WORK STUDY- METHOD
STUDY,TIME STUDY
Group : 4
INTRODUCTION
● With increasing complexities of the technological world,
need to simplify the work system has been increasing
day by day
● Work study is an area of knowledge that addresses the
problem of work simplification with the basic objectives
Of
● PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
● HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY
WORK STUDY - DEFINITION
● Work study is defined as that body of knowledge concerned with the
analysis of the work methods and the equipment used in performing a
job, the design of an optimum work method and the standardization of
proposed work methods.
● Work study is also understood as a systematic objective and critical
examination of the factors affecting productivity for the purpose of
improvement.
● It make use of techniques of method study and work measurement to
ensure the best possible use of human and material resources in carrying
out specific activity.
WORK STUDY
WORK
METHOD STUDY
MEASUREMENT
TIME STUDY MOTION STUDY
WORK STUDY - PROCEDURES
1. Select the job or the process or the operation to be studied
2. Record all relevant facts about the job or process or operation using
suitable charting techniques such as operation process charts, flow
process charts etc..
3. Examine critically all the recorded facts ,questioning the purpose
place,sequence,person and the means of doing the
job/process/operation.
4. Develop the new method for the job/process/operation
PROCEDURES (continued)
5. Measure the work content and establish the standard time using an
appropriate work measurement technique
6. Define the new method for the job/process/operation
7. Install the new method as standard practice.
8. Maintain the new method for the job/process/operation
Benefits of work study
1. Increased productivity and operational efficiency
2. Reduced manufacturing cost.
3. Improved work place layout.
4. Better manpower planning and capacity planning
5. Fair wages to employees.
6. Better working conditions to employees
7. Improved work flow.
8. Reduced material handling cost.
9. Provides a Standard of Performance to measure labour efficiency.
10. Better Industrial Relations and Employee morale.
11. Basis for sound incentive schemes.
METHOD STUDY
Method Study is a technique to reduce the work content by analysing
each operation of a given piece of work very closely in order to eliminate
unnecessary operations/movements by workers, materials or equipments
Definition: Method study can be defined as “Systematic recording and
critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means
of developing and applying easier and more effective method and thereby
reducing costs”.
METHOD STUDY - Objectives
1. To study the existing / proposed method of doing any job or activity.
2. To develop an improved method to improve productivity and to reduce
operating cost.
3. To reduce excessive material handling movement and thereby reduce
fatigue of workmen.
4. To improve utilization of workers.
5. To eliminate wasteful and inefficient motions.
6. To standardize work methods or processess,working
conditions,machinery,equipment and tools.
Recording techniques for method study
Charts
Diagrams
● Flow diagrams
● String diagram
Micro motions chart
Macro motion charts
● Operations process chart
● Flow process chart
● Two handed process chart
● Multiple activity chart
Method study - procedures
1. Select job/process to be examined & observe current performance and
define objectives to be achieved by method study.
● high process cost, bottlenecks, tortuous route, low productivity,
erratic quality
2. Record & document facts such as given below using the recording
techniques used for method study.
● Activities performed
● operators involved - how etc
● equipment and tools used
● materials processed or moved
3. Apply critical examination -Critical examination is done by questioning
technique. The individual activity is examined by putting a number of
questions. The following factors are questioned
○ Purpose
○ Place
○ Sequence
○ Person
○ Means
4. Develop the improved method by generating several alternatives and
selecting the best method. That is review ideas, eliminate, simplify, combine,
rearrange, make new method which more safe and chart new method.
5. Define - Once a complete study of a job has been made and a new method
is developed, it is necessary to obtain the approval of the management before
installing it. The work study man should prepare a report giving details of the
existing and proposed methods. He should give his reasons for the changes
suggested.
6. Install the improved method in three phases- planning, arranging and
implementation phases.
7. Maintain the new method by ensuring that the installed method is
functioning well
Method study-Steps Select
Record
Examine
OK?
Develop
Implement
Maintain
Work Measurement
WORK MEASUREMENT - The application of technique designed to establish
time for a qualified worker to carry out a task at a defined rate of working at a
defined level of performance
Objectives
1. Finding ineffective time in an activity
2. Setting standards (norms) for output level
3. Performance evaluation – capability management
4. Capacity management
5. Comparing work methods
6. Scheduling – facility operations
7. Establishing wage incentives schemes
TIME STUDY
● One of the most common types of work measurement is time study
● Application on Short cycle repetitive jobs. Widely used for direct work.
● OBSERVATIONS : A qualified practitioner should observe the employee
using a time measurement device. The observer should also assess the
quality of work
● OBSERVED PERSON : The observed person in the time study must be fully
trained in the measured task
Time study - Basic steps
1. Define the task to be studied
2. Divide the task into precise elements
3. Decide how many times to measure the task
4. Time and record element times and rating of performance
5. Determine performance rating and normal time.
6. Determining the 'standard time' for the operation
5. Compute average observed time
Sum of the times recorded to perform each element
Average observed time =
Number of observations
6. Determine performance rating and normal time
Average Performance
observed rating factor
Normal time = time
7.Add the normal times for each element to develop the total normal time for
the task
8. Compute the standard time
Standard time= total normal time/1-allowance factor
SELECT
Time study - Steps :
OBTAIN & RECORD
DEFINE
MEASURE
DETERMINE
EXTEND
COMPUTE
Time study methods
There are two methods of timing using a stop watch.
1. Fly back Method: Here the stop watch is started at the beginning of the first
element. At the end of the element the reading is noted in the study sheet. At the
same time, the stop watch hand is snapped back to zero. This is done by pressing
down the knob, immediately the knob is released. The hand starts moving from
zero for timing the next element. Thus the timing for each element found is called
observed time.
2. Continuous method: Here the stop watch is started at the beginning of the
first element. The watch runs Continuously throughout the study. At the end of
each element the watch readings are recorded on the study sheet. The time for
each element is calculated by successive subtraction. The final reading of the stop
watch gives the total time known as observed time.
