CHAPTER I: A SOCIAL GATHERING

Last day of October before All Soul’s Day, Captain Tiago organized a large dinner party
in his home. Many guests came so as not to miss an important social event since Captain Tiago is
a very wealthy, hospitable and a well known man in San Diego. Before the evening meal,
travelers, priests and soldiers speak to one another and discuss different issues of interest. One of
the visitors is Father Damaso who just came back in Philippines, eagerly explains to his listeners
his work three years ago in the country. He boasts that he made strong connections with the
townspeople, who he claims loved and respected him and talks so harsh about indios without
thinking what others feel whenever he open his mouth.

CHAPTER II: CRISOSTOMO IBARRA

Captain Tiago greeted the guests and introduces Don Juan Crisostomo Ibarra to the
chattering crowd who went silent except for several cries of surprise and confusion. Father
Damaso was surprised to know that Don Crisostomo Ibarra is the son of Don Rafael, who has
just returned from Europe for his 7 years of study. Ibarra warmly greets Father Damaso and
states that the friar was a very good friend of his father but the friar denies this close relationship.
Puzzled and confused Ibarra turned his back and find lieutenant Guevarra behind him who
eagerly welcomes the young man and wishes him a better fate than his father’s.

CHAPTER III: THE DINNER

The meal is ready and the guests gather at the dining table. Father Damaso and Father
Sibyla were talking to each other as they walk towards the head of the table, throwing worthless
praise upon each other in the hopes that one of them gets distracted and one will get the seat. At
the end, unable to make a decision who will seat in the head of table, both friars offered the seat
to lieutenant Guevarra but the lieutenant declines, not wanting to get involved. At this point, the
foods are served, rest of the seats is occupied and Don Crisostomo Ibarra noticed that Captain
Tiago is not seated yet so he offered his seat but the Captain refused. While eating, the guests
turn their attention to Ibarra asking about his studies in Europe and they learned that Ibarra went
to different countries and knows different languages. Afterwards, Ibarra announces his departure
but Captain Tiago pleaded him to stay and wait Maria Clara who will soon arrive but Ibarra still
insisted his departure. Friar Damaso laughed when Ibarra left and said indios don’t have the right
to study abroad since it will be useless.

CHAPTER IV: A HERETIC AND A SUBVERSIVE

Crisostomo Ibarra walks home that night and realized that Lt. Guevarra followed him.
Ibarra asked the lieutenant to tell and explain the death of his father to him, Lt. Guevarra told the
story of circumstances of his father’s death and warned him to be careful so he’ll not be the same
to his father’s unlucky fate. According to Lieutenant Guevarra, Ibarra’s father was the richest
man in their town, well respected but envied by some. Not long after Ibarra left the country, Don
Rafael made enemies and falsely accused of killing someone. Don Rafael was sent to jail and
named him as heretic and subversive. Guevarra assures Ibarra that he did his best in his power to
save Don Rafael. They won the case, lieutenant Guevarra successfully cleared Don Rafael’s
name but the Don died inside his jail cell.

CHAPTER V: A STAR IN THE DARK NIGHT

Crisostomo Ibara returns to the room where he will stay. In the distance, Captain Tiago’s
house can be seen from Ibarra’s window. Lively singing and loud noises can be heard, if Ibarra
wanted to go back, he could probably make it to the party but he was confused about his father’s
death. Instead, he can see an image of his poor father in jail cell, thinking how have been
extremely terrible his father’s life is in prison. Meanwhile, at the Captain Tiago’s house Maria
Clara arrives, Father Damaso smiles from ear to ear as the young lady stands next to him and her
presence excites the friar. As the party ends and the lights go out in Captain Tiago’s house,
Ibarra weeps himself to sleep.

CHAPTER VI: CAPTAIN TIAGO

A Filipino socialite and well-respected member of the country’s wealthy elite. Close with
high-ranking clergy members like Father Salví and Father Dámaso, Captain Tiago is one of the
richest property owners in Manila and San Diego. He is concerned with making sure his
daughter, María Clara, marries an affluent man with ample social capital, which is one of the
reasons he so quickly abandons his support of Ibarra when the friars disgrace the young man’s
name. As for his own disgrace, Captain Tiago is not actually María Clara’s biological father—
rather, his wife, Pia Alba had an affair with Father Dámaso before dying in childbirth. This is
perhaps why he is so concerned with keeping up the appearance of respectability, for his own
wife dishonored him. As such, he is blind to the vapid posturing of people like Doctor de
Espadaña, a fraudulent doctor for rich people, and his wife, Doña Victorina, an obvious social
climber. When they present their nephew Linares as a possible new match for María Clara,
Captain Tiago is quick to assent, thinking that such a pairing will ensure respectability.

CHAPTER VII: IDYLL IN AN AZOTEA

The next morning, Aunt Isabel and Maria Clara went to church. After the mass, Maria
Clara rushes away and went home patiently waiting for Ibarra, ignoring her Aunt’s preach about
how disrespectful her exit is in the church. At home, her family decides she will move to San
Diego. At this point, Crisostomo Ibarra arrives and immediately discusses his engagement to
Maria Clara with Captain Tiago. Afterwards, Maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra went to azotea
to have their privacy and talk privately. Together, they reminisced their childhood, talk about the
time they’ve been away from one another and Maria Clara read the letter he gave her before he
left for Europe. The letter unexpectedly tells the last interaction he had with his father that made
him stood suddenly and blushed. Hearing Maria Clara read the lines that his father told him,
Ibarra goes pale, Maria Clara asked why and he told her he must go because she made him forget
his tasks and need to go now because tomorrow is All Soul’s Day.

CHAPTER VIII: MEMORIES

Crisostomo Ibarra continues on his way to San Diego. He notices change in streets that
used to be full of potholes that prisoners used to fill while receiving whip lashes while people
riding in carriage passed by. Along his way, he saw Father Damaso riding in a fancy carriage
pulled by beautiful ponies. He passed by Arroceros where tobacco are manufactured and the
awful and offensive smells of the factory reminds him his childhood that he was once fainted
because of the unpleasant smell of tobacco. When he passed by the botanical garden, he forgot
about the happy memories and brings him back to the current moment, making him think of his
time in Europe.
 CHAPTER IX: SOME COUNTRY MATTERS
While Aunt Isabel is waiting for Maria Clara inside the carriage that were headed to the
abbey to fetch the maiden’s belongings, the fancy carriage of Father Damaso pull over and he
quickly went out while whispering something as he saw the ladies inside the carriage and
urgently went in the house of Captain Tiago to talk to him privately. Meanwhile, Father Sibyla is
in deep conversation with an old priest inflicted with a serious illness. Father Sibyla tells him the
quarrel happened last night between Ibarra and Father Damaso, and they exchange thought about
Ibarra. Back to the private conversation of Father Damaso and Captain Tiago, the friar blames
the captain for not being honest with him and for not trusting him even though he is the
godfather of Maria Clara. When Father Damaso leaves, Captain Tiago rushes to the shrine in his
home and blows the candle lit for Ibarra’s safe travel to San Diego.

CHAPTER X: THE TOWN

Ibarra’s family history is intertwined with the village of San Diego. Legends circulate
throughout the town about the resting place of his great-grandfather, an old Spanish man who
came to San Diego years ago, bought the forest from people who falsely claimed to own it,
retreated into the woods, and hung himself from a banana tree. Not long afterward, Ibarra’s
grandfather appeared and built a wall around the grave, married a woman from Manila, and
fathered Don Rafael. Don Rafael inherited his father’s farm and quickly gained respect from his
workers as the town of San Diego grew into what it is today.

CHAPTER XI: SOVEREIGNTY

San Diego is not run by the figures one might expect. Don Rafael, father of Crisostomo
Ibarra is known as the most powerful, well respected and richest man in San Diego but
townspeople are against him. Captain Tiago is a rich, influential businessman but doesn’t have
control and frequently yelled by the mayor. Doña Consolacion, wife of Alferez who acts like a
sophisticated woman but frequently gets herself involved to physical fights. Father Salvi, a thin
and youthful Franciscan friar who’s taking his job seriously and the Alferez who’s always
surrounded by civil guards and allow himself to be controlled by his wife. Father Salvi and the
Alferez are considered as the real powerful people in the town of San Diego.
 CHAPTER XII: ALL SAINT’S DAY
In San Diego’s Catholic cemetery, two men are digging a grave. One complains to the
other, who is a more experienced gravedigger, about the fact that they are digging into the site of
a recent grave. The experienced gravedigger makes fun of his companion, saying, “If you had
dug up a twenty-day-old corpse the way I have, at night, in the dark, in the rain…and my lantern
went out…The coffin came open and the body almost came out. It stunk. And we had to carry
it…” He goes on to tell his friend that the head priest ordered him to do this. At a certain point,
an old man approaches and asks the gravedigger where a skull he put in the cemetery has gone.
The gravedigger doesn’t know, and the old man berates him, accusing him of not understanding
how important his job is.

CHAPTER XIII: THE STORM BREWS

Crisostomo Ibarra went to graveyard to visit his father’s grave but the gravedigger
admitted to Ibarra that his father’s grave is no longer there, the head priest told him to dig and
remove the corpse of Don Rafael and transferred it to Chinese cemetery but the old gravedigger
thought that it would be better to drown the corpse in the lake than to be with Chinese so he
threw the corpse into the lake. Enraged and furious Ibarra left the graveyard, along his way, he
met Father Salvi whom he thought the head priest who ordered the gravedigger. Ibarra forcefully
get down on his knees the friar but the friar tells Ibarra that it wasn’t him it was Father Damaso
who is responsible for that ill act. Without apologizing, Ibarra rushes away, leaving Father Salvi
bended on his knees on the street.

CHAPTER XIV: PHILOSOPHER TACIO

Philosopher Tacio was called Don Anastacio before. He always wanders around and
looks like no sense of direction. He visited the cemetery to find the destroyed grave of his wife.
He is known as lunatic by the poor. He is a son of rich but because of his high intelligence, his
mother stopped him from going to school because she was worried he might get too much
knowledge and might forget that there is God. His mother also wants him to become a priest but
he didn’t followed and later on married but after a year his wife died. There, he focused himself
to books and never mind the riches he inherited.
 Tacio went to the church and saw Basilio and Crispin. He informed the two sacristans
that their mother is preparing them a festive dinner. He went out the church and headed to the
house of the couple Don Felipo and Doray. In their conversation Doray mentioned about
purgatory since it’s already All Soul’s Day. Tacio defends that he don’t believe in purgatory but
it’s good because it’s holy and there’s a lot good results to the people since it’s like a connection
of the living and dead. He then left because the rain is getting heavier with lightning and
thunders. But despite the weather, Tacio raised his two hands and shouts while walking in the
rain leaving the couple behind.

CHAPTER XV: THE SEXTONS

Basilio and Crispin, the two altar brothers had to go at the top of bell tower to ring the
bells at eight in the evening as the storm rages on. Crispin, the younger brother laments as he was
accused by stealing the parish priest’s lost money, he wishes they were at home with their
mother who’s expecting them for dinner and probably worried about them at this moment. The
mayor’s won’t let them go until ten but Crispin pointed out that the town’s curfew is at nine
o’clock. This correction upsets the sexton, he grabbed the younger brother and slaps Basilio
away. Crispin was tortured by the priest and sexton and Basilio luckily escaped.

CHAPTER XVI: SISA

As poor people in the outskirts of the village sleep or think of their loved ones—for
whom they must sacrifice their money to save from purgatory, since “heaven is expensive” and
the church won’t “save beloved souls for free”—Crispín and Basilio’s mother, Sisa, waits in the
darkness for her boys. She is an impoverished and luckless woman married to a gambling addict
who abuses her. On this night, though, she has prepared a decadent feast for her sons.
Unfortunately, her husband appears and eats the majority of the food before leaving again, telling
her to save for him any money the boys bring home. The night wears on and Sisa sobs, worried
about her sons. She prays for a moment and then an apparition of Crispín comes to life near the
fireplace. Just then, Basilio’s voice shakes her from this vision. “Mother, open up!” he says,
banging on the door.
 CHAPTER XVII: BASILIO
Basilio came home drenched with blood and runs to her mother’s arms. He told her
mother that the civil guards are chasing him and tried to stop him but he kept running so they
fired a bullet to him which he was wounded. Basilio also told his mother that Crispin was left in
the convent and admits that Crispin was accused of stealing money but he didn’t mentioned
about him being punished by the Sacristan Mayor and the friar. Sisa felt sad and cried because of
what he heard about Crispin, she sent Basilio to sleep since if their father comes seeing them,
they’ll just be beaten .Basilio requested that three of them would be better without their father.
Sisa deep inside her felt pain about what his son said. As Basilio is sleeping, he had a nightmare.
In his dreams, Crispin died in the cruel hands of the friar and Sacristan Mayor. Sisa woke him up
because of his loud cry and asked him what he dreamt. Basilio didn’t tell her and instead told
about his plans for them: to end them working in the convent; to ask for Ibarra’s help to hire him
as a caretaker of his animals; and if he’s big enough would ask Ibarra to give him a piece of land
where they can farm. According to Basilio, it will make their living better if ever his plans will
succeed. Sisa was delighted about his good plans for their better life but secretly cried because
her husband wasn’t included in Basilio’s plans.

CHAPTER XVIII: SOULS IN TORMENT

That morning, people noticed that Friar Salvi is sick while he had the mass this morning.
It is All Souls' Day, and the streets are filled with people talking about plenary indulgence and all
other religious practices and beliefs relating to the holiday. The young widows and workers are
busy talking and they didn’t notice when Sisa arrived. She makes her way to the convent to fetch
her son Crispin and expecting Crispin’s voice but she is told that the boy is not there and that the
little thief had stolen money and escaped. Sisa breaks down in tears and left the convent with her
confused mind.

CHAPTER XIX: ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOLMASTER

The teacher in the town of San Diego accompanies Ibarra to the part in the lake where
Don Rafael's body was found, and there Ibarra pays respects to the memory of his father. The
schoolteacher mentions to Crisostomo the great help of Don Rafael in providing for children's
needs for education in San Diego. The school teacher also mentioned about Friar Damaso who
always intervene in the decisions and rules of the school. When the schoolteacher grew ill he
stopped teaching and when he returned for his service, his students became few and the curate
wasn’t Friar Damaso anymore so he felt at ease and confidence, he tried to translate in Filipino
the books written in Spanish and added more subjects to teach the children. The story moves
Ibarra, and so he decides to build a school for the kids. This, he says, will do great honor and
justice to the memory of his father.

CHAPTER XX: THE MEETING AT THE CITY HALL

The town hall is a place where authoritative people held their meetings. From the lake,
Ibarra and the school teacher made their way to the town hall and the meeting about the feast is
about to begin. There are people deciding on what type of celebration that must be held, Don
Felipo is the one who organized the meeting and there are two types of political party in the
town, the old conservative group and the liberated youths. They are discussing about the coming
feast of San Diego. The meeting came to different topics and Captain Basilyo requests them to
make their statements brief, because time is gold and they were running out of time. Don Felipo
then presented the proposal about the expenses; they rejected it and the old conservative group
proposed that they should save money for the feast; no need for fireworks and the comedy show
should present social behaviors to diminish wicked manners. But then the discussion came to end
and the captain said they should just agree to what the friar wants. The final decision is to have
six processions, three homilies, three high mass and comedy show at Tondo. The two groups just
agreed to it.

CHAPTER XXI: A MOTHER’S TALE

Sisa is confused to what the civil guards told her and runs all the way home. She kept
worrying how she can save her two sons and that she desperately wants to protect them from the
civil guards. When she was near her home she saw two civil guards leaving their home, she felt
released because Basilio wasn’t with them. The civil guards asked Sisa where they kept the
money Crispin stole. They force her to admit it but then even Sisa tried to please them, they
didn’t hear and carelessly dragged her to the headquarters. Sisa nearly dies of shame from the
sharp stares of the people who just finished the mass. Meanwhile, the Alferez was troubled and
then command the guards to let Sisa out. She went back again their house and called her sons
names but there were no signs of them. She became nervous and her body uncontrollably
shaking when he sees Basilio’s shirt with blood stained on it. The next day she wandered along
the streets crying, shouting and all the people sees her with fright.

CHAPTER XXII: LIGHT AND SHADOW

Maria Clara is together with her Aunt Isabel or the feast in San Diego. Everyone was
talking about and excited to see a glimpse of her since it’s been long time since she got back to
her birthplace. And everyone loves her for being sweet-natured, kind and beautiful. Friar Salvi is
among the people who were withdrawn since her arrival. When Ibarra came, a lot even talked
about them and Ibarra always visit her. She was glad because they’ll have picnic tomorrow and
she begged him not to invite Friar Salvi but Ibarra insisted the Friar should be there since it can’t
be avoided. On Ibarra’s way home, he met Sisa and her husband seeking for help for their sons.
But Ibarra, don’t have enough time to talk with them.

CHAPTER XXIII: A FISHING EXPEDITION

Ibarra and María Clara go on the planned outing the next morning, taking with them
María Clara’s friends Sinang, Victoria,Iday, Nenang, their mothers, and several of Ibarra’s
friends. Two boatmen—one elderly and one roughly the same age as Ibarra—row them to a
remote beach, where they cast fishing rods in the hopes of catching something to eat. They
eventually discover, though, that there’s a crocodile stuck in the muck beneath the boat. The
younger boatman jumps into the water, lassoing the crocodile and bringing it above the surface
level. As the crocodile thrashes about, it drags the boatman back into the water. Ibarra quickly
dives in to save the man, driving his knife into the crocodile’s tender belly. “I owe you my life,”
the boatman says after the ordeal is over. The group then goes back to celebrate in the woods
surrounding Ibarra’s house.

CHAPTER XXIV: IN THE FOREST

Friar Salvi goes through the mass hurriedly in order to join in the picnic, as Ibarra had
invited him. When he arrives he secretly follows the ladies around as they look for a certain
bird's nest. He was so happy and plans to follow them but then he proceeds to the picnic area
where the fun is. Suddenly Sisa came, Ibarra offered her food but Sisa hurriedly went away. In
the middle of all the interesting amusement, the civil guards arrive in search of Elias. Although
they are unable to capture the man and he is nowhere to be found, the ladies decided to go home.

CHAPTER XXV: IN THE PHILOSOPHER’S HOUSE

Ibarra visits the home of Philosopher Tacio that looks almost like a library with all his
many books and he saw him writing heirographics in Filipino. They talked about a variety of
things like language, history, geography, and nature. They also talk about Elias and how the
picnic went the day before. Ibarra learns that it was Dona Consolacion, the "muse of the civil
guards," who ordered Elias's arrest. Crisostomo tells the old man the reason for his visit to ask
for advice regarding his plans of building a schoolhouse. Philosopher Tacio responds by telling
Ibarra that he had come to the wrong person; that he should rather consult Friar Salvi, the
captain, and all the other men in office. Asking for their advice, Philosopher Tacio does not
necessarily mean that Ibarra has to follow them, only that the latter must make it seem like he
has high regard for their opinion on the matter. Ibarra mentioned about building a schoolhouse
and he wants his advice, Philosopher Tacio was overwhelmed and further advises him to keep
his head down among the friars.

CHAPTER XXVI: FESTIVAL EVE

On the 10th of November, the streets of San Diego are bedazzled with colorful
decorations, there are fireworks, majestic music played by the bands, and all the kitchens are
busy preparing for varieties of delicious foods. To the house of the rich, the foods are all served
including ham and duck, beers and wines from Europe. One of the more notable preparations
involves the school, which is under construction and shaping up to be a magnificent building.
The architect oversees the work, walking over to a yellowish man involved in hoisting up a
collection of wood. The yellow man convinces him that the bigger they make the structure, the
more respect it will command. Ibarra confidently reports to Philosopher Tacio the obvious
success of his new project. The sage in return responds, "If you are greeted with smiles, be more
watchful of enemies hiding in the shadows”.
 CHAPTER XXVII: AT NIGHTFALL
As the town prepares for the fiesta, Captain Tiago also gears up for celebration. He
speaks with Ibarra—his future son-in-law—about the school’s name, urging the young man to
call it the Saint Francis School instead of the School of Primary Instruction, the name on which
Ibarra has already settled. Maria asked permission from her father to go out with her friend and
Ibarra; he let her but advised her to come back before supper because Father Damaso will be
joining them. Captain Tiago also invited Ibarra but he reasoned out that they are waiting for
guests in their home. Maria and Ibarra went out with Iday and Victoria and at their back her Aunt
Isabel. Along the way they meet an old leper. Out of pity, Maria Clara gives to the leper her
scapular as a gift and the leper bows to the ground, putting his face in her footprints to show his
gratitude. As he kneels this way, Sisa approaches and touches him. She is then taken away by a
soldier, chanting insane things about her lost children.

CHAPTER XXVIII: LETTERS

The newspapers in Manila describes about the feast happening at San Diego and no any
town can be compared to how grand and fanciful the feast. In the feast, they wondered why
Ibarra wasn’t around. Rumors of him being sick made Maria Clara worried so she writes a letter
to Ibarra because she hasn’t seen him. In a letter from María Clara to Ibarra, she tells her lover
that she misses seeing him—because he has apparently been sick for the last couple of days—
and says that Father Dámaso has been keeping her company in the meantime.

CHAPTER XXIX: THE MORNING

Early in the morning, Don Filipo and Old Tacio is having a conversation about how
ridiculous the town is for throwing such extravagant festival and spent too much money for it.
Tacio persuades Don Filipo to resign from his post as deputy mayor since mayor is controlled
too much by Father Salvi. Meanwhile, the people are excited to hear the preach of Father
Damaso for festival’s high concluding mass but unfortunately, the guest speaker wasn’t able to
attend the mass because of illness. Eight o’clock in the morning, the procession started with
fireworks and church songs. The procession pass by at Captain Tiago’s house where Maria
Clara, Ibarra and other Spaniards staying.
 CHAPTER XXX: IN THE CHURCH
A huge number of people gathered in the church and everyone wants to touch the holy
water. The sermon is paid for P250 including the comedy show that will perform for three nights.
They feel okay to pay even it’s very expensive and the once who will watch the comedy will go
to hell while the ones who will listen to the sermon will go to heaven. The Alferez is late, and the
mass does not start until after he arrives. When the Alferez came with his civil guards and some
people thought he’s wearing like a comedian. Ibarra sits in a corner, and when Father Dámaso
ascends to the pulpit, the two men make eye contact. Father Damaso begins the mass and
everyone puts their attention to the mass and eagerly wants to listen.

CHAPTER XXXI: THE SERMON

Father Damaso proves that he can deliver the sermon in both Spanish and Tagalog.
Father Sibyla and Father Martin are amazed to how he delivers the words. The sermon has two
parts: the first one is in Spanish, and the second in Tagalog. Father Damaso only prepares for the
first part, which unfortunately also turns into a disaster when he inserts cunning comments about
Ibarra when he saw him seat in the corner. The friar's dictator becomes lost in his reading, since
there are no notes written there regarding such hateful accusations against the youth. When time
comes to start the second part of the sermon, which is in Tagalog, Damaso does not conduct it
very well, thinking that none of the natives understand proper rhetoric. The friar overhears a
student in the crowd remark that the he is probably speaking Greek, and Father Damaso becomes
furious. A lot became sleepy, Captain Tiago yawns and Maria wasn’t listening at all since she’s
busy looking at Ibarra where he’s seated. Father Salvi signals Father Damaso to end the sermon
but he still continued it. After the mass, Elias approaches Ibarra to give him warning –do not go
near Father Salvi, don’t go to the trench or near the cornerstone because it is a matter of death
and living.

CHAPTER XXXII: THE CRANE

Nol Juan praises the great workmanship done by the yellowish man on the pulley. The
yellowish man is most likely suffering from malaria, which was a common disease during those
days, or a disorder of the liver. When asked where he learned such skills, the youth replies that
he was taught by his father who learned it from Don Saturnino. The yellowish man's father was a
worker of Don Saturnino, Crisostomo's great-grandfather, who might have undergone great
torture, suffering, and forced labor while he was in service. Elias, disguised as a local farmer,
observes that the yellowish man is apparently impatient and nervous as he grasps onto the rope
of the pulley bearing the cornerstone. Elias positions himself beside the yellow man in
eagerness, and winks at Ibarra to remind him of the warning he said earlier during the mass.
Later when Ibarra descends to the quarry, the beam of the pulley suddenly breaks, letting loose
the cornerstone which crushes the yellowish man to death, but leaves Ibarra unharmed.
Philosopher Tacio was among the ones who witnessed it and whispers it’s a bad start.

CHAPTER XXXIII: FREEDOM OF THOUGHT

Later that day, Elias went near to Ibarra saying that he had just returned the favor that
Ibarra gave when he save Elias in crocodile incident before. Elias informs Ibarra about his
enemies and reminded him that it is good for his enemy to think that Ibarra isn’t ready at all
times when danger comes. Basically, the enemies are not Ibarra’s but it’s his ancestor’s. Elias
doubted the yellowish man because he never asks for a higher salary despite of its incredible
ideas and knowledge about things. Ibarra tries to discover who Elias is, and if he’s a scholar but
before he could ask for further information about the young man, Elias immediately left since he
thought that many guests wants to talk with Ibarra.

CHAPTER XXXIV: THE BANQUET

At night, Ibarra hosts a large dinner party. Famous people are present in the banquet
except for Father Damaso. Ibarra and the mayor seated on the either side of the long table. In
attendance are Captain Tiago, the Alferez, town captain and the captain-general who informs
Captain Tiago that he will visit the banquet. When the guests didn’t notice the appearance of
Father Damaso, they started talking about the priest’s sermon during the mass. On the other
hand, Father Salvi remained silent and motionless in his seat and an uninvited guest arrives,
Father Damaso. During the toast for Ibarra, Father Damaso interrupts and started throwing
hateful comments towards Ibarra and ridicule Don Rafael’s death, Ibarra loses his calm and
attacks the friar, holding a knife on his hand, Maria Clara quickly snatch the knife before he
could further physically hurt the friar, causing Ibarra to look at her and speedily left the place.
 CHAPTER XXXV: THE COMMENT
After the incident happened between Ibarra and Father Damaso during luncheon, news
spread like a wildfire and most influential people in town discuss the situation among
themselves, pondering what they can do to protect Ibarra, given all he and his father have done in
San Diego. One of them is Don Filipo, curious what he can do to shield and keeps Ibarra away
from harm but the town’s mayor butt in stating the fact that whatever they can do to protect
Ibarra and whatever happens, friars will always be right. Don Filipo rebutted, friars can
manipulate things because officials like them can do nothing. The mayor reminds him that the
church is “rich and united,” while the government in the Philippines is “divided and poor.”
Exasperated, Don Filipo resigns as deputy mayor.

CHAPTER XXXVI: THE FIRST CLOUD

As punishment to Ibarra’s cruelty and impudence towards Father Damaso, he was
sentenced of excommunicated from the church. Because of this, Captain Tiago didn’t allow
Maria Clara to meet and talk with Ibarra until the sentence is lifted. In addition, Father Damaso
calls off the engagement of Maria Clara and Ibarra because the friar wants Maria to marry his
relative Spaniard. The maiden cried and went to his room after hearing the news just as the
Captain-General arrives who wants to talk with her.

CHAPTER XXXVII: HIS EXCELLENCY

Captain General arrives in Captain Tiago’s house and wishes to see and would like to
speak to Ibarra but Ibarra is not present in the place, they told him to wait in the antechamber as
Ibarra is still to be called upon. As soon as the Captain-General reach the place where he’s
staying, he immediately asks who Father Damaso is and quickly insult the friar. Ibarra arrives
and discusses with captain-general. They exchange ideas and opinions and the captain general
grows fond of the youth. After discourse, captain-general promise Ibarra that he will talk to the
Archbishop to lift his excommunication and asks Ibarra to have him in their wedding of Maria
Clara as their godfather. Ibarra went to Maria Clara’s room but instead, Sinang showed up then
said he’ll just write letter to her. Ibarra left Captain Tiago’s house confused.
 CHAPTER XXXVIII: THE PROCESSION
Another procession is held in San Diego where different images of saints are displayed
such as the Virgin Mary, who is pulled in a cart by people dressed as ghosts. When it passes in
Captain Tiago’s house, Maria Clara sings ave maria in a very low and melancholy melody which
makes people who can hear will ponder what causes her pain and sorrow. Amidst the
celebrations, police officers beat back onlookers to make sure the streets remain clear. Ibarra is
disgusted by the vigor these officers apply to the task, and he asks the mayor if “they hand out
these blows as punishment for one’s sins or merely because they enjoy it.” The Captain
General overhears this and agrees with Ibarra, saying it would be “better to ban” this kind of
celebration. Captain General invited Ibarra to join them later in dinner to discuss the loss of
Crispin and Basilio.

CHAPTER XXXIX: DOÑA CONSOLACION

Despite of colorful ornaments around the town of San Diego, lively sounds in every
house in the town, the Alferez’s house remains dark. The Alferez won’t allow his wife to attend
mass because he’s actually ashamed to show off the vile and horrible image of his wife. Sisa,
who was taken into custody for creating social disturbance, has been in the barracks for two days
now. Sisa hears Maria Clara's mournful song, and sings a sad ballad herself. The civil guards
stay silent, listening. Dona Consolacion hears the woman, and forces her to sing and dance for
her own amusement. When Sisa won’t follow her orders, he would whip her and her thin clothes
were torn. Dona Consolacion feels happy to what she’s doing since she passed her madness to
her. The alferez arrives shortly, and commands his servant to dress Sisa, feed her, give her a
suitable bed for the night, and then bring her to Ibarra the following day.

CHAPTER XL: RIGHT AND MIGHT

Ten o’clock in the evening at the theater, Ibarra arrives and in that very moment the priest
approaches Don Filipino and ask him to eject Ibarra, but Don Filipo refuse and reasoned out that
Ibarra is one of the heavy contributors of the play and has the right to be there as long as he keep
himself discreet and doesn’t disturb the peace. As a result, all of the priest present in the theater
leave. After awhile, commotion happened when some civil guards creates a chaotic scene in
theater. Don Filipo ask Elias and Ibarra for help to calm the people but later on, the newspaper
writer wrote an article about it but it say that it was Father Salvi who was responsible for calming
the mob when in fact during the commotion, the friar followed Maria Clara on her way home.

CHAPTER XLI: TWO VISITORS

While Ibarra passes time in his laboratory, later on his servant came in and told him he
have a visitor, it was Elias with the news of Maria Clara's illness. The lady had apparently
caught fever. Ibarra asks Elias how he was able to stop the riot the night before. Shortly after
Elias leaves, Ibarra heads toward Captain Tiago's house to visit Maria Clara. Along the way he
comes across Lucas, the brother of the yellowish man who had attempted to kill Ibarra, who asks
him for money for his grieving family. Ibarra, aggravated, tells the man to return in the
afternoon. Lucas followed Ibarra with his eyes and murmurs he really is an Ibarra like his
ancestors who let his family suffer but if Ibarra pays him a huge amount, they’ll be friends.

CHAPTER XLII: ESPADANAS COUPLE

The festival finally over, Captain Tiagoinvites Doctor de Espadaña and his wife,Doña
Victorina, to stay with them while the doctor treats María Clara, who is still ill. Doña Victorina is
a Filipina social climber whom Captain Tiago used to love. She never accepted his advances,
though, because she wanted to marry a Spaniard. Because of this, she aged past her prime before
finally marrying Don Tiburcio de Espadaña, a Spaniard who arrived in the Philippines as a
customs officer but was promptly dismissed. Don Tiburcio saw how badly Victorina wanted a
Spanish husband and proposed to her to secure financial support. Once married, she encouraged
him to pretend he was a doctor. He now sees very wealthy patients to give the impression that he
is in high demand. With the de Espadañas is Don Tiburcio’s Spanish nephew, Linares,
whom Victorinahas convinced to travel to the Philippines in order to escort her to Spain. This
trip never takes place, though, and Linaresremains with the couple. At lunch, Linares asks
after Father Damaso and learns from Father Salví that the priest will be stopping by that
afternoon. As Doña Victorina eagerly introduces María Clarato her nephew, Father Dámaso
enters the room.
 CHAPTER XLIII: PLANS
After Don Tiburcio de Espadana checks on Maria Clara and gives her a prescription,
Friar Damaso arrives and talks with her, he breaks down in tears telling Maria won’t die. Maria
was shocked to how the friar acted. He went to the balcony and cried like a child, they said he’s
such a good godfather to Maria. The friar is introduced to Linares, and summons up a plan to
arrange the marriage to Maria Clara. Meanwhile, Lucas is formulating a plan to harm Ibarra.
Friar Salvi also has plans of his own. Lucas greeted him and talked about his brother’s death that
Ibarra only gave him P500. Friar Salvi was pissed off and said he’s lucky Ibarra didn’t put him to
jail.

CHAPTER XLIV: AN EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE

Friar Salvi is alone with Maria Clara for the confession. She just talked all about her
mother that she never even had a chance to see her mother since she died when it gave birth to
Maria. She begins to feel well after a few hours, and according to Dona Victorina, it was all
because of Don Tiburcio's skill and expertise. Friar Salvi, on the other hand, says that it was
because of her confession that made her well. When the friar leaves Maria Clara's room, he
appears rather pale and is covered in perspiration knowing about Maria Clara’s true story of her
birth, and the identity of her biological father.

CHAPTER XLV: THE PERSECUTED

Elias finally succeeded in locating Captain Pablo. Elias told him that he had spent fifteen
days looking for him from mountain to mountain and nearly travelled the whole of two
provinces. Before, Captain Pablo was the one who took care of Elias out of pity when he saw
him wandering around, now it seems that their situation changed. Captain Pablo was then a rich
man who belonged in a family of fame and fortunate but when his daughter got raped by a friar,
his family fight back but they just been arrested and suffered. He was a coward but now he said
that he’ll take revenge.

CHAPTER XLVI: THE COCKPIT

The two brothers whose father died at the hands of the Civil Guard—the ones who
helped Elias stop the riot at the theater—visit the gambling house, where the townspeople bet on
cockfights. While people like Captain Tiago and Captain Basilio throw their money around, the
brothers—Társilo and Bruno—speak withLucas, who tells them he will give them thirty pesos
apiece if they organize an attack on the barracks. He tells them this money is coming
from Ibarra, who will come the following night to deliver weapons. In two days, Lucas says, he
himself will meet them in the cemetery to give them their final instructions.

XLVII: TWO LADIES

Dona Victorina keeps flashing her eccentric clothes on the streets even it wasn’t unpaved
and dust all over her gown. Many young ladies they met admired her beautiful gown. When she
and Don Tiburcio pass by the house of the Alferez, Dona Consolacion secretly mocks and
ridicules her and her crippled husband. The two women start exchanging insults and almost get
into a fight that is avoided by the arrival of the Alferez and Padre Salvi. To defend her honor,
Dona Victorina asks Linares to challenge the Alferez to a duel.

XLVIII: AN ENIGMA
The archbishops lifted the penalty of excommunication of Ibarra. The bachelor went to
see Maria Clara but he finds the maiden with Linares and felt jealous, he says he’ll just come
back and proceeds to schoolhouse which is under construction at a good pace. He spot Elias
helping out in the construction and approach the young man. Elias asks Ibarra if he could speak
for him later as he wanted to discuss some important matters regarding Captain Pablo and the
rest of prosecuted men. Elias then walks away, and Nol Juan approaches Ibarra and gave him the
lists of workers. Ibarra found that Elias is not in the list.

XLIX: VOICE OF THE PERSECUTED

Crisostomo Ibarra goes to the riverside where he had agreed to meet with Elias. Elias tells
him of the purpose of the meeting to address the concerns and needs of those who are hunted and
persecuted. They demand respect for human rights, a little more tranquility in the lives of the
locals, and diminished power of the friars and the civil guards. He asks Ibarra to find a way to
diminish the power of the friars and the civil guards but Ibarra refuses and says that the friars and
the civil guards are "necessary evils."
 CHAPTER L: ELIAS’s FAMILY
Elias tells his story to Ibarra. He narrates how disastrous the lives of his ancestors is sixty
years ago. He’s great-grandfather was a bookkeeper for a Spanish merchant in Manila. One
night, the warehouse catches fire and the merchant blames his great-grandfather in that incident
and as a punishment, the old man was dragged by the horse in public. Everybody despise him
except his wife who was then pregnant. Nobody offered money, so his wife was forced to
entered prostitution. Soon after, they lived in the mountain where his wife gives birth but the
baby dies soon thereafter. Unable to take the grief, his great-grandfather hangs himself in front of
his living son. After years, their son married a rich woman, and together they had a twins, which
are Elias and his sister, who were both educated in Manila. However, the dark past of his family
history unveiled that causes them lose all what they have. Elias’ grandfather dies out of shame,
his twin sister drowned herself into the lake and Elias continues to live and he has been
wandering the streets as people defame his name and fear him.

CHAPTER LI: CHANGES

Dona Victorina wrote a letter to Linares, who is currently still living in Captain Tiago's
house. She tells him that he have to duel with the Alferez after three days. If this plan does not
push through, she says, she will tell Captain Tiago of his lies and pretenses. Ibarra arrives and
secretly asks Sinang to find a way for him to talk with Maria Clara privately. He asked Sinang if
Maria Clara is angry at him. Father Salvi tells Linares, Maria Clara, and Capitan Tiago that
Ibarra’s excommunication has been lifted, and the last obstacle is for Ibarra to apologize to
Father Damaso.

CHAPTER LII: THE CARD OF THE DEAD AND THE SHADOWS

The road to the cemetery is narrow; the moon is hiding behind dark clouds and it was
cold since it’s near December. Three men are talking. They are Pedro, Tarsilo, and Bruno. Pedro
will attack the convent to avenge his wife and sons; the two brothers will head for the barracks to
exact revenge upon the soldiers, who were responsible for their father's death. A few minutes
later, Lucas arrives and instructs them to attack the barracks and the church. Elias, after spying
on Lucas, finds out about the plan that will incriminate Ibarra.
 CHAPTER LIII: A GOOD DAY IS FORETOLD BY THE MORNING
The next morning, the news spreads about the flickering of lights and moving shadows in
cemetery and the people believes that those are the souls of the dead people mourning in their
dead body. Tacio who was bedridden that night, had a discourse with Don Filipo who recently
resigned from the office of the mayor. Filipo points out the corruption of the mayor, as evidence
–the mayor freed the civil guards he had imprisoned who started the riot in the theater. Tasio told
Don Filipo that the primary fight is not against the mayor but against the abuse of power. After a
bit, Tasio predicts his death, which he says will come in few days.

CHAPTER LIV: DISCOVERY

Father Salvi went to the Alferez to tell him that the town is in danger. Father Salvi
disclose the plan of rebels that they will overpower the barracks, attack the parish house and kill
all the town’s Spaniards. The Alferez snaps to attention and quickly ready his soldiers quietly as
Father Salvi ordered so that their enemies won’t be bothered and think they know the impending
attack. Meanwhile, Elias rushes to Ibarra house to inform him about the coming attack and he
was accused by leading the rebellion. Elias immediately tells him to run and escape, also urging
him to burn all the documents and any evidence that might implicate him. Elias helps collecting
Ibarra’s things and one of these he find a piece of paper with the name of Spanish merchant who
embarrassed his great-grandfather years ago. He asked Ibarra why Ibarra has the name of
Spanish merchant, and Ibarra replied that it was his great-grandfather. Elias was surprised. Elias
lives for only one purpose. That is to have revenge on the descendants of that Spanish
Merchants. Elias furiously went to Ibarra’s weapon collection and about to charge Ibarra with
daggers but at that moment he came to his senses and hurriedly left the house.

CHAPTER LV: CATASTROPHE

In Captain Tiago’s house, there is nervous Father Salvi pacing back and forth not wanting
to leave. Sinang approaches Maria Clara who is sitting near the piano and whispers something to
her. Ibarra hears shots, he hurriedly run towards the barracks where guards have captured the
rebels then returns to his house just to burn the pile of his belongings but before he can do so, the
guards came and arrested him. He goes with them without any protest. Elias then returns to
Ibarra’s house and burn all the evidence that could accuse Ibarra. Guards came back to confiscate
Ibarra’s documents but the house is already on fire, fire that Elias sets up.

CHAPTER LVI: FACT AND FANCY

The rebellion failed. Gossips and rumors spread in the town of San Diego. Townsmen
find out that Don Filipo and Ibarra were arrested. Bruno confessed that Ibarra is responsible in
the rebellion that he wants to take revenge to Captain Tiago for calling off his wedding and
engagement to Maria Clara. Hence, Lucas’s body is found hanging in the tree, disguised as
peasant and believed that he killed himself but the truth is he was killed by the chief sexton.

CHAPTER LVII: WOE TO THE VANQUISHED

In the courthouse, Doña Consolacion is enjoying the view as she witnessed the
interrogation and torture of the prisoners. Tarsilo and Andong are the only survivors in the
rebellion. Father Salvi, the Alferez and the mayor brings out Tarsilo and forced him to admit that
it was Ibarra’s plan but he didn’t admit it, perhaps the only reason he joined the rebellion is
primarily to avenge his father’s death. Because of admitting the truth, he was tortured and
accepts multiple beatings while looking at laughing Doña Consolacion whom he laughs and
embarrass her by commenting that she was the ugliest woman he had ever seen. The Alferez was
furious about what Tarsilo said to his wife, he let Tarsilo drown in the well.

CHAPTER LVIII: THE CULPRIT

All prisoners have been caught in the rebellion have been tied up except for Ibarra and
sent them out at 2 o’clock in the afternoon to march in the street. The townspeople insult Ibarra
calling him heretic and blame him for the dark fate of their loved ones in imprisonment. Ibarra
looks around the crowd, looking for a friend but not even Nol Juan, the schoolmaster, and
Captain Basilio is in sight. Ibarra felt hopeless, abandoned by his country, lover, and friends.
From a hilltop, there is Philosopher Tacio, watching the prisoners march along the street. He
couldn’t go to them because of his illness. He is found the next day, dead.
 CHAPTER LIX: HOMELAND AND INTEREST
Friars speak about the news of Ibarra’s supposed revolt that was discovered by Father
Salvi, using it as an excuse to throw a religious feast and toast. Meanwhile, at Captain Tinong’s
house, he and his wife laments the downfall of their friend captain Tiago, realizing that he must
cut all association with the man because of Tiago’s affiliation with Ibarra. The news circulated
even in the higher society that it reaches the Captain-General, making him cut his good
relationship with Ibarra.

CHAPTER LX: WEDDING PLANS FOR MARIA CLARA

The suspects are all in jail but except for Captain Tiago who’s very glad because no one
noticed him and wasn’t accused. Captain Tinong is freed, but is terribly ill and does not want to
go out of the house. Not even Don Primitivo himself, with all the wisdom of the ancients, could
draw him out of his silence. The Espadana couple and Linares arrive at Captain Tiago's house.
They agree that Linares and Maria Clara wed the soonest time possible, and Captain Tiago
immediately attends to the wedding preparations the following day. Maria Clara goes to the
azotea, Ibarra climbs up and tells the maiden how he feels that she has betrayed her but when she
explained that she gave the letters in exchange of her mother’s letters, he had already forgiven
her. She swears to Ibarra that she’s only in love with him.

CHAPTER LXI: PURSUIT ON THE LAKE

As Elias and Ibarra rows the boat on the lake, Elias promise Ibarra that he will hide him
to a friend’s house in other town while he goes to Ibarra’s grandfather’s grave to get the money
he hides there. While in the lake, the civil guards chased them. Elias suggests Ibarra that he will
pretend to be him so he could mislead the civil guards that chasing them. Before he could jump
off the lake, Elias and Ibarra made an agreement that they should meet on Christmas Eve at his
grandfather’s tomb in the woods. Then Elias leaps into the water and swims for a long period of
time before he could mislead the guards that they even think they shot Ibarra when they saw the
traces of blood in the water.
 CHAPTER LXII: FATHER DAMASO EXPLAINS
The news of death of Ibarra spreads in the town. Maria Clara knew about it, she’s
uninterested to anything other than the news she find out. She was down, feeling blue and began
weeping. Father Damaso comes up behind her and tries to cheerfully surprise her but Maria
Clara didn’t mind the friar. Father Damaso ask her what’s wrong, the maiden began to cry on his
shoulders and asking Father Damaso to persuade Captain Tiago cancel the wedding, but Father
Damaso didn’t allow it. He reasoned out that he interfered because he only wants the best for
her. Maria Clara replied that if it’s not Ibarra then she will just enter the convent be a nun. She
asks Father Damaso for permission to enter the convent, the friar approved.

CHAPTER LXIII: CHRISTMAS EVE

On Christmas Eve, young Basilio returned to San Diego to look for his mother. In this
moment, he saw his mother runs through the wood and he followed her. Sisa enters a wooden
gate that blocks off the tomb of Ibarra’s grandfather. Basilio tries to talk to his mentally ill
mother, and let her recognize him by hugging and kissing her but the two of them didn’t get a
chance to talk to each other. Sisa died soon after she identified her son. Minutes later, Elias
arrives asking young Basilio if he saw Ibarra in the place. The boy didn’t answer. Elias explains
to the boy that he will die soon so he ordered to cremate his body and Sisa’s body.