name of: Father, Son, Holy Spirit
(Trinity)
Biblical Basis of Baptism
 John 3:5 – Unless one is born of water & Jesus: John the Baptist’s baptism is the Baptism
spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God of Repentance
o Truly, I say to you Jesus’s Baptism: To sanctify water
 Jesus makes revelation
o Commit enter kingdom
 Deprivation of Salvation Sacramental Sign of Washing
 Romans 6:34 – We were buried therefore Essential Rite
with Him by Baptism into DEATH; raised  Matter: washing on forehead
from the dead; walk in newness of life o Refers to soul
o Anyone who receives baptism o Forehead represents internal and
participates in death of Jesus Christ external senses of man, signifying
 Jesus Christ needed to live man
to be glorified o Cleans natural water for cleaning
o Water has to run on the skin
Prototype of Man’s Destiny o Sprinkling is not valid
Death – Resurrection – Glorification –  Form: words (Trinitarian formula)
Ascension o Nurtured by Christ, Himself
 Truth of Jesus Christ
Effects of Baptism
Man 1. Remission of Sin and Punishment
Death (spiritually dead, in original sin) – a. Acts 2:38
Baptism - Resurrection (newness of life) i. Forgiveness of sins
2. The Very First Infusion of Sanctifying Three Kinds of Baptism
Grace 1. Sacramental Baptism
3. We become child of God a. Water and word
a. 1 John 3:11 2. Baptism by Blood
i. Sins of God and such we are a. E.g. Holy Innocents. Martyr of
1. Ontological Sebaste
a. Affects b. On account of living accordin to the
being of faith – suffering/death
person 3. Baptism by Desire
4. Incorporation (Membership) in Church a. Explicit: Catechumen who dies
(Mystical Body) before getting baptized
a. 1 Cor 12-13 b. Implicit: Upright life in a non-
b. We were all baptized into one body Christian person
5. Indwelling of Blessed Trinity i. Jesus Christ died for all
a. Jn 14:23 mankind
i. Anyone who lives life of
God is dwelling in Him Chapter 3 – Confirmation
(Jesus Christ) Sacrament of Spiritual Restrengthening
1. Someone who has
faith, loves, and Why do we need Confirmation?
lives in God  To strengthen Christian’s spiritual life
ii. Becomes temples of the that was bestowed upon in the
Holy Spirit (where He is) Sacrament of Baptism
6. Sacramental Character: Common Priesthood o Serves as a means of completion
a. Only Jesus can save; people then (increasing and deepening) of
participate in priesthood of Christ baptismal grace
b. Permanent mark on recipient  Unites us to Christ and
c. Unrepeatable, only once renders our bond with
d. 1 Peter 2:90 Church
i. Royal Priesthood o Through this, man would be
1. Sacral + facere – able to witness Faith, which
sanctifies persons forms part of a Christian calling
a. Makes o Christian’s mission is to also
persons help neighbor discover and give
holy meaning to their earthly lives
Roles of Priests  A way to execute this is
 Sacra – sacrifices by means of prayer;
e. Sacral + facere (make holy) talking to God
f. Gestures to make persons holy (to  Considered as a Sacrament of Christian
sanctify) majority
 Teach/preach
 Fully taking up responsibilities of what
 Rule/govern/lead
it is to be Christian
o Mission is to spread Faith
Necessity of Salvation
 If successfully done,
 Mt 28:19
considered as soldiers
o Make disciples of all nations and
of Christ
baptizing them
  This also lead to one’s movement of will; thus,
strengthens the acting for his passions alone
battle against  Man must convince himself to move
temptation away from any form of temptation. Most
 Fills baptized person to receive further especially from influences of people
outpouring of Holy Spirit coming from the devil
o Increasing gifts of Holy Spirit  Confirmation took place for the first
within man time on the Feast of Pentecost
o Gifts are bestowed upon us to o Ten days after Jesus ascended
make us holy into heaven
 Gives special sacramental grace
Institution by Christ
o Proper to each sacrament and
consists right to receive all Divine-Apostolic Tradition and Magisterium of
actual graces for sacrament Church
o Spreads and defends faith by
word and action as true  Apostles administered Confirmation
witnesses of Christ o May not be made possible if
o Transformed Apostles on Jesus Christ did not assure and
Pentecost give instructions
 Formerly, Apostles did  With regard the
not lack faith in Jesus institution and manner
 They lacked of the Sacrament
courage and Essential Parts of the Sacrament
fortitude
 Instituted by Christ to confirm faith, Matter
which helps resist temptation and be  Anointing with Chrism on forehead
living witnesses to Him o Instituted by lying of hand
 Imprints sacramental character  Religious rite to Jews,
o Indelible spiritual mark which signifies power
 Confirmation cannot be  Signifies outpouring of
administered twice to Holy Spirit
same person o Made in the form of the cross; a
 Perfects common sign of Christian
priesthood of faithful o Made on the forehead since it
received in Baptism represents totality of man
 Confirmed
person received Significance of Matter
power to
 Chrism: Greek word of ointment
profess faith
o Consecrated by bishop on Holy
o Sign that Jesus Christ marked
Thursday
on Christian with seal of His
 Signifies unity of
Spirit
recipient with the
Must Remember… Church
 Through this
 Dangers within the soul may be affected unity, man is
by internal and external factors, which able to bear
 witness to his  Makes
faith permanent
o But in Confirmation, means belonging to
mixture of olive oil and balsam Christ through
 This is consecrated by a Holy Spirit
bishop every Maundy
Thursday Effects of Confirmation to Man
 Balsam has a  Man becomes “mature and perfect”
fragrant smell o Making him more equipped in
 This also has spiritual aspects
power of  Entails man to practice
preserving supernatural virtues
corruption
 We grasp that it Gifts of the Holy Spirit
signifies virtues  Supernatural virtues
of Christian o Helps us to be docile to the
action of the Holy Spirit in our
 Why use oil? souls
o Oil is fluid and rich in organic  We are able to perform
matter actions that become
 Thus, was used in past heroic
times for healing  Performed in
wounds accordance with
 We grasp that it divine
represents strength supernatural
coming from the Holy standards
Spirit in the Sacrament
of Confirmation Effect of Gifts of the Holy Spirit

Using oil, we can say that…  Perfect the way man lives the different
virtues
 The act can preserve us from corruption o Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit
of sin describe gifts of the Holy Spirits
o This also helps us bear witness coming to Messiah
to Christ through living a  Equips us with wisdom,
virtuous life understanding, counsel,
Form fortitude, knowledge,
piety, fear of the Lord
 “Be sealed with the gift of the Holy  These gifts help
Spirit” man to avoid
o Express principal effect of the temptation
Sacrament
o Free gift on the person Temptation
confirmed Most Common Temptation
 Seal – sign of personal
authority  Forget to love God
o Can be avoided by gift of
wisdom
  Wisdom perfects virtue the good of this
of charity world and the
 Helps us judge glory of God
situations, reflected in
alongside with  Decide out of Impulsive Behavior
its people o Counteracted by gift of counsel
according to  Helps man see good and
their relation to better things pleasing to
God God
 Therefore,  Most important
makes us seek to those in
glory of God in authority and
everything that have role of
we say and do directing souls
 Difficulty in Fulfilling Duties to God
More Examples of Temptation and Attending to Needs of Neighbor
 Doubts Truths of Faith o Counteracted by gift of piety
o Counteracted by gift of  Perfects virtue of justice
understanding  Inclination of
 Understanding perfects man to what is
faith due to him
 Enabling man  Inspires man to
to penetrate perform
meaning of spiritual and
supernatural corporal works
mysteries of mercy
 Supernatural  Cowardice
Mysteries: o Counteracted by gift of fortitude
Incarnation,  Becomes easier for man
Redemption, to handle daily
Communion of sufferings and trials for
Saints, and the God’s love
role of Mary as Last Gift
Mediatrix of all
grace  Fear of the lord
 Strengthens o Counteracts pride
man to live  Makes clear that we
according to his need to value God
true faith  Perfects virtue of hope
 Failure to Realize Value of Created  Helps man to
Things place all trust
o Counteracted by gift of in God; thus,
knowledge overcoming
 Enables man to see true temptation
value of created thing  Perfects virtue of
 Therefore, man temperance
can see clearly
  Moderate o Happens when Christian
bodily desires community does not have valid
and appetites Confirmation
o Happens when baptized person
Necessity of Confirmation is in danger of death
For Salvation Church desires that no member be departed
 Not absolutely needed for salvation from world without being perfected by Holy
o As only two Sacraments are Spirit
necessary for everyone As Christian
 Baptism and Penance
 Must be united to leader (bishop)
Importance
Recipient of Confirmation
 Jesus wants us to receive it because He
Himself instituted this Sacrament to us Church says…
 Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist
 Confirmation is not necessary for
form a unity
salvation
o Therefore, faithful are obliged
o However, Confirmation can be
to receive this Sacrament
received when person uses his
o Baptism is valid and efficacious
reason
 However, Christian
 With the use of intellect
initiation remains
and will by the age of 7
incomplete without
 Adult must have the intention to receive
Confirmation
the Sacrament itself
 A person who
o This way, the Sacrament is to be
neglects to
received worthily
receive
 Man must be in state of
Confirmation
sanctifying grace
deprives
 If man receives this Sacrament with
himself of
mortal sin not yet forgiven
valuable source
 Can receive the
of grace
Sacrament but without
Minister of Confirmation its graces
 Results to man
In Latin Rite… receiving
 Bishop another mortal
o Successors of Apostles sin (sin of
o Received fullness of Holy sacrilege)
Orders  Therefore, man
 Unites recipient of must recover to
Sacrament to Church state of grace
and apostolic origins through
Sacrament of
However, there are instances that… Confession
 Priest
Godparents for Confirmation  Ex: manna – bread
 This means
 Requires godparents of recipients to be
“what’s that”
confirmed
 Jn 6:50
o Must be a Catholic with good
o The bread which I shall give for
moral standing
the life of the world is my flesh
 The duty of the godparent must live up
o Many Jews grew up in different
to his duty of guiding the person places and spoke different
confirmed to live up to Christian languages
obligations  Jn 6:56
o He who eats my flesh and drinks
my blood abides in me and I in
Chapter 4 – The Holy Eucharist (I): The him
Mystery of the Real Presence Jesus’ Flesh
“This is my body… this is my blood”  Jn 6:54
o For my flesh is food indeed and
Eucharist my blood is living indeed
 Most important and blessed
 Christian is initiated to faith through Use of Trogen (Greek)
three sacraments of initiation  To eat
 Highlights union with Christ  Has to take unity in mouth and chew it
 Real presence – tangible presence of
Jesus Christ Institution at Last Supper
o Latin; res (thing) Lk 22:19-20 (Cf. Mt 26:26-29; Mk 14:22-25)
o Referring to something tangible  This is my body which is given to you.
o Conforms Jesus can be touched, Do this in remembrance of me
tasted  This cup which is poured out for you are
the new covenant in my blood
Basis of Faith in Eucharistic Presence
 Only basis in Jesus present Testimony of St. Paul (1 Cor 11)
 Took bread, this is my Body, the cup –
When God creates something… basis is word new covenant in my blood
 From nothing to something
The Manner of Christ’s Presence in Eucharist
Biblical Scriptures of Basis of Faith in  Compendium 282: Jesus Christ present
Eucharistic Presence in Eucharist
 Feeding the 5,000 (1-15)  Present in the true, real, substantial way
 Jesus walks in the Sea (16-21) in His Body and Blood and Soul and
o Power of substance Divinity
 Brand of Life (22-59)
 Words of Life (60-71) How is Christ present in the Eucharist?
 Jn 6:34-35 – Promise at Capernaum,  In the Eucharist, therefore, there is
The Bread of Life present in a sacramental way, that is,
o Jesus said He is bread of life under the Eucharistic species of bread
o Whoever comes to him will not wine, Christ whole and entire, God and
be in hunger; whenever believe Man
will not be in thirst o Species – appearance
 o God and man are entirely  The mind will make you
present imagine that Jesus fell
on this land
Manner of Christ’s Presence in Eucharist o It opposes the real presence
 True  Virtual
o Not figurative/symbolic o By power/authority of someone,
 Ex: crucifix presence is made felt
 Ex: fire itself is not o Ex: Philippine Constitution
smoke (laws of our country)
 Real o Ex: CCTV (virtual presence of a
o Not in our minds but in the person)
thing  You know that behind a
 Ex: ashes of cremated camera, there are eyes
 Substantial looking – a person
o Not in action/power (virtual) o Ex: virtual presence of God in
 Ex: God’s virtual our conscience
presence in guilty  Tells us to do what is
conscience right and what is wrong
 We get reminded that  Human reason
we have sinned against (intelligence)
God  Reminds us of God’s
existence and His
The Mystery of authority
 After consecration, it has really become Symbolic vs True
the Body and Blood of Christ Psychological vs Real
 When you break the bread, Jesus is not Virtual vs Substantial
divided
 Real Presence: He is the one who truly Consequences of Transubstantiation
nourishes us and gives us growth  The Body and Blood of Christ are
substantially present but not in
Different Forms of Presence appearance
 Symbolic  The Whole Christ
o Are present with a sign or o Body, soul, blood, and divinity
symbol in any “species” – bread and
o Ex: symbol of our country – flag wine
o Ex: symbol of a person – I.D.,  Principle of Concomitance: communion
signature in one kind it is not necessary to also
o Symbol of God/Christ – crucifix divide the wine
 Has a body cross  Christ’s presence continues in every
doesn’t have fragment or drop of the species while
o Opposes true presence these stay intact
 Meaning it is not a  Christ is not divided or broken
symbolic presence  Presence remains while the species
 Psychological (Mental) remains
o Ex: the Philippine Day in L.A.
o Ex: the ashes of cremated Chapter 5 – The Holy Eucharist (II)
person/bones The Eucharist as a Sacrament
o Ex: the Holy Land “Abide in me and I abide in you”
Miracles  Most solemn as it is a
 Strengthen faith sign of
 Something to be liberation/salvation
pondered/confronted/tackled from slavery
 Time of Moses when
Names Given to Sacrament Jews became slaves;
Sacrament liberated from slavery
 Tangible sign of the invisible reality of Egyptians
(grace)  Includes a lamb
Eucharist they had to
 Greek: Eucharistein roast and east
o Infinite verb while standing;
o Thanksgiving blood marked
o Eu – true on door so the
o Karis – gift, grace angel of death
(supernatural), charity, love, wont kill the
charism (spiritual gift) first borns
 Summary: gift, grace  Jesus gives His
love Blood
o All of which are for  In Eucharist,
thanksgiving shows how man
Eucharistic Sacrifice is liberated
 Christ is offered up in Mass from sin
o For salvation of mankind  Fulfillment of
o Intention of obtaining holiness redemption
from Adam and
Holy Communion Eve
 “The chalice of benediction which we  Great sign of
bless is it not the Communion of Blood festivity
of Christ?” (1 Cor 11:16)  Personal
o Participate communion
o Part “pass” + icipation “capere”
 Capture (take) a part Viaticum
 Via (along the way) + te (you) + cum
Eucharistic Banquet (with)
 Includes food and drink o Travelling companion applies to
 Compendium 287 says Eucharist is a dying person’s communion
Paschal Banquet
o Christ sacramentally makes Most Blessed Sacrament
present His Passover and gives  Adored
us His Body and Soul, offered  Greatest among sacraments
as food and drink, uniting us to
Himself and to one mother in Holy Mass
His sacrifice  Latin “missa” means “sent” (> English
 Passover is most for mission)
important Jewish o Mattere “to send”
celebration o Missa (past principle) – sent
Institution of Eucharist o Jn 6:55 “He who eats my flesh
 3 synoptic Gospels and drinks my Blood has
o Mt 26:17-29 everlasting life, and I will…”
o Mk 14:12-25 o The Eucharist is a pledge of
o Lk 22:17-20 glory to come
o St Paul to 1 Cor 11:23-26
Matter and Form Necessity and Appropriateness of Communion
 Necessity of Means
Matter o Implicit desire is necessary for
 Bread from wheat (Latin rite is salvation
unleavened) o Jn 6:54
 Wine from grape (with slightly added o Person doing good is aiming for
water) salvation
Form  Necessity of Percept
 “This is my Body” o At least once a year, during
 “This is the cup of my Blood” Easter time (unless good reason,
another time is chosen), let God
enter the soul
Effects of Holy Communion
 Union and Identification with Christ Other Considerations
o Jn 6:56  Frequent Communion
o Stays in Christ by eating and  Second Communion in mass (third in
drinking Viaticum)
 Increase Inferior of Charity  Preparation for 1st Communion
o As Sacrament of love of Christ,
strengthens our Communion, Preparation for Communion
our bound with Mystical Body  Importance of state of grace
 Goes beyond capacity o Right intention
of man  Eucharistic fast
 Sign of great love o 1 hour before Communion
 Forgiveness of Venial Sin and
Remission of Temporal Punishment Due Subject and Minister of Eucharist
to Sin Subject/Represent of Eucharist
o The Charity of Communion  Baptized
opposes to reference of venial  Living
sin  In state of grace (indispensable)
 Mortal sin: deadly
 Venial sin: wakens the Minister of the Sacrifice
soul; not necessary to  Only bishops and priests can consecrate
confess; shortness in because they received this power
love through Holy Orders
o Communion increases love
o Temporal is disorder that comes Minister of Communion
as a consequence of sin  Ordinary (usual) – bishops, priests,
 Presence from Future Mortal Sin deacons
o Like a sick person restored by  Extraordinary – designated and trained
good food persons
 Preparation for Future Resurrection
Chapter 6 – The Holy Eucharist (III)  Eucharist – Unbloody
The Eucharist as a Sacrifice Religious Jewish Christ’s
Scripture Paschal Sacrifice at
Sacrifice Sacrifice Calvary
 Latin Victim Lamb Jesus Christ:
o Sacra (holy thing) (young) Perfect God
o Facere (to do/to make) and Perfect
o Something done to obtain Man
holiness by winning God’s Priest Head of the Jesus Christ:
approval Household Head of
o An offering made to God as a Sprinkling of Humanity
sign of homage to Him Lamb’s
Blood
Elements of Religious Sacrifice Immolation Eating the Jesus Bloody
 Victim lamb; flesh Passion and
o Something to offer liberation Death
 Priest from slavery
o One who offers and authorized Purpose Liberation Redemption:
representative of community from slavery liberation
o Acts like a bridge linking sinful and escape from sin.
man to God. If not, man cannot death New life in
reach God God
 Immolation
o Action to destroy something by Last Supper Calvary Holy Mass
fire to show homage Jesus Jesus Christ: Jesus
 Fire – be the fire (victim) in Perfect God (victim) in
destroys everything the Eucharist and Perfect the Eucharist
 Purpose Man (bread and
o Acknowledge God’s wine)
sovereignty over us (Priest) Jesus Jesus Christ: Jesus (priest)
with the Head of in the
In what way is the Eucharist a Memorial of the Apostles Humanity Ordained
Sacrifice of Christ? Minister
 It makes present and actual the sacrifice Unbloody Jesus Bloody Unbloody
which Christ offered to the Father on the Anticipation: Passion and Renewal:
cross. Once and for all on behalf of Sacramental Death consecration
mankind. Institution
 Sacrificial Character Redemption: Redemption: Redemption:
o “This is my Body which is institution of liberation Application
given for you” Eucharist and from sin. to men and
o “This cup is the new covenant in Priesthood New life in women
my Blood” God
 Sacrifice of the cross and Eucharist are
one and the same sacrifice
Holy Mass in Relation to Calvary
o The priest and the victim are the
 The Holy Mass makes Calvary “actually
same
present” today
o The only difference is…
 Calvary – Bloody
  The mass is a “celebration” (i.e. o Center: like a spoke of a wheel,
reenactment) of Calvary authentic Christian life turns
 The sacrifice of the Mass is an around the mass
application of Calvary o For the sacrifice to happen there
has to be victim, priest,
The End/Purpose of the Mass is Total Worship immolation, and purpose
 Adoration
o Acknowledgment of God as March 5 - To summarize previous discussion
God
 Thanksgiving Sacrifice
o Acknowledgment of the gifts  To make someone “holy”
received  Life
 Atonement/Reparation  God is important to us
o Recognition of our failures  Offered by Jesus on the cross (Christ)
 Petition/Supplication o Restores proper order and
o Recognition of our needs in relationship between God and
relation to God Man
o No other sacrifice is needed
Fruits of Benefits of the Mass because what Christ dd is the
 General Benefits ultimate sacrifice already
o For the whole Church (in o (Perfect) no further sacrifice is
Purgatory & in Heaven) in necessary
every Mass  Made present to us in
 Special Benefits Mass
o For whom it is said (so-called  Real presence –
intentions) Jesus’ presence
 Personal Benefits in the form of
o For those present bread and wine
 Mass makes present Christ’s sacrifice on
The Memory of Him the cross
 After Consecration, it has really become o Sacramental presentation of His
the body and blood of Christ death where we retrieved graces
 When you break the bread, Jesus is not for us
divided o It is the same sacrifice that
 Real Presence: He is the one who truly opened the gates for sinners
nourishes us and gives us growth  Contains sacrifice of
Christ
The Mass and Christian Life
 Mystical Body of Christ (i.e. the whole Chapter 7: The Holy Eucharist (IV)
Church offers the mass The Mass as a Liturgical Celebration
o “Pray Brethren that my sacrifice
and yours may be acceptable to The Celebration of the Mass
God Almighty Father” “Do this in the memory of me”
 Root and Center of the Christian life
o Root: anchor and source of Sacrifice
supernatural nourishment  Makes someone holy; life of God &
sanctify oneself
  Life is given up (passion, death,  Cross stands above the tabernacle. Its
resurrection, ascension; made present presence alone on the altar speaks
man) simply and eloquently; the Calvary
 Candlesticks is full of light. It is written
In Calvary in the apocalypse
 Victim: Jesus Christ  Sanctuary Lamp indicates that Blessed
 Priest: Jesus Christ Sacrament is present in the tabernacle
 Immolation: Death
 Purpose: Redemption The Sacred Vessels

In Holy Mass Chalice

 Victim: Real Presence  Cup made of gold/silver
 Priest: Ordained Priest
 Immolation: Double Consecration Paten
 Purpose: Application of Redemption  Holding the bread to be consecrated

How is celebration of Eucharist carried out? Ciborium

 Unfolds in 2 general parts which  Cup-like, contain smaller species of
together form one, single act of worship. bread for communion; follows for the
The Liturgy of the Word involves chalice & paten
proclaiming and listening to the word of
God. The Liturgy of the Eucharist Monstrance
includes the presentation of the bread  “Show”, vessel in which the consecrated
and wine, the prayer/anaphora host is exposed for adoration of the
containing the words of consecration faithful
and communion
Cruets
 Hold water and wine for Man
The Sacred Place
Communion Trays
 Altar/table of the Eucharist, the Holy  Catch every practice that is dispensed
Mountain where Jesus transfigures and from the host during communion
immolates Himself at the same time;
raised as it is above the ground it Absolution Bowl
appears as a Thabor and a Calvary  Used to wash the hands during the
 Ambo is the platform where the offertory
scriptural readings are proclaimed and Water Pitcher
requires the name “Table of the Word”  Pairs with the absolution bowl
 Reredos is the backdrop for the altar Sacred Books
and/or tabernacle
 Sanctuary, most sacred part of the Missal
Church which on the altar, the Ambo  Prayers of the liturgy, all forms
and the Sede (chair for the priest)
 Tabernacle is placed where the Blessed Sacramentary of Masses
Sacrament is kept. It recalls the  It contains the formularies for
tabernacle of the Old Testament in celebration of sacraments
which the ark of the covenant is kept,
are prophetic figures
Lectionary  Chasuble appeared in Early Christianity:
 Scriptural reading proclaimed at Mass is the outer and chief vestment of the
stays on the Ambo priest.

Sacred Linens o It is essentially the Mass vestment and is

now exclusively reserved to the priest.
 Pall is a square pocked shaped piece of Their colors are determined by the
linen with a cardboard inserted in order liturgical dead on or the celebration
to suffer it. It is placed over the chalice itself.
to prevent dust/other matter falling into
it; reserved for God  Stole is a long band of silk that is worn
around the neck. A symbol of the
 Purificator is a linen cloth used for priestly yoke. Color indicates season.
chalice, fingers, mouth, of celebrant
after communion. It is spread over the  Alb is a white linen robe which the
cup of chalice at the beginning and end priest usually wears under chasuble. Alb
of Mass in Latin means white. Sun is going up,
horizon is turning white. Especially for
 Corporal is a linen which size and the Eucharist.
appearance resembles a small napkin. It
is spread out on the altar, and the chalice  Cincture is a cord of linen fastened
is placed upon it. It is meant to gather about the waist to confine the alb.
every sacred particle that falls on the
altar The Liturgical Calendar

 Chalice Veil is cloth which covers  Unlike the Gregorian Calendar, the
chalice until Offertory, and after Liturgical Calendar is not meant to
communion. It is also made of the same simply mark the passage of time but
material and color as vestments celebrate and understand fully the
mystery of Jesus Christ
 Burse is a square container for Corporal. o His Incarnation and Birth
It is made of same materials and colors o His Teaching and Healing
as vestments. ministries
o His Passion and Death
 Altar Table Cloth used to cover the table o His Resurrection and Ascension
of the sacrifice. 2 cloths are placed while o His sending of the Holy Spirit
a third (on top) hangs down over the on the Pentecost Day, and the
side of the altar to the floor. Expectation of his return in
glory
o They gather particles of bread  During this course of the year the above
and absorb the wine. It is mysteries are viewed from different
practical and logical perspectives from different accounts
consequence of faith. Table of  Tracing footsteps of Jesus Christ
sacrifice. Ultimate symbol (w/o o Advent (Birth and 1st coming)
tabernacle). o Ordinary Time (Normal and
Ordinary Life of Jesus Christ);
 Vestments Jesus started preaching when he
o Patterned in Roman Rite was 30 years old (public
 ministry started); public  Purple: color for sorrow used during
ministry became more known in Advent and Lent, funerals and in the
Lent sacrament of Penance
o Lent (Moment of Penance and  Rose: color for joy is used once in
Reparation) - 6 weeks Advent and once (4th Sunday) in Lent
o Holy Week: Passion, Death, and  Black: color for mourning and is used
Resurrection (1 week) for funerals
o Easter (Culminates at moment  Blue: color for Masses of Blessed Virgin
of Pentecost) extends for 50 Mary
days
 Culminates on
Pentecost (50 days after
Easter)
 Recall coming of Holy
Spirit

Additional Keypoints

 33 years old he died

 Jesus manifested Himself to His
disciples
 In 40th day, he ascended into heaven
 Christ the King is last day of Ordinary
Time, after which is Advent again
 What concludes liturgical year begins by
reminiscing second coming of Jesus

Advent has two (2) parts

 1st coming (9 days before Christmas)
 2nd coming (3 weeks before Christmas

Liturgical Colors
 Chasuble: poncho-like vestment that
goes over all the others. Chasubles come
in various colors to match the colors on
church seasons, holy days and feast days
 Green: color for hope used during
ordinary time
 Red: color for love and martyrdom is
used during Pentecost, the memorial of
martyrs, and Palm Sunday (Sunday
before Easter)
 White: color for rejoicing and
solemnities is used during Christmas,
Easter and Solemnities, and also for
sacramental rites