NAMA : ZAENAL.
NIM : 2017310457
CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING
A. CODE SWITCHING
Code switching is when a speaker alternates between two or more languages (or dialects or
varieties of language) in one conversation.
Types of Code Switching
1. Inter-Sentential
Intersentential (or inter-sentential) codeswitching refers to a type of codeswitching: the
alternation in a single discourse between two languages, where the switching occurs after a
sentence in the first language has been completed and the next sentence starts with a new
language.
For example: Ini lagu lama, tahun 60an. It’s oldies but goodies.
I want to sleep now, capek gara-gara tadi pagi.
Kamu pilih baju warna apa, pink or yellow.
Trust me, itu pasti bekerja.
2. Intra-Sentential
Intrasentential codeswitching refers to a type of codeswitching: the alternation in a single
discourse between two languages, where the switching occurs within a sentence.
For example: Hotel itu really cantik dan indah.
Ujiannya so easy buatku.
Sorry tadi malam aku ketiduran.
By the way berapa harganya?
Aku sekarang lagi hunting buku diperpustakaan.
3. Extra-Sentential or Tag Switching
Tag-switching involves inserting a tag or short phrase in one language into an utterance that
isotherwise entirely in another language..
For example: It’s okay, no problem, ya nggak?"
tapi saya tidak peduli, no way!
He is handsome, ya kan?
Jack tidak bisa mengendarai mobil, can he?
B. CODE MIXING
Code-mixing is the mixing of two or more languages or language varieties in speech.
a. Unit Insertion
Unit insertion means the insertion of word, phrase, or dependent clausefrom different language
in single utterance. Here are the examples of unit insertion :
An English-German bilingual: And the forggie‟s getting nass.(And the forggie‟s getting wet.)
An indonesian-English bilingual: Dia training untuk bertarung.(He was training to fight.)
b. Unit Hybridization
As stated in Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary, hybrid means a something that is the
product of mixing two or more different things. Unit hybridization means the mixing of two
language in a single word, for example the mixing of a word from one language with suffix from
another language as shown below:Aku beli HP pavilion mx50, walau processor-nya Celeron 766
tapi spesifikasinya bagus.(I bought HP pavilion mx50, eventhough the processor is Celeron 766,
the specification is good.)This example contains the unit hybridization which the word
“processor” is combined with Indonesian suffix –nya. The example shows that the speaker
mixes the English and Indonesian codes without the changing the meaning of the sentence.
c. Sentence Insertion
Sentence insertion means inserting the sentences from different language in the utterance.
According to Kachru, it refers to an insertion of a sentence from another language into the
language base of the discourse. Here is the example ;
An indonesian-English bilingual: "I started going to like this. Dan kemudian dia mengatakan (and
then he said), look at the smoke coming out of my fingers.‟
d. Idiom and Collocation Insertion
Idiom is a group of words whose meaning is different from the meaning of the individual
words. According to Brown and Attardo (2000: 30), collocation is the way that two or more
words are associated, for examples “bread and butter, get away with murder, salt and pepper”.
There are examples of idiom and collocation insertion:
Kita harus menunggu at least satu jam lagi.(We have to wait at least an hour.)
Itu adalah the biggest mistake yang pernah ku lakukan.It was the biggest mistake I that ever did
e. Reduplication
Reduplication means repeating the word, phrase or sentence by using different code without
changes the meaning. There is an example of reduplication in a sentence:
Thank you, terima kasih atas bantuannya.(Thank you, thank you for your helps.) The italic word
has the same meaning with the word terima kasih. The speaker mixes the languages by using
the different word which has same meaning.
